621:, an honour that guaranteed them sanctuary in Venice in case of necessity but also obligated Tvrtko to protect Venetian merchants. Various charters issued by the previous bans of Bosnia, and confirmed by Tvrtko on his accession, promised the same protection to Ragusan merchants. In late 1365, however, both republics complained to Tvrtko about the treatment of their merchants by his vassals. Evidently, the Ban had lost control over his feudatories. The anarchy escalated, and in February of the following year, the magnates revolted against Tvrtko and dethroned him. Little is known about the circumstances under which Tvrtko was deposed. Accusing the magnates of treachery against "foremostly God" and himself, Tvrtko fled Bosnia with his mother. He was replaced by his younger brother, who had hitherto functioned as "junior ban". Vuk's personal role in the rebellion is uncertain.
958:
Ragusa. Tvrtko, however, offered the
Ragusans help in fighting Venice, which they initially refused. The death of George I of Zeta warranted Tvrtko's involvement in Serbian affairs, which reduced his ability to take an active part in the conflict. The Ragusans started calling for the destruction of Kotor, whose officials promised to renounce fealty to Venice and return to Louis. Kotor failed to fulfil this promise but instead promised fealty to Tvrtko, who laid claim to the city as part of his NemanjiÄ ancestors' heritage. The political climate was ideal since he was to take Kotor from his overlord's enemy. The Ragusans were furious, and an embargo ensued. Tvrtko defended Kotor from Ragusa but was betrayed in June 1379, when the city overthrew its Venetian governor and submitted again directly to Louis.
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1008:
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Elizabeth. The great unpopularity of the queens led to rebellions and presented an opportunity for Tvrtko, not only to reclaim
Drijeva and other lands lost to Louis in 1357 but also to seize Kotor. When exactly or how this took place is not known. Already in the spring of 1383, Tvrtko started building a navy: he bought a galley from Venice, ordered two more to be built, and employed a Venetian patrician as his admiral with the consent of the republic. Around the same time, he erected a new town,
3357:
817:
1258:. Hungary remained the focus of Tvrtko's foreign policy, however. Although they did not recognize each other as kings, Tvrtko and Sigismund started negotiating peace in September. Sigismund was in a weaker position and likely ready to make concessions to Tvrtko when his ambassadors arrived at Tvrtko's court in January 1391. The negotiations were probably never concluded, as Tvrtko died on 10 March. He is buried in Mile alongside his uncle Stephen II.
673:
728:. The marriage was likely arranged by Louis, who had kept Dorothea and her sister as honored hostages at his court to ensure Ivan Stratsimir's loyalty. The bride was Orthodox, but the marriage was celebrated in the Catholic rite by Tvrtko's old enemy Peter, bishop of Bosnia, to whom Tvrtko then awarded large tracts of land. Tvrtko thereby solidified his relations with the Roman Catholic Church and earned recognition from
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1218:
42:
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fact, they so respected his strength that they made concessions to win his favour: one of the concessions being their recognition of Tvrtko's possession of Kotor in the spring of 1385. The incorporation of the trade centres of
Drijeva and Kotor did not result in a significant expansion on the coast, but it was of great importance to the Bosnian economy and the King's finances.
546:
909:
637:, ruler of eastern Hum, defected to Vuk in late 1366. Throughout the following year, Tvrtko forced Vuk southwards, eventually compelling him to flee to Ragusa. Sanko, Vuk's last supporter, submitted to Tvrtko in late summer and was allowed to retain his holdings. Ragusan officials made an effort to procure peace between the feuding brothers, and in 1368, Vuk asked
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665:. When Vojislav attacked Ragusa in 1361, the republic appealed to Tvrtko for help, but to no avail. Vojislav's widow Gojislava, ruling on behalf of their minor sons, provided Tvrtko with passage through the family's land during his struggle with Vuk, and Tvrtko remained cordial with the family. He was, however, unable to defend her from her nephew
496:. Donji Kraji and Hum were purposely omitted from their title, with Usora likely having been granted as compensation. Two conditions were forced upon the Bosnians: one of the two KotromaniÄ brothers would be at Louis's court whenever the other was in Bosnia, and they would make an effort to suppress the "heretical"
1058:, invaded Bohemia with the intent to liberate her and ascend her throne. The neighbouring countries took sides: Venice opted for the queens and Sigismund, but Tvrtko chose to support their opponents and Ladislaus's claim to Hungary, thus tacitly renouncing vassalage that had in any case been only nominal since
1288:
noted that, compared with DuŔan, who had also left a considerably extended state, Tvrtko was not an overly ambitious conqueror as much as he was an able statesman. Tvrtko, he wrote, used force when necessary but otherwise took care to appear to
Serbians as the legitimate heir rather than as a foreign
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in 1378, and it soon involved Venice's neighbours. King Louis took Genoa's side, and Ragusaāsubordinate to
Hungary, and Venice's competitor in the Adriaticādid so as well. The Venetians, having taken Kotor in August 1378, made an effort to have Tvrtko join the war on their side, which caused panic in
680:
The ambitious
Nicholas soon started inciting rebellions against Tvrtko; Sanko MiltenoviÄ rose against his lord again and was once more defeated and pardoned in 1369. Tvrtko and Nicholas made peace in August 1370, but the latter's belligerence soon earned him the enmity of all his neighbours. Entering
1208:
responded praising both the
Kingdom of Bosnia and its king for achieving a "victory so glorious that the memory of it would never fade". The triumph, however, was hollow. Tvrtko's Serbian title lost what little actual significance it had when Lazar's successors accepted Ottoman suzerainty, while Vuk
969:
The failure to seize Kotor, the damage to the
Bosnian economy from the Ragusan embargo, and the need for easier access to maritime trade led Tvrtko to found the youngest medieval town on the eastern Adriatic coast. In early 1382, Tvrtko constructed a new fortress in the Bay of Kotor and decided that
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named
Blagoje, having found refuge at Tvrtko's court, attributed to Tvrtko the right to a "double crown": one for Bosnia, which his family had ruled since its foundation, and the other for the Serbian lands of his NemanjiÄ ancestors, who had "left the earthly realm for the heavenly kingdom". Arguing
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At the start of his personal rule, the young Ban somehow considerably increased his power. Although he constantly emphasized his subservience and loyalty to the King, Tvrtko started regarding the loyalty of the Donji Kraji noblemen to Louis as treachery against himself. In 1363, a conflict broke out
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to the seashore, where they were bought chiefly by the
Republics of Ragusa and Venice. The maritime cities of Ragusa and Kotor also depended on Tvrtko's realm for food, a dependency the King leveraged to increase the initially low and, for the Bosnians, disadvantageous prices. Yet, Bosnia could not
