580:
598:
44:
714:
forecast direction and speed of movement of the tropical cyclone (relative to the
Philippine landmass) at the time of TCB issuance. As a tropical cyclone approaches or moves over land, intensifies or becomes wider, a wind signal raised over a particular locality can be escalated to a higher wind signal level; multiple wind signals hoisted over various areas can also be escalated, and the extent or area where there are active wind signals can also be expanded. On the other hand, wind signals are de-escalated to lower wind signal levels, or else lifted or deactivated, and the area where wind signals are active becomes smaller when the tropical cyclone moves away from land, weakens or scales down in its width. The TCWS system also allows for the skipping of wind signal levels, especially when there is a rapid change in the state of the tropical cyclone.
721:, which is the period of time within which a locality should expect the arrival of a range of tropical cyclone wind intensity, i.e. the number of hours from the first time a wind signal is hoisted until the expected range of tropical cyclone wind intensity starts impacting a particular locality. This makes the TCWS an early warning system, wherein the initial issuance of a particular signal level over a locality does not mean that the inclement weather conditions indicated for the given signal level is already prevailing. The lead time is used to raise awareness of the approximate remaining length of time for the public to prepare against impending tropical cyclone winds. Lead times in the TCWS system are valid only for the first issuance of a particular wind signal; higher wind signal levels correspond to higher wind speeds and shorter lead times.
702:
1334:
1349:) that they have amended both the tropical cyclone intensity scale and the Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals (TCWS) as a result of a "sunset review" of the agency's tropical cyclone warning system. In a press release, PAGASA stated that the intensity scale and TCWS revisions are based on the "adoption of best practices from other TC warning centers and regionally-accepted operational standards, developments in objective guidance for TC wind swaths, operational experiences and challenges encountered by typhoon forecasters, and feedback from end-users and stakeholders."
1080:
1437:, which empirically assigns a number from 0 to 12 to measure wind speed. As a result, the wind intensity ranges in the modified TCWS parallels that of the revised tropical cyclone intensity scale, i.e. each signal level in the modified TCWS is associated with each tropical cyclone category (TCWS #1 corresponding to tropical depression, TCWS #2 for tropical storm, and so on). This March 2022 update of the tropical cyclone intensity scale and TCWS is the version that is currently being implemented in the Philippines.
1095:
653:, which is collectively placed under a single wind signal level. All TCWS signal levels in effect in various localities affected or to be affected by tropical cyclone winds are enumerated in each TCB issuance, including the escalation, de-escalation or lifting of such signal levels. Wind signals are hoisted and updated (escalated, de-escalated or lifted) usually in regular time intervals coinciding with the release of a TCB:
964:
tropical cyclone wind strength, thus informing the public as early as possible of the approximate remaining length of time for preparations against impending tropical cyclone winds. Lead times remain in use in succeeding versions of PAGASA's tropical cyclone signal systems, with higher signal levels corresponding to both stronger wind speeds and shorter lead times.
1729:
1113:, known in the Philippines as Typhoon "Yolanda", caused catastrophic destruction after plowing through central Philippines in November 2013 with 10-minute maximum sustained winds peaking at 235 km/h as estimated by PAGASA. Discussions on the revision of the PSWS started, as PSWS #4 was deemed inadequate for extreme tropical cyclones.
626:(TCB) to inform the general public of the cyclone's location, intensity, movement, circulation radius and its forecast track and intensity for at most 72 hours. The TCB also contains a plain-text discussion of the hazards threatening land and coastal waters and the PAGASA's track and intensity outlook for the cyclone.
749:) induced by tropical cyclones. PAGASA has other warning systems already in place for rainfall, such as Rainfall Advisories for light to moderate rainfall and the Heavy Rainfall Warning System (HR-WS) for heavy and/or continuous rainfall during rain-intensive weather events including tropical cyclones.
