1817:
52:
1328:
1040:
2782:
237:
1153:
Forms of case suffixes change based on vowel harmony and the consonants they follow. Case endings also interact with possessive suffixes. A table of basic case endings is provided below:
1018:
Doerfer claims that Khalaj retains three vowel lengths postulated for Proto-Turkic: long (e.g., qán 'blood'), half-long bàş (e.g., 'head'), and short (e.g., hat 'horse'). However,
1022:
challenges both the interpretation that Khalaj features three vowel lengths and that Proto-Turkic had the same three-way contrast. Some vowels of Proto-Turkic are realized as falling
453:
The main dialects of Khalaj are
Northern and Southern. Within the dialect groupings, individual villages and groupings of speakers have distinct speech patterns.
2419:
368:
The conservative character of Khalaj can be seen by comparing the same words across different Turkic varieties. For example, in Khalaj, the word for "foot" is
2770:
3044:
387:). Because of the preservation of these archaic features, some scholars have speculated that the Khalaj people are the descendants of the Arghu Turks.
2047:
2002:
2502:
420:
2620:
Kabak, Barış (2004), "Acquiring phonology is not acquiring inventories but contrasts: The loss of Turkic and Korean primary long vowels",
2197:
747:
2311:
349:
branch of the Turkic language family. Evidence for the reassignment includes the preservation of the vowel length contrasts found in
2580:
2454:
2347:
2284:
2231:
2158:
2105:
2067:
2023:
1978:
1947:
1375:
1087:
3901:
2748:
1349:
1061:
2763:
1412:
986:
978:
923:
915:
668:
249:
2516:; Doerfer, G. (2012). "K̲h̲alad̲j̲". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.).
3037:
1353:
1065:
308:
was the first person to give written examples of the Khalaj language, which are mostly interchangeable with modern Khalaj.
1758:
1395:
For example, Khalaj numbers are Turkic in form, but some speakers replace the forms for "80" and "90" with
Persian terms.
941:
933:
880:
872:
724:
2212:[Chronology of Turkic languages and linguistic contacts of early Turks]. In Tenišev, E. R.; Dybo, A. V. (eds.).
1303:
961:
953:
710:
675:
223:
3011:
843:
694:
2387:
2245:
1730:
1338:
1050:
2226:. Сравнительно-историческая грамматика тюркских языков (in Russian). Vol. 6. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 766–817.
3906:
2756:
1006:
998:
756:
586:
579:
1781:
1357:
1342:
1069:
1054:
403:
named "Khalaj" with the same population figure as the Turkic language. The Khalaj speak their Turkic language and
3896:
3584:
3030:
862:
854:
717:
685:
400:
3338:
2513:
1451:
He said, "My dear, we have a cow; take this cow and sell it. Come with the proceeds, we shall buy you a wife!"
1115:
898:
890:
603:
259:
298:
parents do not pass the language on to their children; only 5% of families teach their children the language.
236:
3699:
3413:
3367:
3350:
3315:
3276:
3135:
3081:
1585:
628:
621:
596:
132:
3753:
3726:
3539:
3393:
3283:
1816:
1454:
1441:
1428:
503:
1973:]. Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica (in German and Khalaj). Vol. 26. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
3873:
3559:
3069:
3006:
2538:. Edited by Geoffrey Haig and Geoffrey Khan. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2019. pp. 398–444.
2518:
1901:
1019:
776:
739:
645:
540:
533:
3849:
1514:
Ragagnin, E. (2020). "Major and Minor Turkic
Language Islands in Iran with a Special Focus on Khalaj".
1459:
Haüdı ki "Bába bizüm bí sığırımüz vár, yetip bo sığırı sátı. Nağd şəyi púlín, yək biz sə̃ kişi alduq!"
1455:
hay.dɨki"bɒː.babi.zymbiːsɨ.ɣɨ.ɾɨ.myzvaːɾ,je.tipbosɨ.ɣɨ.ɾɨsaː.tɨ,naɣdʃæj.ipuˑ.lĩn,jækbizsæ̃ki.ʃial.duq"
1392:. Words from neighboring Turkic languages (namely Azerbaijani), have also made their way into Khalaj.
3689:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3251:
2937:
2932:
2891:
2871:
2819:
1552:
1004:
996:
984:
976:
959:
951:
939:
931:
921:
913:
896:
888:
878:
870:
860:
852:
841:
638:
469:
338:
31:
1893:
301:
The Khalaj language is a descendant of an old Turkic language called Arghu. The 11th-century Turkic
3489:
3398:
3205:
2743:
2151:"On the Pasture of Good Thoughts": Collected Articles for the Anniversary of I. M. Steblin-Kamensky
1580:
655:
566:
2326:
Kuribayashi, Yuu (2021). "Turkish and Uyghur verb-verb complexes in contrast". In
Kageyama, Taro;
3168:
2718:
2696:
2676:
2668:
2637:
2607:
2554:
2545:
Doerfer, Gerhard (1985). "Kabulafscharisch Und
Chaladsch (Ein Beitrag Mit Vielen Fragezeichen)".
