583:. The convenient death of King Stephen also somewhat neutralized the threat posed by his intriguing mother, Queen Kujava. The Ottomans found little time to interfere with Tvrtko's government in the following five years, giving him time to strengthen the kingdom's economy, with mines reaching the height of their productivity and the number of foreign merchants considerably increasing. In 1422 Tvrtko signed a beneficial trade treaty with the Republic of Venice in December 1422, and discussed a range of plans for joint military action against Sigismund in Dalmatia. He was obliged, however to renounce the Bosnian claim to
524:. His alliance with the Turks may be due to their mutual hostility towards Sigismund. Pavle Radenović immediately declared for Tvrtko, but no other major nobleman appears to have followed his example – not even Hrvoje. Ragusa tried to maintain cordial relations with both men, calling Tvrtko king out of fear of the Turks but addressing Ostoja as the "rightful king". In the following skirmishes the Turks replaced Sigismund as the greatest external influence in the country, but proved to have no intention to actually restore Tvrtko on the throne. Pavle's support was not enough to achieve this goal.
1967:
640:
455:
1960:
665:, but was first and foremost a Hungarian count whose kingship was very undesirable to Bosnian nobility. Vuk Banić again presented himself as pretender, and Tvrtko realized that the tide was turning against him. He decided to push the alliance with Hungarian even further, not only recognizing Hermann as his heir presumptive in the fall of 1427, but also negotiating a Hungarian marriage. The chosen bride was
333:
40:
744:, Radivoj's younger brother and likewise an illegitimate son of Ostoja. Hermann II of Celje had died in 1435, and his heirs made no attempt to enforce the 1427 succession agreement. Given that the succession went smoothly, it can be assumed that Tvrtko actively worked on securing Thomas's accession, probably in order to ensure that his patrimony would not pass to the detested Radivoj.
470:– tossed over the city walls. Tvrtko is said to have been captured as well, but this does not appear to be true, as he demanded the customary tribute from the Ragusans in February 1409. The hostilities continued until the end of November, with Tvrtko retreating southwards with his noblemen and resisting Hungarian attacks, which enabled Ostoja to reestablish control over
512:
442:, Tvrtko gained recognition as legitimate king from both states. By 1406, Ostoja was losing what little support he had left in Bosnia, with the nobility now unanimously favouring Tvrtko, but the former king's decision to remain in the country continued to trouble Tvrtko. Ragusans described the beginning of Tvrtko II's reign as more tumultuous than anything "since the
757:
478:
Bosnian noblemen. Tvrtko and
Sandalj remained in Ladislaus' camp, which led to a civil war. Ostoja seized the opportunity to try to reclaim the throne, but Sigismund too intended to have himself crowned King of Bosnia "in the solemn manner of Tvrtko I". Sigismund's claim to Bosnia, derived from his agreement with the
696:, but soon found that Sandalj had become too ill to support Radivoj's cause. Đurađ Branković, satisfied with annexing the lands Tvrtko had confiscated from the Zlatonosović family, also lost interest in Radivoj. The Ottomans, however, pursued Radivoj's claim and took possession of Bobovac in his name in 1434.