772:
are allowed to suspend classes and work due to tropical cyclones only in the following three cases: (1) if the institution's locality has been placed under Wind Signal #3, (2) if the local chief executive, i.e. municipal or city mayor, declares the suspension of work and classes in all levels, (3) if
1132:
in charge of the
Northwest Pacific basin). In this amendment, PAGASA introduced the "severe tropical storm" category (in between the tropical storm and typhoon categories) and the "super typhoon" category, the latter being defined as an extreme tropical cyclone with 10-minute maximum sustained winds
379:
Makeshift or old, dilapidated structures, and other structures made of light materials may suffer substantial damage. Houses of poor or average construction will have considerable roof damage, some blown-out windows, and/or partial wall damage. Well-constructed houses (e.g., reinforced/pre-cast CHB,
724:
For example, winds of 39–61 km/h is expected to occur within the next 36 hours when a specific locality is initially put under TCWS #1 due to an approaching tropical cyclone; thus, that locality has at least 36 hours to prepare before such winds arrive or start to occur. When the wind signal in the
1352:
For the intensity scale, PAGASA lowered the threshold wind speed for classifying super typhoons from 220 km/h to 185 km/h and defined a super typhoon as an extreme tropical cyclone with 10-minute maximum sustained winds reaching 185 km/h or greater (the range of wind speed for typhoon category is
121:
and is forecast to affect the
Philippine archipelago. It is a tiered system that has five numbered levels, with higher numbers associated with higher wind speeds and shorter "lead times", which are time periods within which an expected range of wind strength is expected to occur. TCWS signals are
967:
PAGASA later expanded this to include details on the impacts of such wind intensities (particularly the potential scale of damage to agriculture and infrastructure) and the precautionary measures to be taken. This four-tiered Public Storm
Warning Signal system was in place for nearly two decades
713:
The TCWS system is a tiered system (from TCWS #1 to #5) that allows for the escalation, de-escalation or lifting of wind signals in every TCB issuance depending on the tropical cyclone wind intensity, the extent of tropical cyclone winds (i.e. radius of tropical cyclone wind circulation) and the
137:
The TCWS system is the consequence of decades of evolution of early warning systems for tropical cyclones in the
Philippines. The very first tropical cyclone warning in the country was issued in July 1879, albeit it was in 1931 when the earliest formalized system of tropical cyclone warning was
736:
above, PAGASA devised the TCWS system such that each of the five warning signals stands for specific levels of severity of the impacts of tropical cyclone winds (increasing from minimal/minor impacts in TCWS #1 up to catastrophic impacts in TCWS #5), especially on damages to infrastructure and
963:
A fourth signal level was added in 1997 to accommodate stronger typhoons and, in this amendment, the concept of "lead time" was first introduced. Each signal level has a corresponding lead time which indicates the period of time within which an locality should expect the arrival of a range of
896:: PSWS #1 for cyclones at tropical depression strength, with 10-minute maximum sustained wind speed of no more than 63 km/h (≤39 mph; ≤34 kn); PSWS #2 for cyclones at tropical storm strength, with winds reaching 64–117 km/h (40–72 mph; 35–63 kn); and PSWS #3 for cyclones attaining
676:
within the next 24 hours; (b) during land crossing and directly after land crossing when the tropical cyclone starts to move over water away from land; (c) the tropical cyclone remains offshore but is significantly close to the landmass, warranting the activation of TCWS signals
465:
Severe damage will occur to makeshift or old, dilapidated of light structures, and other structures made of light materials. Houses of poor or average construction may receive major damage, including complete roof failure and possible wall collapse; a few may suffer severe
138:
implemented by PAGASA's predecessor, the
Philippine Weather Bureau. In the late 20th century, this system gradually transformed into the more familiar four-tiered public storm warning signal system. This was further subject to revisions after the catastrophic onslaught of
697:
TCBs can also be released only twice a day (12-hourly) when the tropical cyclone is too far away that it does not affect the
Philippine landmass (whether or not the tropical cyclone is approaching the landmass), in which case no TCWS signals are raised.
338:
Most banana and similar plants are tilted, with some stooped or downed. Some small trees blow over, with twigs and branches of frail trees broken. Considerable damage is likely to rice and other similar crops, especially those in flowering and ripening
539:
Severe to catastrophic damage is expected to houses of poor or average construction, makeshift or old, dilapidated structures, and other structures made of light materials. Well-constructed houses may suffer substantial roof and wall failure or
864:
It was during the
American period when the earliest formalized system of tropical cyclone warning, with levels/tiers of increasing severity, was used in the Philippines as a result of a 1930 conference of meteorological institutions in the
579:
1875:
619:
869:, of which the Philippine Weather Bureau's then Director Miguel Selga was a participant. First implemented by the Bureau in 1931, this tropical cyclone warning system was a revised version of the originally seven-tiered numbered
876:
in 1917. The 1930 revision extended the seven warning levels to ten (from PSWS #1 to #10), and it had symbols and meanings that are retained in the HKO's current (1973–present) version of their tropical cyclone warning system.
781:
are prohibited to venture out to sea when the TCWS (also regardless of the warning level) is in effect along its route and points of departure and destination, with strict exemptions applied only to few vessel types.
597:
1429:
the wide wind intensity range in the old TCWS #2, which was applicable for both tropical storms and severe tropical storms despite significant change in both cyclonic wind strength and impact severity.
