216:
631:. For transportation, the hull was broken into four sections and the bridge was removed. Due to the space restrictions, the forward bow section had to be made as short as possible, which meant that only two torpedo tubes could be fitted and no reload torpedoes could be carried. The torpedoes were loaded by ballasting the submarine down at the stern so that the bow lifted clear of the water and the torpedoes could be loaded directly into their tubes from a barge. The Type XXIII proved to have excellent handling characteristics, and was highly maneuverable both on the surface and underwater. Its
149:
177:
36:
190:
229:
164:
203:
97:
529:, which allowed the diesel engines to be used while submerged. The Type XXI and XXIII U-boats revolutionized post-war submarine design. Nearly a thousand Type XXIII boats were projected towards the close of World War II, but most of these were either cancelled, scrapped incomplete, or only projected.
615:
The Type XXIII had an all-welded single hull, the first submarine to use such a design. It had a fully streamlined outer casing and apart from the relatively small conning tower and a fairing which housed the Diesel exhaust silencer, it had an uncluttered upper deck. In line with Walter's design
525:, which had to be loaded externally. As with their far larger sisters—the Type XXI—they were able to remain submerged almost all of the time and were faster than conventional U-boats, due to the improved streamlining of their shape, batteries with larger capacity and the
989:
was the last merchant ship to be sunk by a U-boat. At the time it was felt that Kapitänleutnant
Klusmeier, who was on his first patrol, had deliberately ignored Dönitz's ceasefire order; however, Klusmeier claimed that he had never received the order.
2591:
623:
The submarine was propelled by a single three-bladed propeller and steered by a single rudder. As with the Type XXI, the lower section of the figure-of-eight hull was used to house a large 62-cell battery.
575:
As with the Type XXI, the Type XXIII was intended to be constructed in sections, various modules being produced by different subcontractors. Some were to be assembled at foreign yards, including
1948:
537:
When development began on the Type XXI U-boat in late 1942, it was proposed to simultaneously develop a smaller version incorporating the same advanced technology to replace the
1205:
Although a total of 980 Type XXIII submarines were planned, many were scrapped incomplete (or indeed never ordered in many cases), only the following 61 vessels were built:
707:) were ordered from Deutsche Werft's wartime occupied yards at Toulon, but the first nine of these were scrapped incomplete on the stocks and the remainder never commenced.
564:
prototype. By 30 June 1943 the design was ready and construction began in parallel at several shipyards in
Germany, France, Italy and Ukraine. The lead contractor was
2482:
769:), of which the first 120 were ordered and started were subsequently scrapped incomplete, with the others cancelled and never begun; and three hundred at Kiel (
2477:
556:
The development of the Type XXIII was given a high priority, with an emphasis on using existing components as much as possible. To reduce development time,
3971:
3474:
1941:
901:
sailed from Kiel on 18 January 1945. Although she was to survive the war, she sank no enemy vessels. The first Type XXIII to achieve combat success was
607:, Germaniawerft building 51 and Deutsche Werft 49. Of the 280 submarines ordered, only 61 entered service, and only 6 ever carried out a war patrol.
2467:
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Emil
Klusmeier, later sank the last Allied ships lost in the European war on 7 May 1945, when she torpedoed the freighters
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1200:
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553:, it had to be able to be transported by rail, and it had to use the standard 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes.