519:
In early 1413, Hrvoje angered
Sigismund by plundering Sandalj's lands. Their relationship deteriorated to the point when Hrvoje found it necessary to turn to the Turks for help. First Turkish troops brought terror to Bosnia in May 1414; in August they also brought the deposed monarch, Tvrtko, and set
487:
Tvrtko remained on the throne until mid-1409, when Ostoja prevailed. Sigismund's claim became untenable, but
Bosnians acknowledged his overlordship over Ostoja; only Tvrtko refused to submit to the King of Hungary. He appears to have evaded capture by Hungarian troops by fleeing to the mountains of
374:
concluded with the election of Tvrtko II, who had been completely ignored in the previous royal elections. It is not known who advocated his accession, but he must have owed it to Hrvoje and
Sandalj. The choice was likely helped by Tvrtko II's parentage, as well as the expectance that he would not
732:
Radivoj styled himself as King of Bosnia for the remainder of Tvrtko II's reign. He was nominally supported by the Turks and by
Stjepan Vukčić Kosača; they could have easily deposed Tvrtko in his favour if they wished, but it appears that their only goal was to weaken and divide Bosnia for their
784:
between 23 and 31 July 1428, and the marriage lasted until her death in
September 1438. The sources do not mention that the couple had any children, but archaeological excavations in the royal chapel in Bobovac during the second half of the 20th century confirmed the existence of a child's tomb
647:
In 1425, Tvrtko realized that he needed a strong ally in the event of further
Turkish attacks. Aware that he could not count on Venice, he decided to improve relations with Hungary, which resulted in a treaty the same or the following year. The Ottomans responded with severe attacks that forced
764:
Stephen Tvrtko II was married during his first reign; his wife was mentioned by the
Ragusans in 1409 as "the Queen, wife of King Tvrtko of Bosnia", but her name was not recorded. During his second reign, he considered it very important to marry a Catholic noblewoman and entertained the idea of
566:
Ivko, and voivod Pavao
Jurjević. By the end of the year Tvrtko had completely ousted Stephen, who continued to advance his claim until the summer of 1421. He appears to have died soon after. The internal troubles forced the Ottomans to withdraw their troops from Bosnia, which enabled Tvrtko to
532:
in August 1415 saw the disastrous defeat of
Sigismund's army. Contrary to expectations, however, the Turks recognized Ostoja as legitimate king. Tvrtko lost his ground, while the united Bosnians for the first time shifted their allegiance from Hungary to the Ottomans. After Pavle Radenović was
477:
By January 1409, the news of King Ladislaus' intention to sell his rights to Dalmatia to Venice had reached Hrvoje, who had been promised the land as governor in Ladislaus' name. Hrvoje no longer had reason to support Ladislaus against Sigismund and made peace with the latter, followed by most
527:
With Turkish raids against Bosnia and at times against his own regions of Croatia and Dalmatia continuing, Sigismund decided to take action and mobilize his army. While Tvrtko hoped for a Turkish victory, Ostoja expected that a Hungarian triumph would rid him of Turkish raiders and secure his
611:. The Turks proceeded to raid Bosnia in the spring of 1424, just enough to make it clear to Tvrtko that close relations with Venice would not be tolerated. Tvrtko understood that Venice would not be able to provide him with help against the Turks, and thus slowly dismantled their alliance.
545:
was elected king. When the Turks broke into the kingdom in early 1420, Tvrtko once again accompanied them and installed himself as anti-king. Sandalj immediately declared for him. Fearing the Ottomans, Sandalj's example was soon followed by other noblemen. In June Tvrtko convoked a
390:
were captured and restored to Ostoja. All major Bosnian noble families remained loyal to Tvrtko, while Ostoja functioned as Sigismund's puppet whose territory included little more than Bobovac. The fortress, however, housed the crown, which Tvrtko was not able to reach.
578:
Tvrtko's second reign was marked by his quick resolution to restore royal authority and the king's pre-eminence among Bosnia's feudal rulers. With Hrvoje and Pavle gone, and Sandalj preoccupied by conflict with Pavle's sons, Tvrtko was able to significantly expand the
747:
Tvrtko II maintained himself on the Bosnian throne longer than any of the monarchs who followed Tvrtko I. He also did more to restore royal dignity and centralize the state than any other, leaving a strong mark on Bosnia's politics, economy and culture.