701:
2232:"DepEd Order No. 37, s. 2022 (Guidelines on the cancellation or suspension of classes and work in schools in the event of natural disasters, power outages/power interruptions and other calamities)"
425:
Some small trees, most banana and similar plants, and a few large trees are downed or broken. Rice and other similar crops, especially those in flowering and ripening stages may suffer heavy damage
2072:
1120:(TCWS) system in May 2015 to supersede the PSWS. Alongside the TCWS, PAGASA also declared its official tropical cyclone intensity scale which resembles the intensity scale stipulated in the
43:
302:
Minor to moderate damage may occur to makeshift or old dilapidated structures, and other structures made of light materials. Houses of poor and average construction (e.g., unreinforced
881:
709:
in
September 23–26, 2022. Notice how wind signal levels are escalated/downgraded and how the overall area with wind signals expand/contract as the typhoon moved through Luzon Island.
493:
Near total loss of power supply and telecommunications due to numerous downed power lines, poles, and cellular towers. Diminished availability of potable water supply is also likely.
1827:
1983:
756:
in the
Philippines due to tropical cyclones, albeit this is not explicitly stated since it is already outside PAGASA's purview. The currently applied protocol by the country's
2299:
1333:
1879:
546:
Most windows will be blown out in high-rise office buildings; moderate structural damage is possible due to swaying. Most, if not all, billboards and signs will be destroyed.
499:
Significant damage to banana and similar plants. Most small trees and some large trees will be broken, defoliated, or uprooted. Almost total damage to rice and other crops
1353:
consequently adjusted to 118–184 km/h). This is deemed similar to the super typhoon definition used by other meteorological agencies in the Northwest Pacific such as the
558:
Vast majority of the trees will be broken, defoliated, or unrooted. Banana and similar plants will be extensively damaged. Only few trees, plants, and crops will survive.
487:
in most high-rise office buildings may be blown out; a few of these buildings may have minor to moderate damage and higher proportion of blown-out windows due to swaying.
2108:
134:
level) and are escalated, de-escalated or lifted depending on the expected strength of winds and the movement of the tropical cyclone relative to the affected areas.
764:
located in localities where the TCWS system (regardless of the warning level) is in effect due to a tropical cyclone. However, current protocols implemented by the
142:
in 2013, which prompted the addition of a fifth warning level to emphasize extreme tropical cyclone winds. The current version of the TCWS was implemented in 2022.
1914:
603:
The wind signals enumerated in the same bulletin are visualized in this color-coded map which PAGASA publishes in its official website and social media accounts.
725:
same locality is escalated to #2, the public has at least 24 hours left to prepare or brace themselves before their locality is struck by winds of 62–88 km/h.
1941:
765:
2460:
1426:
the "indistinguishable" damages sustained in areas under the old TCWS #4 and TCWS #5, as discovered through damage assessment of previous tropical cyclones;
2328:
2080:
1605:
Introduction to the March 23, 2022 update of the Philippine Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal (TCWS) System – DOST-PAGASA official YouTube channel (in Filipino)
469:
Most well-constructed houses may suffer minor to moderate roof damage, with some houses experiencing major roof failure; blown out windows are also likely.
846:
807:
1577:
1129:
870:
31:
737:
agriculture due to high winds and the risk of injury or death due to building failure or airborne debris. The scope of the TCWS system does not include
2534:
728:
Contrary to common misconception and as implied by its name, the purpose of the TCWS system is to warn the public of the threat of tropical cyclone
552:
Electricity, potable water supply, and telecommunications will be unavailable for prolonged periods due to significant disruption in infrastructure.
2424:
2238:
1133:
in excess of 220 km/h. A fifth signal level, TCWS #5, was introduced accordingly for super typhoons, with the same 12-hour lead time as TCWS #4.
884:, the Bureau's ten-tiered tropical cyclone warning system was revised in the 1970s to include only three levels corresponding to the three basic
1837:
634:
107:
2529:
2493:
1582:
799:
757:
412:
92:
35:
30:
This article is about the tropical cyclone warning system used in the Philippines. For the similarly named warning system in Hong Kong, see
633:(TCWS) system once it is determined that the tropical cyclone inside the PAR is going to directly affect the Philippines and its outermost
2289:
773:
the institution's head, i.e. president, headmaster or dean, declares the suspension of work and classes. On the other hand, the country's
549:
Extensive damage will be caused by airborne debris. People, pets, and livestock exposed to the wind are at great risk of injury or death.
769:
2393:
637:
are at least 36 hours away from reaching the nearest Philippine landmass. Wind signals under the TCWS system are hoisted primarily at
889:
642:
615:
260:
131:
118:
1868:
589:. The table on the second page lists down all localities where Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals are in effect at the time of issuance.
