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Type 99 rifle

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Rifles with an intact chrysanthemum often bring a premium on the collector market, sometimes almost double the price for a like model defaced rifle. Many have been rechambered to more common calibers due to the relative scarcity of factory 7.7×58mm Arisaka; it is particularly suitable for this due to
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In some cases, these rifles may actually be training rifles intended for firing cartridges with a wood projectile only. The training rifles were made of mild steel and were never intended for ball ammunition. It is possible that reports of Type 99 rifles blowing up were simply the results of soldiers
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To gain the superior hitting power of the larger 7.7mm cartridge, several 6.5mm Type 38 rifles were modified for the new round. Although the tests proved satisfactory, the army decided that the added recoil and larger chambering for the 7.7mm cartridge would require an entirely new rifle to be built
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were fitted with lengthened magazine wells and had small notches cut in the top of the receivers to accommodate the .30-06 round's 1/3 inch greater length. Accuracy suffered, due to the difference in cartridges, rifling rate and characteristics, but they were nonetheless functional. Conversions
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never allowed the army to completely replace the Type 38 and so the IJA used both rifles extensively during the war. As the war progressed, more and more cost saving steps were introduced in order to speed up production. Late war rifles are often called "last ditch" or "substitute standard" due to
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supervision. Only about 38,000 were produced, 8,000 at Nagoya and 30,000 at Toyo Kogyo between summer of 1940 and spring of 1941 when production was switched to the much more common new Type 99 short rifle of which millions were made. The long rifle was found to be more cumbersome than the short
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mechanism, operated by pressing in the large knurled disk at the rear of the bolt with the palm of the hand and rotating it in a 1/8 clockwise turn, which is often misunderstood by Western shooters who are used to the Mauser's thumb lever safety. It featured a quick-release bolt and antiaircraft
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testing captured weapons. Unaware that they were using drill rifles, they fired ball ammunition in them with poor results and possible injuries. It is possible that this may have unjustly led to the Arisaka having a reputation (at least for the last ditch rifles) for being of poor construction.
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The Type 99 is one of the strongest military bolt-action rifles ever made, but many late-war ("last ditch") rifles used lower quality parts, and a complete lack of finish, as well as shortcuts taken to ease production. The "last ditch" rifles are usually distinguished by their crudeness: poorly
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Though the Arisaka rifle has never been exported to the United States in great numbers, there are thousands available—most having been brought home by Marines and soldiers returning from the Pacific theater. In many cases, the imperial chrysanthemum atop the receiver has been defaced by the
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finished stock, wooden buttplate, very obvious tooling marks in the metal, rudimentary sights and an unfinished bolt knob and handle. Unlike its predecessors, however, a disadvantage of the Type 99 was its increased recoil due to its lower weight combined with a heavier cartridge.
629:. The Type 30 bayonet had a very long, slender blade, and was grooved to reduce weight. The early models featured a hooked quillion. These bayonets attached to a lug under the barrel and were further stabilized by a loop that fitted around the muzzle. Unmounted, it handled like a 579:
In the West, Japanese equipment is commonly referred to as "Type XX", rather than "Model XX". In the case of a firearm, "model" is a more accurate interpretation of the Shiki (式) character, but the word "type" has become well-established by collectors for decades.
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rifle, and provided only marginally better performance. Thus, it was sidelined in favor of the short rifle, which was much more practical, required less resources to produce, proving more than satisfactory.
477:(IJA) developed the Type 99 based on the Type 38 rifle but with a caliber of 7.7mm. The Type 99 was produced at nine different arsenals. Seven arsenals were located in Japan, with the other two located at 515:
and an anti-aircraft sighting device. The Type 99 was the first mass-produced infantry rifle to have a chrome lined bore to ease cleaning. All of these features were abandoned by mid-war.
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sights, as well as a sliding bolt cover and monopod. As a bolt-action rifle, the Type 99 was a very solid weapon, but as with all manually operated rifles used during
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cartridge, which were converted using SKS barrels. Indonesian forces used a large number of Type 99 rifles in the fighting against the Dutch during the
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The Type 99 was produced in four versions, the regular issue Type 99 short rifle, the Type 99 long rifle (a limited production variant), the take-down
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received Japanese rifles of all types after 1945 and converted some short Type 99 rifles to fire the U.S. .30-06 cartridge during the early 1950s.
