25:
1279:
The designators F1B and F1D should be used for FSK radiotelegraphy and data transmissions, no matter how the radio frequency signal is generated (common examples are Audio FSK used to modulate an SSB transmitter or direct FSK modulation of an FM transmitter via varactor diode). However, occasionally
1287:
The emission designator for QAM is D7W. The D7W comes from
Paragraph 42 of the FCC's July 10, 1996, Digital Declaratory Order allowing then ITFS/MMDS stations to use 64QAM digital instead of NTSC analog. The emission designator for COFDM is W7D. The W7D comes from Paragraph 40 of the November 13,
890:
There is some overlap in signal types, so a transmission might legitimately be described by two or more designators. In such cases, there is usually a preferred conventional designator.
1182:
Signalling by transmitting a modulated tone with a carrier, so that it can easily be heard using an ordinary AM receiver. It was formerly widely used for station identification of
191:(WARC 79), and gave rise to the Radio Regulations that came into force on 1 January 1982. A similar designation system had been in use under prior Radio Regulations.
367:
208:
above) is expressed as four characters: three digits and one letter. The letter occupies the position normally used for a decimal point, and indicates what unit of
42:
1004:
559:
Types 4 and 5 were removed from use with the 1982 Radio
Regulations. In previous editions, they had indicated facsimile and video, respectively.
156:
is a letter indicating the type of modulation used of the main carrier (not including any subcarriers which is why FM stereo is F8E and not D8E),
188:
122:
89:
61:
1476:
1234:
Data transmission by frequency modulation of a radio frequency carrier with an audio frequency FSK subcarrier. Often called AFSK/FM.
137:, nature of the modulating signal, and type of information transmitted on the carrier signal. It is based on characteristics of the
108:
1122:
68:
1491:
843:
1468:
46:
1496:
244:
Hertz. For instance, "500H" means 500 Hz, and "2M50" means 2.5 MHz. The first character must be a digit between
130:
75:
1389:
442:
57:
1288:
2002, ET Docket 01-75 R&O. It is only coincidence that the QAM and COFDM emission designators are reciprocals.
1280:
the alternatives J2B and J2D are used to designate FSK signals generated by audio modulation of an SSB transmitter.
861:
832:
446:
382:
352:
1323:
35:
1191:
1086:(LMRS) users operating above 50 MHz were required to upgrade to narrowband equipment by 1 January 2013.
407:
775:
Commercial-quality sound, independent FM signals, such as pilot tones, used to control the demodulated signal
1375:
1206:
1183:
1147:
392:
1410:
82:
903:
331:
297:
286:
1260:
1095:
1083:
939:
1007:
985:
308:
1163:
1472:
947:
943:
1354:
1305:
1106:
1036:
911:
342:
1309:
1159:
935:
914:
126:
1221:
1126:
1110:
711:
Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and duration, error-correction included
356:
1485:
1210:
1167:
1063:
1056:
907:
593:
173:
946:
transmissions. Since there are generally pilot tones (subcarriers) for stereo and
168:
is a letter indicating the practical details of the transmitted information, and
160:
is a digit representing the type of modulating signal again of the main carrier,
617:
24:
1446:
Determination of
Necessary Bandwidths Including Examples for their Calculation
1432:
1424:
1187:
1171:
767:
Commercial-quality sound—frequency inversion and-or "band-splitting" employed
643:
582:
134:
924:
628:
613:
371:
209:
1306:"TRC-43 — Designation of Emissions, Class of Station and Nature of Service"
735:
Multi-condition code, one character represented by one or more conditions
1224:
283:
1330:
1329:. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
1024:
1000:
433:
Sequence of pulses, with phase or frequency modulation in each pulse
129:
signals. Each type of radio emission is classified according to its
1066:, marine, and aviation users and land mobile users below 50 MHz
1243:
996:
963:
639:
233:
225:
217:
164:
is a letter corresponding to the type of information transmitted,
1060:
982:
967:
654:
No transmitted information (other than existence of the signal)
396:
312:
241:
513:
One channel containing digital information, using a subcarrier
1079:
1075:
1052:
1040:
959:
18:
1378:. Public safety spectrum. Federal Communications Commission.
703:
Two-condition code, elements fixed in quantity and duration
1098:(LMRS), already required on 700 MHz public safety band
695:
Two-condition code, elements vary in quantity and duration
1436:, ITU Geneva, 2004, c.f. Volume 2 - Appendices, Appendix 1
1082:
deviation – In the United States, all Part 90
592:
Electronic telegraphy, intended to be decoded by machine (
505:
One channel containing digital information, no subcarrier
950:
the designator '8' is used, to indicate multiple signals.