2368:
2465:
2396:(Report). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). November 7, 2013. Archived from
2116:
657:
6-hourly TCB issuance: when TCWS signals levels have been raised as the tropical cyclone approaches the Philippine landmass (5:00
1791:
2030:
400:
Unsecured, exposed outdoor items of light to moderate weight may become projectiles, causing additional damage or injuries.
245:, makeshift), old dilapidated structures, and other structures made of light materials will suffer minimal to minor damage.
1755:
1358:
1152:(for which other weather warning systems, particularly the PAGASA Heavy Rainfall Warning System, are already in place).
761:
753:
646:
123:
111:
2470:
1995:
1125:
1121:
813:
586:
2154:(in Filipino). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). March 23, 2022
825:. The primitive methods of meteorological observation and the lack of telegraph communications made it hard for the
1338:
1951:
1140:
Signal" in 2019 to show emphasis that this warning system is based on tropical cyclone wind intensity rather than
1991:
638:
585:
The first two pages of a Tropical Cyclone Bulletin (TCB) issued by PAGASA on August 23, 2022 at 11:00 AM PHT for
127:
2321:
1708:
1599:
1346:
666:
2434:
1587:
893:
760:(DepEd) indicates that classes (from kindergarten to Grade 12) and work are automatically suspended in all
774:
384:
238:
2501:
2364:
2193:. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). March 23, 2022.
1354:
1079:
303:
2231:
1422:
For the TCWS, adjustments were made in the wind intensity ranges per wind signal level to account for:
1094:
845:, leading to major improvements in their tropical cyclone monitoring and warning. In 1901, during the
2263:
490:
Considerable airborne debris will be generated and may cause damage, injury, and possible fatalities.
1433:
PAGASA, thus, amended the TCWS by adjusting the wind intensity ranges per signal level based on the
2358:"Technical Note No. 109: Evolution of the Tropical Cyclone Warning Systems in Hong Kong since 1884"
2187:"Modified Tropical Cyclone Warning System (in the 2022 World Meteorological Day: Scientific Forum)"
404:
325:
204:
543:
Many industrial buildings will be destroyed, with only few receiving partial roof and wall damage.
2397:
818:
2322:"Memorandum Circular No. 02-23 (Revised guidelines on movement of vessels during heavy weather)"
1345:
Seven years later, PAGASA announced on March 23, 2022 (in line with the celebration of the 2022
834:
321:
Unsecured, exposed lightweight items may become projectiles which may cause additional damage.
84:
796:
611:
214:
104:
1600:
Philippine Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals (TCWS) – DOST-PAGASA official website (in English)
2429:
2294:
2186:
394:
2205:
2212:. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
2394:
Tropical Cyclone Warning: Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) Severe Weather Bulletin Number Six
2357:
1434:
1110:
1085:
969:
838:
416:
219:
198:
139:
2038:
2523:
2290:"CHED clarifies cancellation of classes in public, private schools in tertiary level"
2035:
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
1733:
1337:
A PAGASA meteorologist presenting the Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals in effect due to
1802:
732:, including its associated hazards and/or impacts on land areas. As detailed in the
706:
650:
408:
329:
253:
249:
56:
252:
and similar plants are tilted, while twigs of small trees may sway with the wind.
1640:
When converted from JTWC's 1-minute averaging to PAGASA/WMO's 10-minute averaging
857:
and was the predecessor to the now independent Philippine's state weather bureau
256:
crops, especially those in flowering and ripening stages, may suffer some damage.
2031:"Press Release: DOST-PAGASA modifies Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal (TCWS) system"
1145:
803:
209:
117:
PAGASA's TCWS system is activated when a tropical cyclone is inside or near the
100:
52:
1759:
2145:
1604:
778:
1876:
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration
1828:"Why is it now called tropical cyclone 'wind' – and not 'warning' – signals?"
620:
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration
97:
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration
1714:
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
1149:
968:
until amendments were made in 2015, two years after the disaster brought by
822:
746:
473:
390:
833:
scientific institution established in 1865, to promptly warn areas outside
1100:
866:
673:
381:
2146:"Modified Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal (TCWS) System (23 March 2022)"
2150:
1946:
1832:
1136:
The Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal was then renamed "Tropical Cyclone
897:
885:
830:
307:
672:
3-hourly TCB issuance: when (a) the tropical cyclone is about to make
1796:
1787:
1751:
1713:
858:
311:
242:
235:
157:
96:
555:
Prolonged significant to severe disruption to public transportation.
156:
This table incorporates text from public domain sources authored by
17:
742:
484:
477:
48:
1732:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1141:
738:
315:
60:
480:
roofs and coverings may occur in buildings at industrial parks.
