189:
1067:), tyrannosaurines undergone ontogenetic changes from gracile or slender, semi-longirostrine immatures to robust, heavy-headed adults. This implies that these animals occupy different ecological niches as they developed. While there is fossil evidence of earlier tyrannosauroids having feathers, the evidence of such structures in tyrannosaurids is controversial as a study in 2017 from Bell and colleagues found no support in feathered integument in tyrannosaurids. The study used skin impressions which are small, found widely dispersed across the post-cranium at different regions of the body with a pattern similar to crocodiles. Further the croc analogy Thomas Carr and colleagues in 2017 by studying the snout of
880:
5711:
7843:
5704:
4208:
5033:
5019:
7295:
6499:
7281:
5012:
7288:
4214:
5718:
213:
5026:
1028:
7856:
6517:
1040:
169:
6505:
6524:
7850:
7275:
6512:
36:
619:
2833:
Carr, T.D.; Williamson, T.E.; Britt, B.B.; Stadtman, K. (2011). "Evidence for high taxonomic and morphologic tyrannosaurid diversity in the Late
Cretaceous (Late Campanian) of the American Southwest and a new short-skulled tyrannosaurid from the Kaiparowits formation of Utah".
3542:
Voris, Jared T.; Therrien, Francois; Zelenitzky, Darla K.; Brown, Caleb M. (2020). "A new tyrannosaurine (Theropoda:Tyrannosauridae) from the
Campanian Foremost Formation of Alberta, Canada, provides insight into the evolution and biogeography of tyrannosaurids".
188:
1091:
stage. Fossils have been found in different formations in what is now east Asia and western North
America. While the Asian alioramins are the basal most group of the tyrannosaurines, the geographic placement of albertosaurines and other
935:
was named by David W. E. Hone and colleagues based on the holotype ZCDM V0031, a nearly complete right maxilla and associated left dentary (lower jaw, both with teeth) housed at
Zhucheng Dinosaur Museum. In 2014 came
1474:
The cladogram below displays the results of the strict consensus phylogenetic analysis performed by
Scherer & Voiculescu-Holvad (2023), indicating the distinct lineages of tyrannosaurines.
653:. This discovery was mostly overlooked for over a century, and caused controversy in the early 2000s when it was discovered that this material actually belonged to, and had name priority over,
820:
2997:
Fiorillo, Anthony R.; Gangloff, Roland A. (2000). "Theropod teeth from the Prince Creek
Formation (Cretaceous) of northern Alaska, with speculations on Arctic Dinosaur paleoecology".
1071:
suggested they have large scales with sensory sensory neuron pits under the skin. This notion has been challenged from other authors who suggested a more lip-covering of the teeth.
2885:
Hone, D. W. E.; Wang, K.; Sullivan, C.; Zhao, X.; Chen, S.; Li, D.; Ji, S.; Ji, Q.; Xu, X. (2011). "A new, large tyrannosaurine theropod from the Upper
Cretaceous of China".
598:, tyrannosaurines overall are more robust and larger though the alioramins were gracile by comparison. This subfamily also includes the oldest known tyrannosaurid genus
1006:, the oldest known member of Tyrannosauridae, was described in 2013 by Mark A. Loewen and colleagues from a nearly complete specimen that was uncovered in 2009 in the
1055:, however, were the exception, as they were more comparable in built to albertosaurines and have longirostrine snouts. Like albertosaurines, tyrannosaurines also had
1011:
827:
found by a joint Soviet-Mongolian expedition to the Gobi Desert in the early 1970s found these remains at a locality known as Nogon-Tsav in the
Mongolian province of
696:
3392:
Milinkovitch, Michel; Manukyan, Liana; Debry, Adrien; Di-Po, Nicolas; Martin, Samuel; Singh, Dalijit; Lambert, Dominique; Zwicker, Matthias (January 4, 2013).
748:
was also described in the same year based on PIN 551–2, a specimen with a skull and skeletal remains discovered by the same expedition in 1948 and 1949 as
2413:
Sereno, P.; Tan, L.; Brusatte, S. L.; Kriegstein, H. J.; Zhao, X.; Cloward, K. (2009). "Tyrannosaurid skeletal design first evolved at small body size".
2150:
864:(1995). These genera, however are controversial as the remains of these animals are immature or juvenile individuals. With the possible exception of
5710:
5703:
2307:
2203:
765:
7842:
3608:
1803:
3454:
Delcourt, R.; Grillo, O. N. (2018). "Tyrannosauroids from the
Southern Hemisphere: Implications for biogeography, evolution, and taxonomy".
687:("king tyrant lizard"). A year later, Osborn recognized that these two specimens actually came from the same species. Despite the fact that
54:
2510:"A reappraisal of tyrannosauroid fossils from the Iren Dabasu Formation (Coniacian–Campanian), Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China"
7955:
3670:
2721:"Growing up Tyrannosaurus rex: Osteohistology refutes the pygmy "Nanotyrannus" and supports ontogenetic niche partitioning in juvenile
3212:
672:
3636:
5032:
6498:
1250:
5018:
7280:
4207:
5011:
7294:
4213:
212:
7960:
2199:
7721:
6516:
5717:
1715:
7287:
5025:
2719:
Woodward, Holly N.; Tremaine, Katie; Williams, Scott A.; Zanno, Lindsay E.; Horner, John R.; Myhrvold, Nathan (2020).
630:
3501:
7855:
2288:
2257:
1059:
dentition, large heads design to catch and kill their prey, and short didactyl arms. Based on the growth stages of
6523:
1047:
In comparison to the albertosaurines, tyrannosaurines were more heavily built and larger. The alioramin genera of
1328:
798:
782:
3276:
Bell, P. R.; Campione, N. E.; Persons, W. S.; Currie, P. J.; Larson, P. L.; Tanke, D. H.; Bakker, R. T. (2017).
3010:
956:
known from a partial sub-adult individual consisting of a nearly complete skull with the lower jaws missing all
3758:
3150:
1226:
6504:
3211:
Xu, X.; Wang, K.; Zhang, K.; Ma, Q.; Xing, L.; Sullivan, C.; Hu, D.; Cheng, S.; Wang, S.; et al. (2012).
7849:
695:
had appeared one page earlier in his original article describing both specimens. Therefore, according to the
7950:
3663:
1866:
1546:
725:
2147:
917:
indicates that the
Kaiparowits Formation was deposited between 76.1 and 74.0 million years ago, during the
7875:
3327:
Carr, Thomas D.; Varricchio, David J.; Sedlmayr, Jayc C.; Roberts, Eric M.; Moore, Jason R. (2017-03-30).
2398:(1992). "Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America". In Mateer, Niall J.; Peiji, Chen (eds.).
1787:
1763:
1739:
1274:
1140:
based on cranial features. This relationship, however, has not been found in more recent studies. In 1988
943:
660:
314:
793:
from the neck, torso and hip, as well as the first eleven tail vertebrae. It was discovered in 1921 near
7922:
6229:
6141:
1622:
1598:
1198:
910:
828:
1419:
As of 2023, at least three lineages of tyrannosaurines have been suggested. The basalmost clade is the
7274:
1178:
classification is, however, not widely accepted by most paleontologists. In some phylogenetic studies
913:
of southern Utah. Later, fossils from the same formation were discovered and identified as the genus.
7913:
7807:
5918:
5886:
3554:
3463:
3405:
3340:
3227:
3169:
3104:
3048:
2951:
2894:
2843:
2736:
2673:
2631:
2570:
2521:
2424:
2005:
1681:
1311:
647:
described more tyrannosaur material in the form of isolated vertebrae, and gave this animal the name
2929:
6242:
6029:
3545:
2167:
2074:
794:
644:
6511:
3089:
Loewen, M.A.; Irmis, R.B.; Sertich, J.J.W.; Currie, P.J.; Sampson, S.D. (2013). Evans, D.C (ed.).