465:
Hungarian attacks on Bosnia took place annually, making Tvrtko's life "a constant hassle". The conflict culminated in September 1408, when Sigismund achieved a decisive victory over Tvrtko's troops: 170 minor noblemen were captured and killed in
652:
and to agree to paying an annual tribute. The Turks departed in 1426, and he became even more desperate to form an alliance with Hungary. Tvrtko's unfavourable position enabled Sigismund to demand the recognition of the latter's father-in-law,
394:
Much like they intended, Tvrtko II's first reign was marked by an absolute domination of Sandalj and Hrvoje over the entire kingdom. Tvrtko authorized Hrvoje to settle disputes and issue orders in his name, and for a while, as a
796:. The head of the Bosnian Church was always favoured by Tvrtko, and exerted significant influence on the matters of state, serving as Tvrtko's adviser even in 1428, while Tvrtko was trying to present himself as a good Catholic.
602:
Tvrtko's association with Venice bothered not only Ragusa, but also the Turks; the former resented losing their monopoly on trade, while the latter's poor relationship with Venice was the result of territorial dispute over
533:
assassinated in retribution for his support of Tvrtko, the latter again disappeared from spotlight. Ostoja's position became even stronger when he made peace with Pavle's sons and with Hrvoje's death the following year.
496:; at the time he still resided in Bosnia. After that Tvrtko faded into obscurity and had no part in Bosnian affairs for several years. He is known to have lived in 1414 near the Republic of Ragusa, on lands belonging to
614:
Although the cooling of Tvrtko's relations with Venice suited Ragusa, another incident guaranteed that the city-state and the King would not be on friendly terms for some more time. In 1424, a kinsman of Tvrtko named
305:. If Tvrtko II is the son his father mentioned in this charter, his birth would have had to have taken place between 1375 (Tvrtko I and Dorothea having married in December 1374) and the date the charter was issued.
719:
in 1435. Radivoj ceased being a threat when he lost the Ottoman support that year, while Sandalj's death presented Tvrtko with a new and more vital rebellious vassal in the form of Sandalj's nephew and successor,
245:. Five years later, he lost the support of the nobility and thus the crown as well. He was hardly politically active during the second reign of Ostoja, but managed to depose and succeed Ostoja's son
419:' claim to the Hungarian throne, Tvrtko became even more of a thorn in Sigismund's side. The struggle between Ostoja and Tvrtko II for the Bosnian crown thus represents a phase of a much broader
293:(Tvrtko the Plain), claimed that he was born to Tvrtko I's concubine, a Bosnian noblewoman named Vukosava, and this view was taken for granted by subsequent writers. In the 19th century,
308:
King Tvrtko I died unexpectedly in March 1391, shortly after Queen Dorothea. The Council of the Kingdom, composed of the country's most prominent noblemen, elected his elderly relative,
619:
unsuccessfully attempted to usurp the throne with the help of Tvrtko's aunt, Queen Kujava, who wished to avenge her son's deposition. Ragusa had a long-standing tradition of granting
715:, but he lost it all as soon as they retreated. In fact, he himself appears to have left with the troops on their way back to Hungary, as he is known to have resided at the court in
677:
voiced their opposition by shunning the wedding festivities in 1428. Tvrtko eventually reconciled with Sandalj, but took action against the Zlatonosovićs and confiscated their land.
688:, Sandalj and the Ottomans helped Radivoj lay claim to the throne and take control of much of the country. Tvrtko's only noteworthy support came from Hrvoje's nephew and successor,
370:
was held to elect Ostoja's successor at the end of May. Ragusan authorities proposed Hrvoje or, alternatively, the exiled nobleman Pavle Radišić as the next king. Unexpectedly, the
631:. The local Ragusan merchants assisted the Serbs, and the project failed; Stefan's victorious troops went on to plunder Tvrtko's realm when the Turks retreated from their land.
407:, in 1405, after which it never returned to royal domain. Sandalj, on the other hand, seized the opportunity to take over the land that belonged to Ostoja's favourites, the
320:. Ostoja's exact relationship with the preceding kings and Tvrtko II has been a matter of dispute, with many historians assuming that he was an illegitimate son of Tvrtko I.
