Volatile organic compound

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pharmaceutical products. The VOC Solvents Emissions Directive requires installations in which such activities are applied to comply either with the emission limit values set out in the Directive or with the requirements of the so-called reduction scheme. Article 13 of The Paints Directive, approved in 2004, amended the original VOC Solvents Emissions Directive and limits the use of organic solvents in decorative paints and varnishes and in vehicle finishing products. The Paints Directive sets out maximum VOC content limit values for paints and varnishes in certain applications. The Solvents Emissions Directive was replaced by the

1657:. Reference gas mixtures are required for quality control of these VOC measurements. Furthermore, VOC emitting products used indoors, e.g. building products and furniture, are investigated in emission test chambers under controlled climatic conditions. For quality control of these measurements round robin tests are carried out, therefore reproducibly emitting reference materials are ideally required. Other methods have used proprietary Silcosteel-coated canisters with constant flow inlets to collect samples over several days. These methods are not limited by the adsorbing properties of materials like Tenax. 463: 252: 6687: 1402: 1458: 6649: 187: 1844:(MTBE) were found in samples of human milk and increase the concentrations of VOCs that we are exposed to throughout the day. A study notes the difference between VOCs in alveolar breath and inspired air suggesting that VOCs are ingested, metabolized, and excreted via the extra-pulmonary pathway. VOCs are also ingested by drinking water in varying concentrations. Some VOC concentrations were over the 6697: 1414: 6678: 6670: 6662: 1900:, and others. These regulations have prompted several companies in the paint and adhesive industries to adapt with VOC level reductions their products. VOC labels and certification programs may not properly assess all of the VOCs emitted from the product, including some chemical compounds that may be relevant for indoor air quality. Each ounce of 1957:. Those who perform floor and other surface cleaning tasks (e.g., floor waxing) and who use quaternary ammonium, alcohol, and chlorine-based products are associated with a higher VOC exposure than the two previous groups, that is, they are particularly linked to exposure to acetone, chloroform, α-pinene, 2-propanol or d-limonene. 1563:(up to ten times higher) than outdoors due to the many sources. VOCs are emitted by thousands of indoor products. Examples include: paints, varnishes, waxes and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning and personal care products, pesticides, building materials and furnishings, office equipment such as copiers and printers, 1880:: a key protein in dermal regulation. this was confirmed by immunofluorescence to confirm protein loss and western blotting to confirm mRNA loss. These experiments were done on human skin samples. Toluene exposure also decreased the water in the trans-epidermal layer allowing for vulnerability in the skin's layers. 1824:

and respiratory tract irritation, headaches, dizziness, visual disorders, and memory impairment are among the immediate symptoms that some people have experienced soon after exposure to some organics. At present, not much is known about what health effects occur from the levels of organics usually found in homes.

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Hoerger, C. C.; Claude, A., Plass-Duelmer, C., Reimann, S., Eckart, E., Steinbrecher, R., Aalto, J., Arduini, J., Bonnaire, N., Cape, J. N., Colomb, A., Connolly, R., Diskova, J., Dumitrean, P., Ehlers, C., Gros, V., Hakola, H., Hill, M., Hopkins, J. R., Jäger, J., Junek, R., Kajos, M. K., Klemp, D.,

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There are strong seasonal variations in indoors VOC emissions, with emission rates increasing in summer. This is largely due to the rate of diffusion of VOC species through materials to the surface, increasing with temperature. This leads to generally higher concentrations of TVOCs indoors in summer.

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VOCs are also found in hospital and health care environments. In these settings, these chemicals are widely used for cleaning, disinfection, and hygiene of the different areas. Thus, health professionals such as nurses, doctors, sanitation staff, etc., may present with adverse health effects such as

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The ability of organic chemicals to cause health effects varies greatly from those that are highly toxic to those with no known health effects. As with other pollutants, the extent and nature of the health effect will depend on many factors including level of exposure and length of time exposed. Eye

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pollutants, VOC photochemistry recycles hydroxyl radicals to create a sustainable biosphere–atmosphere balance. Due to recent climate change developments, such as warming and greater UV radiation, BVOC emissions from plants are generally predicted to increase, thus upsetting the biosphere–atmosphere

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indoors because of the abundant new materials (building materials, fittings, surface coverings and treatments such as glues, paints and sealants) exposed to the indoor air, emitting multiple VOC gases. This off-gassing has a multi-exponential decay trend that is discernible over at least two years,

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defines a VOC as those compounds that have "originated from automobiles, industrial production and civilian use, burning of all types of fuels, storage and transportation of oils, fitment finish, coating for furniture and machines, cooking oil fume and fine particles (PM 2.5)", and similar sources.