2113:"A New Tyrant Dinosaur from the Late Campanian of Mexico Reveals a Tribe of Southern Tyrannosaurs"
7714:
6218:
6078:
5934:
5874:
5309:
5219:
5102:
3966:
3656:
3570:
3479:
3431:
3251:
3193:
3014:
2867:
2586:
2448:
1996:
1890:
1639:
961:
947:
914:
207:
7927:
633:, which located numerous scattered teeth. These distinctive dinosaur teeth were given the name
7596:
7513:
7487:
7326:
7313:
7191:
6732:
6684:
5516:
4866:
3945:
3632:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3423:
3374:
3356:
3309:
3243:
3185:
3132:
3066:
2979:
2859:
2772:
2754:
2701:
2539:
2440:
2415:
2395:
2093:
2039:
2021:
1907:
1505:
1007:
606:
50:
1992:"The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China"
7700:
7457:
7367:
7156:
7072:
6934:
6853:
6825:
6785:
6666:
6636:
6154:
5907:
5771:
5628:
5528:
5377:
5284:
5242:
4809:
4119:
3562:
3471:
3413:
3364:
3348:
3299:
3289:
3235:
3177:
3122:
3112:
3056:
3006:
2969:
2959:
2925:
2902:
2851:
2810:
2762:
2744:
2691:
2681:
2639:
2578:
2529:
2432:
2124:
2083:
2029:
2013:
1027:
965:
931:
903:
Valid genera would not be named until the 2010s, where in 2011 announced the publication of
832:
568:
543:
441:
3278:"Tyrannosauroid integument reveals conflicting patterns of gigantism and feather evolution"
3259:
2558:
2195:
879:
7763:
7501:
7464:
7396:
7251:
7244:
7056:
6971:
6961:
6920:
6755:
6614:
6598:
6416:
6388:
6366:
6253:
6098:
5805:
5579:
5462:
5440:
5361:
5190:
5167:
5160:
5138:
5124:
5117:
5078:
4929:
4776:
4703:
4692:
4628:
4516:
4403:
3980:
3889:
3743:
3718:
3624:
3588:
2351:
2154:
1701:
1529:
1444:
1297:
1287:
1212:
1194:
1183:
1096:
found in North America suggests greatly the tyrannosaurines are North American in origin.
1093:
1084:
969:
922:
816:
595:
583:
564:
421:
296:
78:
45:
3329:"A new tyrannosaur with evidence for anagenesis and crocodile-like facial sensory system"
785:
8506 consisting of a partial skeleton including the skull, the shoulder, a forelimb, the
3558:
3467:
3409:
3344:
3231:
3173:
3108:
3052:
2955:
2898:
2847:
2740:
2677:
2635:
2574:
2525:
2428:
2034:
2009:
1991:
1182:
is nested within Tyrannosaurinae, but it is most often recovered as the sister taxon to
1039:
168:
7728:
7691:
7672:
7634:
7623:
7420:
7133:
7092:
7083:
7065:
7045:
6941:
6655:
6400:
6262:
6089:
6071:
5899:
5866:
5852:
5813:
5587:
5448:
5405:
5398:
5320:
5296:
5249:
5208:
5145:
5131:
4859:
4844:
4671:
4505:
4369:
4337:
4326:
4303:
4265:
4126:
4096:
4020:
3959:
3858:
3369:
3328:
3304:
3277:
3127:
3090:
2974:
2937:
2767:
2720:
2696:
2662:"Reanalysis of "Raptorex kriegsteini": A Juvenile Tyrannosaurid Dinosaur from Mongolia"
2661:
1158:
952:
884:
777:
461:
431:
409:
3154:
2612:
2145:
Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,
1079:
The temporal range for tyrannosaurines went from almost 80.6 million years ago in the
7944:
7770:
7616:
7577:
7556:
7435:
7428:
7355:
7149:
7122:
6980:
6896:
6874:
6867:
6860:
6803:
6720:
6583:
6555:
6542:
6466:
6343:
6183:
6017:
5948:
5834:
5821:
5566:
5544:
5537:
5501:
5474:
5426:
5350:
5086:
4877:
4851:
4767:
4748:
4741:
4678:
4657:
4636:
4621:
4607:
4566:
4532:
4525:
4444:
4296:
4183:
4176:
4103:
4073:
4062:
3952:
3923:
3916:
3842:
3574:
3483:
3394:"Crocodile Head Scales Are Not Developmental Units But Emerge from Physical Cracking"
3018:
2617:, a juvenile tyrannosaurid (Theropoda, Dinosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of China"
2276:
2252:
1088:
905:
895:
737:
655:
649:
587:
572:
533:
503:
334:
198:
117:
3255:
3155:"Basal tyrannosauroids from China and evidence for protofeathers in tyrannosauroids"
2871:
2590:
1104:
Prior to the 2010s, the relationships of the tyrannosaurines was best understood as
929:
lived in the middle of the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. In the same year
7742:
7680:
7650:
7570:
7563:
7541:
7533:
7413:
7405:
7385:
7100:
7011:
6949:
6839:
6810:
6762:
6591:
6576:
6351:
6283:
6211:
6190:
6169:
5985:
5941:
5749:
5736:
5666:
5619:
5494:
5384:
5336:
5329:
5266:
5235:
5228:
5109:
4936:
4788:
4685:
4587:
4580:
4475:
4459:
4395:
4346:
4278:
4055:
3938:
3931:
3902:
3865:
3834:
3435:
3197:
2933:
2608:
2582:
2452:
2373:
2329:
1141:
973:
806:
676:
640:
472:
357:
3566:
2906:
2534:
2509:
2088:
2065:
3475:
3117:
2964:
2686:
2310:(1965). "Growth changes in Asian dinosaurs and some problems of their taxonomy".
679:. Initially, Osborn considered these to be distinct species. The first, he named
629:
The first remains of tyrannosaurids were uncovered during expeditions led by the
7907:
7796:
7777:
7707:
7657:
7643:
7585:
7526:
7471:
7348:
7142:
7018:
6987:
6903:
6889:
6621:
6569:
6437:
6359:
6322:
6204:
6176:
6129:
6049:
5927:
5784:
5635:
5608:
5508:
5455:
5391:
5370:
5343:
5094:
4907:
4900:
4886:
4712:
4559:
4550:
4452:
4423:
4353:
4318:
4311:
4111:
4089:
4082:
4041:
4033:
4009:
3994:
3973:
3881:
3873:
3497:
2604:
2280:
1121:
997:
938:
721:
708:
523:
367:
92:
7898:
2017:
838:
From 1977 to 2009 saw the publications of several genera. In Asia they include
775:
In the 1970s saw the description of two genera. In 1970 saw the publication of
7735:
7664:
7609:
7230:
7029:
6846:
6832:
6817:
6769:
6703:
6629:
6451:
6444:
6430:
6336:
6269:
6197:
6161:
6114:
6056:
6042:
6009:
6001:
5994:
5975:
5798:
5763:
5551:
5152:
4943:
4893:
4830:
4801:
4756:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4643:
4539:
4498:
4491:
4483:
4467:
4387:
4258:
4134:
3987:
3850:
3709:
3153:; Norell, Mark A.; Kuang Xuewen; Wang Xiaolin; Zhao Qi; Jia Chengkai. (2004).
3091:"Tyrant dinosaur evolution tracks the rise and fall of Late Cretaceous oceans"
2855:
1491:
1420:
1056:
989:
824:
388:
323:
270:
154:
137:
102:
17:
3360:
2758:
2543:
2097:
2025:
7756:
7749:
7449:
7442:
7115:
7107:
7038:
6691:
6409:
5955:
5859:
5594:
5179:
5064:
5051:
4978:
4914:
4837:
4816:
4573:
4436:
4244:
4231:
4149:
4001:
3820:
3807:
3770:
3679:
3418:
3393:
2643:
2470:, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana".
2436:
1190:
1080:
1002:
993:
918:
889:
811:
760:
were the same species, the latter being a younger animal, and distinct from
600:
575:
493:
482:
399:
283:
224:
178:
158:
142:
86:
3427:
3378:
3313:
3294:
3247:
3189:
3136:
3070:
2983:
2863:
2776:
2749:
2705:
2444:
2129:
2043:
1043:
The specimens "Sue", AMNH 5027, "Stan", and "Jane", to scale with a human.
7892:
7340:
6748:
6741:
6713:
6606:
6106:
5487:
4823:
4650:
4411:
4048:
3727:
3703:
3516:
3095:
2942:
1156:
published in 2016, Paul would continue this thought as well as including
868:
it is widely assumed that the Asian specimens are early growth stages of
848:
790:
729:
635:
377:
257:
244:
132:
127:
112:
107:
97:
3239:
3181:
2489:
Olshevsky, G. (1995). "The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids".
2112:
1990:
Zheng, Wenjie; Jin, Xingsheng; Xie, Junfang; Du, Tianming (2024-07-25).
6881:
6643:
6373:
6276:
5601:
4922:
3061:
3036:
2815:
2794:
2660:
Fowler, DW; Woodward, HN; Freedman, EA; Larson, PL; Horner, JR (2011).
668:
664:
147:
122:
3352:
2559:"Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria)"
909:
by Thomas D. Carr and colleagues. The fossils were first found in the
7549:
7237:
4664:
3697:
2166:
Breithaupt, B.H.; Southwell, E.H.; Matthews, N.A. (18 October 2005).
985:
786:
234:
7869:
2354:"A new carnosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Nogon-Tsav, Mongolia".
618:
2332:(1970). "Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada".
2064:
Scherer, Charlie Roger; Voiculescu-Holvad, Christian (2023-11-28).