701:, both backed by Louis of Hungary, acted to protect the cities. Lazar, too, swore fealty to Louis, after which he and Tvrtko were given 1,000 horsemen to counter Nicholas, who was completely defeated in the autumn of 1373, his lands being divided between the victorious allies. Tvrtko took the upper
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1370. Elizabeth was strangled in prison, while Sigismund's coronation as King of Hungary in March 1387 and subsequent liberation of Mary prompted Tvrtko to act more resolutely. From Ragusa, still loyal to Queen Mary, exacted a promise of support against everyone but the Queen. From then on, he was
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in order to associate himself with the NemanjiÄ kings; his successors followed suit. Tvrtko, at times, completely omitted his birth name and used only the honorific. Tvrtko's right to kingship was derived from his right to the Serbian throne, and was likely recognized by Lazar HrebljanoviÄ and Vuk
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The idea of restoring the Serbian Empire nevertheless persisted. George discussed it in one of his charters, but the Serbian regional lords were not considered suitable. They had only recently risen to prominence and lacked illustrious family backgrounds and formal titles to their lands; they were
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The state assembled by Tvrtko's uncle Stephen broke apart on Tvrtko's accession, much to the satisfaction of his overlord King Louis. The Hungarians were keen to encourage Stephen's vassals to act independently from Tvrtko, forcing Tvrtko to compete with Louis for their loyalty in order to rebuild
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Having taken as much Serbian land as he could, King Tvrtko turned his attention to the coast. The rapid economic growth of Bosnia, having begun during the reign of Tvrtko's uncle, continued unabated even during the political upheavals that followed Tvrtko's accession. The export of metal ores and
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Tvrtko's engagement in the east allowed Sigismund's forces to reverse some of his gains in Dalmatia. Klis was briefly lost in July, the Dalmatian cities again refused to surrender, and Tvrtko was forced to relaunch raids. A series of battles and skirmishes from November to December resulted in a
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In 1385, Tvrtko still formally recognized Hungarian supremacy, although it no longer had any practical meaning. He emphasized his loyalty to the queens, "his dearest sisters", and cited his oath of fealty to them. Mary and Elizabeth, however, had no power to enforce their suzerainty over him. In
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Tvrtko I is considered one of the greatest medieval rulers of Bosnia, having "left behind a country larger, stronger, politically more influential and militarily more capable than the one he inherited." His political achievements were aided by the feudal anarchy in Serbia and Croatia, while the
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By 1388, the devastation of Dalmatia by the Bosnian army had become so severe that the authorities of the cities pleaded with Sigismund to either help them or to allow them to save themselves by submitting without being labelled as traitors. Neither Sigismund's army nor an alliance of Dalmatian
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Tvrtko's yielding in the legal dispute with Ragusa may have been brought about by another major change: the death of King Louis I on 11 September 1382. Without a male heir, the Hungarian crown passed to Louis's 13-year-old daughter Mary and the reins of government to his widow, Tvrtko's cousin
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Tvrtko acted resolutely and efficiently. He and Jelena took refuge at the Hungarian royal court, where they were welcomed by Tvrtko's former enemy and overlord, King Louis. Apparently dissatisfied with the turn of events in Bosnia, Louis provided Tvrtko with aid (likely military) in reclaiming
1249:
In the last months of his reign, Tvrtko devoted himself to solidifying his position in Dalmatia and to plans for taking Zadar, the only Dalmatian city that had evaded his rule. He offered an extensive alliance to Venice, but it did not suit the republic's interests. Meanwhile, Tvrtko was also
1164:
was believed to be far from the reach of the Ottomans during Tvrtko I's reign, shielded by a belt of independent Serbian statelets. George II of Zeta, however, purposely enabled the Turks to launch raids against Bosnia, first in 1386 (of which little is known) and again in 1388. In the second
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looked favourably on the development, but the Ragusans were very displeased at the prospect of losing their salt trade monopoly. They argued that Tvrtko, as king of Serbia, should respect the exclusive rights to salt trade granted by his NemanjiÄ predecessors to Ragusa, Kotor, Drijeva, and
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having lost all hope, Tvrtko called upon them to negotiate their surrender in March 1389. Each city asked to be the last one to submit and even to be allowed to request Sigismund's assistance. Tvrtko granted their wish and decided that Split should be the last to submit by 15 June 1389.
875:, which had been paid to the kings of Serbia since the 13th century. Although he presented himself as the heir to the NemanjiÄ crown, Tvrtko decided to assume the royal title of his great-grandfather, rather than continue DuÅ”an's unpopular claim to an imperial style, thus becoming "
537:
residence were discovered. The Bosnian Church, meanwhile, survived throughout Tvrtko's reign but only became prominent in state affairs after his death. One hostile source even tried to link Tvrtko himself to the Church due to his tolerance of all local faiths, including Hum's
1035:, who also desired the city. Nothing is known about BalŔa's military conflict with Tvrtko except that the latter asked Venice, whose trading opportunities were threatened by the clashes, to mediate with the Lord of Zeta. The mediation was thwarted by BalŔa's death in the 1385
661:. It disintegrated into autonomous lordships that could not resist Bosnia by themselves. This paved the way for Tvrtko to expand towards the east, but internal problems prevented him from seizing the opportunity immediately. A lordship on Bosnia's eastern border was that of
864:, contradict recent researches based on modern methodology elsewhere. Citing more recent archaeological and historical researches, Croatian and Bosnian historians agree that the coronation took place in the Franciscan Church of Saint Nicholas in the Bosnian town of
1204:. The outcome of the battle was difficult to ascertain, but Vlatko's letters from the battlefield convinced Tvrtko that the Christian alliance came out victorious. Tvrtko, in turn, informed various Christian states of his great triumph; the authorities of the
1230:
finally surrendered to Tvrtko, who then started calling himself "by the grace of God king of Rascia, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Croatia, and Pomorje". Acting as king of Dalmatia and Croatia, Tvrtko appointed his supporters John of Palisna and John Horvat as his
629:(where he then resided), Hum, and Usora. In order to secure the loyalty of the noblemen he had subjugated, as well as to win over those still supporting Vuk, Tvrtko bestowed a number of grants; in August he invested Vukac HrvatiniÄ with the entire
900:, Ragusa even complaining, in 1378, about Tvrtko's preoccupation with his new kingdom. Despite his cordial relations with its clergy, Tvrtko's claim to Serbia did not enjoy the support of the Orthodox Church, severely hindering Tvrtko's efforts.