733:
future benefit. While Stjepan was trying to expand his territory at the expense of Zeta in 1443, Tvrtko took advantage of his absence and the Ottoman concern with the
1904:
2205:
623:
to members of ruling families, and did not fail to accommodate Vuk when he sought sanctuary. The same year, while the Turks were raiding the neighbouring
324:, however, showed that both Dabiša and Ostoja described Tvrtko I in charters as their brother. No records of Tvrtko II's life during this period survive.
312:, as his successor, rather than the deceased King's son, who was too young at the time. Upon Dabiša's death in 1395, the noblemen elected his widow,
2175:
344:
King Ostoja alienated the nobility by attempting to assert his independence from them. In March 1404, he fell out with his most powerful vassals,
2126:
1000:
740:
Tvrtko died childless in November 1443, having expressed wish to be succeeded by his politically inactive and until then rather obscure cousin
662:
378:
In June, Tvrtko's supporters defeated a Hungarian army and thus prevented Ostoja from reclaiming the crown, but the chief royal residence of
301:. Klaić cited as evidence Tvrtko I's charter of 1382, in which the King mentioned Queen Dorothea and an unnamed son to the government of the
2195:
575:
in August 1421. After the formal investiture he finally confirmed his predecessors' charters and privileges granted to Ragusan merchants.
1897:
1799:
1780:
1748:
2039:
785:
located between the tombs of the royal couple, indicating that they might have had a child who died in infancy or early childhood.
2190:
2095:
345:
234:
627:, Tvrtko decided to reclaim Srebrenica, which had been seized by Sigismund in 1411 and granted to his ally, the Serbian ruler
567:
strengthen his hold on the kingdom and for its economy to recover. Tvrtko's second accession had to be legitimized with a new
257:, another son of Ostoja. Tvrtko was married twice, but died childless. He was succeeded by his chosen heir, Radivoj's brother
2185:
1890:
721:
699:
After years of pleading for their help, Tvrtko finally saw Hungarians march into Bosnia in mid-1434. They recovered for him
492:. In December Ragusan officials wrote letters to him and his wife (of whom nothing is known) in response to his request of
2144:
551:
2024:
1846:
555:
104:
285:, where it was often hard to discern between legitimate and illegitimate offspring. The 16th-century Ragusan historian
2200:
2014:
349:
238:
1934:
562:
Juraj Vojsalić, knez Pribić, knez Radič Radojević, knez Batić Mirković, knez Juraj Dragičević, knez Petar Klešić,
2170:
1944:
1929:
904:
2210:
2019:
1939:
815:
741:
242:
685:
792:
for their socio-political engagements in Bosnia, but no more than high-ranking officials of the "heretical"
493:
443:
363:
278:
191:
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215:
1966:
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584:
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1913:
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2111:
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the greatest landowners in the southern part of the kingdom. When Hrvoje induced him to support King
298:
249:. Tvrtko's second reign was marked by repeated Turkish raids, which forced him to accept the Ottoman
229:. His reigns took place during a very turbulent part of Bosnian history. He was first installed as a
169:
689:
2121:
2090:
2070:
1981:
1127:
919:
654:
628:
624:
596:
501:
416:
1741:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
1727:
592:
2009:
1949:
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568:
431:
302:
158:
2139:
2116:
1141:
684:, the elder illegitimate son of the long-deceased Ostoja. In 1432, Stefan Lazarević's successor
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542:
497:
459:
408:
362:
was convoked in which the nobility deposed Ostoja, who fled to the court of the Hungarian king,
294:
246:
616:
2075:
1862:
1795:
1776:
1744:
1148:
692:, and he thus managed to retain only the central and northwestern Bosnia. Tvrtko retreated to
681:
639:
541:
Ostoja died in September 1418. Despite expectations that Tvrtko would take over, Ostoja's son
427:
403:. The King probably had no choice but to grant to Hrvoje Bosnia's most lucrative mining town,
321:
281:
of his birth, is disputed. The uncertainty also stems from the complex religious situation in
254:
179:
2034:
1874:
1836:
1819:
1155:
1022:
734:
658:
620:
588:
383:
317:
258:
114:
78:
68:
2134:
2060:
788:
Tvrtko was a Roman Catholic, but only because it suited him to be one. He appreciated the
529:
446:", but he soon succeeded in uniting the country by bringing together his feuding vassals.
