443:
505:
Kartli-Kakheti kingdom of south-east
Georgia), although less accessible for purposes of coercion, were also regarded as the Shah's vassals, as were the Khāns of Shakki and Shīrvān, north of the Kura river. The contacts between Iran and the Khanates of Bākū and Qubba, however, were more tenuous and consisted mainly of maritime commercial links with Anzalī and Rasht. The effectiveness of these somewhat haphazard assertions of suzerainty depended on the ability of a particular Shah to make his will felt, and the determination of the local khans to evade obligations they regarded as onerous.
479:(1813). The Aras River was declared the new border between Iran and Russia. In articles 6–8, Iran agreed to pay reparations of 20 million rubles in silver and transferred to Russia the exclusive rights to maintain a Caspian fleet. In addition, the capitulatory rights guaranteed Russia preferential treatment for its exports, which generally were not competitive in European markets. In article 10, the shah recognized Russia's right to send consulate envoys to anywhere in Iran. The Treaty of Turkmenchay was the definite acknowledgement of the Persian loss of the Caucasus region to Russia.
103:
91:
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38:
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724:. Stephanie Cronin (ed.) London: Routledge, 2003, p. 81: “The context of this regime capitulations, of course, is that by the end of the reign of Fath Ali Shah (1798–1834), Iran could no longer defend its independence against the west.... For Iran this was a time of weakness, humiliation and soul-searching as Iranians sought to assert their dignity against overwhelming pressure from the expansionist west".
78:
1266:
1276:
1073:"However the result of the Treaty of Turkmenchay was a tragedy for the Azerbaijani people. It demarcated a borderline through their territory along the Araxes river, a border that still today divides the Azerbaijani people." in Svante Cornell, "Small nations and great powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus", Richmond: Curzon Press, 2001, p. 37.
980:"Griboedov not only extended protection to those Caucasian captives who sought to go home but actively promoted the return of even those who did not volunteer. Large numbers of Georgian and Armenian captives had lived in Iran since 1804 or as far back as 1795." Fisher, William Bayne;Avery, Peter; Gershevitch, Ilya; Hambly, Gavin; Melville, Charles.
491:
Even when rulers on the plateau lacked the means to effect suzerainty beyond the Aras, the neighboring
Khanates were still regarded as Iranian dependencies. Naturally, it was those Khanates located closest to the province of Āzarbāījān which most frequently experienced attempts to re-impose Iranian
504:
across the Aras, and the cis-Aras
Khanate of Ṭālish, with its administrative headquarters located at Lankarān and therefore very vulnerable to pressure, either from the direction of Tabrīz or Rasht. Beyond the Khanate of Qarābāgh, the Khān of Ganja and the Vāli of Gurjistān (ruler of the
437:
for any deed carried out during the war or during the temporary control of the region by
Russian troops. In addition, all inhabitants of the aforementioned district were given the right to move from Persian districts to Russian districts within one
575:, a celebrated Russian playwright. Griboyedov had played an active role in negotiating the terms of the treaty. As a sign of his apology for the murder of the Russian ambasador, the Shah of Iran gave the Russian Czar his most valuable
462:
to the
Caucasus, which also included an outright liberation of Armenians taken captive by Persia since 1804 or 1795. This resettlement replaced the 20,000 Armenians who moved to Georgia between 1795 and 1827.
1232:
275:. Similarly to the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan, the treaty was imposed on Persia following a Russian military victory. Paskievich threatened to occupy Tehran in five days unless the treaty was signed.
475:
Under article 4 of the treaty, Iran ceded sovereignty over the
Khanates of Yerevan, Nakchivan, Talysh, Ordubad, and Mughan in addition to regions that Russia had annexed under the
547:
By virtue of the 15th term of the Treaty of
Turkmenchay, Armenians from the Azerbaijan Province were given the freedom to emigrate to Russian-controlled territory north of the
1254:
567:
In the aftermath of the war and the signing of the treaty, anti-Russian sentiment in Persia was rampant. On 11 February 1829, an angry mob stormed the
Russian embassy in
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559:. Beginning in October 1829, 7,668 families immigrated to Russian Armenia; ultimately, 14,047 families consisting of 90,000–100,000 people had immigrated.
321:
to this day. Comprising most of the territory ceded in the
Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties, three separate nations would gain independence following the
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to this day. Comprising most of the territory ceded in
Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties, three separate nations would gain independence following the
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201:) signed between Qajar Iran and Imperial Russia that forced Persia to cede or recognize Russian influence over the territories that formerly were
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In combination with the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan, some authors have claimed that the two resulting Iranian territorial cessions separated the
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History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period: from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century
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as the heir to the throne of Persia on the death of Shah Fath Ali (the clause became moot when Abbas Mirza predeceased Shah Fath Ali).
