219:. Prior to the war, the two relatives enjoyed amiable relations purchasing a joint air force and armored car force. Liu Xiang would have ambitions to seize more land and wealth as typical of warlords of the era. Liu Wenhui had also been luring away Liu Xiang's officers with higher pay, something he did to the other warlords within the province. Sichuan armies of this period did not possess much weaponry beyond rifles, with mountain guns and machine guns being an oddity on the battlefield. Therefore, the advantage of planes and armored cars increased due to the lack of anti-aircraft weaponry or anti-tank weaponry.
328:, began preparing for war against the 4th Route Army. Liu Xiang's offensive with his warlords failed due to infighting. Liu Xiang like many warlords was a notorious extractor of wealth via taxes but even this was not sufficient as the large costs of the war led to payment of workers falling into arrears and strikes ensued. Liu Xiang was forced to appeal for
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In late
December 1932, forces of the 4th Route Army entered Sichuan and after an initial settlement, they were driven off in spring 1933. Later that year, they returned, occupying 14 counties and capturing a supply dump at Suiding. Liu Xiang and other warlords, fearing the arrival of more communist
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Liu Xiang rejected an overture for peace from Liu Wenhui and thoroughly defeated his enemy at the Battle of the
Tuojiang. Following the battle, Liu Wenhui attempted suicide but was saved by a local doctor and made a full recovery. On 29 December, Liu Wenhui began negotiations for peace offering to
203:, tensions between the local Sichuan warlords remained high, engaging in arms races and recruiting larger numbers of men, which was idelogically opposed by the Nanjing government. The two members of the Liu family were
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As Liu Xiang's forces and those of his allies approached the west, they began attacking with Liu Xiang's airforce launching bombing raids on the enemy. on 28 October Yang Sen's forces reached the
Western gates of
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and began raiding the province. The incident led to calls for peace which saw a brief end to the fighting until the 21st when it restarted due to movements by the armies of Liu Xiang.
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resign his governorship of
Sichuan and withdraw his forces to Xikang province in order to establish a new warlord base in that province with the still large forces under his command.
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Liu Wenhui ordered his men to withdraw towards the western towns of
Dongnan, Jiangzhun, Yongzhan and Dazhu. Liu Xiang pursued his uncle's army as it retreated both sides resorted to
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aiming to stop the conflict, was unable to re-equip his forces or raise new ones with the rapid nature of the warfare foreign importation was too lengthy of a process.
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In
October 1932, Liu Xiang declared 'the war to stabilize Sichuan' though due to the familial nature of the war it was quickly given the name the Two-Liu War.
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This was accepted by his enemies and Liu Wenhui's army withdrew into Xikang, with minor clashes occurring in
Sichuan as they withdrew.
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Sichuan at the time was divided into 6 garrison areas each commanded by a warlord. Despite the unification of China in 1928 following
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October to December 1932. The wider repercussions of the war led to the growth of power of the central government of the
416:"Under the Gun: Nationalist Military Service and Society in Wartime Sichuan, 1938-1945.", Kevin Paul Landdeck, 2011.
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Liu Xiang's forces took
Chengdu, Yangchun and Kiangtsin. Liu Wenhui unable to import weaponry, due to a ban by the
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On 9 November following a bloody battle at Luzhou, Liu Wenhui withdrew to the western bank of the
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for assistance which was forthcoming but at the cost of autonomy.
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371:The bitter peace : conflict in China 1928-37
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368:Jowett, Philip S. (2017).
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189:Further information:
134:Casualties and losses
280:Conflict in the west
293:Conflict until July
276:for their armies.
63:Liu Xiang's victory
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68:Territorial
22:Two-Liu War
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374:. Stroud.
336:References
326:Long March
209:Liu Wenhui
185:Background
163:Liu Wenhui
122:11 bombers
89:Liu Wenhui
398:cite book
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319:Aftermath
217:Chongqing
205:Liu Xiang
167:Liu Xiang
92:Liu Xiang
306:Tuojiang
111:Strength
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47:Location
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171:Sichuan
70:changes
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60:Result
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