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Emissions Directive was the main policy instrument for the reduction of industrial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the European Union. It covers a wide range of solvent-using activities, e.g. printing, surface cleaning, vehicle coating, dry cleaning and manufacture of footwear and

5152:

Sulzer, Philipp; Hartungen, Eugen; Hanel, Gernot; Feil, Stefan; Winkler, Klaus; Mutschlechner, Paul; Haidacher, Stefan; Schottkowsky, Ralf; Gunsch, Daniel; Seehauser, Hans; Striednig, Marcus; Jürschik, Simone; Breiev, Kostiantyn; Lanza, Matteo; Herbig, Jens; Märk, Lukas; Märk, Tilmann D.; Jordan,

2090:. One study has shown that "volatile organic compounds ... are mainly blood borne and therefore enable monitoring of different processes in the body." And it appears that VOC compounds in the body "may be either produced by metabolic processes or inhaled/absorbed from exogenous sources" such as 2778:

Kwak, Seon-Yeong; Wong, Min Hao; Lew, Tedrick Thomas Salim; Bisker, Gili; Lee, Michael A.; Kaplan, Amir; Dong, Juyao; Liu, Albert Tianxiang; Koman, Volodymyr B.; Sinclair, Rosalie; Hamann, Catherine; and Strano, Michael S. (2017-06-12). "Nanosensor Technology Applied to Living Plant Systems".

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have been rarely a subject of study, even though the elderly and vulnerable populations may spend considerable time in these indoor settings where they might be exposed to VOCs, derived from the common use of cleaning agents, sprays and fresheners. In one study, more than 200 chemicals were

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Following a public hearing in September 1995, California's ARB uses the term "reactive organic gases" (ROG) to measure organic gases. The CARB revised the definition of "Volatile Organic Compounds" used in their consumer products regulations, based on the committee's findings.

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and organic compounds, peroxyacyl nitrates and many organic compounds. Furthermore, collection of VOCs by condensation in cold traps also accumulates a large amount of water, which generally must be removed selectively, depending on the analytical techniques to be employed.

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are the main compounds in the interior of the site. Following the same line, in a study conducted in the United States, it was established that nursing assistants are the most exposed to compounds such as ethanol, while medical equipment preparers are most exposed to

5309:

Leuchner, M., Lewis, A. C., Locoge, N., Maione, M., Martin, D., Michl, K., Nemitz, E., O'Doherty, S., Pérez Ballesta, P., Ruuskanen, T. M., Sauvage, S., Schmidbauer, N., Spain, T. G., Straube, E., Vana, M., Vollmer, M. K., Wegener, R., and Wenger, A. (2015).

205:(EPA) and state agencies in the US with independent outdoor air pollution regulations include exemptions for VOCs that are determined to be non-reactive, or of low-reactivity in the smog formation process. Prominent is the VOC regulation issued by the 1620:

treatment. Existing buildings may be replenished with new VOC sources, such as new furniture, consumer products, and redecoration of indoor surfaces, all of which lead to a continuous background emission of TVOCs, and requiring improved ventilation.

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properties. Furthermore, in another study carried out in the same European country, it was found that there is a significant association between breathlessness in the elderly population and elevated exposure to VOCs such as toluene and

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Lattuati-Derieux, Agnès; Bonnassies-Termes, Sylvette; Lavédrine, Bertrand (2004). "Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by a naturally aged book using solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry".

68:. VOCs play an important role in communication between animals and plants, e.g. attractants for pollinators, protection from predation, and even inter-plant interactions. Some VOCs are dangerous to human health or cause harm to the 2005:(SPME) techniques are used to collect VOCs at low concentrations for analysis. As applied to breath analysis, the following modalities are employed for sampling: gas sampling bags, syringes, evacuated steel and glass containers. 2828:

J. Lelieveld; T. M. Butler; J. N. Crowley; T. J. Dillon; H. Fischer; L. Ganzeveld; H. Harder; M. G. Lawrence; M. Martinez; D. Taraborrelli; J. Williams (2008). "Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical forest".

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classifies VOCs as organic compounds that have boiling points roughly in the range of 50 to 250 °C (122 to 482 °F). The emphasis is placed on commonly encountered VOCs that would have an effect on air quality.

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Some VOCs are emitted directly indoors, and some are formed through the subsequent chemical reactions. The total concentration of all VOCs (TVOC) indoors can be up to five times higher than that of outdoor levels.

6398: 1182: 251: 6623: 4989: 1571:, graphics and craft materials including glues and adhesives, permanent markers, and photographic solutions. Human activities such as cooking and cleaning can also emit VOCs. Cooking can release long-chain 1361: 1995:

Obtaining samples for analysis is challenging. VOCs, even when at dangerous levels, are dilute, so preconcentration is typically required. Many components of the atmosphere are mutually incompatible, e.g.

