306:
stability while swimming. The carapaces are marked with a reticulate (net-like) pattern, which was likely to increase the structural integrity of the valves while remaining lightweight. The head had a anterior/ocular sclerite at the top, a single pair of large stalked eyes, and a pair of segmented antennae. The head also bore pairs of cephalic appendages, which have curved setae. The first two limb pairs, dubbed the "cephalothoracic legs" have 7 podomeres, with spinose endites, with the legs ending in a terminal claw. The basipods are greatly elongated, and bears 5 to 6
139:
1378:
121:
1391:
310:, which become spinose at their ends. It is unclear whether exopods are present on these limbs. There are likely 10 pairs of trunk legs excluding the cephalothoracic legs. These had seven podomeres, the first with a spinose endite, with the limb ending in a terminal claw, and a similarly elongated basipod, which had a spine proximal to that of the first podomere. These limbs likely had paddle-shaped
104:
294:
305:
are known to reach 18 cm (7.1 in) in length, suggesting a total body length of approximately 23 cm (9.1 in). Along the sides of the carapace a spiked ridge is present, and the edges and midline of the carapace are also spiked in many species. These spines likely functioned to aid
725:
284:
marine environments from what is now North
America, Australia, China, Europe and Siberia. The large, domed carapace reached lengths of 180 millimetres (7.1 in), making them amongst the largest known Cambrian arthropods.
329:
organism, due to their wide distribution. However, the soft tissues described in 2022 suggest an alternative interpretation as an animal that swam close to the seafloor (nektobenthic) as a predator or a scavenger.
1561:
1469:
775:"A new bivalved arthropod from the Cambrian (Stage 3) Qingjiang biota expands the palaeogeographical distribution and increases the diversity of Tuzoiidae"
1456:
1011:
941:
Chen, W. Y., Zhao, Y. L., Yang, X. L., and Wen, R. Q. (2017). Tuzoia
Walcott, 1912 from the Cambrian ‘Tsinghsutung Formation’ of Guzihou, China.
1556:
1052:
352:
by having a flat carapace. Their phylogenetic position was long uncertain due to the lack of soft tissue remains, a close relationship with
897:"The bivalved arthropod Tuzoia from the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of Guizhou, China, and new observations on comparative species"
1546:
835:"New Data on the Bivalved Arthropod Tuzoia From the Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) Guanshan Biota in Kunming, Yunnan, Southwest China"
1508:
578:
334:
was likely capable of walking along the seafloor with the carpace flexing outwards to allow the legs to contact the substrate.
1536:
957:"The first report of the bivalved arthropod Tuzoia from the Skryje–Týřovice Basin (Barrandian area, Czech Republic)"
726:"Soft-bodied biota from the middle Cambrian (Drumian) Rockslide Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada"
1045:
358:
was proposed based on similarities of their carapaces. However soft tissues described in 2022 suggest instead that
993:
Ivantsov, A. I., Zhuravlev, A. I., Krasilov, V. A., Leguta, A. V., Melnikova, L. M., Urbanek, A., et al. (2005).
397:
239:
216:
1377:
138:
895:
Wen, Rongqin; Babcock, Loren E.; Peng, Jin; Liu, Shuai; Liang, Boyan (November 2019). Sigwart, Julia (ed.).
730:
681:
554:
1023:
1541:
1411:
512:
342:
They were formerly considered to be the only members of the family
Tuzoiidae until 2022, when a new genus
1551:
1495:
1394:
1038:
675:
Vannier, J.; Caron, J.-B.; Yuan, J.-L.; Briggs, D. E. G.; Collins, D.; Zhao, Y.-L.; Zhu, M.-Y. (2007). "
500:
562:
1513:
1443:
968:
846:
786:
739:
690:
618:
566:
464:
1200:
1252:
1244:
468:
956:
924:
883:
The
Revision of Tuzoia and Longquania from Early Cambrian Guanshan Biota of Eastern Yunnan, China
810:
755:
706:
133:
773:
Ma, Jiaxin; Lin, Weiliang; Liu, Cong; Sun, Ao; Wu, Yu; Wu, Yuheng; Fu, Dongjing (January 2022).