727:
Multi-condition code, one condition per "signal element"
581:
Aural telegraphy, intended to be decoded by ear, such as
719:
Four-condition code, one condition per "signal element"
631:(voice or music intended to be listened to by a human)
417:
Unmodulated carrier (steady, single-frequency signal)
125:
uses an internationally agreed system for classifying
1146:
Continuous, unmodulated carrier, formerly common for
751:
Stereophonic or quadraphonic broadcast-quality sound
529:
More than one channel containing digital information
871:
Combination of
Frequency-division and Time-division
537:
More than one channel containing analog information
1442:, Recommendation ITU-R V.573-4, ITU-R, Geneva, 2000
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1158:Signalling by keying the carrier directly, a.k.a.
1454:, Australian Communications Authority, Canberra
1452:Emission characteristics of radio transmissions
1113:bands by marine, aeronautical and amateur users
1035:FM speech communication – often used for
187:This designation system was agreed at the 1979
300:(two sidebands containing different signals)
212:is used to express the bandwidth. The letter
8:
1448:, Recommendation ITU-R SM.1138, Geneva, 1995
1150:(RDF) in marine and aeronautical navigation.
545:Combination of analog and digital channels
1125:) speech communication, primarily used on
817:
680:
566:
521:One channel containing analog information
482:
267:
172:is a letter that represents the method of
1395:. American Radio Relay League. July 2010.
1023:AM speech communication – used for
759:Commercial-quality sound (non-broadcast)
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Classification of radio frequency signals
970:television video signals (formerly type
799:Combination of two or more of the above
456:Combination of pulse modulation methods
1458:Notes Regarding Designation of Emission
1297:
1272:
368:Single-sideband with suppressed carrier
144:An emission designation is of the form
1051:Wide FM, 20.0 kHz width, ±5
425:Sequence of pulses without modulation
1094:Even narrower FM, future roadmap for
189:World Administrative Radio Conference
123:International Telecommunication Union
7:
1411:"Complete List of Radio Regulations"
1170:. This is often but not necessarily
47:adding citations to reliable sources
743:Monophonic broadcast-quality sound
355:with full carrier (e.g. as used by
14:
1055:deviation, still widely used for
942:, and as the audio component of
662:Combination of any of the above
464:Combination of any of the above
152:is the bandwidth of the signal,
23:
1355:"Narrowbanding for technicians"
563:Type of transmitted information
323:Combination of AM and FM or PM
256:; it may not be the digit
141:, not on the transmitter used.
34:needs additional citations for
1469:Radio Society of Great Britain
1465:Amateur Radio Operating Manual
1440:Radiocommunications Vocabulary
1186:, usually but not exclusively
1129:bands by the military (a.k.a.
1109:speech communication, used on
374:utility and amateur stations)
1:
1027:& amateur communications
853:None used / not multiplexed
835:(excluding spread spectrum)
1242:Phase-shift keying such as
938:for radio transmissions on
791:Full-color images or video
1513:
1376:"Narrowbanding transition"
1209:(FSK) telegraphy, such as
1121:SSB with reduced carrier (
783:Greyscale images or video
383:Pulse-amplitude modulation
353:Single-sideband modulation
334:(e.g. FM broadcast radio)
289:(e.g. AM broadcast radio)
58:"Types of radio emissions"
1192:modulated continuous wave
1096:Land Mobile Radio Service
1084:Land Mobile Radio Service
604:Facsimile (still images)
479:Type of modulating signal
408:Pulse-position modulation
1010:, commonly on VHF or UHF
988:, commonly on VHF or UHF
1460:, Industry Canada, 1982
1433:Radio Regulations, 2004
1184:non-directional beacons
1148:radio direction finding
1492:Radio modulation modes
1207:Frequency-shift keying
1074:Narrow FM, 11.25
677:Details of information
393:Pulse-width modulation
1078:bandwidth, ±2.5
497:No modulating signal
441:Single-sideband with
260:or any other letter.
184:fields are optional.
1497:Radio communications
1324:"NOAA weather radio"
1166:, currently used in
904:amplitude modulation
332:Frequency modulation
298:Independent sideband
287:amplitude modulation
43:improve this article
1428:, ITU, Geneva, 1982
1261:Pulse-Doppler radar
944:analogue television
612:Data transmission,
596:and digital modes)
195:Designation details
1390:"Committee Report"
1008:digital television
986:digital television
879:None of the above
844:Frequency-division
807:None of the above
670:None of the above
553:None of the above
472:None of the above
309:Vestigial sideband
264:Type of modulation
1425:Radio Regulations
1190:(an example of a
899:A3E or A3E G
883:
882:
811:
810:
674:
673:
620:(remote control)
557:
556:
476:
475:
395:(e.g. as used by
119:
118:
111:
93:
1504:
1463:Eckersley, R.J.