350:
Tvrtko is widely considered one of Bosnia's greatest medieval rulers, having enlarged the country's borders to their greatest extent, left a strong economy, and improved the living standards of his subjects. He was survived by at least one son,
472:, and throughout his realm he ardently reclaimed all lands that once belonged to the monarch. Taking advantage of the precarious situation early in Tvrtko's reign, Louis moved to claim most of Donji Kraji and western Hum up to the river
322:
and the major maritime cities of the area, established new settlements and started building a navy, but never succeeded in subjugating the lords of the independent Serbian territories. The death of King Louis and the accession of
558:
ordered their merchants to leave Bosnia due to an imminent clash. An army led by Louis himself attacked Donji Kraji, where the nobility was divided in its loyalties between Tvrtko and Louis. A month later an army led by the
347:. The Ottoman Turks also launched their first attacks on Bosnia during Tvrtko's reign, but his army was able to repel them. Tvrtko's sudden death in 1391 prevented him from solidifying the KotromaniÄ hold on Croatian lands.
616:
The unity of the Bosnian magnates waned as soon as the Hungarians were defeated, weakening Tvrtko's position and that of a united Bosnia. In 1364, Tvrtko, his mother, and his brother were granted citizenship of the
512:
became more insistent on curbing the Bosnian Church. This endangered Tvrtko, for although he was a Roman Catholic throughout his life, Louis now had a religious pretext for invading Bosnia. The death of the
799:
andāmost importantlyācould boast descent from the NemanjiÄ dynasty. A genealogy published in Tvrtko's newly conquered Serbian lands emphasized his NemanjiÄ ancestry, derived from his paternal grandmother,
1050:. Elizabeth had Charles assassinated the following February, and Mary was restored to the throne. On 25 July, however, both women ended up imprisoned by the supporters of the murdered monarch's son, King
783:
suzerainty, Marko was not recognized as king by any of the Serbian magnates, effectively leaving the throne vacant. Serbia was divided between Marko (whose small realm extended no further than western
554:
between the two men. The cause is not clear, although Louis stated that his intention was to eradicate the Bosnian heretics. By April, the King had begun amassing an army; and in May, officials of the
605:
held out against a "massive attack" by the royal army, which suffered the embarrassment of losing the King's seal. The successful defense of Srebrenik marked Tvrtko's first victory against Hungary.
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by which Tvrtko was to inherit all the cities held by his maternal grandfather and a city which belonged to his aunt Katarina. Still, it is unknown whether he actually took possession of them.
327:
in 1382 allowed Tvrtko to take advantage of the ensuing succession crisis in Hungary and Croatia. After bitter fighting, from 1385 to 1390, Tvrtko succeeded in conquering large parts of
1282:
Ottomans were still not close enough to threaten him seriously. The Bosnian economy flourished, new settlements and trade centres appeared, and his subjects' living standards improved.
1184:
15 June 1389, the date by which Tvrtko had intended to complete his conquest of Dalmatia, was also the day when the Ottoman army met the forces of a coalition of Serbian states at the
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subjugator and to the Croatians as the preferable ruler. Emphasizing his patience and diplomacy, ÄoroviÄ calls Tvrtko a man capable of making the most out of his opportunities.
1200:, for selling weaponry to the Ottomans in wake of the battle. The highest ranking among the casualties, which also included Bosnian noblemen, were Lazar and the Ottoman ruler
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areas, the cities refused to capitulate. Their officials were willing to honour King Tvrtko but insisted that Queen Mary and King Sigismund were their legitimate sovereigns.
279:
clergy but later enjoyed cordial relations with all the religious communities in his realm. After initial difficultiesāthe loss of large parts of Bosnia to his overlord, King
508:
Little is known about internal affairs in Bosnia between 1357 when Tvrtko started ruling on his own and 1363. His religious policy came into focus in this period, as the
938:, which lacked any major settlements. The three major cities in the area were all controlled by Hungary: Drijeva (which Tvrtko was forced to cede to Louis in 1357),
3590:
3294:
1269:, a relative (possibly illegitimate half-brother) exiled by Tvrtko I for his part in the 1366 rebellion and reconciled with him in 1390, was elected king instead.
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Bosnia. Tvrtko returned to Bosnia in March and reestablished control over a part of the country by the end of the month, including the areas of Donji Kraji,
1254:. By the late summer of 1390, a marriage was expected to be contracted between the recently widowed Tvrtko and a member of the Austrian ruling family, the
892:
BrankoviÄ. Still, Tvrtko never established authority over the regional lords of Serbia. Tvrtko's new title was also approved by Louis and by his successor
868:. This place is certainly the undisputed location of the coronations of Tvrtko I's successors, as well as the burial place of some of his predecessors.
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3615:
860:, was adopted among historians like JiriÄek (in 1923), ÄoroviÄ (1925), DiniÄ (1932), Solovjev (1933). Such an opinion, still perpetuated only in
795:
mere "lords". Tvrtko not only controlled a significant portion of Serbia but was a member of the dynasty which had ruled as bans of Bosnia from
3516:
1160:, Tvrtko was also engaged in skirmishes in the east of his realm, preventing him from focusing all of his manpower on expansion westwards. The
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to intervene with King Louis I on his behalf. Those efforts were futile; but by 1374, Tvrtko had reconciled with Vuk on very generous terms.
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982:(meaning "new"). Commerce started in August, when the first ships carrying salt arrived, but so did trouble. Kotor and the merchants from
669:, who, by November 1368, had seized her sons' lands. All Tvrtko could do was help the dispossessed widow safely reach her native Albania.
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412:
1209:
BrankoviÄ turned to Tvrtko's enemy Sigismund. Since the Battle of Kosovo, the Bosnian claim to the Serbian throne was merely nominal.
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717:. This was the first significant expansion of Bosnia during Tvrtko's reign and gave him substantial influence over Serbian affairs.
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759:, making his final conquests of the Serbian lands. By that time, Serbia had been reduced to a patchwork of independent lordships.
3610:
3485:
521:, a supporter of both Stephen II and Tvrtko I and acknowledged by the latter as his "spiritual father"āled to the appointment of
1116:
844:). However, there is still no full consensus as to where, and by whom it was performed. The opinion that the Ragusan chronicler
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399:. Although Vladislav was still alive, Stephen's title passed directly to Tvrtko; the reason for Vladislav's exclusion from the
1480:
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metalwork (mainly silver, copper and lead) formed the backbone of the Bosnian economy. These goods were transported over the
387:
and was likely born within a year of their marriage, which was celebrated in 1337. His father was the brother of the Bosnian
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Fortress of Novi, built by Tvrtko I in 1382, with its newly founded port immediately became an economic hub of the kingdom.