1733:, several standards exist; California Standard CDPH Section 01350 is the most common one. These regulations and standards changed the marketplace, leading to an increasing number of low-emitting products. 6618: 1944:

In relation to exposure to VOCs by cleaning and hygiene personnel, a study conducted in 4 hospitals in the United States established that sterilization and disinfection workers are linked to exposures to

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Belo, Joana; Carreiro-Martins, Pedro; Papoila, Ana L.; Palmeiro, Teresa; Caires, Iolanda; Alves, Marta; Nogueira, Susana; Aguiar, Fátima; Mendes, Ana; Cano, Manuela; Botelho, Maria A. (2019-10-15).

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that comprises each organic chemical compound that can be measured as follows: adsorption from air on Tenax TA, thermal desorption, gas chromatographic separation over a 100% nonpolar column (

395:, a subset of VOCs. Although intended for nearby organisms to detect and respond to, these volatiles can be detected and communicated through wireless electronic transmission, by embedding 4546:

Charlier, Bruno; Coglianese, Albino; De Rosa, Federica; De Caro, Francesco; Piazza, Ornella; Motta, Oriana; Borrelli, Anna; Capunzo, Mario; Filippelli, Amelia; Izzo, Viviana (2021-03-24).

4352:"Influence of short-term exposure to airborne Der p 1 and volatile organic compounds on skin barrier function and dermal blood flow in patients with atopic eczema and healthy individuals" 1904:

added to tint paint may contain between 5 and 20 grams of VOCs. A dark color, however, could require 5–15 ounces of colorant, adding up to 300 or more grams of VOCs per gallon of paint.

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Biasioli, Franco; Yeretzian, Chahan; Märk, Tilmann D.; Dewulf, Jeroen; Van Langenhove, Herman (2011). "Direct-injection mass spectrometry adds the time dimension to (B)VOC analysis".

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Bönisch, Ulrike; Böhme, Alexander; Kohajda, Tibor; Mögel, Iljana; Schütze, Nicole; von Bergen, Martin; Simon, Jan C.; Lehmann, Irina; Polte, Tobias (2012-07-03). Idzko, Marco (ed.).

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institutes are working on the lacking standard gas mixtures at trace level concentration, minimising adsorption processes, and improving the zero gas. The final scopes are for the

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Su, Feng-Chiao; Friesen, Melissa C; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B; Henneberger, Paul K; LeBouf, Ryan F; Stanton, Marcia L; Liang, Xiaoming; Humann, Michael; Virji, M Abbas (2018-08-13).

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Farag, Mohamed A.; Fokar, Mohamed; Abd, Haggag; Zhang, Huiming; Allen, Randy D.; Paré, Paul W. (2004). "(Z)-3-Hexenol induces defense genes and downstream metabolites in maize".

2014: 1709:(CAM Edilizia) have enacted regulations to limit VOC emissions from commercial products. European industry has developed numerous voluntary ecolabels and rating systems, such as 4668:

Bessonneau, Vincent; Mosqueron, Luc; Berrubé, Adèle; Mukensturm, Gaël; Buffet-Bataillon, Sylvie; Gangneux, Jean-Pierre; and Thomas, Olivier (2013-02-05). Levin, Jan-Olof (ed.).

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Baldwin, I. T.; Halitschke, R.; Paschold, A.; von Dahl, C. C.; Preston, C. A. (2006). "Volatile Signaling in Plant-Plant Interactions: "Talking Trees" in the Genomics Era".

228:, VOCs are regulated in pollutant discharges to surface waters (both directly and via sewage treatment plants) as hazardous waste, but not in non-industrial indoor air. The 2751:

Terra, W. C.; Campos, V. P.; Martins, S. J. (2018). "Volatile organic molecules from Fusarium oxysporum strain 21 with nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita".

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The Three-Year Action Plan for Winning the Blue Sky Defence War released by the State Council in July 2018 creates an action plan to reduce 2015 VOC emissions 10% by 2020.

3115: 3632:"ISO 16000-9:2006 Indoor air – Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from building products and furnishing – Emission test chamber method" 5360: 4455: 2138:

and the long-term stability of the standard gases to be in accordance with the data quality objectives (DQO, maximum uncertainty of 20% in this case) required by the

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identified, of which 41 have adverse health effects, 37 of them being VOCs. The health effects include skin sensitization, reproductive and organ-specific toxicity,

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Biomass combustion, especially from rain forests. Although combustion principally releases carbon dioxide and water, incomplete combustion affords a variety of VOCs.

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Virji, M Abbas; Liang, Xiaoming; Su, Feng-Chiao; Lebouf, Ryan F; Stefaniak, Aleksandr B; Stanton, Marcia L; Henneberger, Paul K; Houseman, E Andres (2019-10-28).