1500:
1482:
1474:
916:
864:
802:
652:
634:
476:
1487:
1236:
976:
908:
854:
794:
747:
698:
642:
626:
542:
433:
273:
1259:
774:
448:
972:
896:
850:
790:
743:
694:
622:
120:
647:
606:
371:
1530:
1354:
1313:
928:
814:
759:
710:
488:
406:
61:
607:"The problematic Cambrian arthropod Tuzoia and the origin of mandibulates revisited"
1338:
1297:
1270:
1163:
1119:
1105:
1061:
472:
401:
367:
326:
225:
183:
980:
1327:
1221:
1170:
1155:
1094:
679:: morphology and lifestyle of a large bivalved arthropod of the Cambrian seas".
363:
325:
was likely an actively swimming organism. It had historically been considered a
103:
36:
1361:
1320:
1228:
1214:
1177:
1148:
1140:
1133:
1126:
859:
834:
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638:
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196:
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86:
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76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
798:
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630:
1461:
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751:
452:
91:
66:
995:
Unique Sinsk
Localities of Early Cambrian Organisms (Siberia Platform)
912:
1347:
1073:
354:
311:
307:
160:
1405:
885:. Published Master Degree thesis. China: Northwest University, 56. .
569:
of the Czech
Republic. As well as the Sinsk Lagerstatte of Siberia.
292:
605:
Izquierdo-López, Alejandro; Caron, Jean-Bernard (December 2022).
1448:
1409:
1034:
1030:
348:
was described from the
Cambrian of China, which differs from
370:, and that similarities to isoxyids may be due to retained
366:, as the earliest diverging member of a paraphyletic
1418:
1337:
1296:
1269:
1103:
997:. Moscow: Nauka. Rossiyskaya Akademia Nauk, 143. .
955:Fatka, Oldřich; Herynk, Jaroslav (October 2016).
1022:. Virtual Museum of Canada. 2011. Archived from
561:Indeterminate remains are also known from the
1046:
670:
668:
666:
314:. The body terminates with a large tail fan.
8:
724:Julien Kimmig & Brian R. Pratt (2015).
1406:
1111:
1053:
1039:
1031:
119:
102:
20:
858:
646:
276:) is an extinct genus of large bivalved
1562:Taxa named by Charles Doolittle Walcott
590:
7:
828:
826:
824:
600:
598:
596:
594:
386:, 2007, and subsequent literature:
533:Wulongqing Formation Yunnan, China
524:Wulongqing Formation Yunnan, China
14:
779:Journal of the Geological Society
1390:
1389:
1376:
833:Yichen, Wu; Jianni, Liu (2022).
137:
579:Paleobiota of the Burgess Shale
503:Liaoning, China (poorly known)
1:
1557:Fossil taxa described in 1912
32:Cambrian Series 2–Miaolingian
1020:Burgess Shale Fossil Gallery
981:10.1016/j.annpal.2016.10.002
515:Yunnan, China (poorly known)
431:Robison & Richards, 1981
254:
943:Acta Palaeontologica Sinica
297:Diagrammatic reconstruction
280:known from Early to Middle
1578:
1547:Cambrian genus extinctions
839:Frontiers in Earth Science
611:Royal Society Open Science
16:Extinct genus of arthropod
1385:
1374:
1114:
1068:
860:10.3389/feart.2022.862679
301:The largest carapaces of
252:
247:
231:
224:
134:Scientific classification
132:
127:
118:
110:
101:
23:
961:Annales de Paléontologie
901:Papers in Palaeontology
731:Journal of Paleontology
682:Journal of Paleontology
421:, Burgess Shale, Canada
555:Tsinghsutung Formation
522:Luo et Hu et al., 2006
298:
1537:Burgess Shale fossils
1496:Paleobiology Database
498:Resser and Endo, 1937
296:
537:Tuzoia lazizhaiensis
513:Wulongqing Formation
495:Tuzoia manchuriensis
272:, a mountain in the
1014:Tuzoia burgessensis
973:2016AnPal.102..219F
851:2022FrEaS..10.2679W
799:10.1144/jgs2020-229
791:2022JGSoc.179..229M
744:2015JPal...89...51K
703:10.1666/pleo05070.1
695:2007JPal...81..445V
631:10.1098/rsos.220933
623:2022RSOS....920933I
552:Chen and Zhao, 2017
528:Tuzoia multispinosa
479:, Pennsylvania, USA
446:Yuan and Zhao, 1999
409:, Canada, Utah, USA
785:(1): jgs2020–229.