1915:"The Philippines modified its Tropical Cyclone Warning System"
1316:(>140 mph; >120 kn) are prevailing or expected to occur
705:
The progression of Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal issuances for
2109:"Pagasa revises definition of 'super typhoon,' signal system"
1297:(106–140 mph; 92–120 kn) are prevailing or expected to occur
2206:"Public Weather Forecast Issued at 4:00 AM October 26, 2018"
1538:; 64–99 kn; 73–114 mph) are prevailing or expected to occur
821:) warned of a typhoon moving across Northern Luzon based on
1560:; ≥ 100 kn; ≥ 115 mph) are prevailing or expected to occur
1516:; 48–63 kn; 55–72 mph) are prevailing or expected to occur
1494:; 34–47 kn; 39–54 mph) are prevailing or expected to occur
1472:; 22–33 kn; 25–38 mph) are prevailing or expected to occur
1278:(75–105 mph; 65–91 kn) are prevailing or expected to occur
422:
Moderate to significant disruption to public transportation
1259:(38–74 mph; 33–64 kn) are prevailing or expected to occur
1240:(19–37 mph; 16–32 kn) are prevailing or expected to occur
496:
Significant to severe disruption to public transportation.
403:
Many areas may suffer power outages with numerous downed
1942:"PAGASA adds Storm Signal No. 5 to storm warning system"
1554:
extreme typhoon-force winds (Beaufort Force 12 winds of
900:-force winds, i.e. at least 118 km/h (≥73 mph; ≥64 kn).
733:
47:
Map of Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals hoisted in most of
2073:"PAGASA changes super typhoon definition, wind signals"
1869:"Annual Report on Philippine Tropical Cyclones (2017)"
1792:"The Modified Philippine Public Storm Warning Signals"
335:
Minor to moderate disruption to public transportation.
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
874:(PSWS) introduced by the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO)
2494:"How to use PAGASA's color-coded rainfall advisory"
2356:Lui, W. H.; Lee, T.C.; Shun, C. M. (January 2018).
374:
Moderate to significant threat to life and property
1984:"Pagasa adds storm signal No. 5 for supertyphoons"
34:. For other tropical cyclone warning systems, see
2102:
2100:
2098:
460:Significant to severe threat to life and property
2454:
2452:
2288:Hernando-Malipot, Merlina (September 28, 2022).
1532:typhoon-force winds (Beaufort Force 12 winds of
1216:Philippine Tropical Cyclone Warning/Wind Signals
2425:"Storm Signal No. 5 officially added by PAGASA"
1821:
1819:
1058:(>115 mph; >100 kn) expected in at least
717:An important feature of the TCWS system is the
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
754:suspension of work, classes and transportation
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
1667:or "storm-force to violent storm-force winds"
1039:(63–115 mph; 55–100 kn) expected in at least
837:. In 1884, the institution was formalized by
297:Minor to moderate threat to life and property
8:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1756:"Philippine Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal"
1746:
1744:
1742:
1208:>220 km/h (>140 mph; >120 kn)
229:Minimal to minor threat to life and property
2419:
2417:
2415:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2115:. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1649:or "strong breeze to near gale-force winds"
1366:Philippine Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale
1158:Philippine Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale
1020:(38–62 mph; 33–54 kn) expected in at least
1001:(19–37 mph; 16–32 kn) expected in at least
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1920:. World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
1658:or "gale-force to severe gale-force winds"
1578:Hong Kong tropical cyclone warning signals
1439:
1363:
1213:
1200:118–220 km/h (73–140 mph; 64–120 kn)
1155:
1130:Regional Specialized Meteorological Center
1124:'s operational manual (implemented by the
974:
902:
430:Severe tropical storms (STS) and stronger
387:) may suffer minimal to minor roof damage.
32:Hong Kong tropical cyclone warning signals
1510:storm-force winds (Beaufort Force 10–11:
1408:118–184 km/h (73–114 mph; 64–99 kn)
1442:Philippine Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals
1332:
700:
184:Corresponding tropical cyclone category
178:Warning lead time (from first issuance)
166:Philippine Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals
163:
42:
2264:"CHED Memorandum Order No. 15, s. 2012"
1689:
1616:
1400:89–117 km/h (55–72 mph; 48–63 kn)
1192:89–117 km/h (55–72 mph; 48–63 kn)
977:Philippine Public Storm Warning Signals
905:Philippine Public Storm Warning Signals
762:public elementary and secondary schools
752:The TCWS system is often the basis for
267:Tropical depressions (TD) and stronger
2351:
2349:
1913:Esperanza O. Cayanan (July 20, 2015).
