340:, 56.8% of the respondents who took both the older and the revised versions of the TOEIC test in Japan find the latter version more difficult. The lower the score the test taker achieves, the more marked this tendency becomes. As many as 85.6% of those who earned scores ranging from 0 to 395 points find the revised TOEIC test more difficult, while 69.9% of those who earned 400 to 495 points think this way, as do 59.3% of those who earned 500 to 595 points. Among those who achieved 600 to 695 points, 58.9% agreed with these findings; 48.6% of those who scored 700 to 795 points agreed; 47.9% of those who scored 800 to 895 points agreed; and 39.8% of those who scored 900 to 990 points agreed.
440:
cohesion, relevance of content, and completeness of content; while the
Writing test assesses grammar, relevance of sentences to the pictures, quality and variety of sentences, vocabulary, organization, and whether the opinion is supported with reason and/or examples. The tests are designed to reflect actual English usage in the workplace, though they do not require any knowledge of specialized business terms. The TOEIC Speaking Test takes approximately 20 minutes to complete; the TOEIC Writing Test lasts approximately 60 minutes. Each test has a score range between 0–200, with test takers grouped into eight proficiency levels for Speaking and nine proficiency levels for Writing.
93:
pronunciation, intonation and stress, vocabulary, grammar, cohesion, relevance of content, and completeness of content. The TOEIC Writing test is composed of tasks that assess grammar, relevance of sentences to the pictures, quality and variety of sentences, vocabulary, organization, and whether opinions are supported with reason and/or examples. Both the
Speaking and Writing assessments use a score scale of 0–200.
25:
817:
exposed systematic cheating and fraud by a number of organizations and individuals involved in running the test. Cheating was found to take place at Eden
College International in London, where freelance invigilators used to conduct the exam. The college claimed no prior knowledge of the cheating, and
713:
scores as part of the admission process. However, many universities in Korea still require a minimum score of 900. Thus, many universities in Korea require TOEIC scores for graduation or selection of overseas trainees. This is apparently to discourage private
English education (there are many private
658:
The article also questioned the relationship between the IIBC and its for-profit partner
International Communications School with which it shared office space. International Communications School is responsible for selling the TOEIC Institutional Program Test given by companies and schools; publishes
654:
published a two-part series examining the TOEIC's origins and early history as well as the use of test-taker fees by the IIBC on the internet. The August 18 article examined the questionable uses of test fees, including a fivefold increase in utility expenses in one year, 13 million spent annually on
640:
accused the IIBC's 92-year-old chairman Yaeji
Watanabe of nepotism when he appointed his girlfriend's son to the position of chairman of the IIBC board of directors. To force the appointment, half of the volunteers serving on the board were driven out by Watanabe. The magazine article also questioned
227:
The TOEIC Listening & Reading Test lasts two hours; 45 minutes for
Listening, and 75 minutes for Reading. It consists of 200 multiple-choice items evenly divided between the listening and reading comprehension section. Each question is worth five points. Each candidate receives independent scores
850:
Both the TOEIC Listening & Reading and the TOEIC Speaking & Writing tests are now available in the United States. While the TOEIC Listening & Reading test has been available for decades, the TOEIC Speaking & Writing test was introduced in the United States only in 2009. Registration
644:
In his defense, Watanabe claimed that he held a ceremonial title and was chairman in name only. As a result, Watanabe claimed that he had little to do with the decision to appoint his girlfriend's son to the position. The magazine article concluded by asking why someone who is chairman in name only
756:
introduced
English Graduation Benchmark Policy (EGB), enforcing universities in Taiwan to set English requirements for undergraduates. TOEIC benefited from this policy and its lower registration fees, and became a popular test for English proficiency in Taiwan. TOEIC has also became a widespread
708:
Toward the end of 2005, there was a shift in South Korea, regarded as the second biggest consumer of the TOEIC per capita. However, a person's TOEIC score is still a major factor in hiring people for most professional jobs in South Korea. Starting in 2011, Korean universities will no longer be
439:
The TOEIC Speaking & Writing Tests were introduced in 2006. Test takers receive separate scores for each of the two tests, or they can take the
Speaking test without taking the Writing test and vice versa. The Speaking test assesses pronunciation, intonation and stress, vocabulary, grammar,
92:
There are different forms of the exam: the TOEIC Listening & Reading Test consists of two equally graded tests of comprehension assessment activities totaling a possible 990 score; there are also the TOEIC Speaking and
Writing Tests. The TOEIC speaking test is composed of tasks that assess
665:
The IIBC lowered the price of the TOEIC Secure Program Test from 6,615 yen to 5,985 yen starting with the September 13, 2009 test. The price had to be lowered due to pressure from the Ministry of Trade, which instructed the IIBC to reduce the profits being generated by the test.