4311:"Toluene downregulates filaggrin expression via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription-dependent pathways" 1366: 402:

Emissions are affected by a variety of factors, such as temperature, which determines rates of volatilization and growth, and sunlight, which determines rates of

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in humans. Key signs or symptoms associated with exposure to VOCs include conjunctival irritation, nose and throat discomfort, headache, allergic skin reaction,

430:, is estimated to emit 3.4 million kg (7.5 million lb) of terpenes on a typical August day during the growing season. Maize produces the VOC 7999: 229: 163: 3556:

Holøs, S. B.; et al. (2019). "VOC emission rates in newly built and renovated buildings, and the influence of ventilation – a review and meta-analysis".

1687:. Compounds appearing earlier are called VVOC (very volatile organic compounds); compounds appearing later are called SVOC (semi-volatile organic compounds). 1611:

with the most volatile compounds decaying with a time-constant of a few days, and the least volatile compounds decaying with a time-constant of a few years.

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Niinemets, Ülo; Loreto, Francesco; Reichstein, Markus (2004). "Physiological and physicochemical controls on foliar volatile organic compound emissions".

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has prompted more studies. Several studies have been performed to measure the effects of dermal absorption of specific VOCs. Dermal exposure to VOCs like

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or with ozone to produce new oxidation products and secondary aerosols, which can cause sensory irritation symptoms. VOCs contribute to the formation of

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Concentration levels of individual VOCs such as halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons vary substantially between areas of the same hospital. Generally,

4855:"The impact of indoor air quality on respiratory health of older people living in nursing homes: spirometric and exhaled breath condensate assessments" 4670:"VOC Contamination in Hospital, from Stationary Sampling of a Large Panel of Compounds, in View of Healthcare Workers and Patients Exposure Assessment" 5153:

Alfons (2014). "A Proton Transfer Reaction-Quadrupole interface Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-QiTOF): High speed due to extreme sensitivity".

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Davies, Helen L.; O'Leary, Catherine; Dillon, Terry; Shaw, David R.; Shaw, Marvin; Mehra, Archit; Phillips, Gavin; Carslaw, Nicola (August 14, 2023).

7994: 7926: 1641:-cartridges (for carbonyl-compounds) or air detector. The VOCs adsorb on these materials and are afterwards desorbed either thermally (Tenax) or by 5047:"Recognition of pathogens in food matrixes based on the untargeted in vivo microbial metabolite profiling via a novel SPME/GC × GC-QTOFMS approach" 4499:"Corrigendum to: Peaks, Means, and Determinants of Real-Time TVOC Exposures Associated with Cleaning and Disinfecting Tasks in Healthcare Settings" 3656:

Heeley-Hill, Aiden C.; Grange, Stuart K.; Ward, Martyn W.; Lewis, Alastair C.; Owen, Neil; Jordan, Caroline; Hodgson, Gemma; Adamson, Greg (2021).

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is among the methods that have been used most extensively for the on-line analysis of biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs. PTR-MS instruments based on

128:, having at 293.15 K a vapour pressure of 0.01 kPa or more, or having a corresponding volatility under the particular conditions of use;". The VOC 6570: 5232:

Miekisch, W.; Schubert, J. K.; Noeldge-Schomburg, G. F. E. (2004). "Diagnostic potential of breath analysis—focus on volatile organic compounds".

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volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) encompass VOCs emitted by plants, animals, or microorganisms, and while extremely diverse, are most commonly

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Pichersky, Eran; Gershenzon, Jonathan (2002). "The formation and function of plant volatiles: Perfumes for pollinator attraction and defense".

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of these devices is between 7000 and 10,500 m/Δm, thus it is possible to separate most common isobaric VOCs and quantify them independently.

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Huss-Marp, J.; Eberlein-Konig, B.; Breuer, K.; Mair, S.; Ansel, A.; Darsow, U.; Kramer, U.; Mayer, E.; Ring, J.; Behrendt, H. (March 2006).

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Sindelarova, K.; Granier, C.; Bouarar, I.; Guenther, A.; Tilmes, S.; Stavrakou, T.; Müller, J.-F.; Kuhn, U.; Stefani, P.; Knorr, W. (2014).

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and 2-propanol, while those responsible for cleaning with chlorine-containing products are more likely to have higher levels of exposure to

7959: 7921: 5901: 5713: 625: 202: 1917:; however, further evaluation is required to determine the exact levels and determinants that influence the exposure to these compounds. 193:

provide an air pollution abatement option for VOCs from industrial air flows. A thermal oxidizer is an EPA-approved device to treat VOCs.