2482:
2374:
2220:
Proto-Turkic Base
Language: A Picture of the World of the Proto-Turks According to Their Language
2041:
1996:
1531:
1261:
549:
498:
456:
The linguistic difference between the most distant dialects is not smaller (or even bigger) than
408:
305:
3815:
3704:
3360:
3305:
3221:
3198:
3191:
2947:
2927:
2786:
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2411:
2403:
2353:
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2290:
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2237:
2227:
2189:
2177:
2164:
2154:
2119:
2111:
2101:
2073:
2063:
2029:
2019:
1984:
1974:
1953:
1943:
1752:
1257:
1253:
1143:
703:
614:
520:
2264:
3785:
3714:
3709:
3554:
3494:
3466:
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3456:
3246:
3236:
3173:
3115:
3053:
2990:
2985:
2977:
2957:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2881:
2844:
2829:
2803:
2660:
2629:
2523:
2335:
2093:
2085:
1771:
Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
1523:
1389:
1283:
768:
515:
493:
465:
461:
441:. Doerfer cites the number of speakers as approximately 17,000 in 1968, and 20,000 in 1978.
426:
404:
381:
280:
127:
76:
2303:
3844:
3839:
3827:
3808:
3790:
3777:
3694:
3659:
3620:
3599:
3566:
3544:
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3432:
3403:
3355:
3345:
3300:
3295:
3156:
3151:
2952:
2942:
2886:
2866:
2856:
2824:
1914:
1127:
527:
510:
346:
342:
327:
311:
119:
2709:
Ramer, Alexis
Manaster (1997). "Khalaj Vowel Lengths: A Reevaluation of the Bazin Data".
2339:
2092:. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
3867:
3669:
3643:
3604:
3484:
3440:
3408:
3372:
3310:
3288:
3241:
3130:
3098:
3090:
3061:
2962:
1418:
561:
457:
331:
288:
137:
215:
17:
3890:
3721:
3664:
3322:
2861:
2849:
2680:
2641:
2527:
2327:
2268:
2055:
1535:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1123:
811:
661:
572:
315:
302:
295:
98:
350:
2140:"Turco-Afghanica: On East Iranian *amarnā and Turkic alma, alïmla, almïla 'apple'"
1527:
51:
3549:
3530:
3161:
2738:
2449:]. Языки мира (in Russian). Vol. 2. Moscow: Indrik. pp. 470–476.
2139:
1388:
The core of Khalaj vocabulary is Turkic, but many words have been borrowed from
1327:
1131:
1039:
835:
806:
228:
314:, who rediscovered Khalaj, demonstrated that it was an independent branch from
3746:
3737:
2664:
2633:
2365:
Manaster Ramer, Alexis (1995). "Khalaj (and Turkic) vowel lengths revisited".
2357:
2168:
1809:
1249:
1119:
970:
816:
391:
2415:
2407:
2294:
2193:
2123:
2115:
1804:
3256:
2590:
2539:
2464:
2241:
2205:
2153:] (in Russian and English). Saint Petersburg: Kontrast. pp. 73–94.
2147:"На Пастбище Мысли Благой". Сборник статей к юбилею И. М. Стеблин-Каменского
2077:
2033:
1737:(17th ed.). SIL International. Archived from the original on 2013-04-02
1307:
1023:
907:
208:
192:
1988:
2687:
Poppe, Nikolaus (1983). "Chaladsch und die
Altaische Sprachwissenschaft".
2213:
2097:
1957:
199:
2834:
2334:. Oxford Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 455–470.
2215:Пратюркский язык-основа. Картина мира пратюркского этноса по данным языка
1269:
1265:
267:
255:
2722:
2700:
2611:
2558:
2378:
2272:
1287:
438:
434:
396:
373:
263:
88:
84:
2672:
2090:
Diachrony of Verb
Morphology: Japanese and the Transeurasian Languages
287:. Although it contains many old Turkic elements, it has become widely
3831:
2876:
2839:
1111:
2598:
Doerfer, Gerhard (1997). "Türkische
Sprachen Und Dialekte in Iran".
3022:
2536:
The Languages and Linguistics of Western Asia: An Areal Perspective
2210:Хронология тюркских языков и лингвистические контакты ранних тюрков
1403:
Excerpt from Doerfer & Tezcan 1994, transliterated by Doerfer:
1894:"Khalaj literary production in an electronic cultural environment"
1465:
A piece of poetry in Khalaj (transliterated into Turkish script):
2789:
2781:
1311:
445:
reports that the population of speakers grew to 42,107 by 2000.