6380:
6121:
6063:
3213:"A gigantic feathered dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China"
3037:"A new clade of Asian Late Cretaceous long-snouted tyrannosaurids"
2356:
The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition Transactions
1038:
1026:
981:
977:
957:
878:
617:
579:
2281:"New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia"
7813:
6423:
2334:
National Museum of Natural Sciences Publications in Paleontology
717:
591:
7873:
7311:
6540:
5734:
5049:
4229:
3805:
3690:
3652:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
663:
described two tyrannosaur specimens that had been collected in
610:. There were at least 30 different species of tyrannosaurines.
2066:"Re-analysis of a dataset refutes claims of anagenesis within
29:
604:
as well as the youngest and most famous member of the group,
3648:
3035:
Lü, J.; Yi, L.; Brusatte, S. L.; Yang, L.; Chen, L. (2014).
2376:(1977). "On the dinosaurian remains from Turpan, Xinjiang".
706:
The second described representative of the tyrannosaurines,
3011:
10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0675:TTFTPC]2.0.CO;2
716:) was in 1955 after a large skull was recovered in a joint
3502:"Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid phylogeny"
1193:
below displays the position of the Tyrannosaurinae within
2235:
New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
2938:"A Diminutive New Tyrannosaur from the Top of the World"
2111:
Rivera-Sylva, Héctor E.; Longrich, Nicholas R. (2024).
3631:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 360.
3449:
3447:
3445:
712:(originally described as an Asiatic representative of
582:. All fossils of these genera have been found in the
1112:. These two genera in turn were the sister taxon to
872:, whereas the North American specimens are those of
539:
529:
519:
511:
499:
489:
478:
468:
457:
449:
437:
427:
417:
405:
395:
384:
373:
363:
353:
330:
7882:
7795:
7690:
7633:
7595:
7512:
7485:
7395:
7365:
7324:
7222:
7190:
7132:
7082:
7055:
7028:
6997:
6970:
6959:
6918:
6783:
6731:
6702:
6664:
6653:
6553:
6465:
6399:
6321:
6252:
6228:
6140:
6088:
6028:
5984:
5973:
5917:
5885:
5832:
5782:
5747:
5665:
5618:
5565:
5527:
5473:
5424:
5360:
5319:
5295:
5264:
5218:
5188:
5177:
5062:
4977:
4876:
4787:
4766:
4702:
4605:
4549:
4515:
4422:
4367:
4336:
4276:
4242:
4168:
4148:
4072:
4019:
3900:
3818:
3769:
3742:
2255:(1955). "Giant carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia".
2070:-line tyrannosaurines (Theropoda, Tyrannosauridae)"
899:
specimen (B). N–P show selected bones of the former
578:that consists of at least three tribes and several
3592:
2466:Bakker, R.T.; Williams, M.; Currie, P.J. (1988). "
2225:Breithaup, BH; Southwell EH; Matthews NA (2006). "
1144:considered all tyrannosaurines at the time except
3456:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
3030:
3028:
2655:
2653:
950:, United States. In the same year also announced
823:3141/1) is a partial skull associated with three
2402:. Beijing: China Ocean Press. pp. 250–268.
809:using the aforementioned CMN 8506. The second,
625:teeth, the earliest known tyrannosaurid remains
1439:. They are sister to a third clade comprising
1427:, which comprises the American southwest taxa
3664:
3084:
3082:
3080:
1197:and Tyrannosauridae, based on the results of
697:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
8:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3599:. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp.
2788:
2786:
1120:. There was an alternative hypothesis from
1012:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument
942:, the northern most tyrannosaurid found in
563:) is one of the two extinct subfamilies of
7870:
7601:
7518:
7493:
7377:
7373:
7332:
7321:
7308:
7219:
7187:
7003:
6967:
6926:
6795:
6791:
6676:
6672:
6661:
6561:
6550:
6537:
6328:
6318:
6234:
6146:
6034:
5981:
5891:
5844:
5840:
5790:
5755:
5744:
5731:
5662:
5571:
5479:
5432:
5301:
5276:
5272:
5200:
5196:
5185:
5070:
5059:
5046:
4974:
4793:
4784:
4613:
4428:
4379:
4375:
4288:
4284:
4250:
4239:
4226:
4025:
3908:
3826:
3815:
3802:
3748:
3739:
3687:
3671:
3657:
3649:
1174:into the genus as well. This multispecies
683:("emperor power lizard"), and the second,
187:
167:
70:
3417:
3368:
3303:
3293:
3126:
3116:
3060:
2973:
2963:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2814:
2799:obtained from multiple lines of evidence"
2766:
2748:
2695:
2685:
2533:
2296:(5). translated by F. J. Alcock: 779–783.
2128:
2087:
2033:
976:, and the left hindlimb compromising the
3500:; Hurum, Jørn H.; Sabath, Karol (2003).
2400:Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology
1982:
3629:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
1154:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
801:, who thought it was a new species of
2828:
2826:
1423:. The second clade to diverge is the
1087:epoch to 66 million years ago in the
805:, but was found to be a new genus by
7:
2795:"A high-resolution growth series of
2206:from the original on 22 October 2019
1124:and colleagues (2003) who suggested
594:. Compared to the related subfamily
1882:
1858:
1779:
1755:
1731:
1707:
1697:
1673:
1614:
1590:
1580:
1521:
1497:
1487:
1477:
1353:
1303:
1293:
1266:
1242:
1218:
1208:
852:(2009), while in North America saw
2999:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2624:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2563:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2514:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2196:2005 Salt Lake City Annual Meeting
673:American Museum of Natural History
25:
7854:
7848:
7841:
7293:
7286:
7279:
7273:
6522:
6515:
6510:
6503:
6497:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
4212:
4206:
3595:Predatory Dinosaurs of the World
2229:and the earliest discoveries of
2168:"In Celebration of 100 years of
1251:Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis
1094:eutyrannosaurian tyrannosauroids
671:during a 1902 expedition of the
211:
34:
2615:Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis
960:(lost during fossilization), 9
691:had been found first, the name
2583:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011161
2508:Carr, Thomas D. (2022-11-25).
2184:, the Earliest Discoveries of
1128:to be more closely related to
915:Argon-argon radiometric dating
768:who recombined the species as
27:Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs
1:
3567:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104388
3509:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2907:10.1016/j.cretres.2011.03.005
2535:10.1080/02724634.2023.2199817
2200:Geological Society of America
2089:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105780
925:period. This date means that
720:-Mongolian expedition to the
3515:(2): 227–234. Archived from
3476:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.003
3118:10.1371/journal.pone.0079420
2965:10.1371/journal.pone.0091287
2687:10.1371/journal.pone.0021376
2143:Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012)
1716:Thanatotheristes degrootorum
968:, 18 caudal vertebrae, both
1152:. In the second edition of
752:. It was only in 1965 that
631:Geological Survey of Canada
43:It has been suggested that
7977:
7956:Dinosaurs of North America
2308:Rozhdestvensky, Anatoly K.
2289:Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR
2258:Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR
2233:in Wyoming and the West".
2018:10.1038/s41598-024-66278-5
883:Skeletal diagrams showing
559:(sometimes referred to as
60:Proposed since April 2024.
7838:
7604:
7521:
7496:
7380:
7376:
7335:
7320:
7307:
7271:
7218:
7186:
7006:
6929:
6798:
6794:
6679:
6675:
6564:
6549:
6536:
6495:
6331:
6317:
6237:
6149:
6037:
5894:
5847:
5843:
5793:
5758:
5743:
5730:
5699:
5661:
5574:
5482:
5435:
5304:
5279:
5275:
5203:
5199:
5073:
5058:
5045:
5007:
4973:
4796:
4616:
4431:
4382:
4378:
4291:
4287:
4253:
4238:
4225:
4203:
4028:
3911:
3829:
3814:
3801:
3751:
3738:
3686:
2856:10.1007/s00114-011-0762-7
1904:
1887:
1880:
1863:
1856:
1801:
1784:
1777:
1760:
1753:
1736:
1729:
1712:
1705:
1695:
1678:
1671:
1636:
1619:
1612:
1595:
1588:
1578:
1543:
1526:
1519:
1502:
1495:
1485:
1443:and the clade containing
1358:
1351:
1329:Albertosaurus sarcophagus
1325:
1308:
1301:
1291:
1271:
1264:
1247:
1240:
1223:
1216:
799:Charles Mortram Sternberg
789:, a femur and all of the
350:
345:
329:
322:
208:Scientific classification
206:
195:
186:
175:
166:
73:
2557:Carr, Thomas D. (1999).