5866: 5759: 5429: 4153:"Measurement of volatile organic compounds and associated risk assessments through ingestion and dermal routes in Dongjiang Lake, China" 2436: 2217:"A Peripherally Located Air Recirculation Device Containing an Activated Carbon Filter Reduces VOC Levels in a Simulated Operating Room" 2195: 1849: 752: 672: 7782: 6631: 6608: 5787: 5447: 1346: 1260: 702: 7824: 7537: 7073: 6802: 6673: 6420: 6306: 5800: 5795: 4910:"Higher prevalence of breathlessness in elderly exposed to indoor aldehydes and VOCs in a representative sample of French dwellings" 3097: 2292: 1634: 1202: 1107: 4001: 3975: 2640: 410:

in particular. VOCs emitted by terrestrial forests are often oxidized by hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere; in the absence of NO

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J. Kesselmeier; M. Staudt (1999). "Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC): An Overview on Emission, Physiology and Ecology".

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Bentayeb, Malek; Billionnet, Cécile; Baiz, Nour; Derbez, Mickaël; Kirchner, Séverine; Annesi-Maesano, Isabella (October 2013).

1516:. Motivated by cost, environmental concerns, and regulation, the paint and coating industries are increasingly shifting toward 1465: 1437: 1147: 910: 492: 388: 159: 73: 4738:

LeBouf, Ryan F; Virji, M Abbas; Saito, Rena; Henneberger, Paul K; Simcox, Nancy; and Stefaniak, Aleksandr B (September 2014).

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Providing a sense of scale, a forest 62,000 square kilometres (24,000 sq mi) in area, the size of the U.S. state of

6732: 3413: 3132: 2609: 2454: 2071: 210: 134: 170:. While the document does not differentiate between VOCs and other air pollutants, the CPCB monitors "oxides of nitrogen (NO 4431: 2082:

The exhaled human breath contains a few thousand volatile organic compounds and is used in breath biopsy to serve as a VOC

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use and production, e.g. incompletely combusted fossil fuels or unintended evaporation of fuels. The most prevalent VOC is

8160: 7936: 7880: 7875: 7452: 6980: 6681: 6656: 5961: 4610:"Exposures to Volatile Organic Compounds among Healthcare Workers: Modeling the Effects of Cleaning Tasks and Product Use" 1382: 832: 146: 3934: 2102:, which utilize pattern recognition for detection of component volatile organics in complex mixtures such as breath gas. 7497: 7048: 6969: 6928: 6132: 5881: 5861: 5613: 920: 772: 747: 542: 217:

because many chemicals that are not regulated as outdoor air pollution can still be important for indoor air pollution.

5377: 3951: 7840: 7642: 7153: 7088: 7006: 6918: 6782: 6237: 5891: 5311:"ACTRIS non-methane hydrocarbon intercomparison experiment in Europe to support WMO GAW and EMEP observation networks" 3892:"Organic compounds in office environments – sensory irritation, odor, measurements and the role of reactive chemistry" 2343:

Kessler, André; Baldwin, Ian T. (2001). "Defensive Function of Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatile Emissions in Nature".

2091: 2002: 1746: 1031: 782: 2528: 8120: 7989: 7870: 7577: 7342: 7186: 6565: 6488: 5896: 5726: 5556: 2950:

Behr, Arno; Johnen, Leif (2009). "Myrcene as a Natural Base Chemical in Sustainable Chemistry: A Critical Review".

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KEY-VOCS: Metrology for VOC indicators in air pollution and climate change, a European Metrology Research Project.

4203:"Volatile Organic Compounds Dysregulate the Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes" 4151:

Cao, Fengmei; Qin, Pan; Lu, Shaoyong; He, Qi; Wu, Fengchang; Sun, Hongwen; Wang, Lei; Li, Linlin (December 2018).

3851:"Indoor residential chemical emissions as risk factors for respiratory and allergic effects in children: A review" 2118:, either in the form of cylinders or dynamic generation methods. However, for many VOCs, such as oxygenated VOCs, 8155: 8115: 7901: 7865: 7667: 7297: 7252: 7180: 7032: 6975: 6368: 6326: 6288: 5853: 2160: 2037: 2033: 1650: 1162: 1127: 1087: 740: 707: 5026: 3191:"A review of indoor Gaseous organic compounds and human chemical Exposure: Insights from Real-time measurements" 1673:). VOC (volatile organic compounds) are all compounds that appear in the gas chromatogram between and including 8089: 7911: 7607: 7207: 6986: 6877: 6862: 6363: 5886: 5827: 5738: 1157: 777: 712: 649: 76:

VOCs are regulated by law, especially indoors, where concentrations are the highest. Most VOCs are not acutely

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are required. For a number of VOCs gaseous reference standards are available from specialty gas suppliers or