284:
65:
3026:
2752:
1782:"Request Number 2019-026 for Change to ISO 639-3 Language Code"
2485:[Position of Khalaj Language in Terms of Acquisition]
1321:
1033:
430:
80:
1598:
1596:
1828:
1826:
1405:
345:, led to the reclassification of Khalaj as a distinct non-
266:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
429:
in Iran distributed throughout a number of villages from
1490:
Regarded as a different language, rather than a dialect.
2534:
Bulut, Christiane. "The Turkic varieties of Iran". In:
2277:
Evidentials: Turkic, Iranian and Neighbouring Languages
2178:"Khalaj and its relation to the other Turkic languages"
2018:] (in German and Khalaj). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
1665:
1663:
2441:[Khalaj language]. In Tenišev, E. R. (ed.).
2132:
Book chapters, journal articles, encyclopedia entries
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
407:, and the supposed Iranian language of the Khalaj is
3826:
3801:
3776:
3735:
3682:
3652:
3636:
3629:
3613:
3592:
3583:
3508:
3477:
3449:
3431:
3386:
3331:
3269:
3229:
3220:
3182:
3144:
3123:
3114:
3089:
3080:
3060:
2999:
2976:
2920:
2812:
2796:
1650:
1648:
797:
291:. Khalaj has about 150 words of uncertain origin.
222:
206:
190:
185:
167:
155:
116:
104:
94:
75:Distributed throughout a number of villages in the
71:
61:
39:
1277:Stem + Voice + Negation + Tense/Aspect + Agreement
330:of at least 35 documented languages spoken by the
2739:Resources in and about the Turkic Khalaj language
2600:Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
2367:Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
2279:. The Hague: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 89–102.
341:, linguistic studies, particularly those done by
337:While initially thought to be closely related to
1942:. Bloomington: Indiana University Publications.
1232:The equative can also be expressed by the words
421:List of endangered languages in Asia § Iran
1429:biːki.niːmol.laːnas.ɾæd.diː.niːnoɣ.luvaːɾ-aɾ.ti
1967:Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab)
1868:
3038:
2764:
2651:(1940), "The Turkish Dialect of the Khalaj",
1880:
1856:
1705:
1602:
8:
1717:
1356:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1282:Due to Persian influence, Khalaj has, like
1068:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
241:Map of the location of the Khalaj Language.
3633:
3626:
3589:
3446:
3226:
3120:
3086:
3045:
3031:
3023:
2771:
2757:
2749:
2653:Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies
1509:
1507:
235:
50:
36:
30:"Klj" redirects here. For other uses, see
2540:https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110421682-013
1832:
1581:"Turkic languages of Persia: an overview"
1433:Bí kiní mollá nasrəddínín oğlu vár-arti.
1376:Learn how and when to remove this message
1088:Learn how and when to remove this message
2010:Doerfer, Gerhard; Tezcan, Semih (1994).
1965:Doerfer, Gerhard; Tezcan, Semih (1980).
1669:
1155:
484:
2483:"Dil Edimi Açisindan Halaççanin Konumu"
2138:Cheung, Johnny; Aydemir, Hakan (2015).
1844:
1639:
1627:
1503:
1483:
1446:Haüdı ki "Əy bába, məñ kişi şəyyorum."
260:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2332:Verb-Verb Complexes in Asian Languages
2039:
1994:
1910:
1899:
1750:
1746:Different from Turkic Khalaj in Iran.
1557:[Endangered Khalaj language].
27:Turkic language spoken in western Iran
2182:Yearbook of Turkic Studies – Belleten
2046:: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (
2001:: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (
1693:
1654:
1442:hay.dɨki"æjbaː.ba,mæŋki.ʃiʃæj.jo.ɾum"
1438:He said, "Oh Father, I want a wife."
166:
7:
2310:. Vol. XV/4. pp. 364–365.
1681:
1547:
1545:
1354:adding citations to reliable sources
1066:adding citations to reliable sources
357:, and the lack of the sound change *
56:Khalaj in the Persian Nasta'liq form
1971:Khalaj Dictionary (Charrab Dialect)
1268:. Verbs consist of long strings of
365:characteristic of Oghuz languages.
294:Surveys have found that most young
3872:Languages between parentheses are
2340:10.1093/oso/9780198759508.003.0017
1579:Knüppel, Michael (15 April 2010).
1474:Vaşqan turpaqum o xeleç teq tilim
1468:Vaşqan baluqum xeleç teq var tilim
1425:Once, Mullah Nasreddin had a son.