752:10.1017/jpa.2014.5
549:Tuzoia jianheensis
501:Tangshih Formation
299:
1524:
1523:
1483:Open Tree of Life
1412:Taxon identifiers
1403:
1402:
1372:
1371:
913:10.1002/spp2.1262
563:Buchava Formation
553:
541:
532:
523:
511:
499:
487:
477:Kinzers Formation
463:
447:
432:
420:
405:
261:
260:
220:
128:Life restoration
1569:
1517:
1516:
1504:
1503:
1491:
1490:
1478:
1477:
1465:
1464:
1452:
1451:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1407:
1393:
1392:
1380:
1237:Pseudoarctolepis
1112:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1032:
1027:
998:
991:
985:
984:
952:
946:
939:
933:
932:
892:
886:
881:Zhao, J. (2015).
879:
873:
872:
862:
830:
819:
818:
770:
764:
763:
721:
715:
714:
672:
661:
660:
650:
602:
557:, Guzihou, China
551:
543:Balang Formation
540:Wen et al., 2019
539:
530:
521:
509:
497:
485:
483:Tuzoia australis
461:
445:
434:Marjum Formation
430:
418:
396:
362:was a member of
274:Canadian Rockies
215:
208:
195:
182:
142:
141:
123:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1442:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1414:
1404:
1399:
1381:
1368:
1333:
1292:
1265:
1260:Xiazhuangocaris
1108:
1099:
1064:
1059:
1010:
1007:
1002:
1001:
992:
988:
954:
953:
949:
940:
936:
894:
893:
889:
880:
876:
832:
831:
822:
772:
771:
767:
723:
722:
718:
674:
673:
664:
604:
603:
592:
587:
575:
567:Jince Formation
545:, Hunan, China.
519:Tuzoia tylodesa
507:Tuzoia sinensis
486:Glaessner, 1979
465:Eager Formation
449:Kaili Formation
380:
340:
320:
291:
243:
237:
234:Tuzoia retifera
214:
206:
193:
180:
136:
113:Tuzoia retifera
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
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49:
44:
39:
31:
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27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1575:
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1549:
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1539:
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1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1505:
1492:
1479:
1466:
1453:
1440:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1300:
1298:Protocarididae
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:on 2020-11-12.
1006:
1005:External links
1003:
1000:
999:
986:
967:(4): 219–224.
947:
945:56, 301–311. .
934:
907:(4): 719–742.
887:
874:
820:
765:
716:
689:(3): 445–471.
662:
617:(12): 220933.
589:
588:
586:
583:
582:
581:
574:
571:
559:
558:
546:
534:
525:
516:
504:
492:
480:
459:Tuzoia polleni
456:
437:
422:
410:
382:After Vannier
379:
376:
372:plesiomorphies
339:
336:
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2:
1574:
1563:
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1545:
1543:
1542:Wheeler Shale
1540:
1538:
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1506:
1502:
1497:
1493:
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1408:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1355:Pauloterminus
1352:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1314:Branchiocaris
1311:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1288:
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1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1201:Ovalicephalus
1197:
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1188:
1187:
1182:
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1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
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1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1078:Superphylum:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1033:
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1021:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1004:
996:
990:
987:
982:
978:
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962:
958:
951:
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944:
938:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
891:
888:
884:
878:
875:
870:
866:
861:
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852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
827:
825:
821:
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808:
804:
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766:
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741:
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733:
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601:
599:
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591:
584:
580:
577:
576:
572:
570:
568:
564:
556:
550:
547:
544:
538:
535:
529:
526:
520:
517:
514:
508:
505:
502:
496:
493:
490:
489:Emu Bay Shale
484:
481:
478:
474:
470:
466:
460:
457:
454:
450:
444:
441:
438:
435:
429:
426:
423:
417:
414:
411:
408:
407:Burgess Shale
403:
399:
395:
392:
389:
388:
387:
385:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
347:
346:
337:
335:
333:
328:
324:
317:
315:
313:
309:
304:
295:
288:
286:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
235:
230:
227:
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218:
213:
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205:
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201:
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192:
189:
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185:
179:
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166:
165:
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155:
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149:
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131:
126:
122:
117:
114:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1552:Hymenocarina
1419:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1258:
1253:Yunnanocaris
1251:
1245:Vermontcaris
1243:
1235:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1191:
1184:
1176:
1169:
1164:Forfexicaris
1162:
1154:
1147:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1120:Balhuticaris
1118:
1106:Hymenocarina
1090:
1062:Hymenocarina
1024:the original
1019:
1013:
994:
989:
964:
960:
950:
942:
937:
904:
900:
890:
882:
877:
842:
838:
782:
778:
768:
738:(1): 51–71.