825:
In June 2014, the Home Office undertook its own investigation and claimed to have found 46,000 "invalid and questionable" tests. It suspended the TOEIC exam as being valid for entry to the UK. It also canceled the visas of around 45,000 students, seventy percent of whom were
352:
Scores on the TOEIC Listening and Reading test are determined by the number of correct answers. The number of correct responses on each section is multiplied by five and converted to a scaled score. Three TOEIC Listening and Reading scaled scores are given for each examinee:
659:
IIBC-approved TOEIC preparation textbooks; and administers the TOEIC Japanese language website. One of International Communications School's subsidiaries is E-Communications, which administers the TOEIC's online application system and provides online TOEIC study materials.
600:, in which an organization can choose the date and administer the test at its convenience in accordance with the TOEIC Steering Committee. The TOEIC SP Test was renewed in May 2006, followed by the TOEIC IP Test in April 2007 in line so that it would be with the SP Test.
517:
require a TOEIC score of at least 785 for a diploma. This policy has been criticized, as it makes state-awarded diplomas dependent on a private institution, despite the fact that it was not the private institution that set the 785 mark but a recommendation from the
704:
TOEIC is one of the most well-known and popular English tests in Korea, and many universities and companies require TOEIC scores for graduation or job applications. According to the Committee, more than 2 million people took the exam in 2013 alone in the country.
768:
The policy sparked controversies for various reasons. For the TOEIC, educators were concerned about undergraduates' economic burden from the TOEIC registration fee and the conflict of interest between universities and the company operating TOEIC.
485:
ETS also administers another version of the TOEIC test called the TOEIC Bridge. The TOEIC Bridge test targets beginning and intermediate learners and consists of 100 multiple-choice questions, requiring about one hour of testing time.
1804:
655:
research about adapting to Chinese culture, sponsorship of poetry readings by the Chinese Poetry Recitation Association, and membership fees to join the Beautiful Aging Association, for which Watanabe happened to be chairman.
821:
On 17 April 2014, ETS decided not to renew its license as a provider of a Secure English Language Test (SELT). This means that these English language tests are no longer honored for the purpose of being issued a UK visa.
1750:
228:
for listening and reading comprehension on a scale from 0 to 495 points. The total score adds up to a scale from 0 to 990 points. The TOEIC certificate exists in five colors, corresponding to the results achieved:
833:
In March 2016, a tribunal ruled that the evidence the Home Office used to deport the students was not strong enough. As of April 2019, over 300 legal appeals against the government were pending, and the
367:
Each sub-score can range from 0 to 495 points. The Total Score ranges from 0 to 990. There is no negative scoring. The Total Score consists of the sum of the Listening Section and Reading Section sub-scores.
343:
2006 also saw the addition of TOEIC Speaking & Writing tests. In 2007 there were additional changes to the TOEIC Reading & Listening test that decreased emphasis on knowledge of grammatical rules.
318:
Part 7 contains not only single-passage questions, but also double- and triple-passage questions wherein the test taker reads and compares two or three related passages, such as an e-mail correspondence.
315:
Part 6 no longer contains an error-spotting task, criticized as unrealistic in a corporate environment, instead adopting the use of a task wherein the test taker fills in blanks in incomplete sentences.
669:
In July 2010, the Tokyo Tax Bureau announced that International Communications School, IIBC's for-profit partner, hid 100 million yen in income and had to pay 30 million yen in back taxes and fines.
132:
528:. Students who fail to achieve a 785 score may validate their diplomas by other means in most schools. Some institutions delay awarding diplomas for one year after the end of studies in such cases.
584:, in which one can take the test individually or in a group on specified dates at a test center specified by the TOEIC Steering Committee. The other is the TOEIC Institutional Program (IP) Test
1934:
2332:
1929:
539:, the organization responsible for hiring new employees to work for the government. It is administered by the Hellenic American Union and offered weekly in most major cities in Greece.