1227:Dryptosaurus aquilunguis
1108:being a sister taxon to
3419:10.1126/science.1226265
2644:10.1139/cjes-38-12-1729
2437:10.1126/science.1177428
2312:Paleontological Journal
2227:Dynamosaurus imperiosus
2192:Abstracts with Programs
2182:Dynamosaurus imperiosus
1867:Zhuchengtyrannus magnus
1547:Qianzhousaurus sinensis
815:, described in 1976 by
681:Dynamosaurus imperiosus
3295:10.1098/rsbl.2017.0092
2750:10.1126/sciadv.aax6250
2378:Vertebrata PalAsiatica
2130:10.3390/fossils2040012
1788:Daspletosaurus torosus
1764:Daspletosaurus wilsoni
1740:Daspletosaurus horneri
1275:Bistahieversor sealeyi
1044:
1036:
944:Prince Creek Formation
900:
661:Henry Fairfield Osborn
639:("terrible tooth") by
626:
7923:Paleobiology Database
6230:Carcharodontosaurinae
6142:Carcharodontosauridae
3041:Nature Communications
2491:Kyoryugaku Saizensen
2148:Winter 2011 Appendix.
1623:Teratophoneus curriei
1599:Dynamoterror dynastes
1199:phylogenetic analyses
1042:
1035:compared with a human
1030:
948:North Slope of Alaska
911:Kaiparowits Formation
882:
621:
7961:Cretaceous dinosaurs
7223:Dubious coelurosaurs
5919:Metriacanthosaurinae
5887:Metriacanthosauridae
4169:Dubious neotheropods
3522:on October 25, 2007.
2613:"New information on
2178:Ornithomimus grandis
1682:Nanuqsaurus hoglundi
1312:Gorgosaurus libratus
819:which the holotype (
781:, with the holotype
750:Tarbosaurus efremovi
742:Tyrannosaurus bataar
734:Tyrannosaurus bataar
614:History of discovery
586:deposits of western
53:into this article. (
6243:Carcharodontosaurus
6030:Carcharodontosauria
3559:2020CrRes.11004388V
3546:Cretaceous Research
3468:2018PPP...511..379D
3410:2013Sci...339...78M
3345:2017NatSR...744942C
3240:10.1038/nature10906
3232:2012Natur.484...92X
3182:10.1038/nature02855
3174:2004Natur.431..680X
3109:2013PLoSO...879420L
3053:2014NatCo...5.3788L
2956:2014PLoSO...991287F
2899:2011CrRes..32..495H
2887:Cretaceous Research
2848:2011NW.....98..241C
2836:Naturwissenschaften
2793:Carr, T.D. (2020).
2741:2020SciA....6.6250W
2678:2011PLoSO...621376F
2636:2001CaJES..38.1729C
2575:1999JVPal..19..497C
2526:2022JVPal..42E9817C
2429:2009Sci...326..418S
2352:Kurzanov, Sergei M.
2174:Manospondylus gigas
2075:Cretaceous Research
2010:2024NatSR..1416276Z
1201:performed by Voris
795:Steveville, Alberta
766:A.K. Rozhdestvensky
650:Manospondylus gigas
645:Edward Drinker Cope
7715:Archaeornithomimus
6219:Veterupristisaurus
6079:Veterupristisaurus
5935:Metriacanthosaurus
5875:Piatnitzkysauridae
5310:Eustreptospondylus
5220:Piatnitzkysauridae
5103:Chuandongocoelurus
3967:Notatesseraeraptor
3333:Scientific Reports
3062:10.1038/ncomms4788
2816:10.7717/peerj.9192
2153:2017-08-12 at the
1997:Scientific Reports
1891:Tarbosaurus bataar
1640:Lythronax argestes
1045:
1037:
962:cervical vertebrae
901:
770:Tarbosaurus bataar
627:
7938:
7937:
7876:Taxon identifiers
7867:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7836:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7828:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7791:
7790:
7787:
7786:
7597:Macrocheiriformes
7514:Ornithomimosauria
7488:Maniraptoriformes
7481:
7480:
7327:Maniraptoromorpha
7314:Maniraptoromorpha
7303:
7302:
7269:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7214:
7213:
7210:
7209:
7192:Maniraptoromorpha
7182:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7174:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7165:
6914:
6913:
6779:
6778:
6733:Proceratosauridae
6685:Chingkankousaurus
6532:
6531:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6461:
6460:
6313:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6292:
5969:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5726:
5725:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5657:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5561:
5560:
5517:Vallibonavenatrix
5420:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5260:
5259:
5041:
5040:
5005:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4363:
4362:
4221:
4220:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4144:
4143:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3610:978-0-671-61946-6
3498:Currie, Philip J.
3353:10.1038/srep44942
3265:on 17 April 2012.
3168:(7009): 680–684.
2797:Tyrannosaurus rex
2630:(12): 1729–1737.
2605:Currie, Philip J.
2423:(5951): 418–422.
2253:Maleev, Evgeny A.
2231:Tyrannosaurus rex
2186:Tyrannosaurus rex
2170:Tyrannosaurus rex
1973:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1937:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1908:Tyrannosaurus rex
1842:
1841:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1506:Alioramus remotus
1459:, which includes
1447:, which includes
1416:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1340:
1339:
1148:to be species of
1008:Wahweap Formation
726:Ömnögovi Province
724:in the Mongolian
699:(ICZN), the name
685:Tyrannosaurus rex
656:Tyrannosaurus rex
643:in 1856. In 1892
607:Tyrannosaurus rex
554:
553:
318:
67:
66:
62:
16:(Redirected from
7968:
7931:
7930:
7918:
7917:
7916:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7871:
7858:
7852:
7845:
7701:Aepyornithomimus
7602:
7519:
7494:
7458:Sinocalliopteryx
7378:
7374:
7368:Neocoelurosauria
7333:
7322:
7309:
7297:
7290:
7283:
7277:
7220:
7188:
7157:Zhuchengtyrannus
7073:Thanatotheristes
7004:
6968:
6935:Appalachiosaurus
6927:
6796:
6792:
6786:Pantyrannosauria
6677:
6673:
6667:Tyrannosauroidea
6662:
6637:Xinjiangovenator
6562:
6551:
6538:
6526:
6519:
6514:
6507:
6501:
6329:
6319:
6235:
6155:Acrocanthosaurus
6147:
6035:
5982:
5908:Yangchuanosaurus
5892:
5845:
5841:
5791:
5772:Lourinhanosaurus
5756:
5745:
5732:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5663:
5629:Sigilmassasaurus
5572:
5529:Ceratosuchopsini
5480:
5433:
5378:Dubreuillosaurus
5302:
5285:Streptospondylus
5277:
5273:
5243:Piatnitzkysaurus
5201:
5197:
5186:
5071:
5060:
5047:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
4975:
4810:Ekrixinatosaurus
4794:
4785:
4614:
4429:
4380:
4376:
4289:
4285:
4251:
4240:
4227:
4216:
4210:
4120:Procompsognathus
4026:
3909:
3827:
3816:
3803:
3749:
3740:
3733:
3732:
3688:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3650:
3643:
3642:
3625:Paul, Gregory S.
3621:
3615:
3614:
3598:
3589:Paul, Gregory S.
3585:
3579:
3578:
3539:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3506:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3451:
3440:
3439:
3421:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3372:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3297:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3258:. Archived from
3217:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3159:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3120:
3086:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3032:
3023:
3022:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2977:
2967:
2922:
2911:
2910:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2752:
2729:Science Advances
2716:
2710:
2709:
2699:
2689:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2621:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2537:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2330:Russell, Dale A.
2326:
2320:
2319:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2285:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2198:. Vol. 37.