735:
729:
719:
686:
680:
676:
614:
610:
560:
548:
536:
527:
518:
506:
494:
482:
473:Pioche Shale
469:Parker Shale
462:Resser, 1929
458:
442:
439:
427:
424:
419:Resser, 1929
416:burgessensis
415:
412:
393:
390:
383:
381:
368:Hymenocarina
359:
353:
349:
343:
341:
331:
322:
321:
302:
300:
264:
263:
262:
253:
233:
232:
226:Type species
210:
209:
184:Hymenocarina
112:
111:Carapace of
24:
18:
1328:Loricicaris
1222:Perspicaris
1171:Jugatacaris
1156:Fibulacaris
1095:Mandibulata
491:, Australia
471:, Vermont,
364:Mandibulata
289:Description
1531:Categories
1362:Synophalos
1321:Protocaris
1229:Plenocaris
1215:Pectocaris
1178:Nereocaris
1149:Erjiecaris
1141:Ercaicunia
1134:Clypecaris
1127:Canadaspis
1086:Arthropoda
845:: 862679.
585:References
531:Zhao, 2015
510:P'an, 1957
467:, Canada,
270:Mount Tuzo
171:Arthropoda
1339:Waptiidae
1271:Tuzoiidae
1208:Pakucaris
1186:Occacaris
1080:Ecdysozoa
1072:Kingdom:
929:199636059
921:2056-2802
869:2296-6463
815:236289449
807:0016-7649
760:130268424
711:197540482
639:2054-5703
475:, Nevada
443:bispinosa
436:Utah, USA
278:arthropod
197:Tuzoiidae
157:Kingdom:
151:Eukaryota
1429:Wikidata
1395:Category
1307:Tokummia
1287:Duplapex
1084:Phylum:
1074:Animalia
657:36483757
573:See also
428:guntheri
400:, 1912 (
394:retifera
345:Duplapex
338:Taxonomy
282:Cambrian
255:See text
248:Species
190:Family:
167:Phylum:
161:Animalia
147:Domain:
1514:1255775
1488:4707027
1475:1360720
1462:4667545
1449:4326942
1435:Q148514
1193:Odaraia
969:Bibcode
847:Bibcode
787:Bibcode
740:Bibcode
691:Bibcode
648:9727825
619:Bibcode
455:, China
453:Guizhou
398:Walcott
378:Species
327:pelagic
318:Ecology
312:exopods
308:endites
240:Walcott
217:Walcott
203:Genus:
177:Order:
1420:Tuzoia
1348:Waptia
1280:Tuzoia
927:
919:
867:
813:
805:
758:
709:
677:Tuzoia
655:
645:
637:
440:Tuzoia
425:Tuzoia
413:Tuzoia
391:Tuzoia
384:et al.
360:Tuzoia
355:Isoxys
350:Tuzoia
332:Tuzoia
323:Tuzoia
303:Tuzoia
268:(from
265:Tuzoia
242:, 1912
219:, 1912
211:Tuzoia
25:Tuzoia
1509:WoRMS
1501:22093
1470:IRMNG
1091:Clade
925:S2CID
811:S2CID
756:S2CID
707:S2CID
1457:GBIF
917:ISSN
865:ISSN
803:ISSN
653:PMID
635:ISSN
565:and
402:type
37:PreꞒ
1444:EoL
977:doi
965:102
909:doi
855:doi
795:doi
783:179
748:doi
699:doi
643:PMC
627:doi
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915:.
903:.
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853:.
843:10
841:.
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823:^
809:.
801:.
793:.
781:.
777:.
754:.
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736:89
734:.
728:.
705:.
697:.
687:81
685:.
665:^
651:.
641:.
633:.
625:.
613:.
609:.
593:^
451:,
374:.
87:Pg
1365:?
1250:?
1242:?
1234:?
1198:?
1183:?
1161:?
1146:?
1054:e
1047:t
1040:v
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905:5
871:.
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817:.
797::
789::
762:.
750::
742::
713:.
701::
693::
659:.
629::
621::
615:9
404:)
207:†
194:†
181:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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