1795:
174:(WEIS), thus enabling Kitaoka to collaborate with ETS. WEIS later established a committee to developed TOEIC. The first TOEIC test was launched in 1979 and taken by 3,000 individuals.
525:
1909:
1741:
376:
In 2016, a new version of the TOEIC test was released in Japan and South Korea, including new types of questions. The updated TOEIC test became available worldwide in 2018.
2438:
565:
administers the TOEIC test in Japan, where nearly 2.4 million people (as of 2014) take the test; 1.3M for institutional program (IP) and 1.1M for secure program (SP).
633:
The Institute for International Business Communication (IIBC), the non-profit organization that administers the TOEIC in Japan, was the subject of a scandal in 2009.
2146:
662:
In 2009, Watanabe suddenly resigned from the IIBC, leaving his girlfriend's son in charge of the non-profit. Watanabe received a 25 million yen retirement payment.
2187:
1966:
1961:
1773:
536:
2104:
312:, and uses an equal distribution of the dialects. However, all the voice actors for the audio sections have lived in the United States for an extended period.
2218:
2141:
1971:
158:
89:
proficiency for non-native speakers. It is intentionally designed to measure the everyday English skills of people working in an international environment.
1715:
431:
Despite these changes, the update to the test came with no change to score scale, test difficulty, number of items, or test length, according to ETS.
2099:
2006:
1881:
2083:
520:
2353:
864:
835:
818:
had previously sacked three invigilators. ETS stated it does not hire the invigilators and that it does everything it can to prevent cheating.
777:
2156:
1110:
2316:
2228:
2052:
2011:
1827:
788:
The Center for Professional Assessment offers regular institutional testing every Monday through Saturday at 9:00AM and 1:00PM (local time).
207:
131:(ETS), but the organization rejected him since they preferred to collaborate with nonprofit organizations. He also failed to convince the
2151:
1689:
35:
2417:
2254:
2249:
1890:
1230:
964:
1991:
60:
2161:
1956:
691:), administered TOEIC tests in Korea from 1982 to 2006. Its role as administrator was transferred to the Korea TOEIC Committee (
2385:
2031:
2208:
1919:
838:
had opened an investigation into the government's handling of the issue, which some Members of Parliament had likened to the
753:
735:
625:. The TOEIC Speaking Test/Writing Test started on January 21, 2007, in addition to the TOEIC SP Test and the TOEIC IP Test.
2311:
2295:
2274:
2166:
2057:
1128:
726:), has been created as an alternative to TOEIC tests. However, it is considered unlikely to replace the status of TOEIC.
2290:
1949:
1904:
1874:
773:
286:
A new version of the TOEIC Listening & Reading test was released in 2006. The changes can be summarized as follows:
645:
and works only one day a week should receive an annual salary in excess of 25 million yen (approximately US$ 300,000).
2026:
128:
1445:
1200:
2401:
2223:
1996:
851:
for the TOEIC Speaking & Writing test is handled by the English4Success division of the nonprofit organization
925:
388:
Number of photograph and question response questions decreased, number of conversation questions increased instead
1333:
719:
397:
Colloquial phases (e.g., "gonna") and incomplete sentences/fragments (e.g., "Yes, in a minute") in conversations
1939:
801:
1282:
1867:
2001:
309:
211:
1585:
2213:
1981:
1924:
1664:
1914:
1025:
813:
305:
1313:
1096:
1395:
1318:
363:οne Total Score that consists of the sum of the Listening Section and Reading Section sub-scores.
322:
According to a survey conducted in 2006 by the Institute for International Business Communication
301:
124:
staff member who noticed a lack of English communication ability among the Japanese population.
1075:
1492:
1478:"我國大學英語畢業門檻政策之檢討 (A critical review of universities' English benchmark policy for graduation)"
1450:
1354:
688:
513:
82:
177:
In 1986, a newly created organization, the Institute for International Business Communication
1693:
1477:
1426:
839:
762:
278:
TOEIC test certificates are optional, unofficial documents that are meant for display only.
86:
1433:– via 臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 (National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan).