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Like the early Type 99 short rifles, these Long rifles were made with a monopod, anti-aircraft lead arms on the rear sight and a dust cover.
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The flip-up anti-aircraft rear sights of a Type 99 rifle. The calipers on the sides are to determine the speed of the targeted aircraft.
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cartridge. Apparently intended for the South Korean "gendarmerie", few rifles appear to have been issued at the end of the war in 1953.
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surrendering Japanese in order to preserve the Emperor's honor: the mark indicated that the rifle was the Emperor's personal property.
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The Type 99 used by South Korea were converted to .30-06 ammo, and was supplied to South Korean military prior to the Korean War.
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The IJA had intended to completely replace the Type 38 with the Type 99 by the end of the war. However, the outbreak of the
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The Control of Local Conflict : A design study on arms control and limited war in the developing areas
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In 1942, a Type 99 with a 660 mm (26 in) barrel was designed, and became the basis for the
607: 508: 226: 116: 1666: 1509:(in Korean). Republic of Korea: Ministry of Defense Institute for Military History. pp. 35–37. 1216:. Vol. 3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for International Studies. p. 91. 682:
Majority of the Type 99s were converted to fire 7.92×57mm ammo for the National Revolutionary Army.
567:(1945–1949), although late Japanese production was less reliable. Sniper rifles were also used. The 2149: 2139: 2134: 2129: 1899: 1894: 1285: 1070: 466: 291: 235: 231: 132: 1707: 1030: 528: 240: 1380: 1934: 1881: 1596: 1577: 1539: 1535: 1510: 1405: 1360: 1356: 1175: 1126: 1081: 598: 253: 155: 128: 100: 1399: 1169: 1120: 2020: 1871: 1804: 1682: 1609: 1217: 418: 2054: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1755: 1662: 969: 937: 808: 793: 626: 568: 265: 64: 32: 2170: 2165: 1427:"Small arms of the Philippine Constabulary: from Moro to Japanese and back again! Part 2" 2010: 2005: 1832: 1799: 1697: 1208: 655: 647: 611: 2195: 1819: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1349: 497: 470: 1221: 461:
in the 1930s, the Japanese soon found that the 7.7mm cartridge being fired by their
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Bloomfield, Lincoln P.; Leiss, Amelia Catherine; et al. (30 June 1967).
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their crudeness of finish. They are generally as crude as the 1945 dated
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for the cartridge. It utilized a cock-on-closing action and an unusual
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Flip-up anti-aircraft sights on Type 99, in the down position.
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re-chambered an unknown number of Type 99 rifles to fire the
1286:"Rifle, U.S., Type 99, Japanese Cal., .30 Stock Replacement" 205:
1,118 mm (44.0 in) or 1,258 mm (49.5 in)
1174:(3rd ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. p. 34. 1125:(3rd ed.). Iola, WI: Krause Publications. p. 33. 693:
Around 133,300 of them were reported to be used worldwide.
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The initial production rifle of the Type 99. Made only by
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1,500 metres (1,600 yd) (short) with telescopic sight
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1,700 metres (1,900 yd) (long) with telescopic sight
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have also been performed by civilians, often along with