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1488:gale-force winds (Beaufort Force 8–9:
1392:62–88 km/h (39–54 mph; 34–47 kn)
1184:62–88 km/h (39–54 mph; 34–47 kn)
1103:nearly a week after Haiyan's onslaught
328:may be blown down, resulting in local
2461:"Pagasa bares 5 new storm categories"
2374:from the original on January 12, 2024
2334:from the original on January 11, 2024
2302:from the original on January 11, 2024
2244:from the original on January 11, 2024
1885:from the original on January 12, 2024
1676:equivalent to "hurricane-force winds"
1583:Tropical cyclone warnings and watches
1088:at peak intensity on November 7, 2013
587:Severe Tropical Storm Ma-on (Florita)
36:Tropical cyclone warnings and watches
7:
1507:Severe tropical storms and stronger
843:Observatorio Meteorológico de Manila
806:happened in July 7, 1879 during the
741:(and its associated hazards such as
397:may suffer minor to moderate damage.
1416:≥185 km/h (≥115 mph; ≥100 kn)
534:Extreme threat to life and property
146:Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal levels
2492:de la Cruz, Gwen (April 4, 2015).
2107:Sarao, Zacarian (March 24, 2022).
1466:strong winds (Beaufort Force 6–7:
1463:Tropical depressions and stronger
622:(PAGASA) commences the release of
344:Tropical storms (TS) and stronger
234:House of poor construction (e.g.,
25:
2204:Perez, Chris (October 26, 2018).
1940:de la Cruz, Gwen (May 21, 2015).
1341:on the morning of April 10, 2022.
1116:As a result, PAGASA launched the
890:World Meteorological Organization
629:PAGASA activates the five-tiered
616:Philippine Area of Responsibility
570:Issuance principles and practices
411:. Minimal to minor disruption in
119:Philippine Area of Responsibility
27:Weather alerts in the Philippines
2459:Cervantes, Ding (May 16, 2015).
2037:. March 23, 2022. Archived from
1826:Arceo, Acor (December 3, 2019).
1727:
1625:Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals
1384:≤61 km/h (≤38 mph; ≤33 kn)
1176:≤61 km/h (≤38 mph; ≤33 kn)
1093:
1078:
596:
578:
122:issued for specific localities (
2535:Weather warnings and advisories
1118:Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal
886:tropical cyclone classification
812:Observatorio Meteorológico del
770:state universities and colleges
649:level; an exception to this is
2433:. May 21, 2015. Archived from
2071:Arceo, Acor (March 23, 2022).
1982:Sauler, Erika (May 21, 2015).
1709:"Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal"
1329:Current version (2022–onwards)
766:Commission on Higher Education
1:
1485:Tropical storms and stronger
810:, when Federico Faura of the
99:(PAGASA) to areas within the
93:tropical cyclone alert levels
69:Tropical Cyclone Wind Signals
2530:Tropical cyclone meteorology
1629:Public Storm Warning Signals
1359:Joint Typhoon Warning Center
1339:Tropical Storm Megi (Agaton)
872:Public Storm Warning Signals
847:American colonization period
631:Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal
514:Extreme typhoon-force winds:
1126:Japan Meteorological Agency
1122:ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee
795:The earliest issuance of a
777:decrees that generally all
614:forms inside or enters the
504:Typhoons (TY) and stronger
2551:
1055:greater than 185 km/h
814:Ateneo Municipal de Manila
624:Tropical Cyclone Bulletins
29:
1992:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1444:(updated March 23, 2022)
1435:Beaufort wind force scale
1368:(updated March 23, 2022)
855:Philippine Weather Bureau
1347:World Meteorological Day
1128:(JMA), which is the WMO
1086:Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
808:Spanish colonization era
314:-CHB) may receive minor
140:Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
103:that may be affected by
1588:Tropical cyclone scales
1070:Post-Haiyan (2015–2022)
894:Northwest Pacific basin
853:was reorganized as the
758:Department of Education
393:and other buildings in
181:Potential wind impacts
1529:Typhoons and stronger
1397:Severe tropical storm
1342:
1189:Severe tropical storm
943:(40–72 mph; 35–63 kn)
791:Pre-Haiyan (1879–2015)
768:(CHED) stipulate that
710:
707:Typhoon Noru (Karding)
259:Minimal disruption to
64:
57:Typhoon Noru (Karding)
2365:Hong Kong Observatory
2237:. September 1, 2022.