282:
454:
2080:
1959:
1853:
1826:
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712:
471:
274:
219:
50:
587:
under Venetian rule. His attempts to find a suitable Catholic bride from the Venetian
2164:
773:
666:
505:
359:
337:
226:
148:
136:
769:. The collapse of his alliance with Venice meant that the plan was never realized.
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580:
400:
313:
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39:
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550:, and Ragusa recognized him as king. He had support of almost all nobility in
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in 1394, was recognized by Hrvoje, while Sandalj crossed over to Ostoja.
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position against both his rival and his ambitious magnates. The
1886:
737:
to attack his land, but Stjepan returned in time to defend it.
776:, but not before assuring the papacy of his commitment to the
661:
to the childless king. Hermann was the son of Tvrtko's aunt
1347:
1775:(in Serbo-Croatian). Rome: Croatian Historical Institute.
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Bosnia in the first decades of the 15th century, with the
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Bosna i Hercegovina: Etnička povijest Bosne i Hercegovine
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1411:
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The Kingdom of Bosnia and the Despotate of Serbia in 1422
504:. Another possibility is that he sought shelter with the
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Tvrtko II Tvrtković: Bosna u prvoj polovini xv stoljeća
1635:
1633:
1631:
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1625:
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1621:
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argued that Tvrtko II's mother was his father's wife,
1794:(in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Institut za istoriju.
222:
from 1404 to 1409 and again from 1420 to his death.
423:between the supporters of Sigismund and Ladislaus.
209:
199:
2104:
2048:
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1974:
1920:
772:Tvrtko eventually married the Hungarian noblewoman
399:, he had his court in Hrvoje's land near the river
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680:Vuk never posed as much threat to Tvrtko as would
316:. Three years later, they ousted her in favour of
352:. At the end of April or the beginning of May, a
1764:Royal Highness and the Monastery of St. Nicholas
241:, to replace his increasingly independent uncle
1734:(in Serbo-Croatian). Srpska književna zadruga.
1898:
8:
277:. The identity of his mother, and thus the
1905:
1891:
1883:
1808:
599:, were promising, but never materialized.
38:
29:
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426:Following a few minor disputes with the
204:; died in November 1443), also known as
1760:Kraljevsko Visoko i samostan sv. Nikole
1294:
1188:
458:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić as depicted in
2122:Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary and Poland
1732:Историја средњовековне босанске државе
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806:
7:
1639:
1351:
1243:
1766:]. Sarajevo: Daniela A. Kajona.
233:by the kingdom's leading noblemen,
2206:Burials in Royal Chapel on Bobovac
765:choosing a bride from the Italian
253:, and the struggle for power with
25:
375:hinder the nobility's autonomy.
1965:
1958:
1743:. University of Michigan Press.
2176:15th-century monarchs in Europe
1739:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994).
760:Reconstructed chapel in Bobovac
500:, the brother of Ostoja's wife
2135:Maria, Countess of Helfenstein
210:
1:
2127:Catherine, Countess of Cilli
571:, which took place during a
2196:15th-century Bosnian people
2227:
780:. The wedding was held in
2131:Helen, Duchess of Troppau
2105:Other significant members
1956:
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891:
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867:
865:
863:
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855:
853:
591:through the mediation of
269:Tvrtko II was the son of
225:Tvrtko II was the son of
200:
37:
1771:Mandić, Dominik (1960).
1758:Jelenić, Julian (1906).
2191:Roman Catholic monarchs
1790:Živković, Pavo (1981).