1240:
974:
603:
More and more companies use TOEIC scores for personnel assessment instead of the homegrown
2047:
1796:"Theresa May faces parliamentary investigation over flimsy basis for student deportations"
1533:
1514:
1235:
969:
692:
678:
650:
297:
118:
1375:
2264:
1000:
2432:
195:(IIBC), took over the administration of the TOEIC from WEIS. In 2006, ETS released a
780:
ordered the policy to be discarded, while the NCCU abolished the policy in January.
427:
Text messages, instant messages, or online chat conversations with multiple speakers
2269:
1986:
1590:
1559:
1554:
1150:
568:
There are two ways to take the TOEIC test properly. One is called the TOEIC SP Test
1390:
2369:
797:
723:
1050:
2125:
1944:
1136:
758:
604:
136:
1859:
1496:
1294:
776:(NCCU) student sued NCCU to challenge the EGB policy. In September 2018, the
2021:
1716:"Changes to English language certification for visa applications – GOV.UK"
1455:
1283:
http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/national/news/20100720p2a00m0na011000c.html
164:
Kitaoka and Watanabe later established World Economic Information Services
1637:
852:
1612:
1430:
202:
ETS's major competitors are Cambridge University, which administers the
2062:
618:
Nihon Eigo Kentei Kyōkai Shusai Jitsuyō Eigo Ginō Kentei Shiken "Eiken"
1416:
687:), a subsidiary of the language education company YBM Sisa (currently
2348:
2259:
1423:
English Majors’ Perception of the English Graduation Benchmark Policy
869:
743:
648:
In August 2009, the online version of the English-language newspaper
532:
508:
424:
New question type to test the understanding of three related passages
1586:"Students protest language aptitude test requirement - Taipei Times"
765:, used the TOEIC score to advocate English as an official language.
607:
test organized by the Society for Testing English Proficiency (STEP)
1175:
499:
The TOEIC Bridge was used in Chile as part of the 2010 SIMCE test.
406:
Understanding the implied meaning of speakers within a conversation
2192:
2120:
2078:
1976:
887:
875:
827:
710:
203:
34:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
1263:"The TOEIC in Japan: A scandal made in heaven by James McCrostie"
1262:
2182:
881:
757:
measurement of Taiwanese People's English ability. For example,
715:
1863:
636:
In May and June 2009, articles in the Japanese weekly magazine
101:
The basic idea of the TOEIC test was conceived by Yasuo Kitaoka
2233:
808:
421:
Addition of long text completion (fill-in-the-blank) questions
403:
Identifying information using a graphic (a table, graph, etc.)
133:
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
18:
908:
473:
alternate response formats, e.g. computer for writing section
293:
Part 1 has fewer questions involving photograph descriptions.
1828:"Home Office investigated over English test cheating claims"
1854:
1355:"English tests out as part of university admission process"
641:
why Watanabe only showed up for work about one day a week.
1774:"48,000 students wrongly deported from the U.K.: tribunal"
1742:"Theresa May has wrongly deported 'up to 50,000 students'"
677:
Historically, the International Communication Foundation (
830:. Some left voluntarily, but the majority were deported.
418:
Number of incomplete sentence filling questions decreased
1638:"Student visa system fraud exposed in BBC investigation"
139:. Instead, Kitaoka found his close friend Yaeji Watanabe
42:
1111:"TOEIC® Listening and Reading Test to Receive Updates"
547:
The Institute for International Business Communication
448:
Below are the types of accommodations commonly given:
394:
Shorter turns and more exchanges in some conversations
752:) administers the TOEIC test in Taiwan. In 2003, the
296:
The Listening Section hires speakers of English from
526:
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
470:
alternate test formats, e.g. Braille, enlarged print
2410:
2394:
2378:
2362:
2341:
2325:
2304:
2283:
2242:
2201:
2175:
2134:
2113:
2092:
2071:
2040:
1897:
1794:
1740:
1151:"TOEIC Speaking and Writing Test: About the Tests"
718:, another English proficiency test (developed by
558:Zaidanhōjin Kokusai Bijinesu Komyunikēshon Kyōkai
379:Some of the changes to the test are as follows:
333:Zaidanhōjin Kokusai Bijinesu Komyunikēshon Kyōkai
188:Zaidanhōjin Kokusai Bijinesu Komyunikēshon Kyōkai
196:
878:, International English Language Testing System
872:, General Tests of English Language Proficiency
616:
593:
577:
556:
331:
186:
148:
110:
75:Test of English for International Communication
1690:"TOEIC® Testing for Visa Purposes in the U.K."