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remained loyal to Mary and Sigismund, not least thanks to the couple's alliance with Venice. A notable exception was
3075:"Grobovi bosanskih srednjovjekovnih vladara u crkvi srpsko-pravoslavnog manastira Vaznesenja Gospodnjeg u MileŔevi?"
1040:
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The revolt against Elizabeth and Mary culminated in late 1385 when Mary was deposed in favour of her kinsman, King
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succession is unclear. Tvrtko, however, was only about fifteen years old at the time, so his father governed as
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2797:"Historijska karta srednjevjekovne bosanske države / sastavio Marko Vego ; izrada i reprodukcija Geokarta"
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1273:, the next king, may have been Tvrtko I's illegitimate son (or more likely another illegitimate half-brother).
529:, earning him Tvrtko's hostility. Tvrtko even attempted to plot against Peter but failed when his letters to a
407:. Soon after his accession, Tvrtko travelled with his father throughout the realm to settle relations with his
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Simplified family tree illustrating Tvrtko's connections to the royals and nobles of Bosnia and its neighbors
453:
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Tvrtko with his mother, brother and cousin Elizabeth at the deathbed of his uncle Stephen, as depicted on the
1188:. Tvrtko, feeling it is his duty as king of Serbia, ordered his army to leave Dalmatia and assist the lord's
633:
of Pliva for his part in the 1363 war with Hungary. After initially rapid success, Tvrtko's campaign slowed.
339:
in 1389, his tenuous claim to Serbia became a mere fiction, as the Serbian rulers he sought to subdue became
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1265:, whose legitimacy is debated, and who was a minor and apparently not considered fit to succeed his father.
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2910:(in Serbo-Croatian). Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja XXXIV/1979., Zemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo.
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AnÄeliÄ, Pavao, Krunidbena i grobna crkva bosanskih vladara u Milima (ArnautoviÄima) kod Visokog" 183ā247
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Louis I of Hungary's first seal, infamously lost (officially "stolen") during his campaign against Bosnia
488:, who had been married to Louis since 1353. In July, King Louis confirmed Tvrtko and his younger brother
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against Bosnia and Venice. Tvrtko relented by November, and his new city failed to achieve his purpose.
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Tvrtko and his brother Vuk on Saint Simeon's chest (detail of the scene depicting Stephen II's death)
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in order to claim Tvrtko's share of her brother's patrimony. An agreement was reached with the vice-
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The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
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3116:. In: A Companion to Seals in the Middle Ages, (ed. Laura Whatley), Brill, Leiden, 2019, 264ā276.
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decisive Bosnian victory and the retreat of the Hungarian army. In May 1390, the cities and the
1177:, which took place in late August 1388, ended with the victory of the Bosnian army, led by Duke
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The Bosnian Church: Its Place in State and Society from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century
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the Bosnian state. Louis posed a more direct threat as well; he was determined to enlarge his
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and a long conflict over their lands. In May 1355, Jelena and Tvrtko marched with an army to
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Louis's realm (red) with dependent and claimed territories, including Tvrtko's Bosnia (pink)
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The capture of Kotor earned Tvrtko the enmity of George I of Zeta's brother and successor,
672:
429:, with mother and son confirming the possessions and privileges of the noblemen of "all of
411:. Jelena replaced Vladislav as regent upon his death in 1354. She immediately travelled to
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Tvrtko I's signature, identifying him as "king of the Serbs and of Bosnia and of Primorie"
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that Serbia had been "left without its pastor", Tvrtko set out to be crowned as its king.
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in December 1355 was soon followed by the breakup of the once-powerful and threatening
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in the monastery of "MileŔeva in town with the same name", meant the monastery was
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Division of the Serbian Empire between Bosnia and Serbian regional lords after 1374
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The division of Nicholas AltomanoviÄ's lands created friction between Tvrtko and
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As the Kingdom of Bosnia continued to expand, Tvrtko's attention shifted to the
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to the episcopal throne. Peter actively promoted the idea of launching a new
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Writing to Ragusa shortly after his coronation, Tvrtko successfully claimed
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1064:
983:
887:". In addition to the royal title, Tvrtko also adopted the symbolic name
884:
748:
744:
710:
702:
442:
328:
315:
2739:
2737:
2735:
1201:
931:
880:
752:
593:
477:
473:
408:
288:
179:
2308:
The Double Wreath, A Contribution to the History of Kingship in Bosnia
3272:
3074:
1109:
1021:
530:
421:
404:
340:
295:
in 1373, after the death of its last ruler and his distant relative,
268:
3114:'Creatio Regni' in the Great Seal of Bosnian King Tvrtko KotromaniÄ
275:. Early in his personal rule, Tvrtko quarrelled with his country's
2931:(in Serbo-Croatian). University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy.
1216:
1140:
1101:
1069:
1006:
960:
943:
907:
815:
706:
690:
671:
607:
544:
481:
457:
366:
2927:ÄirkoviÄ, Sima (1964a). "ŠŠ±Š¾ŃŠ½ŠøŠŗ ŃŠ°Š“Š¾Š²Š° Š¤ŠøŠ»Š¾Š·Š¾ŃŃŠŗŠ¾Š³ ŃŠ°ŠŗŃŠ»ŃŠµŃŠ°".
2361:
2359:
2357:
1085:
3276:
2803:. Digitalne zbirke Nacionalne i sveuÄiliÅ”ne knjižnice u Zagrebu
896:. Venice and Ragusa consistently referred to Tvrtko as king of
419:, his overlord. Following her return, Jelena held an assembly (
2956:(in Serbo-Croatian), Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography
1221:
Map of Bosnia at its greatest extent, under Tvrtko I in 1390.
1039:
against the invading Ottomans. BalŔa's nephew and successor,
848:, when he wrote in 1601 that the coronation was performed by
3043:[The proclamation of Bosnia as the kingdom in 1377]
791:(Lazar's son-in-law), George of Zeta, and Tvrtko of Bosnia.
779:, who took up the royal title. Having been forced to accept
27:
Founder and first king of the Kingdom of Bosnia (r. 1377ā91)
1135:
cities and noblemen was able to counter Tvrtko's advances.
953:
erupted between the old-time rival Republics of Venice and
2846:
2844:
2842:
2722:
2720:
2695:
2693:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2439:
2437:
2412:
2410:
2288:
2286:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2217:
2215:
2202:
2200:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2067:
2065:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
856:
and the person who performed coronation was its Orthodox
263:
in 1353. As he was a minor at the time, Tvrtko's father,
836:
was held in the fall of 1377 (probably 26 October, the
579:
deserted to Louis and surrendered to him the important
359:, under whom Tvrtko's burgeoning realm began to decay.