648:Tvrtko to accept their
515:Sigismund of Luxembourg
364:Sigismund of Luxembourg
346:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić
235:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić
214:), was a member of the
761:
644:
516:
494:Saint Demetrius income
462:
341:
195:
778:Roman Catholic Church
759:
722:Stjepan Vukčić Kosača
642:
514:
457:
350:Sandalj Hranić Kosača
335:
239:Sandalj Hranić Kosača
201:Стјепан/Стефан Твртко
196:Stjepan/Stefan Tvrtko
2112:Vladislav Kotromanić
2056:Dorothea of Bulgaria
1992:Dorothea of Bulgaria
1987:Elizabeth of Kuyavia
299:Dorothea of Bulgaria
170:Dorothea of Bulgaria
2145:Catherine Tomašević
1982:Elizabeth of Serbia
675:Zlatonosović family
655:Hermann II of Celje
625:Despotate of Serbia
597:Archbishop of Split
417:Ladislaus of Naples
216:House of Kotromanić
2201:Dethroned monarchs
2186:Kotromanić dynasty
1975:Banesses of Bosnia
1914:Kotromanić dynasty
1690:, p. 120-124.
1354:, p. 463-464.
1246:, p. 453-458.
767:House of Malatesta
762:
673:. Sandalj and the
669:, daughter of the
645:
635:Hungarian alliance
517:
463:
428:maritime republics
411:, thus making the
342:
303:Republic of Ragusa
159:Tvrtko I of Bosnia
2158:
2157:
2040:Stephen Tomašević
2030:Stephen Tvrtko II
2003:(1377–1463)
1923:(1254–1377)
1881:
1880:
1872:Succeeded by
1834:Succeeded by
1591:, p. 83, 84.
1181:
1180:
558:, mayor Dragiša,
188:Stephen Tvrtko II
185:
184:
180:Roman Catholicism
44:Coin of Tvrtko II
16:(Redirected from
2218:
2171:Bosnian monarchs
2096:Jelena Branković
2071:Kujava Radinović
2049:Queens of Bosnia
2010:Stephen Tvrtko I
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1844:Preceded by
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1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1349:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1208:
1202:
804:
803:
735:Crusade of Varna
659:heir presumptive
629:Stefan Lazarević
621:political asylum
589:Malatesta family
585:Dalmatian cities
434:and Ragusa over
213:
212:
211:Твртко Твртковић
206:Tvrtko Tvrtković
203:
202:
42:
30:
21:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2211:Kings of Bosnia
2161:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2150:Matija Sabančić
2140:Radivoj Ostojić
2100:
2091:Katarina Kosača
2061:Helen of Bosnia
2044:
2025:Stephen Ostojić
2002:
2001:Kings of Bosnia
1996:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1922:
1916:
1911:
1877:
1859:
1857:
1849:
1847:Stephen Ostojić
1839:
1830:
1822:
1802:
1789:
1783:
1770:
1757:
1751:
1738:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1619:
1611:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1358:
1350:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1190:
1186:
802:
754:
730:
637:
539:
530:Battle of Doboj
498:Pavle Radenović
460:Hrvoje's Missal
452:
409:Sanković family
340:in olive green.
330:
295:Vjekoslav Klaić
283:medieval Bosnia
267:
218:who reigned as
105:Stephen Ostojić
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:Dorothea Garai
2078:
2076:Jelena Nelipić
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2035:Stephen Thomas
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Stephen Ostoja
2017:
2015:Stephen Dabiša
2012:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1921:Bans of Bosnia
1918:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1854:King of Bosnia
1850:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1827:King of Bosnia
1823:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1812:Regnal titles
1807:
1806:
1800:
1787:
1781:
1768:
1755:
1749:
1736:
1728:Ćirković, Sima
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1714:, p. 218.
1704:
1702:, p. 187.
1692:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1642:, p. 472.
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1432:, p. 211.
1422:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1356:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1272:
1270:, p. 305.
1260:
1258:, p. 248.