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can be released when spices are prepared and/or cooked. Cleaning products contain a range of VOCs, including

8084: 8009: 7931: 7860: 7804: 7736: 7632: 7547: 7457: 7422: 6898: 6575: 6341: 5871: 5422: 4548:"Chemical risk in hospital settings: Overview on monitoring strategies and international regulatory aspects" 2143: 1876:

and formaldehyde worsen allergic inflammation in animal models. Toluene also increases the dysregulation of

1845: 1841: 1187: 1142: 762: 8150: 8074: 8036: 7916: 7627: 7058: 6534: 5924: 3319:

Harding-Smith, Ellen; Shaw, David R.; Shaw, Marvin; Dillon, Terry J.; Carslaw, Nicola (January 23, 2024).

1869: 1325: 812: 167: 54: 8094: 7772: 7731: 7447: 7118: 6938: 6504: 6336: 6212: 6120: 5810: 5703: 5503: 5354: 2099: 1726: 1568: 1501: 1295: 1137: 1003: 915: 612: 384: 89: 6665: 5402: 4351: 3658:"Frequency of use of household products containing VOCs and indoor atmospheric concentrations in homes" 5046: 2481: 7896: 7886: 7830: 7767: 7662: 7242: 7191: 6757: 6311: 5966: 5662: 5345: 5322: 5162: 4854: 4811: 4681: 4255: 4052: 3485: 3448: 3381: 3202: 3041: 2838: 2717: 2670: 2395: 2352: 2126:, no standards are available at the appropriate amount of fraction due to the chemical reactivity or 1762:

in infants or children are associated with man-made VOCs and other indoor or outdoor air pollutants.

1670: 1500:, and inks. Approximately 12 billion litres of paint are produced annually. Typical solvents include 837: 570: 392: 4988:

Ahmed, Waqar M.; Lawal, Oluwasola; Nijsen, Tamara M.; Goodacre, Royston; Fowler, Stephen J. (2017).

3437:"A Modelling Study of Indoor Air Chemistry: The Surface Interactions of Ozone and Hydrogen Peroxide" 3269:"A measurement and modelling investigation of the indoor air chemistry following cooking activities" 8125: 7762: 7752: 7726: 7512: 7174: 7083: 7053: 6953: 6923: 6817: 6777: 6378: 6316: 6283: 6222: 6154: 6019: 6014: 5992: 5566: 2506: 1974: 1751: 1172: 1117: 1082: 1008: 935: 885: 880: 865: 522: 379:

per year in the form of VOCs. The majority of VOCs are produced by plants, the main compound being

69: 232:(OSHA) regulates VOC exposure in the workplace. Volatile organic compounds that are classified as 213:(CARB). However, this specific use of the term VOCs can be misleading, especially when applied to 8145: 8025: 7969: 7906: 7683: 7562: 7557: 7347: 7158: 7143: 6725: 6691: 6652: 6585: 6560: 6555: 6373: 6250: 6044: 5916: 5680: 5551: 5478: 5415: 5082: 4890: 4835: 4799: 4387: 4224: 4180: 4152: 3583: 3516:"Volatile organic compounds in indoor environment and photocatalytic oxidation: State of the art" 3010: 2862: 2733: 2419: 2029: 1782: 1778: 1666: 1559:

Due to their numerous sources indoors, concentrations of VOCs indoors are consistently higher in

1554: 1406: 1167: 1043: 805: 587: 527: 497: 446: 233: 214: 198: 53:, which relates to the number of the sample's molecules in the surrounding air, a trait known as 5378:

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) web site of the Chemicals Control Branch of Environment Canada

4244:"Volatile Organic Compounds Enhance Allergic Airway Inflammation in an Experimental Mouse Model" 2659:"Global data set of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years" 2058:

techniques are frequently utilized for the rapid detection and accurate quantification of VOCs.

5269:"Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Exhaled Breath for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer" 3631: 3321:"Does green mean clean? Volatile organic emissions from regular versus green cleaning products" 8140: 7597: 7552: 7307: 7302: 7232: 7128: 6964: 6767: 6580: 6440: 6260: 6169: 6137: 6054: 6007: 5934: 5906: 5675: 5670: 5468: 5290: 5249: 5214: 5132: 5074: 5066: 5009: 4967: 4931: 4882: 4874: 4827: 4777: 4759: 4717: 4699: 4647: 4629: 4585: 4567: 4528: 4520: 4449: 4379: 4371: 4332: 4291: 4273: 4172: 4133: 4115: 4076: 4068: 3913: 3872: 3687: 3679: 3535: 3405: 3397: 3350: 3342: 3298: 3290: 3220: 3171: 3128: 3093: 3059: 3002: 2967: 2932: 2897: 2854: 2810: 2802: 2411: 2368: 2325: 2288: 2254: 2236: 2180: 2165: 2055: 2048: 1789: 1055: 978: 971: 925: 792: 582: 577: 487: 261: 6710: 2070:

of 20 pptv after 100 ms and 750 ppqv after 1 min. measurement (signal integration) time. The