1355:Hong Kong Observatory
1336:
1313:greater than 220 km/h
704:
563:Super typhoons (STY)
261:public transportation
110:and their associated
63:on September 25, 2022
46:
1381:Tropical depression
1173:Tropical depression
440:Typhoon-force winds:
417:potable water supply
358:Beaufort Force 10–11
2400:on November 8, 2013
1557:185 km/h or greater
1445:
1369:
1219:
1161:
980:
954:118 km/h or greater
908:
823:barometric readings
689:a.m./p.m. and 11:00
661:a.m./p.m. and 11:00
168:
89:Mga Babala ng Bagyo
2504:on August 23, 2022
2473:on August 23, 2022
2437:on August 23, 2022
2327:. March 23, 2023.
2119:on August 23, 2022
2083:on August 23, 2022
2041:on August 23, 2022
1998:on August 23, 2022
1840:on August 23, 2022
1623:Formerly known as
1440:
1364:
1343:
1214:
1156:
975:
957:(≥73 mph; ≥64 kn)
929:(≤39 mph; ≤34 kn)
903:
819:Manila Observatory
817:(now known as the
711:
413:telecommunications
354:Storm-force winds:
281:Beaufort Force 8–9
164:
65:
1954:on April 26, 2019
1569:
1568:
1420:
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1325:
1324:
1212:
1211:
1067:
1066:
1036:101–185 km/h
961:
960:
567:
566:
518:Beaufort Force 12
444:Beaufort Force 12
277:Gale-force winds:
16:(Redirected from
2542:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2500:. Archived from
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2483:
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2480:
2478:
2469:. Archived from
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2104:
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2088:
2079:. Archived from
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2046:
2027:
2008:
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2005:
2003:
1994:. Archived from
1979:
1964:
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1937:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1873:
1865:
1850:
1849:
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1845:
1836:. Archived from
1823:
1814:
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1811:
1810:
1801:. Archived from
1784:
1771:
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1768:
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1758:. Archived from
1748:
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1621:
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1376:Sustained winds
1370:
1220:
1168:Sustained winds
1162:
1097:
1082:
1017:61–100 km/h
981:
909:
797:tropical cyclone
692:
688:
684:
680:
664:
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612:tropical cyclone
600:
582:
395:industrial parks
326:electrical wires
172:Wind Signal No.
169:
105:tropical cyclone
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2430:CNN Philippines
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1627:(2015–2019) or
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1563:within 12 hours
1551:Super typhoons
1541:within 12 hours
1519:within 18 hours
1497:within 24 hours
1475:within 36 hours
1389:Tropical storm
1331:
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1319:within 12 hours
1300:within 12 hours
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1262:within 24 hours
1243:within 36 hours
1181:Tropical storm
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1098:
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998:30–60 km/h
926:63 km/h or less
793:
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693:a.m./p.m. PHT).
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2269:. June 1, 2012
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1594:External links
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841:decree as the
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2506:. Retrieved
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2466:ABS-CBN News
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2113:Inquirer.net
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1996:the original
1988:Inquirer.net
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1719:. Retrieved
1712:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1631:(1970s–2015)
1628:
1624:
1619:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1540:
1539:
1535:118–184 km/h
1534:
1533:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1441:
1432:
1421:
1365:
1351:
1344:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1299:
1298:
1294:171–220 km/h
1293:
1292:
1280:
1279:
1275:121–170 km/h
1274:
1273:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1254:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1218:(2015–2022)
1215:
1160:(2015–2022)
1157:
1146:flash floods
1137:
1135:
1117:
1115:
1109:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1003:
1002:
997:
996:
979:(1997–2015)
976:
966:
962:
953:
952:
939:
938:
925:
924:
904:
882:World War II
879:
871:
863:
854:
851:Observatorio
850:
842:
827:Observatorio
826:
811:
794:
751:
729:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
696:
651:Metro Manila
630:
628:
623:
609:
533:
532:
513:
512:
459:
458:
446:118–184 km/h
439:
438:
385:moment frame
373:
372:
353:
352:
296:
295:
276:
275:
228:
227:
193:
192:
165:
155:
151:
150:
149:
136:
116:
88:
80:
77:wind signals
76:
75:, or simply
72:
68:
66:
40:
2404:November 9,
2378:January 12,
2338:January 11,
2306:January 11,
2273:January 11,
2248:January 11,
1889:January 12,
1513:89–117 km/h
1452:Issued for
1449:Signal No.
1256:61–120 km/h
1223:Signal No.
984:Signal No.
940:64–117 km/h
912:Signal No.
804:Philippines
775:Coast Guard
618:(PAR), the
610:Whenever a
472:Failure of
452:73–114 mph
405:power lines
380:reinforced
360:89–117 km/h
175:Wind speed
101:Philippines
59:at 5:00 PM
53:Philippines
2524:Categories
2508:August 23,
2477:August 23,
2441:August 23,
2216:August 24,
2158:August 23,
2123:August 23,
2087:August 23,
2045:August 23,
2002:August 23,
1844:August 23,
1809:2008-09-30
1766:2022-06-30
1721:August 23,
1684:References
1491:62–88 km/h
1469:39–61 km/h
1237:30–60 km/h
1150:landslides
747:landslides
665:a.m./p.m.