2668:
2666:
2664:
2615:
2613:
2232:
2230:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
3051:(in Bosnian) (3ā04). MeÄunarodni forum Bosna: 227ā287
2770:"Historijska karta Srednjevjekovovne Bosanske Države"
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1886:
1884:
1096:
in July 1387, which enabled him to launch attacks on
1100:. Although the Bosnian army laid waste to Split and
234:
3606:
Pretenders to the Serbian throne in the Middle Ages
3494:
3438:
3390:
3364:
3310:
601:, forcing the Hungarians to retreat. In Usora, the
395:, and his mother the daughter of the Croatian lord
210:
200:
190:
178:
166:
156:
144:
132:
121:
117:
107:
97:
89:
82:
72:
58:
51:
34:
1054:. Civil war engulfed Mary's realm. Her betrothed,
1165:instance, the Ottoman and Zetan invaders, led by
1067:, ostensibly in the name of the king of Naples.
2929:Š”ŃŠ³ŃŠ±Šø Š²ŠµŠ½Š°Ń: ŠæŃŠøŠ»Š¾Š³ ŠøŃŃŠ¾ŃŠøŃŠø ŠŗŃŠ°ŃŠµŠ²ŃŃŠ²Š° Ń ŠŠ¾ŃŠ½Šø
2922:(in Serbo-Croatian). Srpska književna zadruga.
771:, died in December 1371. His chosen co-ruler,
307:, claiming to be the heir of Serbia's extinct
3621:Burials in St. Nicholas friary church in Mile
3288:
1115:The military forces of Tvrtko and his vassal
1108:submitted to Tvrtko in November, followed by
1043:, maintained Zeta's hostility toward Bosnia.
415:to obtain consent to Tvrtko's accession from
8:
476:, including the prosperous customs town of
3295:
3281:
3273:
3119:
2968:. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
2401:
2389:
2365:
2348:
2336:
2324:
1297:
1088:, which supported the rebellious nobleman
40:
31:
2455:
689:, Nicholas intended to attack Ragusa and
3024:Erasmus ā Äasopis za kulturu demokracije
2862:
2850:
2833:
2821:
2755:
2726:
2711:
2699:
2684:
2655:
2636:
2604:
2592:
2575:
2563:
2551:
2539:
2527:
2515:
2503:
2491:
2479:
2467:
2443:
2416:
2292:
2277:
2260:
2221:
2206:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2132:
2113:
2088:
2071:
2056:
2021:
1997:
1927:
1915:
1863:
926:make economical use of its share of the
3026:(in Bosnian) (18). Erasmus Gilda: 26ā37
2874:
2743:
1847:
318:coast. He gained control of the entire
3591:Bosnia and Herzegovina Roman Catholics
3512:Elizabeth, Queen of Hungary and Poland
3041:"ProglaŔenje Bosne Kraljevstvom 1377"
2920:ŠŃŃŠ¾ŃŠøŃŠ° ŃŃŠµŠ“ŃŠ¾Š²ŠµŠŗŠ¾Š²Š½Šµ Š±Š¾ŃŠ°Š½ŃŠŗŠµ Š“ŃŠ¶Š°Š²Šµ
2377:
1826:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1556:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
681:into a coalition with Venice and the
448:The death of Tvrtko's maternal uncle
7:
2886:
2672:
2619:
2428:
2248:
2236:
2044:
2009:
1974:
1890:
1875:
1156:During his campaign in Dalmatia and
2983:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (2007).
1196:. He resented the Milanese ruler,
970:it should form the basis of a new
299:. In 1377, he had himself crowned
62:September 1353 ā October 1377
25:
93:October 1377 ā 10 March 1391
3355:
3348:
3100:
1261:Tvrtko I left at least one son,
1213:Final achievements and aftermath
739:since the latter seized coastal
645:Conquests in Serbia and marriage
452:in 1348 led to a decline of the
3581:14th-century monarchs in Europe
3073:Zadro, Dejan (8 January 2006).
978:, the city came to be known as
767:UroÅ” the Weak, the last of the
271:, followed by Tvrtko's mother,
98:
3616:People of the Banate of Bosnia
3525:Maria, Countess of Helfenstein
974:center. Initially named after
787:), Lazar (the greatest lord),
243:1338 ā 10 March 1391) was the
1:
3039:LovrenoviÄ, Dubravko (1999).
1092:. Tvrtko took control of the
1059:
653:and the accession of his son
240:
125:
3517:Catherine, Countess of Cilli
3249:King of Croatia and Dalmatia
3002:JireÄek, Konstantin (1891).
379:Tvrtko was the elder son of
3576:14th-century Bosnian people
1252:Albert III, Duke of Austria
1003:Hungarian succession crisis
879:king of the Serbs, Bosnia,
726:Ivan Stratsimir of Bulgaria
587:succeeded in defending the
3642:
3081:(in Croatian) (3): 45ā50.
2962:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.
3521:Helen, Duchess of Troppau
3495:Other significant members
3346:
3239:
3215:
3202:
3192:
3183:
3178:
3162:
3154:
3144:
3135:
3127:
3122:
1830:
1819:
1798:
1796:
1749:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1657:
1625:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1502:
1500:
1462:
1430:
1428:
1416:
1414:
1388:UroÅ” II Milutin of Serbia
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1250:fostering relations with
912:Tvrtko's coin, featuring
397:George II Å ubiÄ of Bribir
255:, he succeeded his uncle
235:
39:
3018:[Bosnian Myths]
2392:, pp. 26ā27, 31ā32.
720:In 1374, Tvrtko married
492:as rulers of Bosnia and
3611:Roman Catholic monarchs
3066:Bosnia: A Short History
2950:ÄoÅ”koviÄ, Pejo (2009),
2942:Istorija srpskog naroda
1816:Sigismund of Luxembourg
1600:UroŔ IV DuŔan of Serbia
1169:, penetrated as far as
1117:Hrvoje VukÄiÄ HrvatiniÄ
873:Saint Demetrius' income
569:archbishop of Esztergom
355:, but was succeeded by
3571:14th century in Serbia
3242:ā DISPUTED ā
2327:, pp. 26, 27, 31.
1222:
1198:Gian Galeazzo Visconti
1078:
1012:
966:
917:
862:Serbian historiography
821:
677:
613:
550:
527:crusade against Bosnia
484:of Stephen's daughter
376:
230:
3218:ā TITULAR ā
3064:Malcom, Noel (1996).
2746:, part 3, chapter 12.