3858:
3511:
3170:
2541:
1183:
in
September 1966, taking 19 of her 20 crewmen with her. Her loss is the greatest maritime post-war disaster that the
627:
In order to allow the boat to be transported by rail, the hull sections had to be limited in size to fit the standard
561:
2576:
591:
yard on 1 May 1944 and subsequently cancelled. In the end, circumstances meant that construction was concentrated at
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has suffered. The experience gained from the two recommissioned submarines led to the construction of the
922:
889:
414:
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In early May 1945, 31 XXIIIs were scuttled by their crews. 20 surrendered to the Allies and were sunk in
649: kn (23 km/h), and while surfaced its speed was 9 kn (17 km/h). A submerged speed of
3691:
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3635:
3562:
3155:
3139:
635:
time was 9 seconds, and its maximum diving depth was 180 metres (98 fathoms). Submerged, its speed was
2930:
761:
Eight hundred additional units were intended to be built by
Deutsche Werft - five hundred at Hamburg (
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2521:
1882:
U-Boat Fact File: Detailed
Service Histories of the Submarines Operated by the Kriegsmarine 1935-1945
1518:
909:
710:
Another sixty were ordered to be built by the company at other yards in occupied nations - thirty at
403:
234:
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2440:
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254:
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3843:
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2404:
1746:
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1155:
914:
514:
267:
3904:
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950:
913:
Fridtjof Heckel. Sailing from a
Norwegian base on 6 February 1945, she encountered a convoy off
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3339:
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399:
RS134S 6-cylinder diesel engine, 575–630 metric horsepower (423–463 kW; 567–621 shp)
322:
248:
588:
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3808:
3491:
3452:
3253:
2872:
2778:
2708:
2666:
2508:
1773:. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press.
961:
3663:
3617:
3572:
3237:
2764:
2631:
2531:
557:
407:
985:
were sunk around 23:03, less than an hour before the official German surrender, and the
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2601:
2433:
971:
918:
827:
815:
600:
565:
542:
117:
822:
on 17 April 1944. It was one of six XXIIIs that went on operational patrol around the
3955:
3899:
3627:
3595:
3385:
3375:
3284:
2935:
2834:
2827:
2715:
1793:
831:
823:
758:) were projected but never ordered. All of these were cancelled and never commenced.
696:
628:
592:
546:
476:
127:
1160:
888:- were sunk by the Allies' ships but they sank four ships for a total of 7,392
3914:
3909:
3535:
3329:
3314:
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3115:
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2857:
2673:
2596:
1750:
1135:
956:
939:
518:
154:
17:
3309:
3294:
2852:
1184:
1180:
1028:
967:
494:
221:
208:
182:
169:
3575:
1044:
1032:
1008:
723:
632:
417:
CCR188 electric creeping motor, 35 metric horsepower (26 kW; 35 shp)
195:
3799:
3678:
550:
506:
502:
339:
1145:
1077:
was accidentally rammed and sunk by an unidentified U-boat on 5 May 1945.
735:
584:
396:
1926:
1127:
One Type XXIII was allocated to the Soviet Union under the terms of the
3435:
1165:
following a collision with another U-boat), and recommissioned them as
819:
604:
569:
522:
121:
96:
3879:
3874:
3795:
3430:
3334:
2456:
1031:
aircraft which killed 12 crewmen and sank the boat east-northeast of
1854:
The U-boat: The evolution and technical history of German submarines
444:
2,600 nmi (4,800 km) at 8 kn (15 km/h) surfaced
1908:
3344:
711:
335:
545:
added two requirements: as the boat would have to operate in the
1035:
in
Denmark on 4 May 1945, before she ever went on combat patrol.
895:
The first war patrol of a Type XXIII began late in the war when
835:
739:
596:
131:
3456:
2429:
1930:
447:
194 nmi (359 km) at 4 kn (7 km/h) submerged
29:
1728:
1726:
663: kn (19 km/h) could be attained while snorkeling.
1771:
German
Warships 1815–1945, U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
1175:(Pike), with pennant numbers S 170 and S 171 respectively.
2425:
497:("electric boats") to become operational. They were small
687:) were ordered from Deutsche Werft, Hamburg, while two (
1835:
Submarines of the
Russian and Soviet Navies, 1718-1990
1131:, and a second unit was reportedly salvaged in 1948.
1663:
1661:
410:, 580 metric horsepower (427 kW; 572 shp)
3867:
3794:
3736:
3677:
3626:
3594:
3571:
3534:
3490:
3393:
3384:
3358:
3277:
3222:
3124:
3114:
2949:
2898:
2889:
2845:
2610:
2564:
2507:
1769:Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991).
1019:
was lost in a training accident on 10 October 1944.
1795:Wolf Pack: The Story of the U-boat in World War II
1792:
934:, operating from the same base, sank the coaster
587:, Southern Ukraine. These were reassigned to the
560:designed the new submarine based on the previous
501:designed to operate in the shallow waters of the
1705:
826:in early 1945. Forty-eight others followed from
998:Seven Type XXIIIs were lost to various causes.