391:Warehouses
366:55–72 mph
289:39–54 mph
283:62–88 km/h
213:10.8–17.1
1958:April 26,
1373:Category
1291:winds of
1272:winds of
1253:winds of
1234:winds of
1165:Category
1033:winds of
1014:winds of
995:winds of
951:winds of
937:winds of
923:winds of
719:lead time
643:municipal
529:12 hours
526:≥115 mph
524:≥51.3 m/s
520:≥185 km/h
455:12 hours
369:18 hours
292:24 hours
224:36 hours
132:municipal
2369:Archived
2329:Archived
2300:Archived
2239:Archived
1880:Archived
1716:(PAGASA)
1572:See also
1548:TCWS #5
1526:TCWS #4
1504:TCWS #3
1482:TCWS #2
1460:TCWS #1
1455:Meaning
1405:Typhoon
1361:(JTWC).
1307:TCWS #5
1288:TCWS #4
1269:TCWS #3
1250:TCWS #2
1231:TCWS #1
1226:Meaning
1197:Typhoon
1061:12 hours
1049:PSWS #4
1042:18 hours
1030:PSWS #3
1023:24 hours
1011:PSWS #2
1004:36 hours
992:PSWS #1
987:Meaning
948:PSWS #3
934:PSWS #2
920:PSWS #1
915:Meaning
907:(1970s)
867:Far East
743:flooding
739:rainfall
674:landfall
647:province
509:TCWS #5
474:aluminum
448:64–99 kn
435:TCWS #4
382:concrete
362:48–63 kn
349:TCWS #3
310:, mixed
285:34–47 kn
272:TCWS #2
189:TCWS #1
124:province
85:Filipino
2498:Rappler
2210:YouTube
2191:YouTube
2151:YouTube
2077:Rappler
1947:Rappler
1833:Rappler
898:typhoon
888:by the
802:in the
800:warning
786:History
779:vessels
540:damage.
522:≥100 kn
466:damage.
318:damage.
308:masonry
112:hazards
81:signals
55:due to
1799:Kidlat
1797:PAGASA
1788:PAGASA
1752:PAGASA
1310:winds
1052:winds
880:After
859:PAGASA
849:, the
835:Manila
831:Jesuit
691:
687:
683:
679:
663:
659:
339:stages
312:timber
250:banana
243:bamboo
218:25–38
208:22–33
203:39–61
158:PAGASA
91:) are
2372:(PDF)
2361:(PDF)
2332:(PDF)
2325:(PDF)
2267:(PDF)
2242:(PDF)
2235:(PDF)
1918:(PDF)
1883:(PDF)
1872:(PDF)
1611:Notes
1142:rains
839:royal
734:table
730:winds
677:(2:00
485:glass
483:Some
478:steel
409:posts
324:Some
248:Some
239:frame
152:Note:
108:winds
49:Luzon
2510:2022
2479:2022
2443:2022
2406:2013
2380:2024
2340:2024
2308:2024
2275:2024
2250:2024
2218:2022
2160:2022
2125:2022
2089:2022
2047:2022
2004:2022
1960:2019
1891:2024
1846:2022
1723:2022
1148:and
1138:Wind
829:, a
745:and
639:city
476:and
415:and
407:and
316:roof
254:Rice
236:wood
205:km/h
128:city
73:TCWS
67:The
61:PhST
18:TCWS
667:PHT
645:or
304:CHB
220:mph
215:m/s
201:6–7
126:or
79:or
2526::
2496:.
2463:.
2451:^
2427:.
2414:^
2367:.
2363:.
2348:^
2298:.
2292:.
2208:.
2189:.
2168:^
2148:.
2133:^
2111:.
2097:^
2075:.
2055:^
2033:.
2012:^
1990:.
1986:.
1968:^
1944:.
1926:^
1899:^
1874:.
1854:^
1830:.
1818:^
1794:.
1790:.
1775:^
1754:.
1741:^
1711:.
1692:^
1144:,
972:.
861:.
669:).
241:,
210:kn
114:.
87::
83:;
51:,
2512:.
2481:.
2445:.
2408:.
2382:.
2342:.
2310:.
2277:.
2252:.
2220:.
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2127:.
2091:.
2049:.
2006:.
1962:.
1893:.
1848:.
1812:.
1769:.
1736:.
1725:.
641:/
419:.
332:.
306:/
160:.
130:/
71:(
38:.
20:)
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