25:
775:
755:
746:
723:
716:
709:
693:
684:
674:
667:
644:
637:
627:
620:
602:
595:
585:
578:
548:
539:
532:
2780:
2575:]. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
2528:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0485
2200:from the original on 2021-09-24.
1815:
1472:Til o baluqumu dunyalan teyişmem
1326:
1110:Nouns in Khalaj might receive a
1038:
2508:from the original on 2018-04-24
2425:from the original on 2011-11-12
2386:Ölmez, Mehmet (February 1995).
2314:from the original on 2019-12-11
2265:"Reflections on –miš in Khalaj"
2251:from the original on 2018-12-17
1787:. SIL International. 2019-03-12
3876:of the language on their left.
2390:[Khalajis and Khalaj]
1:
2330:; Pardeshi, Prashant (eds.).
2142:. In Pelevin, Mikhail (ed.).
1528:10.1080/00210862.2020.1740881
1470:Canumda yiter baluqum o tilim
401:Northwestern Iranian language
376:in nearby Oghuz languages is
2495:Journal of Black Sea Studies
2016:Folklore Texts of the Khalaj
2012:Folklore-Texte der Chaladsch
968:
905:
833:
821:
802:
3012:Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language
2304:"ḴALAJ ii. Ḵalaji Language"
2058:; Csató, Éva Ágnes (1998).
425:Khalaj is spoken mainly in
326:The Turkic languages are a
3923:
2437:Shcherbak, A. M. (1997).
1290:constructions of the form
418:
29:
3858:
2665:10.1017/S0041977X00087607
2634:10.1515/lity.2004.8.3.351
2567:Doerfer, Gerhard (1988).
2302:Knüppel, Michael (2009).
2176:Doerfer, Gerhard (1977).
1938:Doerfer, Gerhard (1971).
1881:Doerfer & Tezcan 1994
1857:Doerfer & Tezcan 1980
1757:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1706:Cheung & Aydemir 2015
1603:Johanson & Csató 1998
815:
810:
805:
803:
767:
738:
654:
560:
526:
490:
415:Geographical distribution
246:
234:
49:
44:
2481:Bosnalı, Soneli (2012),
2442:
2438:
2214:
2209:
2146:
1561:(in Persian). 2019-08-14
1553:
1272:in the following array:
3902:Agglutinative languages
3802:Disputed classification
2711:Central Asiatic Journal
2689:Central Asiatic Journal
2569:Grammatik des Chaladsch
2547:Central Asiatic Journal
2522:(2nd ed.). Brill.
2491:Karadeniz Araştırmaları
1554:زبان خلجی در حال انقراض
1909:Cite journal requires
248:This article contains
18:Turkic Khalaj language
3561:Old Anatolian Turkish
3007:Persian Sign Language
2727:Accessed 3 Jan. 2023.
2705:Accessed 3 Jan. 2023.
2616:Accessed 3 Jan. 2023.
2563:Accessed 3 Jan. 2023.
2519:Encyclopedia of Islam
2388:"Halaçlar ve Halaçça"
2263:Kıral, Filiz (2000).
2098:10.1515/9783110399943
2062:. London: Routledge.
1178:-Un, -u:y, -i:, -i:n
1020:Alexis Manaster Ramer
419:Further information:
2497:] (in Turkish),
2308:Encyclopædia Iranica
2060:The Turkic Languages
1586:Encyclopædia Iranica
1350:improve this section
1248:Verbs in Khalaj are
1062:improve this section
353:(PT), word-initial *
3490:Chaharmahali Turkic
2622:Linguistic Typology
1883:, pp. 158–159.
1869:Manaster Ramer 1995
1304:subject–object–verb
800:
487:
486:Consonant phonemes
283:language spoken in
2921:Minority languages
2813:Regional languages
1871:, pp. 187–88.
1122:in Khalaj include
1026:, as in ('arm').
798:
485:
399:formerly listed a
306:Mahmud al-Kashgari
110:19,000 (2018)
3907:Languages of Iran
3884:
3883:
3868:extinct languages
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3678:
3677:
3579:
3578:
3526:South Azerbaijani
3521:North Azerbaijani
3427:
3426:
3216:
3215:
3020:
3019:
2978:Working languages
2797:Official language
2573:Grammar of Khalaj
2086:Robbeets, Martine
1813:(22nd ed., 2019)
1463:
1462:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1240:and other forms.
1230:
1229:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1016:
1015:
830:
825:
791:
790:
274:
273:
256:rendering support
252:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
3914:
3897:Turkic languages
3634:
3627:
3590:
3457:Khorasani Turkic
3447:
3227:
3121:
3087:
3054:Turkic languages
3047:
3040:
3033:
3024:
2912:Khorasani Turkic
2785:
2784:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2726:
2704:
2695:(1/2): 112–120.
