307:
38:
139:
346:
convinced it to reject the bill because of the act's provision that would have allowed for the U.S. to station military bases in the islands permanently. Thus, it was necessary for
Congress to draft a new bill to address these complaints and finally establish a timeline for the colony's independence.
277:
Prior to independence, the act allowed the U.S to maintain military forces in the
Philippines and to call all military forces of the Philippine government into U.S. military service. The act empowered the U.S. President, within two years following independence, to negotiate matters relating to U.S.
273:
within two years of its enactment. The act specified a number of mandatory constitutional provisions, and required approval of the constitution by the U.S. President and by
Filipinos. The act mandated U.S. recognition of independence of the Philippine Islands as a separate and self-governing nation
405:
to the soon-to-be-former territory. This policy hampered the domestic lives of many
Filipinos within the US because any Filipino who wished to go to the Philippines and then return to the United States would be subject to the restrictions on Asian immigration to America and would likely never be
390:
The immigration quota under the act was low, and immigration continued at levels much higher than the legal quota. This was due to the strength of agricultural lobbies, such as the
Hawaiian sugar planters, which were able to successfully lobby the federal government to allow more male Filipino
130:
341:
of 1933. Though
Congress passed it, overriding President Hoover's veto, it failed to create a concrete timeline for independence. Requiring the consent of the Philippine Senate for it to be implemented, the bill failed after the then-President of the Senate
1659:
1629:
1644:
1433:
2227:
2222:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
1129:
2493:
1369:
2325:
2320:
2315:
1124:
56:
An act to provide for the complete independence of the
Philippine Islands, to provide for the adoption of a constitution and a form of government for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes.
2432:
2000:
391:
agricultural workers provided that they demonstrated a need. This further increased the
Filipino population in Hawaii which had at one point been 25% of agricultural workers on the islands.
1919:
1500:
834:
1547:
1195:
2169:
2164:
1139:
931:
306:
1134:
2068:
1864:
1339:
1572:
1282:
298:, and while they were allowed to migrate relatively freely, they were denied naturalization rights within the US, unless they were citizens by birth in the mainland US.
2488:
2442:
2437:
1608:
1155:
1993:
413:, which increased the quota of Filipino immigrants to 100 per year and gave Filipinos the right to become naturalized American citizens. Filipinos would have been
1869:
1485:
1097:
1092:
827:
1314:
1294:
1078:
2498:
1649:
1639:
1844:
1505:
430:
1986:
1879:
1634:
1537:
1277:
1109:
355:
2398:
2341:
2009:
820:
2468:
1859:
1577:
1319:
871:
2367:
1349:
1087:
1083:
1552:
2362:
1520:
1344:
1180:
2346:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
1727:
782:
751:
537:
376:
Accordingly, President Harry S. Truman issued
Proclamation 2695 of July 4, 1946, officially recognizing the independence of the Philippines.
290:
for the purposes of immigration to
America. A quota of 50 immigrants per year was established. Before this act, Filipinos were classified as
1557:
373:. The Commonwealth was to be a transitional government lasting for a period of ten years, with independence to be granted on July 4, 1946.
362:
207:
1722:
1057:
417:
from immigrating to the U.S. without the Act. Two days later, on July 4, 1946, the Philippines became independent with the signing of the
1393:
1220:
1160:
2478:
1334:
1495:
720:
473:
395:
2473:
1692:
1582:
1215:
992:
843:
246:
234:
203:
1603:
1598:
2483:
1702:
1463:
1401:
1245:
921:
506:
440:
366:
270:
211:
183:
112:
104:
1854:
1417:
1359:
2463:
1904:
1788:
1654:
1510:
1377:
435:
385:
636:. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division. 1983. p. 4
2427:
1354:
1287:
1165:
370:
215:
410:
1235:
226:
65:
768:
358:, headed a "Philippine Independence mission" to Washington, D.C. It lobbied Congress and secured the act's passage.
1924:
1914:
1899:
1793:
1778:
1674:
1230:
987:
936:
916:
900:
896:
892:
493:
170:
88:
680:
1664:
1257:
1032:
807:
37:
1966:
1894:
1717:
1267:
1240:
1175:
926:
2417:
1712:
1119:
1114:
1037:
1022:
1007:
1002:
997:
982:
961:
946:
418:
414:
402:
1960:
1385:
338:
291:
219:
222:
had been held since 1907.) It also established limitations on Filipino immigration to the United States.