1220:
1073:
1048:Charles III of Naples
1010:
964:
911:
819:
675:
611:
548:
373:Chest of Saint Simeon
370:
236:Š”ŃŃŠµŠæŠ°Š½/Š”ŃŠµŃŠ°Š½ Š¢Š²ŃŃŠŗŠ¾
231:Stjepan/Stefan Tvrtko
46:Seal of King Tvrtko I
3502:Vladislav KotromaniÄ
3446:Dorothea of Bulgaria
3382:Dorothea of Bulgaria
3377:Elizabeth of Kuyavia
3109:at Wikimedia Commons
3012:LovrenoviÄ, Dubravko
2768:Vego, Marko (1957).
1636:Mladen III of Bribir
1622:Vladislaus of Bosnia
1607:Stephen II of Bosnia
1206:Republic of Florence
916:and his coat of arms
667:Nicholas AltomanoviÄ
504:Initial difficulties
381:Vladislav KotromaniÄ
283:, and being briefly
161:Dorothea of Bulgaria
3535:Catherine TomaÅ”eviÄ
3372:Elizabeth of Serbia
3112:Emir O. FilipoviÄ:
2458:, pp. 349ā350.
2368:, pp. 227ā230.
2024:, pp. 124ā125.
1878:, pp. 284ā285.
1746:Elizabeth of Bosnia
1481:George II of Bribir
1466:Stephen I of Bosnia
1459:Elizabeth of Serbia
1237:Archbishop of Split
1052:Ladislaus of Naples
1020:, near present-day
877:by the Grace of God
858:metropolitan bishop
850:metropolitan bishop
804:, daughter of King
773:VukaÅ”in MrnjavÄeviÄ
724:, daughter of Tsar
561:palatine of Hungary
267:, briefly ruled as
253:House of KotromaniÄ
195:Vladislav of Bosnia
173:Tvrtko II of Bosnia
18:Tvrtko I KotromaniÄ
3601:KotromaniÄ dynasty
3365:Banesses of Bosnia
3304:KotromaniÄ dynasty
3207:Title last held by
3107:Tvrtko I of Bosnia
1760:Tvrtko I of Bosnia
1753:Louis I of Hungary
1448:UroÅ” III of Serbia
1399:Dragutin of Serbia
1223:
1190:Lazar HrebljanoviÄ
1106:Ostrovica Fortress
1079:
1013:
967:
918:
822:
715:MileŔeva Monastery
695:Lazar HrebljanoviÄ
678:
663:Vojislav VojinoviÄ
619:Republic of Venice
614:
603:Srebrenik Fortress
556:Republic of Ragusa
551:
454:Å ubiÄ noble family
377:
343:of the victorious
281:Louis I of Hungary
251:. A member of the
103:(26 October?) 1377
3548:
3547:
3430:Stephen TomaÅ”eviÄ
3420:Stephen Tvrtko II
3393:(1377–1463)
3313:(1254–1377)
3271:
3270:
3244:
3220:
3193:Succeeded by
3145:Succeeded by
3105:Media related to
3016:"Bosanski mitovi"
2994:978-0-86356-503-8
2937:ÄoroviÄ, Vladimir
2380:, pp. 45ā48.
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1228:Dalmatian islands
1162:Kingdom of Bosnia
988:Italian Peninsula
930:, from the river
581:fortress of KljuÄ
577:Vlatko VukoslaviÄ
540:Eastern Orthodoxy
375:in the late 1370s
220:
219:
140:(aged 52ā53)
16:(Redirected from
3633:
3596:Bosnian monarchs
3486:Jelena BrankoviÄ
3461:Kujava RadinoviÄ
3439:Queens of Bosnia
3400:Stephen Tvrtko I
3359:
3352:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3274:
3267:
3258:
3240:
3216:
3155:Preceded by
3128:Preceded by
3120:
3104:
3090:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3046:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3021:
3007:
2998:
2979:
2957:
2946:
2932:
2923:
2911:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2837:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2801:digitalna.nsk.hr
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2774:kolekcije.nub.ba
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2730:
2724:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2659:
2653:
2640:
2634:
2623:
2617:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2414:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2305:ÄirkoviÄ, Sima.
2302:
2296:
2290:
2281:
2275:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2225:
2219:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2136:
2130:
2117:
2111:
2092:
2086:
2075:
2069:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1978:
1972:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1894:
1888:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1739:UroÅ” V of Serbia
1629:Jelena of Bribir
1321:UroÅ” I of Serbia
1307:
1306:
1298:
1286:Vladimir ÄoroviÄ
1186:Battle of Kosovo
1175:Battle of BileÄa
1167:Lala Åahin Pasha
1082:Dalmatian cities
1061:
997:Dalmatian cities
769:NemanjiÄ dynasty
747:the takeover of
709:, and a part of
651:DuŔan the Mighty
635:Sanko MiltenoviÄ
591:fortress in the
575:, struck Usora.
515:bishop of Bosnia
450:Mladen III Å ubiÄ
337:Battle of Kosovo
335:. Following the
309:NemanjiÄ dynasty
242:
238:
237:
223:Stephen Tvrtko I
205:Jelena of Bribir
139:
127:
64:(interrupted by
44:
32:
21:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3626:Kings of Bosnia
3551:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3540:Matija SabanÄiÄ
3530:Radivoj OstojiÄ
3490:
3481:Katarina KosaÄa
3451:Helen of Bosnia
3434:
3415:Stephen OstojiÄ
3392:
3391:Kings of Bosnia
3386:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3344:
3312:
3306:
3301:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3245:
3229:
3221:
3208:
3198:
3189:
3168:
3160:
3150:
3141:
3133:
3097:
3072:
3063:
3054:
3052:
3044:
3038:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2995:
2982:
2976:
2960:
2949:
2935:
2926:
2914:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2840:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2733:
2725:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2691:
2683:
2679:
2671:
2662:
2654:
2643:
2635:
2626:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2450:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2408:
2402:LovrenoviÄ 1999
2400:
2396:
2390:LovrenoviÄ 1996
2388:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2366:LovrenoviÄ 1999
2364:
2355:
2349:LovrenoviÄ 1996
2347:
2343:
2337:LovrenoviÄ 1999
2335:
2331:
2325:LovrenoviÄ 1996
2323:
2319:
2311:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2228:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2139:
2131:
2120:
2112:
2095:
2087:
2078:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2028:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1981:
1973:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1914:
1897:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1823:Mary of Hungary
1295:
1279:
1235:and hosted the
1215:
1154:
1152:Ottoman attacks
1090:John of Palisna
1063:free to attack
1037:Battle of Savra
1005:
951:War of Chioggia
906:
842:Saint Demetrius
797:time immemorial
765:
737:ÄuraÄ I BalÅ”iÄ
730:Pope Gregory XI
699:Moravian Serbia
647:
585:Vukac HrvatiniÄ
506:
462:ban of Dalmatia
365:
152:
137:
63:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3639:
3637:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3586:Bans of Bosnia
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3471:Dorothea Garai
3468:
3466:Jelena NelipiÄ
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3425:Stephen Thomas
3422:
3417:
3412:
3410:Stephen Ostoja
3407:
3405:Stephen DabiŔa
3402:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3311:Bans of Bosnia
3308:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3268:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3225:King of Serbia
3214:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3186:King of Bosnia
3182:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3123:Regnal titles
3118:
3117:
3110:
3096:
3095:External links
3093:
3092:
3091:
3070:
3061:
3036:
3008:
2999:
2993:
2980:
2974:
2958:
2947:
2933:
2924:
2916:ÄirkoviÄ, Sima
2912:
2904:AnÄeliÄ, Pavao
2898:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:, p. 454.