521:. They were so small they could carry only two
3468:
2441:
1942:
8:
844:was the last one launched, on 1 March 1945.
699:'s yard at Kiel. Twenty-nine further boats (
1683:
1681:
3475:
3461:
3453:
3390:
3121:
2895:
2448:
2434:
2426:
1949:
1935:
1927:
1732:
1717:
1069:was sunk by Allied aircraft on 2 May 1945.
852:None of the six operational Type XXIIIs -
3484:German naval ship classes of World War II
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1814:Williamson, Gordon; Palmer, Ian (2002).
1671:(1965) in the Macdonald & Co series
43:This article includes a list of general
2468:Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I
1657:
91:
2473:Battle of the Atlantic (World War II)
1833:Polmar, Norman; Jurrien Noot (1991).
432:12.5 kn (23 km/h) submerged
429:9.7 kn (18.0 km/h) surfaced
345:258 t (284 short tons) submerged
7:
1055:was accidentally rammed and sunk by
695:) were ordered from Friedrich Krupp
1816:Kriegsmarine U-boats 1939-45: Vol 2
620:, although these were added later.
101:Rendering of a Type XXIII submarine
3972:World War II submarines of Germany
1913:German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net
789:) were actually built (orders for
385:3.66 m (12 ft 0 in)
377:3.02 m (9 ft 11 in)
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2620:List of wolfpacks of World War II
1884:. Leicester: Midland Publishing.
616:practice, there were no forward
251:(Conventional coastal submarine)
227:
214:
201:
188:
175:
162:
147:
95:
34:
1745:Lundy, Iain (25 January 2005).
1191:, which was in use until 2011.
257:(AIP-powered coastal submarine)
3371:Unrestricted submarine warfare
1673:Navies of the Second World War
583:at the Deutsche Werft yard at
27:German coastal submarine class
1:
1201:List of Type XXIII submarines
1138:raised two Type XXIII boats,
1047:and sunk on 26 December 1944.
2483:Mediterranean (World War II)
1856:. London: Cassell & Co.
1706:Williamson & Palmer 2002
1696:Rössler (2001), pp. 209-210.
671:The first forty-nine boats (
408:double-acting electric motor
2478:Mediterranean (World War I)
1115:(later Norwegian submarine
3988:
2863:Battle of the St. Lawrence
2415:List of U-boats of Germany
1909:"Type XXIII Electro boats"
1852:Rössler, Eberhard (2001).
1198:
750:), where a further forty (
355:34.68 m (113 ft
268:Type 201 coastal submarine
3923:
2592:Knight's Cross recipients
2463:
2399:
1964:
1837:. Naval Institute Press.
1646:British R-class submarine
1101:(later British submarine
1091:(later British submarine
734:) and another fifteen at
493:were the first so-called
313:
106:
94:
3187:Italian battleship
3171:Russian battleship
1105:, then Soviet submarine
457:180 m (590 ft)
3203:French battleship
3148:French battleship
2587:World War II commanders
1179:sank in a gale off the
948:, under the command of
515:Type XXI electric boats
314:General characteristics
64:more precise citations.
2582:World War I commanders
1880:Sharpe, Peter (1998).
1119:) – survived the war.
808:The first Type XXIII,
805:were projected only).
797:were cancelled, while
3962:Type XXIII submarines
1958:Type XXIII submarines
1907:Helgason, GuĂ°mundur.
1818:. Osprey Publishing.
491:Type XXIII submarines
3930:Single ship of class
3885:M-class minesweepers
3859:Uncompleted projects
3320:Metox radar detector
2542:Uncompleted projects
1061:on 18 February 1945.
1027:was sunk by British
938:on 5 April 1945 off
910:Oberleutnant zur See
814:, was launched from
235:Royal Norwegian Navy
3890:F-class escort ship
1669:German Submarines 2
1083:Operation Deadlight
890:gross register tons
543:Admiral Karl Dönitz
541:coastal submarine.