2683:
2644:
2615:
2594:
2562:
2531:
2509:
2507:
2488:
2468:
2447:Turkic Languages
2433:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2396:Çağdaş Türk Dili
2393:
2382:
2361:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2298:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2250:
2225:
2201:
2172:
2127:
2081:
2051:
2045:
2037:
2006:
2000:
1992:
1961:
1940:Khalaj Materials
1919:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1727:
1721:
1718:Kuribayashi 2021
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1658:
1652:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1606:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1576:
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1569:
1567:
1566:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1511:
1491:
1488:
1456:
1443:
1430:
1406:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1330:
1322:
1293:
1156:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1042:
1034:
1010:
1002:
990:
982:
965:
957:
945:
937:
927:
919:
902:
894:
884:
876:
866:
858:
847:
828:
823:
801:
779:
759:
750:
727:
720:
713:
706:
697:
688:
678:
671:
664:
648:
641:
631:
624:
617:
606:
599:
589:
582:
575:
552:
543:
536:
488:
466:Rumelian Turkish
427:Markazi Province
239:
218:
202:
195:
122:
77:Markazi Province
54:
37:
21:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3879:
3854:
3822:
3797:
3760:
3731:
3674:
3648:
3625:
3609:
3575:
3568:Ottoman Turkish
3504:
3473:
3445:
3423:
3382:
3340:Fergana Kipchak
3327:
3296:Karachay-Balkar
3265:
3212:
3178:
3140:
3110:
3076:
3056:
3051:
3021:
3016:
2995:
2972:
2916:
2808:
2792:
2779:
2777:
2744:Khalaj language
2735:
2730:
2708:
2686:
2647:
2619:
2597:
2583:
2566:
2553:(3/4): 166–75.
2544:
2514:Bosworth, C. E.
2512:
2505:
2486:
2480:
2476:
2474:Further reading
2471:
2457:
2444:
2440:
2439:Xaлaджcкий язык
2436:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2391:
2385:
2364:
2350:
2325:
2317:
2315:
2301:
2287:
2262:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2234:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2204:
2175:
2161:
2148:
2144:Turco-Afghanica
2137:
2134:
2108:
2084:
2070:
2054:
2038:
2026:
2009:
1993:
1981:
1964:
1950:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1908:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1824:
1814:
1805:Khalaj language
1803:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1749:
1740:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1609:
1601:
1594:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1516:Iranian Studies
1513:
1512:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1401:
1382:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1347:
1331:
1320:
1302:Khalaj employs
1300:
1291:
1246:
1218:-lAn, -lA, -nA
1108:
1103:
1094:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1059:
1043:
1032:
799:Vowel phonemes
796:
702:
660:
613:
571:
565:
505:
483:
478:
451:
423:
417:
343:Gerhard Doerfer
328:language family
324:
312:Gerhard Doerfer
254:Without proper
242:
214:
198:
191:
163:
158:
151:
123:
120:Language family
118:
111:
107:
106:Native speakers
57:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3920:
3918:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3889:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3870:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3751:
3743:
3741:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3700:Northern Altai
3697:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3564:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3528:
3523:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3444:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3414:Siberian Tatar
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3394:Dobrujan Tatar
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3368:Siberian Tatar
3365:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3351:Southern Altai
3348:
3343:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3317:Mamluk-Kipchak
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3286:
3281:
3278:Armeno-Kipchak
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3249:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3136:Southern Uzbek
3133:
3131:Northern Uzbek
3127:
3125:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3093:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3066:
3064:
3062:Proto-language
3058:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
3000:Sign languages
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2963:Zargari Romani
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2734:
2733:External links
2731:
2729:
2728:
2706:
2684:
2659:(2): 417–437,
2645:
2628:(3): 351–368,
2617:
2595:
2581:
2564:
2542:
2532:
2510:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2455:
2443:Тюркские языки
2434:
2398:(in Turkish).
2383:
2362:
2348:
2328:Hook, Peter E.
2323:
2299:
2285:
2269:Johanson, Lars
2260:
2232:
2202:
2173:
2159:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2106:
2082:
2068:
2056:Johanson, Lars
2052:
2024:
2007:
1979:
1962:
1948:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1911:|journal=
1885:
1873:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1835:, p. 472.
1833:Shcherbak 1997
1822:
1797:
1773:
1764:
1722:
1720:, p. 469.
1710:
1698:
1686:
1684:, p. 766.