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was equipped with 19,103 US Type 99, which chambered
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5-round internal box magazine, stripper clip loaded
298: 286: 274: 264: 252: 225: 209: 201: 193: 188: 177: 169: 161: 147: 142: 96: 83: 75: 70: 60: 50: 23: 1348: 1473:전쟁기념관 The War Memorial of Korea (16 July 2021). 1326:"Japanese Type 99 rifle is rare find for museum" 1148: 1503:Korean War : Weapons of the United Nations 1019:United States Army Military Government in Korea 321: 315: 1625: 1572:Honeycutt, Fred L.; Anthony, F. Patt (2006). 1404:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 77. 8: 1021:, and also obtained from Jinsen Arsenal at 999:: Captured during World War II and used by 511:. The standard rifle also came with a wire 2212:Military equipment introduced in the 1930s 1632: 1618: 1610: 1163: 1161: 1159: 1157: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1108: 20: 835:Full view of an early Type 99 short rifle 823:Full view of an early Type 99 short rifle 445:Learn how and when to remove this message 1306:Hutchison, Harold C. (21 January 2021). 278:656 metres (717 yd) with iron sight 1241: 1092: 847:Flip-up anti-aircraft sights on Type 99 711: 2207:World War II infantry weapons of Japan 1271: 1194: 1099: 781:Barrel of the Type 99 showing rifling 7: 1567:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Company. 1530:Windrow, Martin (15 November 1998). 383:adding citations to reliable sources 1595:. Eva, AL: Lodestone Publications. 1425:Scarlata, Paul (20 December 2009). 1231:from the original on 4 August 2020. 1593:The Japanese Type 99 Arisaka Rifle 1336:from the original on 25 July 2021. 14: 625:The Type 99 can be fitted with a 1532:The French Indochina War 1946–54 1448:"건군 초석 다졌으나 미국의 지원 6·25 막기엔 역부족" 1381:"Best Rifle of the Pacific War?" 1055: 1041: 1007: 989: 975: 962: 944: 926: 908: 876: 864: 852: 840: 828: 816: 800: 786: 774: 762: 750: 738: 726: 714: 359: 275:Effective firing range 37:A Type 99 short rifle between a 31: 721:Full view of a late war Type 99 370:needs additional citations for 1534:. Men-at-Arms. Vol. 322. 1149:Honeycutt & Anthony (2006) 956:Indonesian National Revolution 686:.30-06 Springfield conversions 565:Indonesian National Revolution 290:3,400 metres (3,700 yd) ( 287:Maximum firing range 270:2,477 ft/s (755 m/s) 243:(South Korean/Thai conversion) 178: 113:Indonesian National Revolution 1: 1708:Hamada Type 1, Type 2 pistols 1640:Japanese infantry weapons of 985:: Used during the Korean War. 465:in China was superior to the 1500:Bak, Dongchan (March 2021). 1293:Nambu World Museum Institute 918:: Some re-chambered for the 769:Close-up of the Type 99 bolt 2202:Bolt-action rifles of Japan 1563:Hatcher, Julian S. (1966). 559:cartridge., as well as the 322: 121:Soviet–Japanese Border Wars 2233: 2125:6.5×50mmSR Type 30/Type 38 934:People's Republic of China 883:Type 99 with chrysanthemum 700: 216:657 mm (25.9 in) 197:3.79 kg (8.4 lb) 89: 1398:Edwards, Paul M. (2006). 1347:Smith, Joseph E. (1969). 1330:The Miami County Republic 1244:, pp. 206 & 210. 463:Type 92 heavy machine gun 316: 220: 61:Place of origin 30: 2140:7.7×58mm Type 97/Type 99 1795:Type 97 automatic cannon 1574:Military Rifles of Japan 1222:2027/uiug.30112064404368 733:Buttstock of the Type 99 459:Second Sino-Japanese War 105:Second Sino-Japanese War 1351:Small Arms of the World 871:Dust cover for Type 99. 1810:Type 4 automatic rifle 593: 519:Use by other countries 505:Type 2 paratroop rifle 500:of Germany, or worse. 475:Imperial Japanese Army 341:Imperial Japanese Army 323:Kyūkyū-shiki tan-shōjū 312:or Type 99 short rifle 1168:Walter, John (2006). 1119:Walter, John (2006). 922:cartridge after 1946. 