2163:
2157:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2061:
2048:
2047:
2037:
1987:
1883:
1859:
1780:
1756:
1732:
1708:
1698:
1674:
1615:
1591:
1581:
1522:
1498:
1488:
1478:
1461:Zhuchengtyrannus
1453:Thanatotheristes
1354:
1304:
1294:
1267:
1243:
1219:
1209:
970:scapulocoracoids
966:dorsal vertebrae
932:Zhuchengtyrannus
833:Nemegt Formation
659:. Later in 1905
544:Zhuchengtyrannus
541:
531:
521:
513:
501:
491:
480:
470:
459:
451:
442:Thanatotheristes
439:
429:
419:
407:
397:
386:
375:
365:
355:
332:
313:
308:
295:
216:
215:
191:
171:
152:
89:
77:Temporal range:
71:
58:
38:
37:
30:
21:
7976:
7975:
7971:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7966:
7965:
7941:
7940:
7939:
7934:
7926:
7921:
7914:Tyrannosaurinae
7912:
7911:
7906:
7897:
7896:
7891:
7884:Tyrannosaurinae
7878:
7868:
7859:
7846:
7820:
7783:
7764:Sinornithomimus
7686:
7629:
7591:
7508:
7502:Compsognathidae
7490:
7477:
7465:Sinosauropteryx
7397:Compsognathidae
7391:
7370:
7361:
7329:
7316:
7299:
7298:
7284:
7257:
7252:Shanyangosaurus
7245:Phaedrolosaurus
7206:
7162:
7128:
7078:
7057:Daspletosaurini
7051:
7024:
6999:Tyrannosaurinae
6993:
6972:Albertosaurinae
6964:
6962:Tyrannosauridae
6955:
6923:
6921:Eutyrannosauria
6910:
6788:
6775:
6756:Proceratosaurus
6727:
6698:
6669:
6658:
6649:
6615:Richardoestesia
6599:Chilantaisaurus
6558:
6545:
6528:
6527:
6508:
6481:
6457:
6417:Australovenator
6395:
6389:Chilantaisaurus
6367:Phuwiangvenator
6289:
6254:Giganotosaurini
6248:
6224:
6136:
6099:Chilantaisaurus
6084:
6024:
5978:
5961:
5913:
5881:
5837:
5828:
5806:Monolophosaurus
5787:
5778:
5752:
5739:
5722:
5721:
5707:
5681:
5641:
5614:
5580:Camarillasaurus
5557:
5523:
5469:
5463:Ostafrikasaurus
5441:Camarillasaurus
5429:
5412:
5362:Afrovenatorinae
5356:
5315:
5291:
5269:
5256:
5214:
5193:
5191:Megalosauroidea
5182:
5173:
5168:Vectaerovenator
5161:Szechuanosaurus
5139:Monolophosaurus
5125:Kaijiangosaurus
5118:Cryolophosaurus
5079:Calamospondylus
5067:
5054:
5037:
5036:
5029:
5022:
5015:
4993:
4949:
4930:Pycnonemosaurus
4872:
4783:
4777:Majungasaurinae
4762:
4704:Majungasaurinae
4698:
4693:Xenotarsosaurus
4629:Dryptosauroides
4610:
4593:
4545:
4517:Elaphrosaurinae
4511:
4418:
4404:Ornithomimoides
4372:
4359:
4332:
4281:
4272:
4247:
4234:
4217:
4211:
4189:
4164:
4140:
4068:
4015:
3981:Shuangbaisaurus
3905:
3896:
3823:
3810:
3785:
3765:
3759:Avemetatarsalia
3744:Avemetatarsalia
3734:
3719:Avemetatarsalia
3693:
3692:
3682:
3677:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3541:
3540:
3527:
3519:
3504:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3453:
3452:
3443:
3404:(6115): 78–81.
3391:
3390:
3386:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3288:(6): 20170092.
3282:Biology Letters
3275:
3274:
3270:
3262:
3226:(7392): 92–95.
3215:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3157:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3088:
3087:
3078:
3034:
3033:
3026:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2926:Fiorillo, A. R.
2924:
2923:
2914:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2735:(1): eaax6250.
2718:
2717:
2713:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2619:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2396:Carpenter, Ken.
2394:
2393:
2389:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2202:. p. 406.
2165:
2164:
2160:
2155:Wayback Machine
2142:
2138:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2063:
2062:
2051:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1702:Daspletosaurini
1661:
1652:
1568:
1559:
1530:Alioramus altai
1482:Tyrannosaurinae
1445:Daspletosaurini
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1361:Tyrannosaurinae
1341:
1298:Albertosaurinae
1288:Tyrannosauridae
1213:Eutyrannosauria
1195:Eutyrannosauria
1184:Tyrannosauridae
1102:
1085:Late Cretaceous
1077:
1025:
1020:
1018:Natural history
923:Late Cretaceous
840:Shanshanosaurus
817:Sergei Kurzanov
616:
596:Albertosaurinae
584:Late Cretaceous
565:Tyrannosauridae
561:tyrannosaurines
557:Tyrannosaurinae
422:Daspletosaurini
341:
338:
312:
310:Tyrannosaurinae
306:
297:Tyrannosauridae
293:
210:
162:
157:occurence when
151:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
84:
83:
82:
79:Late Cretaceous
75:
74:Tyrannosaurinae
63:
46:Daspletosaurini
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7974:
7972:
7964:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7951:Tyrannosaurids
7943:
7942:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7932:
7919:
7904:
7888:
7886:
7880:
7879:
7874:
7865:
7864:
7861:
7860:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7830:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7810:
7801:
7799:
7793:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7781:
7774:
7767:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7739:
7732:
7729:Dromiceiomimus
7725:
7718:
7711:
7704:
7696:
7694:
7692:Ornithomimidae
7688:
7687:
7685:
7684:
7677:
7673:Paraxenisaurus
7669:
7661:
7654:
7647:
7639:
7637:
7635:Deinocheiridae
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7624:Shenzhousaurus
7620:
7613:
7605:
7599:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7589:
7582:
7574:
7567:
7560:
7553:
7546:
7538:
7530:
7522:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7506:
7497:
7491:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7475:
7468:
7461:
7454:
7446:
7439:
7432:
7425:
7421:Beipiaognathus
7417:
7410:
7401:
7399:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7389:
7381:
7371:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7359:
7352:
7345:
7336:
7330:
7325:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7305:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7292:
7278:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7255:
7248:
7241:
7234:
7226:
7224:
7216:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7208:
7207:
7205:
7204:
7203:
7202:
7196:
7194:
7184:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7172:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7153:
7146:
7138:
7136:
7134:Tyrannosaurini
7130:
7129:
7127:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7104:
7097:
7093:Bistahieversor
7088:
7086:
7084:Teratophoneini
7080:
7079:
7077:
7076:
7069:
7066:Daspletosaurus
7061:
7059:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7046:Qianzhousaurus
7042:
7034:
7032:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7022:
7015:
7007:
7001:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6984:
6976:
6974:
6965:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6946:
6942:Bistahieversor
6938:
6930:
6924:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6900:
6893:
6886:
6878:
6871:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6829:
6822:
6814:
6807:
6799:
6789:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6745:
6737:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6725:
6717:
6709:
6707:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6696:
6688:
6680:
6670:
6665:
6659:
6656:Tyrannoraptora
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6647:
6640:
6633:
6626:
6618:
6611:
6603:
6595:
6588:
6580:
6573:
6565:
6559:
6554:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6521:
6502:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6471:
6469:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6413:
6405:
6403:
6401:Megaraptoridae
6397:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6385:
6377:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6348:
6340:
6332:
6326:
6315:
6314:
6311:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6263:Giganotosaurus
6258:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6246:
6238:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6173:
6166:
6158:
6150:
6144:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6126:
6118:
6111:
6103:
6094:
6092:
6090:Neovenatoridae
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6075:
6072:Ulughbegsaurus
6068:
6060:
6053:
6046:
6038:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6014:
6006:
5998:
5990:
5988:
5979:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5931:
5923:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5904:
5900:Xuanhanosaurus
5895:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5880:
5879:
5871:
5867:Xuanhanosaurus
5863:
5856:
5853:Asfaltovenator
5848:
5838:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5818:
5814:Megalosauridae
5810:
5802:
5794:
5788:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5768:
5759:
5753:
5748:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5728:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5715:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5671:
5669:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5632:
5624:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5605:
5598:
5591:
5588:Ichthyovenator
5584:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5533:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5513:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5459:
5452:
5449:Cristatusaurus
5445:
5436:
5430:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5406:Poekilopleuron
5402:
5399:Piveteausaurus
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5366:
5364:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5325:
5323:
5321:Megalosaurinae
5317:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5305:
5299:
5297:Megalosauridae
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5280:
5270:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5250:Xuanhanosaurus
5246:
5239:
5232:
5224:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5209:Yunyangosaurus
5204:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5149:
5146:Pandoravenator
5142:
5135:
5132:Kayentavenator
5128:
5121:
5114:
5106:
5099:
5091:
5083:
5074:
5068:
5063:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4882:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4863:
4860:Skorpiovenator
4856:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4797:
4791:
4782:
4781:
4772:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4753:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4672:Spectrovenator
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4611:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4521:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4506:Spinostropheus
4502:
4495:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4449:
4441:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4392:
4383:
4373:
4370:Abelisauroidea
4368:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4350:
4342:
4340:
4338:Ceratosauridae
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4327:Saltriovenator
4323:
4315:
4308:
4304:Fosterovenator
4300:
4292:
4282:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4266:Lophostropheus
4262:
4254:
4248:
4243:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4223:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4180:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4131:
4127:Pterospondylus
4123:
4116:
4108:
4100:
4097:Lucianovenator
4093:
4086:
4078:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4029:
4023:
4021:Coelophysoidea
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3960:Lophostropheus
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3859:Erythrovenator
3855:
3847:
3839:
3830:
3824:
3819:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3752:
3746:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3721:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3691:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3616:
3609:
3580:
3525:
3489:
3441:
3384:
3319:
3268:
3203:
3142:
3103:(11): e79420.
3076:
3047:(3788): 3788.
3024:
2989:
2930:Tykoski, R. S.
2912:
2893:(4): 495–503.
2877:
2842:(3): 241–246.