1447:
1190:
1185:
951:
295:
254:
812:
1839:
1809:
1783:
1773:
1768:
1758:
1515:
1490:
1062:
2422:
1748:
1455:
1225:
1012:
876:
331:
2392:
1753:
1542:
1324:
606:
230:
311:
1909:
1884:
1763:
1743:
1567:
1410:
1272:
778:
747:
743:
716:
598:
586:
533:
527:
469:
286:
The act reclassified all Filipinos, including those who were living in the United States, as
1978:
1874:
1849:
1525:
956:
941:
712:
631:
351:
343:
319:
1889:
1814:
1042:
560:
206:, to become an independent country after a ten-year transition period. Under the act, the
195:
148:
655:
1939:
1929:
1697:
1425:
1052:
337:
An attempt to set a final date for Philippine independence was first manifested in the
323:
739:
Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: African Americans and Asian Americans
409:
In 1946, the US decreased the tight restrictions of the Tydings–McDuffie Act with the
2457:
2386:
1819:
1440:
705:
327:
315:
242:
152:
17:
1944:
1707:
1047:
502:
266:
179:
97:
310:
Representatives from the Philippine Independence Mission in 1924 (left to right):
737:
463:
1660:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
1170:
1104:
287:
265:
The Tydings–McDuffie Act specified a procedural framework for the drafting of a
199:
27:
1934 U.S. federal law providing the Philippines with a process for independence
1934:
129:
602:
2377:
1669:
1624:
1017:
966:
138:
1130:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
1562:
1530:
1262:
1252:
774:
238:
610:
510:
250:
187:
116:
278:
naval reservations and fueling stations of in the Philippine Islands.
1920:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
1328:
1140:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
1135:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
681:"Proclamation 2695 of July 4, 1946 "Independence of the Philippines""
1125:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
305:
1982:
1196:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
816:
1156:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
770:
Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans
2494:
United States federal territory and statehood legislation
1161:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
1865:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
457:
455:
401:
This act extended the Asian-exclusion policy of the
2376:
2355:
2334:
2266:
2178:
2112:
2016:
1953:
1828:
1802:
1736:
1683:
1617:
1591:
1474:
1368:
1303:
1208:
1148:
1071:
975:
909:
885:
864:
851:
103:
84:
79:
71:
60:
52:
44:
704:
494:
171:
89:
214:was established, with the first directly elected
1609:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
468:. All-Nations Publishing Co. pp. 314–315.
1870:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
1548:List of people deported from the United States
361:In 1935, under the provisions of the act, the
1994:
1295:Trump administration family separation policy
828:
365:was drafted and became law, establishing the
8:
1345:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
711:. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. pp.
30:
1845:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
2001:
1987:
1979:
1880:Federation for American Immigration Reform
861:
835:
821:
813:
356:President of the Senate of the Philippines
2010:Presidential elections in the Philippines
1655:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
1650:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
1640:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
1583:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
1340:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1110:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
698:
696:
694:
1860:Center for Migration Studies of New York
1003:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
872:Nationality law in the American Colonies
597:(2). American Bar Association: 161–164.
529:Encyclopedia of multicultural psychology
1794:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
1350:Executive Office for Immigration Review
587:"Constitutional Law in the Philippines"
489:
487:
485:
451:
1810:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
742:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
431:History of the Philippines (1898–1946)
29:
1058:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
198:that established the process for the
155:co-authored the Tydings–McDuffie Act.
7:
1779:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
1084:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
363:1935 Constitution of the Philippines
274:after a ten-year transition period.
208:1935 Constitution of the Philippines
2499:Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt
2489:Philippines–United States relations
1465:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
1435:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
1320:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
922:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
253:, and signed into law by President
1553:Mexico–United States border crisis
1335:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
703:Posadas, Barbara Mercedes (1999).
499:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
176:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
94:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
25:
1774:"Streamline" (2005–present)
1496:Central American migrant caravans
1043:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
396:Filipino Repatriation Act of 1935
1558:Mexico–United States border wall
1033:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
844:Immigration to the United States
808:Text of the Tydings–McDuffie Act
585:Daenecke, Eric (February 1966).