1710: 8135: 8064: 7819: 7814: 7397: 7103: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6908: 6686: 6524: 6425: 6383: 6351: 6245: 6199: 6159: 6066: 6034: 6002: 5987: 5971: 5946: 5731: 5685: 5340: 5330: 5280: 5241: 5204: 5170: 5109: 5058: 5001: 4959: 4921: 4866: 4819: 4767: 4751: 4707: 4689: 4637: 4621: 4575: 4559: 4510: 4363: 4322: 4281: 4263: 4214: 4164: 4123: 4107: 4060: 3903: 3862: 3669: 3573: 3565: 3527: 3515: 3493: 3456: 3389: 3332: 3280: 3210: 3161: 3120: 3085: 3049: 2994: 2959: 2924: 2889: 2846: 2794: 2760: 2725: 2688: 2678: 2403: 2360: 2317: 2280: 2244: 2228: 2175: 1596: 1564: 1517: 1401: 1315: 1212: 1152: 1038: 991: 940: 900: 875: 860: 842: 817: 757: 642: 592: 431: 190: 46: 38: 4609: 4469: 3080:

Reimann, Stefan; Lewis, Alastair C. (2007). "Anthropogenic VOCs". In Koppmann, Ralf (ed.).

2560: 8059: 8031: 7673: 7587: 7582: 7527: 7517: 7507: 7437: 7377: 7292: 7277: 7098: 7093: 7068: 7063: 6933: 6857: 6388: 6298: 6264: 6149: 6103: 6029: 5956: 5876: 5779: 5721: 5576: 5033: 3938: 3435:

Carter, Toby J.; Poppendieck, Dustin G.; Shaw, David; Carslaw, Nicola (January 16, 2023).

2693: 2591: 2573: 2443: 2185: 2095: 2067: 1966: 1759: 1100: 1060: 930: 895: 827: 767: 695: 632: 532: 4798:

Reddy, Manasa; Heidarinejad, Mohammad; Stephens, Brent; Rubinstein, Israel (April 2021).

2798: 260:, a common biogenic VOC, is emitted into the atmosphere primarily by trees which grow in 5326: 5166: 4815: 4685: 4547: 4309:

Lee, Hana; Shin, Jung Jin; Bae, Hyun Cheol; Ryu, Woo-In; Son, Sang Wook (January 2017).

4259: 4056: 3489: 3452: 3385: 3206: 3045: 2842: 2721: 2674: 2399: 2356: 7809: 7706: 7482: 7462: 7427: 7362: 7282: 7123: 7113: 7022: 6872: 6842: 6797: 6792: 6701: 6435: 6321: 6278: 6272: 6268: 6113: 6098: 6049: 6039: 5951: 5805: 5561: 5532: 4772: 4739: 4712: 4669: 4642: 4580: 4286: 4243: 2249: 2216: 2155: 1817: 1774: 1418: 1222: 1122: 1077: 1070: 1065: 822: 517: 383:. Small amounts of VOCs are produced by animals and microbes. Many VOCs are considered 225: 121: 42: 4128: 4095: 3497: 2321: 2025:

cannot be sampled, however, on the same sample matrix using the NIOSH or OSHA method.

1457: 8130: 8109: 7891: 7742: 7637: 7602: 7372: 7367: 7322: 7317: 7163: 7138: 7133: 7108: 7078: 6948: 6847: 6827: 6807: 6718: 6455: 6356: 6142: 6071: 5843: 5591: 5455: 5086: 5045:

Fang, Shuting; Liu, Shuqin; Song, Juyi; Huang, Qihong; Xiang, Zhangmin (2021-04-01).

4894: 4839: 4367: 3908: 3891: 3867: 3850: 1805: 1730: 1588: 1505: 1237: 727: 722: 717: 475: 329: 108: 50: 4823: 4391: 4228: 4184: 3587: 3014: 2737: 186: 8069: 7747: 7647: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7542: 7477: 7357: 7327: 7267: 7262: 7237: 7148: 7027: 6943: 6867: 6852: 6837: 6476: 6450: 6430: 6254: 6217: 6181: 5817: 5764: 5640: 5596: 5581: 5510: 5382: 3461: 3436: 3369: 3166: 2866: 2423: 2135: 2123: 2111: 2041: 2032:(GC). GC instruments allow the separation of gaseous components. When coupled to a 2028:

VOCs are quantified and identified by two broad techniques. The major technique is

1970: 1961: 1865: 1801: 1509: 1270: 1232: 1217: 1048: 1013: 958: 677: 537: 427: 403: 100:

Diverse definitions of the term VOC are in use. Some examples are presented below.