995:
993:
991:
714:institutions that teach TOEIC-based classes).
610:
587:
571:
550:
325:
180:
167:
142:
104:
45:to make improvements to the overall structure.
1875:
1611:Thai Cooperate in Academic Programs (TCiAP).
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
800:-accredited test for students applying for a
8:
807:In 2014, an undercover investigation by the
696:
682:
214:, which administers the GESE and ISE exams.
159:Ministry of International Trade and Industry
1508:
1506:
1882:
1868:
1860:
1579:
1577:
1549:
1547:
1410:
1408:
1406:
61:Learn how and when to remove this message
1454:(in Traditional Chinese). Archived from
1201:"TOEIC Program Data & Analysis 2014"
920:
918:
391:3 or more speakers in some conversations
2439:Standardized tests for English language
1665:"Testing times for Toeic? – EL Gazette"
1584:Rachel, Lin; Jake, Chung (2018-09-08).
900:
890:, Test of English as a Foreign Language
865:English language learning and teaching
127:He proposed the idea to the US-based
7:
1563:(in Traditional Chinese). 2018-09-07
701:), another YBM subsidiary, in 2006.
1476:何, 萬順; 周, 祝瑛; 蘇, 紹雯; 蔣, 侃學; 陳, 郁萱.
1391:"토종 영어시험 '텝스' 응시인원 5년새 반토막…수익성도 악화"
1129:"ETSは、TOEIC®テストの出題形式を2016年5月に変更します"
1905:Cambridge Assessment English exams
1376:"Korea TOEIC Committee Newsletter"
1334:"donga.com[English donga]"
223:TOEIC Listening & Reading Test
14:
1772:Menon, Parvathi (29 March 2016).
1485:教育政策論壇 (Educational Policy Forum)
1231:"TOEIC: Where does the money go?"
932:(in Japanese). IIBC. October 2021
521:Commission des titres d'ingénieur
435:TOEIC Speaking & Writing Test
1826:Gentleman, Amelia (2019-04-27).
372:2016 updated TOEIC L&R tests
23:
1807:from the original on 2022-05-26
1753:from the original on 2022-05-26
1314:"울고 웃게 만든 '국민 어학시험' 토익, 불혹 맞았다"
1229:McCrostie, James (2009-08-18).
963:McCrostie, James (2009-08-11).
348:Test scores in redesigned TOEIC
16:International standardized test
1099:. The Korea Times. 2015-11-06.
1097:"TOEIC template to be changed"
1051:"IIBC｜一般財団法人国際ビジネスコミュニケーション協会"
748:
739:
697:
683:
524:indicating a B2+ level on the
157:, a retired official from the
1:
1783:– via www.thehindu.com.
884:, Test of English Proficiency
749:Zhōngxīn Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
357:οne for the Listening Section
290:Overall, passages are longer.
1135:. 2015-11-05. Archived from
778:Supreme Administrative Court
774:National Chengchi University
595:Dantai Tokubetsu Juken Seido
400:New question types include:
1555:"政大英檢畢業門檻確定違法 準律師拿到遲來的畢業證書"
617:
594:
578:
557:
535:, the TOEIC is accepted by
360:οne for the Reading Section
332:
282:2006 redesigned TOEIC tests
187:
149:
135:, who had already launched
129:Educational Testing Service
111:
2455:
1891:Language proficiency tests
1487:(in Traditional Chinese).
1415:Su, Yi-Hsun (2017-10-27).
573:Secure Program Test; 公開テスト
1617:Academic research outline
1540:(in Traditional Chinese).
1521:(in Traditional Chinese).
720:Seoul National University
709:allowed to use TOEIC and
611:
588:
572:
551:
326:
181:
168:
143:
105:
1301:(in Korean). 2022-12-02.