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from their brethren in Iran. Following the two treaties, the formerly Iranian territories came under the Russian, and later the
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Michael P. Croissant, "The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: causes and implications", Praeger/Greenwood,1998 – Page 67:
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and killed almost everyone inside. Among those killed in the massacre was the newly-appointed ambassador to Persia,
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Article 15: Shah Fath Ali Shah promised not to charge or persecute any inhabitant or official in the region of
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551:. In the period 1828–1831 following Russia's annexation, 45,000 Armenians from Iran and 100,000 from the
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and Mughan regions (now also part of Azerbaijan) and also reiterated the cessions made to Russia in the
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The Politics of Demography: Misuse of Sources on the Armenian Population of Mountainous Karabakh
27:
Agreement between Qajar Iran and Imperial Russia that concluded the Russo-Persian War of 1826–28
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Republic of Dagestan, were Iranian until they were occupied by Russia during the 19th century.
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Following this treaty, as well as the Treaty of Gulistan, Russia completed its conquest of the
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Following the two treaties, the formerly Iranian territories came under Russian, and later
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995:"ФЭБ: Грибоедов. Записка о переселении армян из Персии в наши области. — 1917 (текст)"
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The historical homeland of the Talysh was divided between Russia and Iran in 1813
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Article 10: Russia gained the right to send consular envoys anywhere in Persia.
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102:
90:
63:
919:
Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia
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Article 10: both parties accept commercial treaties with detailed conditions.
783:
The newly independent states of Eurasia: handbook of former Soviet republics
1064:, ed. William Bayne Fisher (Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 145–146
1155:(Paperback ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 112–113.
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314:
283:
279:
1193:
Fisher, William Bayne; Avery, P.; Hambly, G. R. G; Melville, C. (1991).
362:
295:
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The Making of Modern Iran: State and Society Under Riza Shah 1921–1941
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Persia recognised capitulation rights for Russian subjects in Persia.
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257:
217:
213:
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Zirisnky, M. “Reza Shah’s abrogation of capitulation, 1927–1928” in
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Persia officially apologised for breaking its promises made in the
1122:
The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity
441:
393:
340:
332:
193:. It was second of the series of treaties (the first was the 1813
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Article 8: Persian ships lost full rights to navigate all of the
1265:
451:
1236:
851:
Russia and Iran in the great game: travelogues and orientalism
208:
The treaty was signed on 21 February 1828 (5 Sha'ban 1243) in
458:
Article 15 provided for the resettlement of Armenians from
220:). It made Persia cede the control of several areas in the
733:
236:. The boundary between Russia and Persia was set at the
689:
The History of Armenia: From the Origins to the Present
397:
in gold or 20 million silver rubles (in 1828 currency).
854:(reprint ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 6.
267:
and Allah-Yar Khan Asaf al-Daula, chancellor to Shah
263:
The treaty was signed for Persia by the Crown Prince
176:
156:
970:
https://www.hist.msu.ru/ER/Etext/FOREIGN/turkman.htm
810:
Energy and conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus
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69:
55:
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916:Ernest Meyer, Karl, Blair Brysac, Shareen (2006).
958:https://karabakh.org/treaties/turkmenchay-treaty/
752:Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition
325:in 1991: namely Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.
489:
473:
1178:H. Pir Nia, Abbas Eghbal Ashtiani, B. Agheli.
1152:The Great Game: On Secret Service in High Asia
1248:
8:
1531:Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war
1098:Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2003
942:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
901:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
833:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
645:. London: Longman, Green and Co. p. 90.
423:Article 13: prisoners-of-war were exchanged.
391:Article 6: Persia promised to pay Russia 10
30:
1119:Herzig, Edmund; Kurkchiyan, Marina (2005).
1026:Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies
411:and its coasts, which were given to Russia.
313:control for approximately 180 years, where
1255:
1241:
1233:
1044:. Rowman & Littlefield, 2015, p. 664.
786:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 98.
533:in 1991: Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.
525:remains a constituent republic within the
471:According to Prof. Alexander Mikaberidze:
317:remains a constituent republic within the
29:
1521:Russia and the Iran–Israel proxy conflict
984:Cambridge University Press, 1991. p. 339.
813:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 181.
521:control for approximately 180 years, and
446:"Treaty of Turkmanchay" memorial medals.
282:territories from Qajar Iran; what is now
1543:Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
692:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 111–112.
633:
935:
894:
878:The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilisation
875:Çiçek, Kemal, Kuran, Ercüment (2000).
826:
807:E. Ebel, Robert, Menon, Rajan (2000).
400:Article 7: Russia promised to support
353:The terms of the treaty are as follow
337:Persian payment of indemnity in Tabriz
1125:. Oxon: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 66.