1674:
1659:
1644:
1632:
1607:
1592:
1571:
1559:همشهری آنلاین
1541:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1419:Latin alphabet
1415:
1410:
1400:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1334:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1299:
1296:
1280:
1279:
1245:
1242:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1046:
1044:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1014:
1013:
1011:
993:
991:
973:
967:
966:
948:
946:
928:
910:
904:
903:
885:
867:
849:
838:
832:
831:
826:
820:
819:
814:
809:
804:
795:
792:
789:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
773:
771:
765:
764:
762:
760:
753:
751:
744:
742:
736:
735:
733:
731:
728:
721:
714:
707:
699:
698:
691:
689:
682:
679:
672:
665:
658:
652:
651:
649:
642:
635:
632:
625:
618:
610:
609:
607:
600:
593:
590:
583:
576:
569:
558:
557:
555:
553:
546:
544:
537:
530:
524:
523:
518:
513:
508:
501:
496:
491:
482:
479:
477:
474:
450:
447:
416:
413:
332:Turkic peoples
323:
322:Classification
320:
272:
271:
258:, you may see
244:
243:
240:
232:
231:
226:
220:
219:
212:
204:
203:
196:
188:
187:
186:Language codes
183:
182:
181:
180:
177:
174:
169:
165:
164:
161:
159:
156:
153:
152:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
145:
126:
124:
117:
114:
113:
108:
105:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
73:
69:
68:
63:
62:Native to
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3919:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3875:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3757:
3756:
3755:Orkhon Turkic
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3727:Western Yugur
3725:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Balkan Gagauz
3538:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:Crimean Tatar
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3082:Common Turkic
3079:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2788:
2783:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2602:(in German).
2601:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2582:9783447028653
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2501:(32): 45–67,
2500:
2496:
2492:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2456:9785857590614
2452:
2448:
2435:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:(84): 15–22.
2401:
2397:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2349:9780191077432
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2286:9783110805284
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2233:9785020327108
2229:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2160:9785438001256
2156:
2152:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2107:9783110378238
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2069:9780415082006
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2025:9783447034845
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1980:9789630518420
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1949:9780877501503
1945:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1916:
1903:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1798:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1708:, p. 80.
1707:
1702:
1699:
1696:, p. 89.
1695:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1670:Robbeets 2015
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1605:, p. 81.
1604:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
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1504:
1497:
1487:
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1477:
1475:
1466:
1458:
1453:
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1445:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1423:
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1416:
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1408:
1407:
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1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1380:
1377:
1369:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1335:This section
1333:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1295:
1289:
1285:
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1259:
1255:
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1239:
1235:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1170:∅ (unmarked)
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1089:
1081:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1047:This section
1045:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1008:
1000:
994:
992:
988:
980:
974:
972:
969:
963:
955:
949:
947:
943:
935:
929:
925:
917:
911:
909:
906:
900:
892:
886:
882:
874:
868:
864:
856:
850:
845:
839:
837:
834:
827:
822:
818:
813:
808:
793:
787:
785:
783:
781:
778:
774:
772:
770:
766:
763:
761:
758:
754:
752:
749:
745:
743:
741:
737:
734:
732:
729:
726:
722:
719:
715:
712:
708:
705:
701:
700:
696:
692:
690:
687:
683:
680:
677:
673:
670:
666:
663:
659:
657:
653:
650:
647:
643:
640:
636:
633:
630:
626:
623:
619:
616:
612:
611:
608:
605:
601:
598:
594:
591:
588:
584:
581:
577:
574:
570:
568:
563:
559:
556:
554:
551:
547:
545:
542:
538:
535:
531:
529:
525:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
489:
480:
475:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
422:
414:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:
388:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
321:
319:
317:
316:Common Turkic
313:
309:
307:
304:
303:lexicographer
299:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
251:
245:
238:
233:
230:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
211:
210:
205:
201:
197:
194:
189:
184:
178:
175:
172:
171:
170:
160:
154:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
134:
133:Common Turkic
131:
130:
129:
125:
121:
115:
109:
103:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3863:
3816:
3809:
3791:
3754:
3747:
3736:
3567:
3560:
3531:
3418:Tobol-Irtysh
3339:
3316:
3289:
3277:
3257:
3252:Mishar Tatar
3206:
3199:
3192:
3183:
3105:
3099:
3071:Proto-Turkic
3070:
2967:
2787:Languages of
2717:(1): 35–37.
2714:
2710:
2692:
2688:
2656:
2652:
2649:Minorsky, V.
2625:
2621:
2603:
2599:
2572:
2568:
2550:
2546:
2535:
2517:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2446:
2427:. Retrieved
2399:
2395:
2370:
2366:
2331:
2316:. Retrieved
2307:
2276:
2253:. Retrieved
2219:
2185:
2181:
2150:
2143:
2089:
2059:
2015:
2011:
1970:
1966:
1939:
1902:cite journal
1888:
1876:
1864:
1852:
1845:Doerfer 1971
1840:
1808:
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1776:
1767:
1745:
1739:. Retrieved
1734:
1725:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1672:, p. 8.