2879:
2877:, p. 230.
2867:
2865:, p. 165.
2855:
2853:, p. 164.
2838:
2836:, p. 163.
2826:
2824:, p. 161.
2814:
2787:
2760:
2758:, p. 160.
2748:
2731:
2729:, p. 159.
2716:
2714:, p. 158.
2704:
2702:, p. 156.
2689:
2687:, p. 155.
2677:
2675:, p. 398.
2660:
2658:, p. 154.
2641:
2639:, p. 157.
2624:
2622:, p. 396.
2609:
2607:, p. 152.
2597:
2595:, p. 153.
2580:
2578:, p. 151.
2568:
2566:, p. 149.
2556:
2554:, p. 148.
2544:
2542:, p. 147.
2532:
2530:, p. 146.
2520:
2518:, p. 145.
2508:
2506:, p. 144.
2496:
2494:, p. 142.
2484:
2482:, p. 141.
2472:
2470:, p. 140.
2460:
2456:ÄirkoviÄ 1964a
2448:
2446:, p. 138.
2433:
2431:, p. 386.
2421:
2419:, p. 150.
2406:
2404:, p. 235.
2394:
2382:
2370:
2353:
2341:
2339:, p. 228.
2329:
2317:
2314:. p. 108.
2297:
2295:, p. 137.
2282:
2280:, p. 136.
2265:
2263:, p. 139.
2253:
2251:, p. 165.
2241:
2239:, p. 367.
2226:
2224:, p. 135.
2211:
2209:, p. 134.
2196:
2194:, p. 133.
2184:
2182:, p. 127.
2172:
2170:, p. 126.
2160:
2158:, p. 132.
2137:
2135:, p. 131.
2118:
2116:, p. 130.
2093:
2091:, p. 129.
2076:
2074:, p. 128.
2061:
2059:, p. 125.
2049:
2047:, p. 370.
2026:
2014:
2012:, p. 161.
2002:
2000:, p. 124.
1979:
1977:, p. 369.
1932:
1930:, p. 123.
1920:
1895:
1893:, p. 284.
1880:
1868:
1866:, p. 122.
1846:
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1325:
1323:
1318:
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1314:
1312:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1278:
1275:
1214:
1211:
1179:Vlatko VukoviÄ
1153:
1150:
1123:together with
1119:campaigned in
1004:
1001:
928:Adriatic coast
905:
902:
830:king of Bosnia
775:, left a son,
764:
761:
659:Serbian Empire
646:
643:
573:Nicholas ApƔti
519:Peregrin Saxon
510:Avignon papacy
505:
502:
498:Bosnian Church
364:
361:
345:Ottoman Empire
333:Croatia proper
301:king of Bosnia
293:Serbian Empire
277:Roman Catholic
227:Serbo-Croatian
218:
217:
215:Roman Catholic
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
170:
164:
163:
158:
154:
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148:
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142:
141:
134:
130:
129:
123:
119:
118:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
101:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
84:King of Bosnia
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
60:
56:
55:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3638:
3627:
3624:
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3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
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3441:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3293:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3165:Ban of Bosnia
3159:
3153:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3138:Ban of Bosnia
3132:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3050:
3042:
3037:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3006:(in Serbian).
3005:
3004:Istorija Srba
3000:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2975:0-472-08260-4
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2863:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2859:
2856:
2852:
2851:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2847:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2834:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2830:
2827:
2823:
2822:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2818:
2815:
2802:
2798:
2791:
2788:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2756:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2752:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2727:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2723:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2712:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2708:
2705:
2701:
2700:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2681:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2656:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2637:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2605:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2601:
2598:
2594:
2593:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2576:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2572:
2569:
2565:
2564:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2560:
2557:
2553:
2552:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2548:
2545:
2541:
2540:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2536:
2533:
2529:
2528:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2524:
2521:
2517:
2516:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2512:
2509:
2505:
2504:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2500:
2497:
2493:
2492:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2488:
2485:
2481:
2480:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2476:
2473:
2469:
2468:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2464:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2444:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2440:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2417:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2351:, p. 31.
2350:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2293:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2289:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2278:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2257:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2207:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2192:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2188:
2185:
2181:
2180:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2176:
2173:
2169:
2168:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2164:
2161:
2157:
2156:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2114:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2085:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2068:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2053:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
2018:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1998:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1928:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:ÄoÅ”koviÄ 2009
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1864:ÄirkoviÄ 1964
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1805:
1803:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:Vuk of Bosnia
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1732:
1729:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1685:
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1647:
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1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1608:
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1548:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1530:
1522:
1520:
1512:
1510:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1467:
1460:
1449:
1441:
1439:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1389:
1381:
1378:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:Andrea Gualdo
1238:
1234:
1229:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:Vuk BrankoviÄ
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1094:Klis Fortress
1091:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:Saint Stephen
973:
963:
959:
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
924:
915:
910:
903:
901:
899:
895:
890:
886:
885:Western Areas
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
818:
814:
811:
807:
803:
798:
792:
790:
789:Vuk BrankoviÄ
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
762:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
693:. Tvrtko and
692:
688:
684:
674:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:UroÅ” the Weak
652:
649:The death of
644:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
622:
620:
610:
606:
604:
600:
596:
595:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
565:Nicholas Kont
562:
557:
547:
543:
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
523:Peter SiklĆ³si
520:
516:
511:
503:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
374:
369:
362:
360:
358:
354:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:UroÅ” the Weak
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:ban of Bosnia
258:
254:
250:
246:
232:
228:
224:
216:
213:
209:
206:
203:
199:
196:
193:
189:
186:
183:
181:
177:
174:
171:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
136:10 March 1391
135:
131:
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78:
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71:
67:
61:
57:
54:
53:Ban of Bosnia
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3507:Jelena Å ubiÄ
3399:
3339:
3257:Disputed by
3247:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3209:
3203:
3184:
3179:
3173:Became king
3172:
3163:
3136:
3078:
3068:. NYU Press.