1248:
1236:
1224:
1209:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:
926:
924:
922:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
879:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
845:
843:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
813:
811:
809:
807:
801:
798:
794:Bosnian Church
753:
750:
729:
726:
713:Komotin Castle
690:Juraj Vojsalić
636:
633:
538:
535:
472:Central Bosnia
451:
448:
329:
326:
322:Dominik Mandić
275:King of Bosnia
266:
263:
220:King of Bosnia
192:Serbo-Croatian
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
51:King of Bosnia
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
27:King of Bosnia
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2223:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1810:
1803:
1801:0-472-08260-4
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1782:0-472-08260-4
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1750:0-472-08260-4
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1712:Živković 1981
1708:
1705:
1701:
1700:Živković 1981
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:Živković 1981
1684:
1681:
1677:
1676:Živković 1981
1672:
1669:
1666:, p. 91.
1665:
1664:Živković 1981
1660:
1657:
1654:, p. 86.
1653:
1652:Živković 1981
1648:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1615:, p. 85.
1614:
1613:Živković 1981
1609:
1606:
1603:, p. 84.
1602:
1601:Živković 1981
1597:
1594:
1590:
1589:Živković 1981
1585:
1582:
1579:, p. 82.
1578:
1577:Živković 1981
1573:
1570:
1567:, p. 79.
1566:
1565:Živković 1981
1561:
1558:
1555:, p. 76.
1554:
1553:Živković 1981
1549:
1546:
1543:, p. 75.
1542:
1541:Živković 1981
1537:
1534:
1531:, p. 73.
1530:
1529:Živković 1981
1525:
1522:
1519:, p. 72.
1518:
1517:Živković 1981
1513:
1510:
1507:, p. 71.
1506:
1505:Živković 1981
1501:
1498:
1495:, p. 69.
1494:
1493:Živković 1981
1489:
1486:
1483:, p. 68.
1482:
1481:Živković 1981
1477:
1474:
1471:, p. 63.
1470:
1469:Živković 1981
1465:
1463:
1459:
1456:, p. 62.
1455:
1454:Živković 1981
1450:
1447:
1444:, p. 61.
1443:
1442:Živković 1981
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:Ćirković 1964
1426:
1423:
1420:, p. 60.
1419:
1418:Živković 1981
1414:
1412:
1408:
1405:, p. 59.
1404:
1403:Živković 1981
1399:
1396:
1393:, p. 47.
1392:
1391:Živković 1981
1387:
1384:
1381:, p. 41.
1380:
1379:Živković 1981
1375:
1372:
1369:, p. 42.
1368:
1367:Živković 1981
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1321:, p. 25.
1320:
1319:Živković 1981
1315:
1312:
1309:, p. 21.
1308:
1307:Živković 1981
1303:
1300:
1297:, p. 29.
1296:
1291:
1288:
1285:, p. 24.
1284:
1283:Živković 1981
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1234:, p. 13.
1233:
1232:Živković 1981
1228:
1225:
1222:, p. 23.
1221:
1220:Živković 1981
1216:
1214:
1210:
1207:, p. 22.
1206:
1205:Živković 1981
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1178:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1084:
1076:
1074:
1051:
1049:
1024:
1009:
1002:
998:
995:
979:
977:
976:
965:
957:
955:
947:
945:
932:
930:
921:
906:
902:
899:
883:
881:
880:
869:
861:
859:
851:
849:
846:
844:
817:
805:
799:
797:
795:
791:
786:
783:
779:
775:
774:Dorothy Garai
770:
768:
758:
752:Personal life
751:
749:
745:
743:
738:
736:
727:
725:
723:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
667:Dorothy Garai
664:
660:
656:
651:
641:
634:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
612:
610:
606:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
576:
574:
570:
565:
561:
557:
556:voivod Vukmir
553:
549:
544:
536:
534:
531:
525:
523:
513:
509:
507:
506:Ottoman Turks
503:
499:
495:
491:
485:
483:
482:
475:
473:
469:
461:
456:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
392:
389:
385:
381:
376:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
347:
339:
338:royal demesne
334:
327:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
291:Tuartco Scuro
289:, writing of
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:King Tvrtko I
223:
221:
217:
207:
197:
193:
189:
181:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
145:
141:
138:
137:Dorothy Garai
135:
131:
128:November 1443
127:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2117:Jelena Šubić
2029:
1867:
1865:as anti-king
1860:
1852:
1825:
1791:
1772:
1763:
1759:
1740:
1731:
1721:Bibliography
1707:
1695:
1683:
1678:, p. 9.