255:Type XVII submarine
3895:Auxiliary cruisers
3300:FuG 200 Hohentwiel
1789:Williamson, Gordon
1189:Type 206 submarine
830:and fourteen from
499:coastal submarines
3967:Submarine classes
3949:
3948:
3492:Aircraft carriers
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3366:Submarine warfare
3340:Sieglinde (decoy)
3273:
3272:
3189:Regina Margherita
3110:
3109:
2846:Major engagements
2423:
2422:
2409:Followed by: None
1735:, pp. 64–65.
1154:(which sank near
1144:(scuttled in the
1129:Potsdam Agreement
777:), where eleven (
511:Mediterranean Sea
487:
486:
323:Coastal submarine
264:Succeeded by
249:Type II submarine
90:
89:
82:
18:Type XXIII U-boat
16:(Redirected from
3979:
3710:Type 1936A(Mob)/
3477:
3470:
3463:
3454:
3391:
3122:
2896:
2891:U-boat flotillas
2549:Austro-Hungarian
2532:Foreign captured
2450:
2443:
2436:
2427:
1951:
1944:
1937:
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1164:
1011:on 26 July 1944.
928:on 25 February.
662:
661:
657:
654:
648:
647:
643:
640:
517:were at risk in
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60:this article by
51:inline citations
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3573:Pre-dreadnought
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2527:Most successful
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1955:
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1873:Further reading
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1747:"Avondale Park"
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1733:Williamson 2005
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1724:
1718:Williamson 2005
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1679:
1667:Trevor Lenton,
1666:
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1203:
1197:
1158:
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996:
951:Kapitänleutnant
921:, and sank the
907:, commanded by
850:
848:Service history
669:
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650:
645:
641:
638:
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613:
558:Hellmuth Walter
535:
513:, where larger
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285:1944–1968
277:1944–1945
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56:Please help to
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3628:Light cruisers
3624:
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3612:Admiral Hipper
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3600:
3598:
3596:Heavy cruisers
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3312:
3307:
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3259:
3251:
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3208:
3200:
3192:
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3119:
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2941:Constantinople
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2556:
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2537:Never deployed
2534:
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2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1902:
1901:External links
1899:
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1689:
1687:Polmar, p. 322
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1199:Main article:
1196:
1195:Boats in class
1193:
1124:
1121:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1062:
1048:
1036:
1020:
1012:
1007:was sunk by a
995:
992:
972:Firth of Forth
919:Northumberland
849:
846:
828:Deutsche Werft
816:Deutsche Werft
722:), fifteen at
668:
665:
612:
609:
601:Deutsche Werft
566:Deutsche Werft
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118:Deutsche Werft
113:
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107:Class overview
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100:
88:
87:
70:September 2021
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
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3:
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3900:Vorpostenboot
3898:
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3774:
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3769:
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3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3738:Torpedo boats
3735:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
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3625:
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3609:
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3601:
3599:
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3587:
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3570:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3536:Capital ships
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3501:Graf Zeppelin
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3473:
3471:
3466:
3464:
3459:
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3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3409:Saint-Nazaire
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3376:Rocket U-boat
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:Anechoic tile
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3116:Capital ships
3113:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
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3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
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2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
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2830:
2826:
2824:
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2819:
2817:
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2812:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
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2690:
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2679:
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2669:
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2656:
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2649:
2648:
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2637:
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2634:
2630:
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2623:
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2609:
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2446:
2444:
2439:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2403:Preceded by:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2371:
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2329:
2328:
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2317:
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2296:
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2259:
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2247:
2245:
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2240:
2238:
2237:
2233:
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2230:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1891:1-85780-072-9
1887:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1863:0-304-36120-8
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1844:0-87021-570-1
1840:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1825:1-84176-364-0
1821:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1780:0-85177-593-4
1776:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1720:, p. 63.
1719:
1714:
1711:
1708:, p. 37.
1707:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
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1605:
1601:
1599:
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1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1584:
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1577:
1573:
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1566:
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1531:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1148:in 1945) and
1147:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1134:In 1956, the
1132:
1130:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1001:
1000:
999:
993:
991:
988:
987:Avondale Park
984:
983:Avondale Park
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
964:
963:Avondale Park
959:
958:
953:
952:
947:
946:
941:
937:
933:
932:
927:
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:
906:
905:
900:
899:
893:
892: (GRT).