757:Unlocked Type 99 bolt 678:7.92×57mm conversions 608:semi-automatic rifles 591: 1846:Experimental Model 2 1841:Experimental Model 1 1770:Type 99 sniper rifle 1761:Type 97 sniper rifle 703:Type 99 sniper rifle 697:Type 99 sniper rifle 672:Type 99 sniper rifle 509:Type 99 sniper rifle 379:improve this article 266:Muzzle velocity 117:Hukbalahap Rebellion 2217:World War II rifles 2068:Experimental Type 5 2063:Experimental Type 4 1693:North China Type 19 1591:Voigt, Don (2010). 1255:"Bayonets of Japan" 1171:Rifles of the World 1122:Rifles of the World 1071:First Indochina War 1001:Filipino guerrillas 898:its robust action. 745:Locked Type 99 bolt 536:to both .30-06 and 339:design used by the 133:First Indochina War 2159:Handgun cartridges 2135:7.7×58mmSR Type 92 2130:7.7×58mmSR Type 89 1935:Heavy machine guns 1882:Light machine guns 1565:Hatcher's Notebook 1031:.30-06 Springfield 954:: Used during the 594: 529:.30-06 Springfield 241:.30-06 Springfield 143:Production history 2189: 2188: 2176:9×19mm Parabellum 2145:7.7×56mmR British 2021:Grenade launchers 1602:978-0-9801826-8-2 1536:Osprey Publishing 1516:979-11-5598-079-8 1332:. 22 April 2011. 1312:We Are The Mighty 1274:, pp. 18–20. 1259:WorldBayonets.com 1082:Japanese Red Army 916:Republic of China 553:Republic of China 481:in Manchukuo and 469:cartridge of the 455: 454: 447: 429: 306: 305: 156:Nariakira Arisaka 129:Malayan Emergency 101:Chinese Civil War 79:1939–1945 (Japan) 55:Bolt-action rifle 18:Bolt-action rifle 2224: 2150:7.92×57mm Mauser 2055:Rocket launchers 1872:Beretta Model 38 1683:Type 26 revolver 1634: 1627: 1620: 1611: 1606: 1587: 1568: 1550: 1549: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1508: 1497: 1491: 1490: 1488: 1486: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1377: 1371: 1370: 1354: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1290: 1284:Crabtree, Dale. 1281: 1275: 1269: 1263: 1262: 1251: 1245: 1239: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1215: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1186: 1185: 1165: 1152: 1146: 1137: 1136: 1116: 1103: 1097: 1061: 1059: 1058: 1047: 1045: 1044: 1013: 1011: 1010: 995: 993: 992: 981: 979: 978: 968: 966: 965: 950: 948: 947: 938:Chinese militias 932: 930: 929: 914: 912: 911: 880: 868: 856: 844: 832: 820: 804: 790: 778: 766: 754: 742: 730: 718: 551:After 1946, the 450: 443: 439: 436: 430: 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1093: 1086: 1084: 1083: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1053: 1050: 1039: 1036: 1033:, before the 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1005: 1002: 998: 987: 984: 973: 971: 960: 957: 953: 942: 940:in the 1960s. 939: 935: 924: 921: 917: 906: 905: 901: 899: 895: 888: 879: 874: 867: 862: 855: 850: 843: 838: 831: 826: 819: 814: 810: 807:Type 99 with 803: 798: 795: 789: 784: 777: 772: 765: 760: 753: 748: 741: 736: 729: 724: 717: 712: 707: 704: 696: 694: 691: 685: 683: 677: 675: 673: 665: 663: 660: 657: 653: 649: 641: 636: 634: 632: 628: 623: 619: 615: 613: 609: 605: 600: 590: 583: 581: 574: 572: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 549: 547: 543: 539: 534: 530: 526: 518: 516: 514: 510: 506: 501: 499: 496: 491: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 471:Type 38 rifle 468: 464: 460: 449: 446: 438: 427: 424: 420: 417: 413: 410: 406: 403: 399: 396: –  395: 391: 390:Find sources: 384: 380: 374: 373: 368:This section 366: 362: 357: 356: 350: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 331: 324: 311: 310:Type 99 rifle 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 277: 273: 269: 267: 263: 260: 257: 255: 251: 247: 242: 237: 233: 230: 228: 224: 219: 215: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 187: 183: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 157: 153: 150: 146: 141: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 91: 86: 82: 78: 74: 69: 66: 63: 59: 56: 53: 49: 44: 40: 34: 29: 22: 16: 2166:7×20mm