1005:一般財団法人 国際ビジネスコミュニケーション協会
930:一般財団法人 国際ビジネスコミュニケーション協会
909:"Official TOEIC website"
612:日本英語検定協会主催実用英語技能検定試験「英検」
464:recorder to mark answers
1446:"英語列第二官方語言？賴清德：先交教育部研議"
965:"TOEIC no turkey at 30"
2027:Trinity College London
1026:"Benchmark Your Score"
455:additional rest breaks
327:財団法人 国際ビジネスコミュニケーション協会
212:Trinity College London
81:) is an international
836:National Audit Office
754:Ministry of Education
552:財団法人国際ビジネスコミュニケーション協会
452:extended testing time
182:財団法人国際ビジネスコミュニケーション協会
1532:何, 萬順 (2018-01-23).
1513:何, 萬順 (2018-09-13).
1444:徐, 偉真 (2017-10-13).
1389:이, 미령 (2022-10-19).
1312:김, 나연 (2022-12-02).
926:"TOEIC Program 誕生秘話"
1613:"TOEIC in Thailand"
1007:(in Japanese). IIBC
734:Chun Shin Limited (
444:Test accommodations
218:Formats and content
199:of the TOEIC test.
43:editing the article
1644:. 10 February 2014
1396:Yonhap News Agency
1319:Kyunghyang Shinmun
1261:McCrostie, James.
761:, a member of the
161:, to support him.
2426:
2425:
2048:Goethe-Zertifikat
1803:. 23 March 2016.
1801:independent.co.uk
1749:. 29 March 2016.
1747:independent.co.uk
1451:United Daily News
1418:英語系學生對英語畢業門檻政策的觀點
481:TOEIC Bridge Test
476:wheelchair access
83:standardized test
71:
70:
63:
36:layout guidelines
2446:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1861:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1798:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1534:"政大為什麼廢除英語畢業門檻？"
1529:
1523:
1522:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1482:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1425:] (Thesis).
1412:
1401:
1400:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1285:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1239:. Archived from
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1205:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
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1515:"大學強迫你考英檢，合法嗎？"
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1458:on 13 Oct 2017
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1176:"TOEIC Bridge"
1167:
1142:
1139:on 2016-04-10.
1120:
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1088:
1076:"TOEIC SQUARE"
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169:財団法人世界経済情報サービス
150:Watanabe Yaeji
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112:Kitaoka Yasuo
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44:
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32:This article
30:
21:
20:
2411:Multilingual
2270:Kanji Kentei
2016:
1835:. Retrieved
1832:the Guardian
1831:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1800:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1746:
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1694:the original
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1668:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1641:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:
1606:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:Taipei Times
1589:
1565:. Retrieved
1560:Mirror Media
1558:
1537:
1527:
1518:
1488:
1484:
1471:
1460:. Retrieved
1456:the original
1449:
1439:
1431:11296/pu66db
1422:
1417:
1399:(in Korean).
1394:
1384:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1328:
1322:(in Korean).
1317:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1278:
1266:. Retrieved
1256:
1245:. Retrieved
1241:the original
1234:
1224:
1212:. Retrieved
1207:
1195:
1183:. Retrieved
1179:
1170:
1158:. Retrieved
1154:
1145:
1137:the original
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1020:
1009:. Retrieved
1004:
979:. Retrieved
975:the original
968:
934:. Retrieved
929:
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832:
824:
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579:Kōkai Tesuto
567:
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117:, a retired
100:
91:
78:
74:
72:
57:
51:October 2020
48:
33:
2370:Bergenstest
1491:(3): 1–30.
1214:18 February
1180:www.ets.org
1155:www.ets.org
1133:IIBC Global
1115:PR Newswire
798:Home Office
772:In 2016, a
724:Chosun Ilbo
695::
681::
673:South Korea
306:New Zealand
197:new version
2126:CELPE-Bras
2114:Portuguese
1837:2019-04-27
1720:www.gov.uk
1597:2023-08-13
1567:2023-08-13
1462:2023-08-13
1247:2023-08-30
1035:11 October
1011:2023-08-30
981:2023-08-30
936:2023-08-30
895:References
759:Rosalia Wu
698:한국TOEIC위원회
605:STEP Eiken
490:By country
467:headphones
383:Listening:
137:STEP Eiken
2363:Norwegian
2022:TrackTest
1497:1560-8298
1208:ETS Toeic
302:Australia
2433:Category
2379:Galician
2243:Japanese
1811:15 April
1805:Archived
1779:15 April
1757:15 April
1751:Archived
1725:15 April
1674:15 April
1642:BBC News
1185:15 April
1160:15 April
1060:15 April
859:See also
853:Amideast
814:Panorama
811:program
784:Thailand
740:忠欣股份有限公司
689:YBM Inc.