891:
887:
886:
881:
880:
875:
874:
869:
868:
863:
862:
857:
856:
847:
845:
843:
842:
837:
833:
832:Germaniawerft
829:
825:
824:British Isles
821:
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813:
812:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
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749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
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713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
697:Germaniawerft
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
666:
664:
634:
630:
629:loading gauge
625:
621:
619:
610:
608:
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602:
598:
594:
593:Germaniawerft
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
548:
547:Mediterranean
544:
540:
532:
530:
528:
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520:
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508:
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500:
496:
492:
480:
478:
477:torpedo tubes
474:
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282:In commission
281:
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128:Germaniawerft
126:
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84:
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73:
63:
59:
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32:
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19:
3915:Sperrbrecher
3910:Siebel ferry
3848:
3711:
3703:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3611:
3604:
3584:
3551:
3544:
3519:
3512:
3500:
3394:World War II
3330:Pillenwerfer
3315:Mark 24 mine
3290:Depth charge
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3231:
3223:World War II
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
2950:World War II
2878:
2868:Convoy ONS 5
2858:Convoy PQ 17
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2597:Erich Raeder
2509:U-boat lists
2497:
2489:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1957:
1916:. Retrieved
1912:
1881:
1853:
1834:
1815:
1794:
1770:
1762:Bibliography
1751:The Scotsman
1740:
1713:
1701:
1692:
1672:
1668:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
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1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
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1470:
1463:
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1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1176:
1172:
1171:(Shark) and
1166:
1149:
1139:
1136:Bundesmarine
1133:
1126:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1039:
1023:
1015:
1003:
997:
986:
982:
978:
976:
962:
955:
949:
944:
940:St Abbs Head
935:
930:
925:
908:
903:
897:
894:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
851:
840:
810:
807:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
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766:
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760:
755:
751:
747:
743:
731:
727:
719:
715:
709:
704:
700:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
670:
667:Construction
626:
622:
614:
580:
576:
574:
555:
536:
519:World War II
495:elektroboote
490:
488:
342:) surfaced
329:Displacement
156:Kriegsmarine
155:
76:
67:
48:
3942:Conversions
3702:Type 1936A/
3669:Spähkreuzer
3605:Deutschland
3585:Deutschland
3576:battleships
3545:Scharnhorst
3310:Leigh light
3295:Elektroboot
3125:World War I
2899:World War I
2853:Convoy SC 7
2787:Steinbrinck
2602:Karl Dönitz
1185:German Navy
1181:Dogger Bank
1159: [
1156:SchleimĂĽnde
1085:. Only 3 –
1029:Beaufighter
970:inside the
968:Isle of May
618:hydroplanes
611:Description
243:Preceded by
222:Soviet Navy
209:French Navy
183:Volksmarine
170:German Navy
62:introducing
3956:Categories
3849:Type XXIII
3800:submarines
3723:Type 1936C
3718:Type 1936B
3692:Type 1934A
3679:Destroyers
3651:Königsberg
3278:Technology
3248:Courageous
3158:Formidable
3142:Cornwallis
2773:Schlieffen
2724:Pfadfinder
2703:Kreuzotter
2640:Delphin II
2565:Commanders
2496:Operation
2490:Regenbogen
2488:Operation
1806:1841768723
1799:. Osprey.
1652:References
1033:Fredericia
1009:naval mine
785:, exclude
724:Monfalcone
633:crash dive
533:Background
481:No reloads
462:Complement
454:Test depth
390:Propulsion
340:short tons
196:Royal Navy
134:(13 boats)
124:(48 boats)
45:references
3936:Cancelled
3854:Type XXVI
3839:Type XVII
3728:Type 1942
3697:Type 1936
3687:Type 1934
3325:Mousetrap
3264:Royal Oak
3262:HMS
3254:HMS
3246:HMS
3238:HMS
3232:Ark Royal
3230:HMS
3211:HMS
3195:HMS
3179:HMS
3156:HMS
3140:HMS
3134:Britannia
3132:HMS
2873:Black May
2801:Streitaxt
2794:Siegfried
2661:Eisteufel
2612:Wolfpacks
2498:Deadlight
979:Sneland I
957:Sneland I
562:Type XXII
551:Black Sea
523:torpedoes
507:Black Sea
503:North Sea
406:GU4463-8
369: in)
334:234
298:Completed
141:Operators
3844:Type XXI
3834:Type XIV
3819:Type VII
3552:Bismarck
3520:Seydlitz
3419:Valentin
3415:Germany
3359:Concepts
3305:Hedgehog
3181:Majestic
3173:Peresvet
2926:Flanders
2879:Bismarck
2822:Weddigen
2815:Vorwärts
2759:Rossbach
2745:Raubgraf
2682:Hartmann
2405:Type XXI
1918:20 April
1791:(2005).