1671:
1659:
1647:
1608:
1596:
1584:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1488:
1476:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1314:
1302:
1295:Jelenić 1906
1290:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1227:
787:
771:
763:
746:
739:
731:
698:
679:
671:Ban of Usora
646:
613:
601:
593:Peter of Pag
581:royal domain
577:
572:
554:, including
547:
540:
537:Second reign
526:
518:
486:
479:
476:
464:
425:
393:
377:
371:
367:
353:
343:
307:
290:
287:Mavro Orbini
273:, the first
268:
224:
205:
187:
186:
85:Second reign
2181:1443 deaths
1935:Prijezda II
1268:Mandić 1960
1256:Mandić 1960
800:Family tree
790:Franciscans
397:puppet king
328:First reign
231:puppet king
101:Predecessor
96:August 1421
65:Predecessor
57:First reign
2165:Categories
1945:Stephen II
1930:Prijezda I
1184:References
905:Stephen II
728:Later life
650:suzerainty
569:coronation
520:him up as
405:Srebrenica
279:legitimacy
265:Background
251:suzerainty
149:Kotromanić
93:Coronation
1940:Stephen I
1868:(1433-35)
1640:Fine 1994
1352:Fine 1994
1244:Fine 1994
1135:Tvrtko II
1001:Catherine
920:Vladislav
816:Stephen I
663:Catherine
617:Vuk Banić
522:anti-king
490:Zachlumia
488:northern
421:civil war
388:Srebrenik
168:possibly
111:Successor
88:1420–1443
75:Successor
60:1404–1409
33:Tvrtko II
18:Tvrtko II
1950:Tvrtko I
1831:1404–09
1730:(1964).
1008:Tvrtko I
782:Milodraž
711:and the
705:Hodidjed
450:Downfall
386:town of
382:and the
366:. A new
271:Tvrtko I
176:Religion
1863:Radivoj
1858:1420–43
1149:Radivoj
1142:Stephen
1128:Hermann
682:Radivoj
605:Albania
543:Stephen
440:Pomorje
436:Konavli
413:Kosačas
380:Bobovac
255:Radivoj
247:Stephen
2086:Vojača
2066:Vitača
1875:Thomas
1837:Ostoja
1820:Ostoja
1798:
1779:
1747:
1156:Thomas
1023:Ostoja
742:Thomas
694:Visoko
573:stanak
564:voivod
552:Visoko
548:stanak
502:Kujava
432:Venice
384:Usoran
372:stanak
368:stanak
355:stanak
318:Ostoja
310:Dabiša
259:Thomas
243:Ostoja
165:Mother
155:Father
133:Spouse
115:Thomas
79:Ostoja
69:Ostoja
1861:with
1762:[
709:Bočac
701:Jajce
686:Đurađ
657:, as
481:Rusag
468:Dobor
444:Flood
314:Helen
144:House
1796:ISBN
1777:ISBN
1745:ISBN
717:Buda
609:Zeta
607:and
560:knez
438:and
401:Sana
360:Mile
348:and
237:and
125:Died
430:of
358:in
2167::
1620:^
1461:^
1410:^
1359:^
1326:^
1275:^
1212:^
1191:^
724:.
707:,
703:,
595:,
508:.
474:.
261:.
198:,
194::
1906:e
1899:t
1892:v
1804:.
1785:.
1753:.
208:(
190:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