Nambu 1865: 1857: 1821: 1815:Type I rifle 1765: 1698:Sugiura Type 1642:World War II 1592: 1573: 1564: 1557:Bibliography 1531: 1525: 1502: 1495: 1483:. Retrieved 1478: 1468: 1456:. Retrieved 1451: 1441: 1432:Shotgun News 1430: 1420: 1400: 1393: 1384: 1375: 1350: 1342: 1329: 1320: 1311: 1301: 1292: 1279: 1272:Voigt (2010) 1267: 1258: 1249: 1237: 1209: 1202: 1195:Voigt (2010) 1190: 1170: 1121: 1100:Voigt (2010) 1095: 1080: 1027:Armed Forces 920:7.92×57mm IS 896: 892: 889:Availability 692: 689: 681: 669: 661: 645: 624: 620: 616: 604:World War II 595: 578: 575:Nomenclature 550: 546:sporterising 542:7.62 Russian 533:These rifles 522: 502: 487: 456: 441: 432: 422: 415: 408: 401: 389: 377:Please help 372:verification 369: 345:World War II 309: 307: 213: length 152:Kijiro Nambu 109:World War II 88: 84:Used by 43:Nagant M1895 39:Mosin-Nagant 15: 1485:3 September 1481:(in Korean) 1458:12 November 1454:(in Korean) 1015:South Korea 997:Philippines 983:North Korea 666:Short rifle 523:During the 490:Pacific War 457:During the 435:August 2021 330:bolt-action 259:Bolt action 181: built 137:Vietnam War 2196:Categories 2117:cartridges 1087:References 1065:: Used by 1035:Korean War 652:Toyo Kogyo 642:Long rifle 525:Korean War 507:, and the 485:in Korea. 405:newspapers 184:~3,500,000 125:Korean War 41:rifle and 1067:Viet Minh 952:Indonesia 561:7.62×39mm 538:7.62 NATO 246:7.62×39mm 227:Cartridge 173:1939–1945 2106:Type 100 2091:Number 2 2086:Number 1 2040:Type 100 1851:Type 100 1675:Handguns 1659:Bayonets 1653:Swords: 1334:Archived 1226:Archived 1049:Thailand 811:attached 637:Variants 540:as well 467:6.5×50mm 170:Produced 162:Designed 148:Designer 45:revolver 2101:Type 95 2096:Type 93 2035:Type 89 2030:Type 10 2001:Type 99 1996:Type 98 1991:Type 97 1986:Type 91 1981:Type 10 1958:Type 97 1953:Type 93 1948:Type 92 1920:Type 99 1915:Type 98 1910:Type 97 1905:Type 96 1900:Type 92 1895:Type 89 1890:Type 11 1788:(other) 1766:Type 99 1746:Type 38 1741:Type 35 1731:Type 30 1722:Arisaka 1663:Type 30 1479:YouTube 1069:during 1063:Vietnam 1023:Incheon 708:Gallery 631:machete 557:8×57 IS 513:monopod 419:scholar 351:History 343:during 337:Arisaka 335:of the 2115:Rifle 2045:Type 2 2011:Type 4 2006:Type 3 1963:Type 1 1943:Type 3 1925:Type 1 1786:Rifles 1718:Rifles 1667:Type 2 1599:  1580:  1542:  1513:  1446:국방일보. 1408:  1363:  1178:  1129:  1060:  1046:  1025:. The 1012:  994:  980:  967:  949:  931:  913:  654:under 599:safety 584:Design 495:Mauser 483:Jinsen 479:Mukden 421:  414:  407:  400:  392:  328:was a 317:九九式短小銃 254:Action 211:Barrel 202:Length 1864:Type 1856:Type 1820:Type 1655:Guntō 1507:(PDF) 1289:(PDF) 1229:(PDF) 1214:(PDF) 902:Users 426:JSTOR 412:books 333:rifle 90:Users 1776:TERA 1597:ISBN 1578:ISBN 1540:ISBN 1511:ISBN 1487:2021 1460:2023 1452:국방일보 1406:ISBN 1361:ISBN 1176:ISBN 1127:ISBN 650:and 610:and 498:K98k 398:news 308:The 194:Mass 165:1939 97:Wars 87:See 51:Type 1357:299 1218:hdl 381:by 179:No. 2198:: 1866:Su 1858:Be 1822:Mo 1665:, 1661:: 1657:, 1477:. 1450:. 1429:. 1383:. 1359:. 1328:. 1310:. 1291:. 1257:. 1224:. 1156:^ 1141:^ 1107:^ 674:. 633:. 614:. 347:. 320:, 1772:) 1768:( 1724:) 1720:( 1633:e 1626:t 1619:v 1605:. 1586:. 1548:. 1519:. 1489:. 1462:. 1435:. 1414:. 1369:. 1314:. 1295:. 1261:. 1220:: 1184:. 1135:. 1037:. 1003:. 958:. 448:) 442:( 437:) 433:( 423:· 416:· 409:· 402:· 375:. 326:) 314:( 294:)

Index


Mosin-Nagant
Nagant M1895
Bolt-action rifle
Empire of Japan
Users
Chinese Civil War
Second Sino-Japanese War
World War II
Indonesian National Revolution
Hukbalahap Rebellion
Soviet–Japanese Border Wars
Korean War
Malayan Emergency
First Indochina War
Vietnam War
Kijiro Nambu
Nariakira Arisaka
Barrel
Cartridge
7.7×58mm Arisaka
7.92×57mm Mauser
.30-06 Springfield
7.62×39mm
Action
Bolt action
Muzzle velocity
7.7×58mm Arisaka
bolt-action
rifle

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