465:The Philippines: A Unique Nation
137:
128:
36:
2469:1934 in international relations
1315:Department of Homeland Security
369:with an elected executive, the
367:Commonwealth of the Philippines
271:Commonwealth of the Philippines
212:Commonwealth of the Philippines
1855:Center for Immigration Studies
1784:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
1769:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
1419:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
1360:Office of Refugee Resettlement
1115:American Homecoming Act (1989)
1:
1905:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
1749:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
1511:Eugenics in the United States
633:Background Notes, Philippines
436:Philippine Organic Act (1902)
386:History of Filipino Americans
2428:Elections in the Philippines
1573:Illegal immigrant population
1355:Board of Immigration Appeals
1191:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
1186:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
1079:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
993:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
371:President of the Philippines
225:The act was authored in the
216:President of the Philippines
1789:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
1764:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
1635:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
1625:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
1604:Canada–United States border
1599:Mexico–United States border
1166:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
1028:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
736:Jeffrey D. Schultz (2000).
227:73rd United States Congress
218:. (Direct elections to the
167:Philippine Independence Act
66:73rd United States Congress
31:Philippine Independence Act
2515:
1925:Negative Population Growth
1915:National Immigration Forum
1900:Migration Policy Institute
1675:US Citizenship Act of 2021
1231:Temporary protected status
1013:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
383:
269:for the government of the
2479:Filipino-American history
2408:
1258:Security Advisory Opinion
35:
1967:Missing in Brooks County
1895:Mexicans Without Borders
1395:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
1268:National Origins Formula
952:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
927:Civil Rights Act of 1866
660:Encyclopaedia Britannica
565:Encyclopaedia Britannica
561:"Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act"
462:Zaide, Sonia M. (1994).
394:The act also led to the
2474:1934 in the Philippines
2418:People Power Revolution
2399:Biak-na-Bato conference
1246:Central American Minors
1176:Secure Fence Act (2006)
1038:Nationality Act of 1940
988:Naturalization Act 1906
962:Immigration Act of 1891
947:Immigration Act of 1882
937:Naturalization Act 1870
917:Naturalization Law 1802
893:Naturalization Act 1790
411:Luce–Celler Act of 1946
403:Immigration Act of 1924
292:United States nationals
2484:Law of the Philippines
1961:Borderland (TV series)
1815:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
1288:Unaccompanied children
1063:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
853:Relevant colonial era,
767:Bayor, Ronald (2011).
707:The Filipino Americans
656:"Tydings-McDuffie Act"
441:Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act
339:Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act
334:
296:United States citizens
220:Philippine Legislature
1538:Immigration reduction
1449:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
1053:War Brides Act (1945)
932:14th Amendment (1868)
532:. SAGE. p. 216.
309:
255:Franklin D. Roosevelt
2464:1934 in American law
2413:Tydings–McDuffie Act
1840:Arizona Border Recon
1820:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
1684:Immigration stations
1618:Proposed legislation
1516:Guest worker program
1491:Brooks County, Texas
1403:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
1120:Immigration Act 1990
1023:Immigration Act 1924
1008:Immigration Act 1918
998:Immigration Act 1907
983:Immigration Act 1903
526:Yo, Jackson (2006).
210:was written and the
163:Tydings–McDuffie Act
48:Tydings–McDuffie Act
18:Tydings-McDuffie Act
2423:Hello Garci scandal
1759:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
1686:and points of entry
1578:Reverse immigration
1457:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
1370:Supreme Court cases
1226:Visa Waiver Program
1221:Permanent residence
1048:Magnuson Act (1943)
877:Plantation Act 1740
406:allowed to return.
241:and Representative
151:and Representative
32:
2433:Provincial results
2393:Tejeros Convention
2335:Indirect elections
1543:Immigration reform
1379:US v. Wong Kim Ark
1325:U.S. Border Patrol
1241:Green Card Lottery
1209:Visas and policies
1171:Real ID Act (2005)
1105:Refugee Act (1980)
857:international laws
846:and related topics
335:
231:Millard E. Tydings
204:American territory
45:Other short titles
2451:
2450:
1976:
1975:
1910:Minuteman Project
1885:Improve The Dream
1803:State legislation
1754:"Babylift" (1975)
1728:Washington Avenue
1723:Sullivan's Island
1645:STRIVE Act (2007)
1568:March for America
1521:Human trafficking
1411:Zadvydas v. Davis
1273:Expedited removal
1204:
1203:
855:United States and
784:978-0-313-35786-2
753:978-1-57356-148-8
687:. 15 August 2016.