1640:Knüppel 2009
1635:
1628:Doerfer 1977
1584:
1574:
1563:. Retrieved
1558:
1522:(3–4): 574.
1519:
1515:
1486:
1467:
1464:
1409:Translation
1402:
1394:
1387:
1372:
1363:
1348:Please help
1336:
1306:word order.
1301:
1281:
1276:
1247:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1215:Instrumental
1152:
1144:instrumental
1109:
1084:
1075:
1060:Please help
1048:
1017:
455:
452:
442:
424:
390:
389:
384:
377:
374:cognate word
372:, while the
369:
367:
362:
358:
354:
351:Proto-Turkic
336:
325:
310:
300:
293:
276:
275:
247:
207:
142:
3690:Fuyu Kyrgyz
3532:Ajem-Turkic
3516:Azerbaijani
2872:Mazanderani
2820:Azerbaijani
2373:: 187–197.
740:Approximant
470:Azerbaijani
464:or between
458:Kazan Tatar
339:Azerbaijani
289:Persianized
262:instead of
3891:Categories
3748:Old Uyghur
3550:Karapapakh
3399:Karakalpak
3207:Karakhanid
3200:Khorezmian
2938:Circassian
2429:2020-03-18
2358:1245491300
2318:2020-03-18
2255:2020-03-18
2206:Dybo, Anna
2169:1038607183
1810:Ethnologue
1791:2020-03-18
1741:2020-03-18
1735:Ethnologue
1694:Kıral 2000
1655:Ölmez 1995
1565:2021-07-26
1498:References
1366:April 2022
1318:Vocabulary
1308:Adjectives
1191:Accusative
1167:Nominative
1128:accusative
1116:possessive
1114:marker or
1101:Morphology
1024:diphthongs
481:Consonants
443:Ethnologue
392:Ethnologue
157:Early form
3874:varieties
3866:indicate
3850:Qoqmončaq
3258:Old Tatar
3169:Ili Turki
2681:162589866
2642:122917987
2606:: 41–63.
2416:222016380
2408:1300-1345
2295:868974004
2208:(2006).
2194:0564-5050
2188:: 17–32.
2124:945754396
2116:1861-4302
2042:cite book
1997:cite book
1682:Dybo 2006
1536:218924277
1337:does not
1270:morphemes
1250:inflected
1049:does not
824:unrounded
662:voiceless
656:Fricative
573:voiceless
567:Affricate
476:Phonology
380:(compare
209:Glottolog
193:ISO 639-3
95:Ethnicity
3817:Pecheneg
3614:Southern
3593:Northern
3585:Siberian
3478:Southern
3467:Trukhmen
3361:Telengit
3306:Krymchak
3247:Nagaibak
3193:Chagatai
2948:Georgian
2933:Assyrian
2928:Armenian
2835:Kurmanji
2723:41928087
2701:41927392
2612:23863155
2591:21035642
2559:41927483
2503:archived
2465:68040217
2420:Archived
2379:23866156
2312:Archived
2275:(eds.).
2273:Utas, Bo
2246:Archived
2242:13008487
2198:Archived
2088:(2015).
2078:40980286
2034:32612731
1753:cite web
1731:"Khalaj"
1399:Examples
1310:precede
1266:negation
1223:Equative
1207:Ablative
1199:Locative
1194:-I, -NI
1186:-A, -KA
1175:Genitive
1148:equative
1140:ablative
1136:locative
1124:genitive
1118:marker.