1420:
1418:
1417:
1397:
1396:
1394:
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1380:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1328:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1302:
1281:
1277:
1194:, as opposed to
912:medium frequency
818:
681:
567:
483:
447:variable carrier
343:Phase modulation
268:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1482:
1481:
1467:, 3rd edition,
1415:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1404:Further reading
1401:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1310:Industry Canada
1304:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1253:
1160:continuous wave
1140:
1039:and many other
1017:
955:C3F, C3F N
936:FM broadcasting
932:F8E, F8E H
915:AM broadcasting
896:
888:
886:Common examples
816:
679:
565:
481:
266:
204:The bandwidth (
202:
197:
127:radio frequency
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1510:
1508:
1500:
1499:
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1484:
1483:
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1461:
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1405:
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1399:
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1252:
1249:
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1247:
1240:
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1235:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:High frequency
1219:
1215:
1214:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1138:Low-speed data
1136:
1135:
1134:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1043:communications
1033:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
994:
990:
989:
980:
976:
975:
956:
952:
951:
933:
929:
928:
922:
918:
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869:
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864:
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841:
837:
836:
830:
826:
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815:
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797:
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789:
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781:
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769:
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761:
760:
757:
753:
752:
749:
745:
744:
741:
737:
736:
733:
729:
728:
725:
721:
720:
717:
713:
712:
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365:
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321:
317:
316:
306:
302:
301:
295:
291:
290:
280:
276:
275:
272:
265:
262:
252:or the letter
201:
198:
196:
193:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1509:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1478:
1477:0-900612-69-X
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
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1427:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1362:adcommeng.com
1356:
1350:
1347:
1336:on 2013-10-08
1332:
1325:
1319:
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1311:
1307:
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1233:
1230:
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1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:amateur radio
1165:
1164:on–off keying
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1091:6K00 F3E
1090:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1071:11K2 F3E
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:weather radio
1062:
1058:
1057:amateur radio
1054:
1050:
1048:20K0 F3E
1047:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:Two-way radio
1014:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
991:
987:
984:
981:
978:
977:
974:, until 1982)
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
954:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:
931:
930:
927:broadcasting.
926:
923:
920:
919:
916:
913:
909:
908:low frequency
905:
901:
898:
897:
893:
891:
885:
878:
875:
874:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:Time-division
860:
857:
856:
852:
849:
848:
845:
842:
839:
838:
834:
833:Code-division
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
819:
813:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
794:
790:
787:
786:
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766:
763:
762:
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738:
734:
731:
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726:
723:
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702:
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694:
691:
690:
686:
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676:
669:
666:
665:
661:
658:
657:
653:
650:
649:
645:
641:
638:
635:
634:
630:
627:
624:
623:
619:
615:
611:
608:
607:
603:
600:
599:
595:
594:radioteletype
591:
588:
587:
584:
580:
577:
576:
572:
569:
568:
562:
560:
552:
549:
548:
544:
541:
540:
536:
533:
532:
528:
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524:
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113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1464:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1431:
1423:
1414:. Retrieved
1384:
1370:
1361:
1349:
1338:. Retrieved
1331:the original
1318:
1300:
1286:
1275:
1259:Unmodulated
1195:
1130:
1037:marine radio
1025:aeronautical
971:
894:Broadcasting
889:
824:Description
814:Multiplexing
687:Description
573:Description
558:
489:Description
274:Description
257:
253:
249:
245:
237:
229:
221:
213:
205:
203:
186:
181:
177:
174:multiplexing
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
143:
138:
133:, method of
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
618:telecommand
236:Hertz, and
146:BBBB 123 45
99:August 2014
1486:Categories
1416:2011-12-17
1340:2014-04-23
1292:References
1188:Morse code
1172:Morse code
1131:compatible
921:A8E, A8E H
644:television
583:Morse code
240:indicates
232:indicates
224:indicates
216:indicates
135:modulation
69:newspapers
1198:, above).
1133:sideband)
958:Analogue
925:AM stereo
906:used for
902:Ordinary
821:Character
684:Character
646:signals)
629:Telephony
614:telemetry
570:Character
486:Character
372:Shortwave
271:Character
210:frequency
200:Bandwidth
131:bandwidth
1471:, 1985,
1246:(BPSK31)
1225:Radiofax
1162:(CW) or
284:sideband
148:, where
443:reduced
282:Double-
228:Hertz,
176:. The
83:scholar
1475:
1001:ISDB-T
370:(e.g.
311:(e.g.
139:signal
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1393:(PDF)
1358:(PDF)
1334:(PDF)
1327:(PDF)
1267:Notes
1251:Other
1244:PSK31
1003:, or
997:DVB-T
966:, or
964:SÉCAM
640:Video
218:Hertz
90:JSTOR
76:books
1473:ISBN
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