589:団体特別受験制度
413:Reading:
122:magazine
2342:Swedish
2305:Russian
2202:Chinese
2176:Italian
2093:Spanish
2063:TestDaF
1898:English
1299:국제교류진흥회
802:UK visa
736:Chinese
684:국제교류진흥회
629:Scandal
511:, some
298:Britain
97:History
2349:Swedex
2326:Polish
2284:Korean
2260:J-Test
2135:French
2041:German
1962:G-TELP
1910:CELPIP
1663:Matt.
1622:13 May
1495:
870:G-TELP
828:Indian
746::
744:pinyin
738::
730:Taiwan
693:Korean
679:Korean
638:FRIDAY
533:Greece
509:France
503:Europe
461:scribe
458:reader
272:
270:
263:
261:
254:
252:
245:
243:
236:
234:
210:, and
2395:Irish
2386:CELGA
2354:TISUS
2333:CEPFL
2317:TORFL
2296:TOPIK
2229:TOCFL
2193:PLIDA
2121:CAPLE
2079:CNaVT
2072:Dutch
2017:TOEIC
2012:TOEFL
1987:MTELP
1977:MELAB
1967:IELTS
1945:Eiken
1940:EFSET
1700:2 May
1648:2 May
1481:(PDF)
1421:[
1360:2 May
1339:2 May
1268:2 May
1210:. ETS
1204:(PDF)
1081:2 May
1031:. ETS
1029:(PDF)
888:TOEFL
876:IELTS
711:TOEFL
543:Japan
495:Chile
204:IELTS
144:渡辺弥栄司
79:TOEIC
2418:TELC
2312:RLPT
2291:KLAT
2255:JLPT
2250:BJPT
2219:LPAT
2188:CILS
2183:CELI
2147:DELF
2142:DALF
2105:DELE
2100:CELU
2032:YLTE
2007:TEPS
1997:PETS
1992:MUET
1972:LPAT
1957:GEPT
1935:ECPE
1930:ECCE
1813:2018
1781:2018
1759:2018
1727:2018
1702:2015
1676:2018
1650:2015
1624:2015
1538:獨立評論
1519:獨立評論
1493:ISSN
1362:2015
1341:2015
1295:"연혁"
1270:2015
1216:2016
1187:2018
1162:2018
1083:2015
1062:2018
1037:2017
1001:"沿革"
882:TEPS
716:TEPS
537:ASEP
308:and
120:Time
106:北岡靖男
73:The
2402:TEG
2275:NNS
2234:ZHC
2224:PSC
2214:HSK
2209:CRE
2167:TNF
2162:TFI
2157:TEF
2152:TCF
2084:NT2
2058:NTD
2053:KMK
2002:PTE
1982:MET
1950:EPT
1925:DET
1920:CRE
1915:CET
1427:hdl
809:BBC
531:In
507:In
208:CPE
85:of
2435::
1830:.
1799:.
1745:.
1718:.
1667:.
1640:.
1615:.
1588:.
1576:^
1557:.
1546:^
1536:.
1517:.
1505:^
1489:16
1483:.
1448:.
1405:^
1393:.
1316:.
1297:.
1233:.
1206:.
1178:.
1153:.
1131:.
1113:.
1053:.
1003:.
990:^
967:.
945:^
928:.
917:^
855:.
842:.
804:.
742:;
722:,
615:,
592:,
576:,
555:,
330:,
304:,
300:,
185:,
147:,
109:,
1883:e
1876:t
1869:v
1840:.
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1761:.
1729:.
1704:.
1678:.
1652:.
1626:.
1600:.
1570:.
1499:.
1465:.
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1378:.
1364:.
1343:.
1272:.
1250:.
1218:.
1189:.
1164:.
1085:.
1064:.
1039:.
1014:.
984:.
939:.
911:.
622:)
609:(
598:)
586:(
582:)
570:(
562:)
549:(
337:)
324:(
192:)
179:(
172:)
166:(
154:)
141:(
115:)
103:(
77:(
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58:(
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49:(
39:.
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