1078:May 2022
506:alveolar
499:Alveolar
449:Dialects
409:spurious
268:Help:IPA
216:turk1303
168:Dialects
3864:Italics
3832:pidgins
3828:Creoles
3786:Chuvash
3710:Chelkan
3705:Kumandy
3683:Yenisei
3555:Turkish
3509:Western
3500:Sonqori
3495:Qashqai
3485:Afshari
3462:Turkmen
3450:Eastern
3237:Bashkir
3222:Kipchak
3145:Eastern
3124:Western
2991:Russian
2986:English
2958:Jadgali
2907:Semnani
2902:Turkmen
2897:Qashqai
2882:Balochi
2830:Kurdish
2804:Persian
1989:8095415
1926:Sources
1390:Persian
1358:removed
1343:sources
1292:-Ib/-Ip
1288:converb
1286:, lost
1284:Qashqai
1162:Suffix
1070:removed
1055:sources
1030:Grammar
829:rounded
812:Central
521:Glottal
462:Bashkir
439:Tafresh
435:Ashtian
405:Persian
382:Turkish
264:Unicode
173:Talx-āb
89:Tafresh
85:Ashtian
3845:Kurbet
3840:Hezhou
3810:Khazar
3792:Bulgar
3695:Khakas
3660:Dukhan
3637:Steppe
3621:Chulym
3600:Dolgan
3545:Gagauz
3404:Kazakh
3373:Baraba
3356:Teleut
3346:Kyrgyz
3332:Kyrgyz
3301:Karaim
3230:Bulgar
3157:Khoton
3152:Uyghur
3116:Karluk
3106:Khalaj
2968:Khalaj
2953:Hebrew
2943:Domari
2887:Talysh
2877:Arabic
2867:Gilaki
2857:Gorani
2845:Xwarin
2840:Sorani
2825:Achomi
2721:
2699:
2679:
2673:608400
2671:
2640:
2610:
2589:
2579:
2557:
2463:
2453:
2414:
2406:
2377:
2356:
2346:
2293:
2283:
2240:
2230:
2222:]
2192:
2167:
2157:
2122:
2114:
2104:
2076:
2066:
2032:
2022:
1987:
1977:
1958:240052
1956:
1946:
1896:: 100.
1534:
1298:Syntax
1264:, and
1262:aspect
1226:-vāra
1183:Dative
1146:, and
1132:dative
1112:plural
794:Vowels
769:Rhotic
704:voiced
615:voiced
516:Uvular
494:Labial
296:Khalaj
281:Turkic
277:Khalaj
229:Khalaj
176:Xarrāb
162:Arghu
143:Khalaj
128:Turkic
112:20,000
99:Khalaj
72:Region
40:Khalaj
3778:Oghur
3670:Soyot
3653:Taiga
3644:Tuvan
3630:Sayan
3605:Yakut
3441:Salar
3433:Oghuz
3409:Nogai
3387:Nogai
3311:Kumyk
3290:Cuman
3270:Cuman
3242:Tatar
2719:JSTOR
2697:JSTOR
2677:S2CID
2669:JSTOR
2638:S2CID
2608:JSTOR
2571:[
2555:JSTOR
2506:(PDF)
2493:[
2487:(PDF)
2445:[
2423:(PDF)
2392:(PDF)
2375:JSTOR
2267:. In
2249:(PDF)
2224:(PDF)
2218:[
2149:[
2014:[
1969:[
1932:Books
1785:(PDF)
1532:S2CID
1478:Notes
1312:nouns
1258:tense
1254:voice
1244:Verbs
1234:täkin
1120:Cases
1106:Nouns
1009:]
1005:[
1001:]
997:[
989:]
985:[
981:]
977:[
964:]
960:[
956:]
952:[
944:]
940:[
936:]
932:[
926:]
922:[
918:]
914:[
901:]
897:[
893:]
889:[
883:]
879:[
875:]
871:[
865:]
861:[
857:]
853:[
846:]
842:[
836:Close
807:Front
528:Nasal
511:Velar
504:Post-
370:hadaq
347:Oghuz
279:is a
179:Dāγān
138:Arghu
79:from
3830:and
3722:Shor
3715:Tuba
3665:Tofa
3323:Urum
3174:Äynu
3100:Argu
3091:Argu
2892:Tati
2862:Luri
2850:Laki
2790:Iran
2587:OCLC
2577:ISBN
2461:OCLC
2451:ISBN
2412:OCLC
2404:ISSN
2354:OCLC
2344:ISBN
2291:OCLC
2281:ISBN
2238:OCLC
2228:ISBN
2190:ISSN
2165:OCLC
2155:ISBN
2120:OCLC
2112:ISSN
2102:ISBN
2074:OCLC
2064:ISBN
2048:link
2030:OCLC
2020:ISBN
2003:link
1985:OCLC
1975:ISBN
1954:OCLC
1944:ISBN
1915:help
1759:link
1341:any
1339:cite
1252:for
1238:täki
1210:-dA
1202:-čA
1159:Case
1053:any
1051:cite
971:Open
817:Back
562:Stop
468:and
460:and
437:and
395:and
385:ayak
378:ayaq
285:Iran
87:and
66:Iran
3738:Old
3377:Tom
3184:Old
3162:Lop
2661:doi
2630:doi
2524:doi
2336:doi
2094:doi
1807:at
1524:doi
1417:In
1413:IPA
1352:by
1064:by
983:ə́
908:Mid
848:í
730:ğ
681:ş
634:c
592:ç
433:to
431:Qom
397:ISO
250:IPA
224:ELP
200:klj
83:to
81:Qom
45:خلج
32:KLJ
3893::
2715:41
2713:.
2693:27
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2675:,
2667:,
2657:10
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2636:,
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