3065:
3053:. Retrieved
3049:Forum Bosnae
3048:
3028:. Retrieved
3023:
3003:
2984:
2965:
2952:
2941:
2928:
2919:
2907:
2897:Bibliography
2882:
2875:AnÄeliÄ 1980
2870:
2858:
2829:
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2800:
2795:Marko Vego.
2790:
2778:. Retrieved
2776:(in Bosnian)
2773:
2763:
2751:
2744:ÄoroviÄ 2001
2707:
2680:
2600:
2571:
2559:
2547:
2535:
2523:
2511:
2499:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2451:
2424:
2397:
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2307:
2300:
2256:
2244:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2052:
2017:
2005:
1923:
1871:
1759:
1284:
1280:
1260:
1248:
1224:
1183:
1155:
1133:
1114:
1080:
1076:coat of arms
1045:
1030:
1026:
1014:
972:salt trading
968:
948:
936:Bay of Kotor
923:Dinaric Alps
919:
914:fleur-de-lis
870:
846:Mavro Orbini
823:
808:. A Serbian
793:
766:
740:
734:
719:
683:Lord of Zeta
679:
648:
639:Pope Urban V
630:
623:
615:
592:
552:
507:
470:royal domain
466:
447:
420:
417:King Louis I
385:Jelena Å ubiÄ
378:
349:
313:
222:
221:
150:Mile, Visoko
138:(1391-03-10)
68:, 1365ā1366)
29:
3566:1391 deaths
3561:1338 births
3325:Prijezda II
3079:Pro Tempore
2953:KotromaniÄi
1293:Family tree
1129:Paul Horvat
1074:Tvrtko I's
533:in Peter's
435:Donji Kraji
73:Predecessor
3555:Categories
3335:Stephen II
3320:Prijezda I
3230:1377ā1391
3190:1377ā1391
3169:1367ā1377
3142:1353ā1366
3131:Stephen II
2378:Zadro 2006
1842:References
1277:Assessment
826:coronation
763:Coronation
745:Travunians
697:, lord of
567:, and the
441:, and the
401:KotromaniÄ
393:Stephen II
325:Queen Mary
257:Stephen II
245:first king
185:KotromaniÄ
99:Coronation
77:Stephen II
3330:Stephen I
3265:Sigismund
3254:1390ā1391
3236:Conquest
3180:New title
3087:1334-8302
2887:Fine 1994
2673:Fine 1994
2620:Fine 1994
2429:Fine 1994
2249:Fine 2007
2237:Fine 1994
2045:Fine 1994
2010:Fine 2007
1975:Fine 1994
1891:Fine 1994
1876:Fine 1994
1263:Tvrtko II
1256:Habsburgs
1056:Sigismund
1041:George II
993:Sveti SrÄ
838:feast day
824:Tvrtko's
810:logothete
802:Elizabeth
785:Macedonia
757:DraÄevica
713:with the
589:Soko Grad
486:Elizabeth
353:Tvrtko II
265:Vladislav
108:Successor
3340:Tvrtko I
3014:(1996).
2987:. Saqi.
2964:(1994).
2945:. Janus.
2939:(2001).
2918:(1964).
2906:(1980).
2807:10 April
2780:10 April
1244:Sutjeska
1121:Slavonia
1065:Dalmatia
1033:BalŔa II
1018:BrŔtanik
986:and the
984:Dalmatia
883:and the
854:MileŔeva
806:Dragutin
749:Trebinje
722:Dorothea
711:Polimlje
703:Podrinje
443:Hum land
363:Minority
329:Dalmatia
320:Primorje
316:Adriatic
289:magnates
211:Religion
35:Tvrtko I
1202:Murad I
1158:Croatia
1145:Å ibenik
934:to the
932:Neretva
904:Economy
889:Stephen
881:Pomorje
781:Ottoman
753:Konavli
687:ÄuraÄ I
478:Drijeva
474:Neretva
439:Zagorje
413:Hungary
409:vassals
341:vassals
287:by his
285:deposed
259:as the
3476:VojaÄa
3456:VitaÄa
3211:UroÅ” V
3204:Vacant
3196:DabiŔa
3085:
3055:5 July
3030:5 July
2991:
2972:
1271:Ostoja
1267:DabiŔa
1173:. The
1171:BileÄa
1143:, and
1110:Trogir
1022:Opuzen
942:, and
940:Ragusa
898:Rascia
834:Serbia
755:, and
583:, but
535:Äakovo
531:lector
431:Bosnia
422:stanak
405:regent
357:DabiŔa
331:, and
305:Serbia
273:Jelena
269:regent
249:Bosnia
201:Mother
191:Father
157:Spouse
145:Burial
112:DabiŔa
3045:(pdf)
3020:(pdf)
2312:(PDF)
1141:Zadar
1137:Split
1102:Zadar
1098:Split
955:Genoa
944:Kotor
777:Marko
741:župas
707:Gacko
691:Kotor
599:Pliva
494:Usora
482:dowry
458:Duvno
425:) in
180:House
168:Issue
90:Reign
59:Reign
3263:and
3261:Mary
3083:ISSN
3057:2022
3032:2022
2989:ISBN
2970:ISBN
2809:2021
2782:2021
1233:bans
1192:and
1127:and
1125:John
1086:Klis
980:Novi
949:The
894:Mary
866:Mile
832:and
631:župa
627:Rama
594:župa
427:Mile
383:and
303:and
133:Died
128:1338
122:Born
3158:Vuk
3148:Vuk
1246:.
1242:in
1112:.
1024:.
946:.
840:of
828:as
597:of
490:Vuk
445:".
389:ban
247:of
66:Vuk
3557::
3077:.
3047:.
3022:.
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2799:.
2772:.
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2692:^
2663:^
2644:^
2627:^
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2356:^
2285:^
2268:^
2229:^
2214:^
2199:^
2140:^
2121:^
2096:^
2079:^
2064:^
2029:^
1982:^
1935:^
1898:^
1883:^
1850:^
1181:.
1139:,
1131:.
1060:c.
751:,
732:.
705:,
685:,
571:,
563:,
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241:c.
239:;
233:/
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126:c.
3296:e
3289:t
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2997:.
2978:.
2811:.
2784:.
1918:.
517:ā
225:(
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