1640:See also
1146:Kattegat
981:and the
966:off the
736:Nikolaev
585:Nikolaev
579:through
549:and the
470:Armament
112:Builders
3880:R boats
3875:E-boats
3824:Type IX
3814:Type II
3796:U-boats
3786:Ausland
3781:Type 44
3776:Type 41
3771:Type 40
3766:Type 39
3761:Type 37
3756:Type 35
3751:Type 24
3746:Type 23
3658:Leipzig
3637:Gazelle
3436:Dora II
3404:Lorient
3400:France
3350:Snorkel
3213:Triumph
3205:Suffren
3197:Russell
3165:Gaulois
2957:Regions
2931:Kurland
2808:TĂĽmmler
2780:Seewolf
2710:Leuthen
2696:Kiebitz
2668:Endrass
2647:Dränger
2626:BlĂĽcher
2554:Classes
2457:U-boats
1173:U-Hecht
1123:Postwar
1117:Knerter
1109:), and
923:coaster
915:Berwick
820:Hamburg
658:⁄
644:⁄
605:Hamburg
589:Linzner
570:Hamburg
539:Type II
527:snorkel
489:German
364:⁄
290:Planned
122:Hamburg
58:improve
3829:Type X
3809:Type I
3712:Narvik
3704:Narvik
3431:Dora I
3426:Norway
3335:Q-ship
3240:Barham
3150:Danton
2766:Schill
2752:Rösing
2654:Eisbär
2633:Borkum
2517:German
2390:U-4712
2383:U-4711
2376:U-4710
2369:U-4709
2362:U-4707
2355:U-4706
2348:U-4705
2341:U-4704
2334:U-4703
2327:U-4702
2320:U-4701
2313:U-2371
2306:U-2369
2299:U-2368
2292:U-2367
2285:U-2366
2278:U-2365
2271:U-2364
2264:U-2363
2257:U-2362
2250:U-2361
2243:U-2360
2236:U-2359
2229:U-2358
2222:U-2357
2215:U-2356
2208:U-2355
2201:U-2354
2194:U-2353
2187:U-2352
2180:U-2351
2173:U-2350
2166:U-2349
2159:U-2348
2152:U-2347
2145:U-2346
2138:U-2345
2131:U-2344
2124:U-2343
2117:U-2342
2110:U-2341
2103:U-2340
2096:U-2339
2089:U-2338
2082:U-2337
2075:U-2336
2068:U-2335
2061:U-2334
2054:U-2333
2047:U-2332
2040:U-2331
2033:U-2330
2026:U-2329
2019:U-2328
2012:U-2327
2005:U-2326
1998:U-2325
1991:U-2324
1984:U-2323
1977:U-2322
1970:U-2321
1888:
1860:
1841:
1822:
1803:
1777:
1632:U-4712
1625:U-4711
1618:U-4710
1611:U-4709
1604:U-4707
1597:U-4706
1590:U-4705
1583:U-4704
1576:U-4703
1569:U-4702
1562:U-4701
1555:U-2371
1548:U-2369
1541:U-2368
1534:U-2367
1527:U-2366
1520:U-2365
1513:U-2364
1506:U-2363
1499:U-2362
1492:U-2361
1485:U-2360
1478:U-2359
1471:U-2358
1464:U-2357
1457:U-2356
1450:U-2355
1443:U-2354
1436:U-2353
1429:U-2352
1422:U-2351
1415:U-2350
1408:U-2349
1401:U-2348
1394:U-2347
1387:U-2346
1380:U-2345
1373:U-2344
1366:U-2343
1359:U-2342
1352:U-2341
1345:U-2340
1338:U-2339
1331:U-2338
1324:U-2337
1317:U-2336
1310:U-2335
1303:U-2334
1296:U-2333
1289:U-2332
1282:U-2331
1275:U-2330
1268:U-2329
1261:U-2328
1254:U-2327
1247:U-2326