2822:
2782:
2711:
2649:
2596:
2569:(3): 497–520.
2549:
2500:
2481:
2458:
2405:
2387:
2380:(in Chinese).
2365:
2358:(in Russian).
2343:
2321:
2299:
2268:
2244:
2217:
2158:
2136:
2123:(4): 245–272.
2117:Fossil Studies
2103:
2049:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1853:Tyrannosaurini
1849:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1585:Teratophoneini
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1457:Tyrannosaurini
1449:Daspletosaurus
1425:Teratophoneini
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1180:Bistahieversor
1159:Bistahieversor
1126:Daspletosaurus
1114:Daspletosaurus
1101:
1098:
1076:
1073:
1069:Daspletosaurus
1063:(and possibly
1049:Qianzhousaurus
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
953:Qianzhousaurus
778:Daspletosaurus
764:recognized by
615:
612:
573:coelurosaurian
552:
551:
550:
549:
548:
547:
537:
527:
515:Tyrannosaurini
509:
508:
507:
497:
487:
476:
466:
462:Bistahieversor
453:Teratophoneini
447:
446:
445:
435:
432:Daspletosaurus
415:
414:
413:
410:Qianzhousaurus
403:
382:
371:
361:
348:
347:
343:
342:
339:
327:
326:
320:
319:
304:
300:
299:
291:
287:
286:
281:
274:
273:
268:
261:
260:
255:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
204:
203:
193:
192:
184:
183:
173:
172:
164:
163:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
90:
76:
65:
64:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Tyrannosaurine
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7973:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7929:
7924:
7920:
7915:
7909:
7905:
7900:
7894:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7872:
7857:
7853:
7851:
7844:
7815:
7811:
7809:
7805:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7780:
7779:
7775:
7773:
7772:
7771:Struthiomimus
7768:
7766:
7765:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7754:
7752:
7751:
7747:
7745:
7744:
7740:
7738:
7737:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7726:
7724:
7723:
7722:"Coelosaurus"
7719:
7717:
7716:
7712:
7710:
7709:
7705:
7703:
7702:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7693:
7689:
7683:
7682:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7670:
7667:
7666:
7662:
7660:
7659:
7655:
7653:
7652:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7636:
7632:
7626:
7625:
7621:
7619:
7618:
7617:Pelecanimimus
7614:
7612:
7611:
7607:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7594:
7588:
7587:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7578:Thecocoelurus
7575:
7573:
7572:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7561:
7559:
7558:
7557:Kinnareemimus
7554:
7552:
7551:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7539:
7536:
7535:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7524:
7523:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7511:
7504:
7503:
7499:
7498:
7495:
7492:
7489:
7484:
7474:
7473:
7469:
7467:
7466:
7462:
7460:
7459:
7455:
7452:
7451:
7447:
7445:
7444:
7440:
7438:
7437:
7436:Huaxiagnathus
7433:
7431:
7430:
7429:Compsognathus
7426:
7423:
7422:
7418:
7416:
7415:
7411:
7408:
7407:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7398:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7383:
7382:
7379:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7364:
7358:
7357:
7356:Ornitholestes
7353:
7351:
7350:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7338:
7337:
7334:
7331:
7328:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7310:
7306:
7296:
7291:
7289:
7282:
7276:
7254:
7253:
7249:
7247:
7246:
7242:
7240:
7239:
7235:
7233:
7232:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7200:
7199:
7198:
7197:
7195:
7193:
7189:
7185:
7159:
7158:
7154:
7152:
7151:
7150:Tyrannosaurus
7147:
7145:
7144:
7140:
7139:
7137:
7135:
7131:
7125:
7124:
7123:Teratophoneus
7120:
7118:
7117:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7105:
7103:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7058:
7054:
7048:
7047:
7043:
7041:
7040:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7031:
7027:
7021:
7020:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7009:
7008:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6996:
6990:
6989:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6981:Albertosaurus
6978:
6977:
6975:
6973:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6958:
6952:
6951:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6939:
6937:
6936:
6932:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6917:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6899:
6898:
6897:Xiongguanlong
6894:
6892:
6891:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6879:
6877:
6876:
6875:Suskityrannus
6872:
6870:
6869:
6868:Stokesosaurus
6865:
6863:
6862:
6861:Santanaraptor
6858:
6856:
6855:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6804:Alectrosaurus
6801:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6787:
6782:
6772:
6771:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6723:
6722:
6721:Tanycolagreus
6718:
6716:
6715:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6701:
6694:
6693:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6682:
6681:
6678:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6652:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6617:
6616:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6585:
6584:Bahariasaurus
6581:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6557:
6556:Coelurosauria
6552:
6548:
6544:
6543:Coelurosauria
6539:
6535:
6525:
6520:
6518:
6513:
6506:
6500:
6475:
6474:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6467:Coelurosauria
6464:
6454:
6453:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6433:
6432:
6428:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6398:
6392:
6390:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6364:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6344:Bahariasaurus
6341:
6339:
6338:
6334:
6333:
6330:
6327:
6324:
6320:
6316:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6244:
6240:
6239:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6184:Kelmayisaurus
6181:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6117:
6116:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6091:
6087:
6081:
6080:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6061:
6059:
6058:
6054:
6052:
6051:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6020:
6019:
6018:Saurophaganax
6015:
6012:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5972:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5951:
5950:
5949:Siamotyrannus
5946:
5944:
5943:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5932:
5930:
5929:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5884:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5835:Allosauroidea
5831:
5824:
5823:
5822:Spinosauridae
5819:
5816:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5796:
5795:
5792:
5789:
5786:
5781:
5774:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5761:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5733:
5729:
5719:
5714:
5712:
5705:
5675:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5638:
5637:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5567:Spinosaurinae
5564:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5545:Riparovenator
5542:
5540:
5539:
5538:Ceratosuchops
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5502:Riojavenatrix
5499:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5475:Baryonychinae
5472:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5427:Spinosauridae
5423:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5353:
5352:
5351:Wiehenvenator
5348:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5268:
5263:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5245:
5244:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5087:Chienkosaurus
5084:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5044:
5034:
5027:
5020:
5013:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4878:Furileusauria
4875:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4852:Rahiolisaurus
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4768:Carnotaurinae
4765:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4749:Rahiolisaurus
4746:
4744:
4743:
4742:Majungasaurus
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4679:Tarascosaurus
4676:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4637:Eoabelisaurus
4634:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4622:Chenanisaurus
4619:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4608:Abelisauridae
4604:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4567:Masiakasaurus
4564:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4533:Huinculsaurus
4530:
4528:
4527:
4526:Elaphrosaurus
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4445:Austrocheirus
4442:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4366:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4297:Berberosaurus
4294:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4275:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4215:
4209:
4186:
4185:
4184:Halticosaurus
4181:
4179:
4178:
4177:Teinurosaurus
4174:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:Megapnosaurus
4101:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4074:Coelophysidae
4071:
4065:
4064:
4063:Powellvenator
4060:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3953:Liliensternus
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:Dolichosuchus
3921:
3919:
3918:
3917:Dilophosaurus
3914:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3904:
3899:
3892:
3891:
3890:Herrerasauria
3887:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3843:Daemonosaurus
3840:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3669:
3667:
3662:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3640:
3638:9781400883141
3634:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3272:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2950:(3): e91287.
2949:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2934:Dodson, Peter
2931:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2798:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2723:Tyrannosaurus
2715:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2672:(6): e21376.
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2277:Maleev, E. A.
2272:
2269:
2265:(4): 634–637.