685:National Archives
539:978-1-4129-0948-8
165:, officially the
122:
121:
106:Statutes at Large
16:(Redirected from
2506:
2443:Campaign slogans
2438:Election tickets
2017:Direct elections
2003:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1875:Community Change
1850:CASA of Maryland
1830:Non-governmental
1744:"Wetback" (1954)
1670:RAISE Act (2017)
1630:H.R. 4437 (2005)
1018:Cable Act (1922)
967:Geary Act (1892)
957:Scott Act (1888)
862:
837:
830:
823:
814:
796:
795:
793:
791:
764:
758:
757:
733:
727:
726:
710:
700:
689:
688:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
652:
646:
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643:
641:
628:
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621:
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617:
582:
576:
575:
573:
571:
557:
551:
550:
548:
546:
523:
517:
516:
500:
496:
491:
480:
479:
459:
419:Treaty of Manila
352:Manuel L. Quezon
344:Manuel L. Quezon
320:Manuel L. Quezon
193:
177:
173:
141:
132:
107:
95:
91:
40:
33:
21:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2404:
2401:(November 1897)
2372:
2351:
2330:
2262:
2174:
2108:
2012:
2007:
1977:
1972:
1949:
1890:Mexica Movement
1833:
1831:
1824:
1798:
1732:
1685:
1679:
1665:SAFE Act (2015)
1613:
1587:
1526:Human smuggling
1501:Economic impact
1479:
1477:
1470:
1364:
1308:
1306:
1299:
1200:
1144:
1072:1950–1999
1067:
976:1900–1949
971:
942:Page Act (1875)
905:
881:
858:
856:
854:
847:
841:
804:
799:
789:
787:
785:
777:. p. 714.
766:
765:
761:
754:
735:
734:
730:
723:
702:
701:
692:
679:
678:
674:
664:
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654:
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629:
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613:
584:
583:
579:
569:
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559:
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542:
540:
525:
524:
520:
514:
498:
492:
483:
476:
461:
460:
453:
449:
427:
388:
382:
312:Isauro Gabaldón
304:
284:
263:
196:Act of Congress
191:
175:
159:
158:
157:
156:
149:Millard Tydings
144:
143:
142:
134:
133:
105:
93:
61:Enacted by
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2502:
2501:
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2491:
2486:
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2415:
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2403:
2402:
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2200:
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2114:
2110:
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2101:
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2071:
2066:
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2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1940:Save Our State
1937:
1932:
1930:No More Deaths
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
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1826:
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1823:
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1817:
1812:
1806:
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1800:
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1677:
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1662:
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1637:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1563:Labor shortage
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1476:Related issues
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1431:
1427:Barton v. Barr
1423:
1415:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1374:
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2356:Referendums
1703:East Boston
1387:Ozawa v. US
1216:Visa policy
1181:DACA (2012)
591:ABA Journal
380:Immigration
282:Immigration
229:by Senator
200:Philippines
75:May 1, 1934
2458:Categories
2179:Canvassing
2113:Candidates
1935:NumbersUSA
1737:Operations
1718:San Ysidro
1478:and events
1305:Government
790:7 February
640:2 February
616:2 February
513:, enacted
505:, 48
447:References
294:, but not
261:Provisions
202:, then an
190:, enacted
182:, 48
85:Public law
53:Long title
2378:Katipunan
1713:Otay Mesa
1592:Geography
1278:Detention
603:0747-0088
350:In 1934,
194:), is an
80:Citations
72:Effective
1531:Coyotaje
1263:E-Verify
1253:US-VISIT
775:ABC-CLIO
665:24 March
611:25723514
570:24 March
425:See also
239:Maryland
147:Senator
111:48
2267:Polling
1506:Effects
495:Pub. L.
302:History
251:Alabama
172:Pub. L.
90:Pub. L.
2389:(1896)
1459:(2021)
1451:(2021)
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1381:(1898)
1329:BORTAC
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1236:Asylum
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330:, and
288:aliens
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180:73–127
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607:JSTOR
507:Stat.
249:) of
237:) of
184:Stat.
113:Stat.
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901:1798
897:1795
792:2011
779:ISBN
748:ISBN
717:ISBN
713:1–30
667:2024
642:2021
618:2021
599:ISSN
572:2024
547:2009
534:ISBN
470:ISBN
247:Dem.
235:Dem.
161:The
64:the
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511:456
188:456
117:456
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245:(
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169:(
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