1240:U-2325
1233:U-2324
1226:U-2323
1219:U-2322
1212:U-2321
1151:U-2367
1141:U-2365
1112:U-4706
1098:U-2353
1088:U-2326
1074:U-2367
1066:U-2359
1058:U-2336
1052:U-2344
1040:U-2342
1024:U-2338
1016:U-2331
1004:U-2323
994:Losses
945:U-2336
936:Gasray
931:U-2321
926:Egholm
904:U-2322
898:U-2324
885:U-2336
879:U-2329
873:U-2326
867:U-2324
861:U-2322
855:U-2321
841:U-4712
811:U-2321
803:U-5000
799:U-4892
795:U-4891
791:U-4713
787:U-4708
783:U-4712
779:U-4701
775:U-5000
771:U-4701
767:U-4500
763:U-4001
756:U-2500
752:U-2461
748:U-2460
744:U-2446
732:U-2445
728:U-2431
720:U-2430
716:U-2401
705:U-2400
701:U-2372
693:U-2333
689:U-2332
685:U-2371
681:U-2334
679:, and
677:U-2331
673:U-2321
581:U-2460
577:U-2446
475:2 bow
352:Length
232:
219:
206:
193:
180:
167:
152:
47:, but
3868:Other
3644:Emden
3386:Bases
3345:Sonar
3256:Eagle
2881:chase
2738:Prien
2731:Pfeil
2689:Hecht
2522:Types
1177:U-Hai
1168:U-Hai
1163:]
1045:mined
712:Genoa
465:14–18
439:Range
424:Speed
382:Draft
338:(258
274:Built
3513:Jade
3118:sunk
2936:Pola
2836:Wolf
2829:West
2717:Lohs
1920:2015
1886:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1839:ISBN
1820:ISBN
1801:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1107:M-51
1043:was
977:The
960:and
882:and
836:Kiel
740:Linz
738:and
691:and
599:and
597:Kiel
509:and
413:1 Ă—
402:1 Ă—
395:1 Ă—
374:Beam
319:Type
306:Lost
293:980
132:Kiel
3102:33.
3097:32.
3092:31.
3087:30.
3082:29.
3077:27.
3072:26.
3067:25.
3062:24.
3057:23.
3052:22.
3047:21.
3042:20.
3037:19.
3032:18.
3027:14.
3022:13.
3017:12.
3012:11.
3007:10.
2916:III
2675:Hai
2577:FdU
2572:BdU
1103:N31
1095:),
1093:N35
834:of
818:in
801:to
793:to
781:to
773:to
765:to
754:to
746:to
730:to
718:to
703:to
683:to
675:to
603:in
595:in
568:in
415:BBC
404:AEG
397:MWM
3958::
3526:II
3002:9.
2997:8.
2992:7.
2987:6.
2982:5.
2977:4.
2972:3.
2967:2.
2962:1.
2921:IV
2911:II
1911:.
1749:.
1725:^
1680:^
1660:^
1161:de
974:.
942:.
917:,
876:,
870:,
864:,
858:,
838:.
651:10
637:12
572:.
505:,
301:61
130:,
120:,
3939:V
3933:X
3927:S
3802:)
3798:(
3664:M
3618:P
3563:O
3558:H
3507:I
3476:e
3469:t
3462:v
2906:I
2449:e
2442:t
2435:v
1950:e
1943:t
1936:v
1922:.
1894:.
1866:.
1847:.
1828:.
1809:.
1783:.
1753:.
1675:.
742:(
726:(
714:(
660:2
656:1
653:+
646:2
642:1
639:+
366:2
362:1
359:+
357:9
336:t
309:7
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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