2264:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2218:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2068:Tyrannosaurus
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:Tyrannosaurus
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:Teratophoneus
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:Tyrannosaurus
1173:
1169:
1165:
1164:Teratophoneus
1161:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1150:Tyrannosaurus
1147:
1143:
1139:
1138:Tyrannosaurus
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:Tyrannosaurus
1099:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1089:Maastrichtian
1086:
1083:stage of the
1082:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:Tyrannosaurus
1058:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
949:
945:
941:
940:
934:
933:
928:
927:Teratophoneus
924:
921:stage of the
920:
916:
912:
908:
907:
906:Teratophoneus
898:
897:
896:Teratophoneus
892:
891:
886:
881:
877:
875:
874:Tyrannosaurus
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
850:
845:
844:Maleevosaurus
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
779:
773:
771:
767:
763:
762:Tyrannosaurus
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
738:Evgeny Maleev
735:
732:was named as
731:
728:in 1946. The
727:
723:
719:
715:
714:Tyrannosaurus
711:
710:
704:
702:
701:Tyrannosaurus
698:
694:
693:Tyrannosaurus
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:
652:
651:
646:
642:
638:
637:
632:
624:
620:
613:
611:
609:
608:
603:
602:
597:
593:
589:
588:North America
585:
581:
577:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
546:
545:
538:
536:
535:
534:Tyrannosaurus
528:
526:
525:
518:
517:
516:
510:
506:
505:
504:Teratophoneus
498:
496:
495:
488:
485:
484:
477:
475:
474:
467:
464:
463:
456:
455:
454:
448:
444:
443:
436:
434:
433:
426:
425:
424:
423:
416:
412:
411:
404:
402:
401:
394:
393:
391:
390:
383:
380:
379:
372:
370:
369:
362:
360:
359:
352:
351:
349:
344:
337:
336:
335:Tyrannosaurus
328:
325:
321:
316:
311:
305:
302:
301:
298:
292:
289:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
249:
246:
243:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
214:
209:
205:
201:
200:
199:Tyrannosaurus
194:
190:
185:
181:
180:
174:
170:
165:
160:
156:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
88:
85:81.9–66
80:
72:
69:
61:
56:
52:
48:
47:
41:
32:
31:
19:
7883:
7847:
7776:
7769:
7762:
7755:
7748:
7743:Ornithomimus
7741:
7734:
7727:
7720:
7713:
7706:
7699:
7681:Tyrannomimus
7679:
7671:
7663:
7656:
7651:Deinocheirus
7649:
7642:
7622:
7615:
7608:
7584:
7576:
7571:Nqwebasaurus
7569:
7564:Nedcolbertia
7562:
7555:
7548:
7542:Calamosaurus
7540:
7534:Aviatyrannis
7532:
7525:
7500:
7470:
7463:
7456:
7448:
7441:
7434:
7427:
7419:
7414:Aristosuchus
7412:
7406:Aniksosaurus
7404:
7386:Aniksosaurus
7384:
7354:
7347:
7339:
7285:
7250:
7243:
7236:
7229:
7155:
7148:
7141:
7121:
7114:
7106:
7101:Dynamoterror
7099:
7091:
7071:
7064:
7044:
7037:
7017:
7012:Asiatyrannus
7010:
6998:
6986:
6979:
6950:Dryptosaurus
6948:
6940:
6933:
6902:
6895:
6888:
6880:
6873:
6866:
6859:
6852:
6845:
6840:Jinbeisaurus
6838:
6831:
6824:
6816:
6811:Aviatyrannis
6809:
6802:
6768:
6763:Sinotyrannus
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6719:
6712:
6690:
6683:
6642:
6635:
6628:
6620:
6613:
6605:
6597:
6592:Bicentenaria
6590:
6582:
6577:Asiamericana
6575:
6568:
6509:
6450:
6443:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6415:
6408:
6387:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6352:Deltadromeus
6350:
6342:
6335:
6284:Tyrannotitan
6282:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6241:
6217:
6212:Taurovenator
6210:
6203:
6196:
6191:Lajasvenator
6189:
6182:
6175:
6170:Concavenator
6168:
6160:
6153:
6128:
6120:
6113:
6105:
6097:
6077:
6070:
6062:
6055:
6048:
6041:
6016:
6008:
6000:
5993:
5986:Allosauridae
5954:
5947:
5942:Shidaisaurus
5940:
5933:
5926:
5906:
5898:
5873:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5820:
5812:
5804:
5797:
5770:
5762:
5750:Avetheropoda
5737:Avetheropoda
5708:
5667:Avetheropoda
5634:
5627:
5620:Spinosaurini
5607:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5578:
5550:
5543:
5536:
5515:
5507:
5500:
5495:Protathlitis
5493:
5486:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5439:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5385:Leshansaurus
5383:
5376:
5369:
5349:
5342:
5337:Megalosaurus
5335:
5330:Duriavenator
5328:
5308:
5283:
5267:Megalosauria
5248:
5241:
5236:Marshosaurus
5234:
5229:Condorraptor
5227:
5207:
5166:
5159:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5110:Cruxicheiros
5108:
5101:
5093:
5085:
5077:
4942:
4937:Quilmesaurus
4935:
4928:
4921:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4865:
4858:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4800:
4789:Brachyrostra
4775:
4755:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4718:
4711:
4691:
4686:Tralkasaurus
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4627:
4620:
4588:Vespersaurus
4586:
4581:Velocisaurus
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4482:
4476:Deltadromeus
4474:
4466:
4460:Compsosuchus
4458:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4410:
4402:
4396:Lametasaurus
4394:
4386:
4352:
4347:Ceratosaurus
4345:
4325:
4317:
4310:
4302:
4295:
4279:Ceratosauria
4264:
4257:
4182:
4175:
4133:
4125:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4061:
4056:Podokesaurus
4054:
4047:
4040:
4032:
4008:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3939:Gojirasaurus
3937:
3932:Dracovenator
3930:
3922:
3915:
3903:Neotheropoda
3888:
3880:
3872:
3866:Guaibasaurus
3864:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3835:Chindesaurus
3833:
3723:
3714:
3628:
3619:
3594:
3583:
3550:
3544:
3517:the original
3512:
3508:
3492:
3459:
3455:
3401:
3397:
3387:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3260:the original
3223:
3219:
3206:
3165:
3161:
3145:
3100:
3094:
3044:
3040:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2947:
2941:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2839:
2835:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2714:
2669:
2665:
2627:
2623:
2614:
2609:Dong Zhiming
2599:
2566:
2562:
2552:
2517:
2513:
2503:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2475:
2471:
2468:Nanotyrannus
2467:
2461:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2377:
2374:Dong Zhiming
2368:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2315:
2311:
2302:
2293:
2287:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2191:
2188:in the West"
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2144:
2139:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2004:(1): 16276.
2001:
1995:
1985:
1906:
1905:
1889:
1888:
1865:
1864:
1852:
1802:
1786:
1785:
1762:
1761:
1738:
1737:
1714:
1713:
1680:
1679:
1638:
1637:
1621:
1620:
1597:
1596:
1584:
1545:
1544:
1528:
1527:
1504:
1503:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1429:Dynamoterror
1428:
1424:
1418:
1360:
1359:
1327:
1326:
1310:
1309:
1273:
1272:
1249:
1248:
1225:
1224:
1202:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1142:Gregory Paul
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1116:, follow by
1113:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1078:
1075:Distribution
1068:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1032:
1001:
1000:III and IV.
951:
937:
930:
926:
904:
902:
894:
888:
873:
869:
865:
862:Stygivenator
861:
858:Dinotyrannus
857:
854:Nanotyrannus
853:
847:
846:(1992), and
843:
839:
837:
829:Bayankhongor
810:
807:Dale Russell
802:
776:
774:
769:
761:
758:Ta. efremovi
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:. The genus
741:
733:
713:
707:
705:
700:
692:
689:Dynamosaurus
688:
684:
680:
677:Barnum Brown
654:
648:
641:Joseph Leidy
634:
628:
622:
605:
599:
560:
556:
555:
542:
532:
522:
514:
502:
492:
481:
473:Dynamoterror
471:
460:
452:
440:
430:
420:
408:
398:
387:
376:
366:
358:Asiatyrannus
356:
340:Osborn, 1905
333:
309:
277:
264:
251:
197:
177:
68:
59:
44:
7908:Wikispecies
7808:Maniraptora
7797:Maniraptora
7778:Tototlmimus
7708:Anserimimus
7658:Garudimimus
7644:Beishanlong
7586:Valdoraptor
7527:Arkansaurus
7472:Xunmenglong
7349:Juravenator
7143:Tarbosaurus
7019:Nanuqsaurus
6988:Gorgosaurus
6904:Megaraptora
6890:Timurlengia
6622:Sciurumimus
6570:Aratasaurus
6438:Murusraptor
6360:Fukuiraptor
6323:Megaraptora
6205:Shaochilong
6177:Eocarcharia
6130:Megaraptora
6050:Lusovenator
5928:Alpkarakush
5785:Carnosauria
5636:Spinosaurus
5609:Siamosaurus
5509:Suchosaurus
5456:Iberospinus
5392:Magnosaurus
5371:Afrovenator
5344:Torvosaurus
5095:Chilesaurus
4908:Carnotaurus
4901:Caletodraco
4887:Abelisaurus
4713:Arcovenator
4560:Laevisuchus
4551:Noasaurinae
4453:Berthasaura
4424:Noasauridae
4354:Genyodectes
4319:Lukousaurus
4312:Jubbulpuria
4112:Panguraptor
4090:Coelophysis
4083:Camposaurus
4042:Panguraptor
4034:Dracoraptor
4010:Zupaysaurus
3995:Tachiraptor
3974:Sarcosaurus
3874:Nhandumirim
3462:: 379–387.