7:
1307:Consulate General of Russia, Isfahan
681:
679:
643:The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus
543:Armenian Oblast § Demographics
381:(southeastern Azerbaijan), and the
146:
1620:19th century in the Russian Empire
1358:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
1149:(1991). "9: The Barometer Falls".
25:
1416:Persian Constitutional Revolution
1333:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1723)
1228:Text of the Treaty of Turkmenchay
1182:. Tehran, 2002. p. 673–686.
1560:
1559:
1536:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
1411:Russian conquest of the Caucasus
1274:
1264:
1042:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
345:Treaty of Turkmenchay Cannon in
101:
89:
76:
36:
531:dissolution of the Soviet Union
448:Museum of History of Azerbaijan
323:dissolution of the Soviet Union
244:, the south of the Republic of
1625:Treaties of the Russian Empire
1565:Category:Iran–Russia relations
1464:1908 bombardment of the Majlis
1454:1903 Isfahan anti-Baháʼí riots
371:Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
42:Signing ceremony of the treaty
1:
1630:Treaties of the Qajar dynasty
1431:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
1302:Ambassadors of Russia to Iran
1196:The Cambridge History of Iran
1062:The Cambridge History of Iran
982:The Cambridge History of Iran
361:(most of present-day central
191:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
1469:Russian occupation of Tabriz
780:L. Batalden, Sandra (1997).
662:. UNESCO. pp. 470–477.
492:suzerainty: the Khanates of
357:Article 4: Persia ceded the
271:, and for Russia by General
240:. These territories are now
1459:Siege of Tabriz (1908–1909)
1436:Iranian famine of 1942–1943
922:. Basic Books. p. 66.
563:Massacre at Russian embassy
181:) was an agreement between
177:
157:
108:Mirza Abolhassan Khan Ilchi
1671:
1605:19th century in Azerbaijan
1201:Cambridge University Press
1199:. Vol. 7. Cambridge:
1101:Taylor and Francis, 2003.
881:. University of Michigan.
540:
1610:History of Iğdır Province
1556:
1297:Embassy of Russia, Tehran
757:Columbia University Press
686:Simon, Payaslian (2008).
537:Repatriation of Armenians
485:Cambridge History of Iran
369:(most of the present-day
232:and the remainder of the
166:
35:
1585:Peace treaties of Russia
1343:Anglo-Russian Convention
1095:Swietochowski, Tadeusz.
1028:, (1996, 1997 ), p. 103.
848:Andreeva, Elena (2010).
603:Anglo-Russian Convention
1600:19th century in Armenia
1292:Embassy of Iran, Moscow
656:Adle, Chahryar (2005).
641:Baddeley, John (1908).
197:and the last, the 1881
178:Turkmanchayskiy dogovor
1590:Peace treaties of Iran
1505:Amir Kazim Mirza Qajar
1060:Gavin R.G. Hambly, in
747:Swietochowski, Tadeusz
598:Azerbaijan–Iran border
507:
481:
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350:
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189:, which concluded the
167:Туркманчайский договор
1635:Iran–Russia relations
1490:Mohammad Taqi Pessian
1426:Battle of Robat Karim
1338:Treaty of Turkmenchay
1271:Iran–Russia relations
1038:Alexander Mikaberidze
608:Iran–Russia relations
573:Aleksander Griboyedov
445:
344:
336:
158:Ahdnāme-ye Torkmânčây
139:Treaty of Turkmenchay
31:Treaty of Turkmenchay
1655:Iran–Russia treaties
1650:February 1828 events
1500:Ali Qulu Mirza Qajar
1363:Marine Security Belt
968:Russian translation
956:English translation
759:. pp. 69, 133.
1328:Treaty of Kurakchay
1018:Bournoutian, George
736:, pp. 329–330.
593:Armenia–Iran border
212:(a village between
32:
1640:Russo-Persian Wars
1526:Axis of Resistance
1379:Russo-Persian Wars
1323:Treaty of Gulistan
734:Fisher et al. 1991
623:Treaty of Gulistan
527:Russian Federation
511:Azerbaijani people
477:Treaty of Gulistan
460:Iranian Azerbaijan
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435:Iranian Azerbaijan
428:Treaty of Gulistan
387:Treaty of Gulistan
367:Nakhchivan Khanate
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319:Russian Federation
230:Nakhchivan Khanate
195:Treaty of Gulistan
18:Turkmenchay Treaty
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1348:Tehran Conference
1180:History of Persia
929:978-0-465-04576-1
888:978-975-6782-18-7
861:978-0-415-78153-4
820:978-0-7425-0063-1
793:978-0-89774-940-4
766:978-0-231-07068-3
699:978-0-230-60858-0
483:According to the
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409:Caspian Sea
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70:Signatories
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1579:Categories
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1004:2023-01-02
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286:, eastern
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1372:Conflicts
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