1465:Tarbosaurus
1441:Nanuqsaurus
1172:Nanuqsaurus
1130:Tarbosaurus
1122:Phil Currie
1110:Tarbosaurus
1100:Systematics
1065:Tarbosaurus
1023:Description
998:metatarsals
939:Nanuqsaurus
887:remains of
870:Tarbosaurus
825:metatarsals
803:Gorgosaurus
746:Tarbosaurus
722:Gobi Desert
709:Tarbosaurus
524:Tarbosaurus
368:Nanuqsaurus
303:Subfamily:
161:is inculded
7945:Categories
7736:Gallimimus
7665:Harpymimus
7610:Harpymimus
7231:Iliosuchus
7201:see below↓
7030:Alioramini
6847:Juratyrant
6833:Eotyrannus
6818:Bagaraatan
6770:Yutyrannus
6704:Coeluridae
6630:Vayuraptor
6476:see below↓
6452:Tratayenia
6445:Orkoraptor
6431:Megaraptor
6337:Aoniraptor
6270:Mapusaurus
6198:Sauroniops
6162:Altispinax
6115:Neovenator
6057:Siamraptor
6043:Datanglong
6010:Epanterias
6002:Antrodemus
5995:Allosaurus
5976:Allosauria
5799:Altispinax
5764:Gasosaurus
5676:see below↓
5552:Suchomimus
5153:Sinosaurus
4988:see below↓
4944:Viavenator
4894:Aucasaurus
4831:Ilokelesia
4802:Dahalokely
4757:Rajasaurus
4735:Indosaurus
4728:Genusaurus
4720:Dahalokely
4644:Indosuchus
4540:Limusaurus
4499:Ligabueino
4492:Kiyacursor
4484:Genusaurus
4468:Dahalokely
4388:Betasuchus
4259:Dornraptor
4159:see below↓
4135:Segisaurus
3988:Sinosaurus
3851:Eodromaeus
3780:see below↓
3728:Dinosauria
3710:Sauropsida
3553:: 104388.
3151:Xu Xing, X
3005:(4): 675.
2241:: 257–258.
2082:: 105780.
1977:References
1806:2001.36.1
1492:Alioramini
1455:, and the
1421:Alioramini
1057:heterodont
1033:A. remotus
990:astragalus
972:, partial
893:(A) and a
754:Ty. bataar
703:was used.
389:Alioramini
346:Subgroups
324:Type genus
271:Saurischia
258:Dinosauria
155:Cenomanian
7812:includes
7757:Rativates
7750:Qiupalong
7450:Scipionyx
7443:Mirischia
7116:Lythronax
7108:Labocania
7039:Alioramus
6692:Labocania
6410:Aerosteon
5956:Sinraptor
5860:Erectopus
5595:Irritator
5180:Orionides
5065:Tetanurae
5052:Tetanurae
4979:Tetanurae
4915:Elemgasem
4838:Llukalkan
4817:Elemgasem
4574:Noasaurus
4437:Afromimus
4245:Averostra
4232:Averostra
4150:Averostra
4002:Velocipes
3821:Theropoda
3808:Theropoda
3771:Theropoda
3696:Kingdom:
3680:Theropoda
3575:213838772
3484:133830150
3361:2045-2322
3339:: 44942.
3019:130766946
2809:: e9192.
2759:2375-2548
2544:0272-4634
2497:: 92–119.
2362:: 93–104.
2318:: 95–109.
2210:8 October
2098:0195-6671
2026:2045-2322
1433:Lythronax
1191:cladogram
1186:instead.
1168:Lythronax
1146:Alioramus
1134:Alioramus
1118:Alioramus
1081:Campanian
1053:Alioramus
1003:Lythronax
994:calcaneum
919:Campanian
890:Lythronax
866:Raptorex,
812:Alioramus
791:vertebrae
675:, led by
601:Lythronax
590:and east
576:theropods
494:Lythronax
483:Labocania
400:Alioramus
284:Theropoda
231:Kingdom:
225:Eukaryota
196:Skull of
179:Alioramus
176:Skull of
159:Labocania
153:possible
7899:Q2073980
7893:Wikidata
7341:Coelurus
6749:Kileskus
6742:Guanlong
6714:Coelurus
6607:Gualicho
6107:Gualicho
5488:Baryonyx
4824:Guemesia
4651:Kryptops
4412:Ozraptor
4049:Pendraig
3704:Chordata
3702:Phylum:
3698:Animalia
3627:(2016).
3591:(1988).
3428:23196908
3379:28358353
3314:28592520
3256:29689629
3248:22481363
3190:15470426
3137:24223179
3096:PLoS ONE
3071:24807588
2984:24621577
2943:PLoS ONE
2932:(2014).
2872:13261338
2864:21253683
2777:31911944
2706:21738646
2666:PLOS ONE
2611:(2001).
2591:83744433
2472:Hunteria
2445:19762599
2384:: 59–66.
2279:(1955).
2204:Archived
2151:Archived
2044:39054316
2035:11272791
1205:(2020):
1136:than to
1031:Size of
885:holotype
856:(1988),
849:Raptorex
842:(1977),
730:holotype
636:Deinodon
623:Deinodon
378:Raptorex
290:Family:
245:Chordata
241:Phylum:
235:Animalia
221:Domain:
6882:Timimus
6644:Zuolong
6374:Rapator
6277:Meraxes
5602:Oxalaia
4923:Koleken
3946:Lepidus
3708:Class:
3555:Bibcode
3464:Bibcode
3436:6859452
3406:Bibcode
3398:Science
3370:5372470
3341:Bibcode
3305:5493735
3228:Bibcode
3198:4381777
3170:Bibcode
3128:3819173
3105:Bibcode
3049:Bibcode
2975:3951350
2952:Bibcode
2936:(ed.).
2895:Bibcode
2844:Bibcode
2768:6938697
2737:Bibcode
2697:3126816
2674:Bibcode
2632:Bibcode
2571:Bibcode
2522:Bibcode
2478:: 1–30.
2453:1953405
2425:Bibcode
2416:Science
2340:: 1–34.
2006:Bibcode
1010:of the
946:of the
669:Wyoming
665:Montana
55:Discuss
7550:Hexing
7238:Kakuru
6826:Dilong
4867:Thanos
4845:Niebla
4665:Rugops
4658:Kurupi
3635:
3607:
3573:
3482:
3434:
3426:
3377:
3367:
3359:
3312:
3302:
3254:
3246:
3220:Nature
3196:
3188:
3162:Nature
3135:
3125:
3069:
3017:
2982:
2972:
2870:
2862:
2775:
2765:
2757:
2704:
2694:
2589:
2542:
2451:
2443:
2180:, and
2096:
2042:
2032:
2024:
1467:, and
1435:, and
1203:et al.
1170:, and
996:, and
986:fibula
787:pelvis
718:Soviet
580:genera
569:family
317:, 1906
315:Osborn
51:merged
7928:65352
7814:birds
6854:Moros
6381:Siats
6122:Siats
6064:Siats
3724:Clade
3715:Clade
3601:464pp
3571:S2CID
3520:(PDF)
3505:(PDF)
3480:S2CID
3432:S2CID
3263:(PDF)
3252:S2CID
3216:(PDF)
3194:S2CID
3158:(PDF)
3015:S2CID
2868:S2CID
2803:PeerJ
2620:(PDF)
2587:S2CID
2520:(5).
2449:S2CID
2284:(PDF)
992:with
982:tibia
978:femur
958:teeth
797:, by
278:Clade
265:Clade
252:Clade
7806:see
6424:Maip
3882:Tawa
3757:see
3633:ISBN
3605:ISBN
3424:PMID
3375:PMID
3357:ISSN
3310:PMID
3244:PMID
3186:PMID
3133:PMID
3067:PMID
2980:PMID
2860:PMID
2773:PMID
2755:ISSN
2702:PMID
2540:ISSN
2495:9–10
2441:PMID
2212:2008
2094:ISSN
2040:PMID
2022:ISSN
1451:and
1189:The
1132:and
1051:and
974:ilia
964:, 3
860:and
756:and
667:and
592:Asia
567:, a
93:PreꞒ
3563:doi
3551:110
3472:doi
3460:511
3414:doi
3402:339
3365:PMC
3349:doi
3300:PMC
3290:doi
3236:doi
3224:484
3178:doi
3166:431
3123:PMC
3113:doi
3057:doi
3007:doi
2970:PMC
2960:doi
2903:doi
2852:doi
2811:doi
2763:PMC
2745:doi
2692:PMC
2682:doi
2640:doi
2579:doi
2530:doi
2433:doi
2421:326
2294:104
2263:104
2125:doi
2084:doi
2080:155
2030:PMC
2014:doi
1804:TMP
821:PIN
783:CMN
740:as
736:by
571:of
49:be
7947::
7925::
7910::
7895::
3726::
3717::
3603:.
3569:.
3561:.
3549:.
3528:^
3513:48
3511:.
3507:.
3478:.
3470:.
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2016::
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540:†
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307:†
294:†
148:N
138:K
133:J
128:T
123:P
118:C
113:D
108:S
103:O
98:Ꞓ
57:)
20:)
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