5062: 4870: 3569: 3124: 2928: 2893: 2364: 5285: 5268: 4963: 4694: 4268: 4168: 3531: 3215: 3190: 2764: 8079: 7721: 7678: 7652: 7592: 7572: 7567: 7442: 7402: 7387: 7332: 7257: 7227: 7222: 7038: 6903: 6822: 6413: 6408: 6093: 6088: 6059: 6024: 5997: 5527: 5005: 2119: 2087: 1950: 1925: 1722: 1718: 1584: 1531:, estimated to contribute 1.3 billion tonnes of VOC emissions per year globally. 1483: 1192: 890: 870: 507: 85: 5245: 5174: 5113: 4926: 4909: 4327: 4310: 4219: 4202: 2110:

To achieve comparability of VOC measurements, reference standards traceable to

2017:(NIOSH) and another by U.S. OSHA. Each method uses a single component solvent; 1614:

New buildings may require intensive ventilation for the first few months, or a

7835: 7757: 7688: 7657: 7532: 7502: 7432: 7382: 7352: 7337: 7312: 7217: 7017: 6913: 6832: 6772: 6590: 6207: 5522: 5515: 5498: 5483: 4755: 3931: 2998: 2729: 2127: 2051:, which is usually coupled with GC, giving the hyphenated technique of GC-MS. 1954: 1946: 1938: 1681: 1642: 1607: 1560: 1538: 1242: 998: 502: 396: 5070: 4878: 4763: 4703: 4633: 4571: 4524: 4375: 4277: 4119: 4096:"Metabolic and environmental origins of volatile organic compounds in breath" 4072: 4040: 3795: 3683: 3401: 3346: 3294: 3175: 2806: 2683: 2658: 2240: 2232: 1646: 80:, but may have long-term chronic health effects. Some VOCs have been used in 7794: 7472: 7467: 7417: 7392: 7247: 7043: 6519: 6471: 6445: 6393: 6227: 6189: 5939: 5929: 5601: 5463: 5438: 5335: 5310: 4625: 4515: 4498: 3831: 3393: 3113:

Stoye, D.; Funke, W.; Hoppe, L.; et al. (2006). "Paints and Coatings".

2407: 2131: 2115: 2083: 1877: 1310: 1265: 1227: 1177: 1112: 1018: 482: 454: 360: 65: 5294: 5253: 5218: 5078: 5013: 4971: 4935: 4886: 4831: 4781: 4721: 4651: 4589: 4563: 4532: 4383: 4336: 4295: 4176: 4111: 4080: 3917: 3876: 3691: 3539: 3409: 3354: 3302: 3224: 3063: 3006: 2971: 2963: 2936: 2901: 2858: 2814: 2415: 2372: 2329: 2258: 178:), fine particulate matter (PM10) and suspended particulate matter (SPM)". 4137: 3741: 3189:

You, Bo; Zhou, Wei; Li, Junyao; Li, Zhijie; Sun, Yele (November 4, 2022).

3089: 2284: 2036:(FID) GCs can detect hydrocarbons at the parts per trillion levels. Using 1633:

Measurement of VOCs from the indoor air is done with sorption tubes e. g.

7777: 7711: 7212: 7012: 6812: 6787: 6762: 6164: 6108: 5769: 5618: 5586: 5392: 2607:

For example, discharges from chemical and plastics manufacturing plants:

1979: 1901: 1793: 1770: 1755: 1616: 1572: 682: 380: 367:(methane and carbon monoxide are generally not considered). Not counting 364: 356: 342: 289: 269:

Most VOCs in Earth's atmosphere are biogenic, largely emitted by plants.

257: 125: 81: 5129:

Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry – Principles and Applications

2850: 1665:

In most countries, a separate definition of VOCs is used with regard to

1595:. Once released into the air, VOCs can undergo reactions with ozone and 415:

interaction and damaging major ecosystems. A major class of VOCs is the

7287: 6959: 6125: 5628: 5606: 5493: 5488: 3705: 3674: 3657: 3337: 3320: 3285: 3268: 2018: 1933: 1921: 1837: 1833: 1813: 1766: 1698: 1694: 1580: 1534: 1528: 1513: 1493: 420: 416: 407: 368: 302: 129: 61: 4990:"Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds of Infection: A Systematic Review" 4064: 3578: 3054: 3029: 2610:"Organic Chemicals, Plastics and Synthetic Fibers Effluent Guidelines" 7964: 7716: 7522: 7272: 6529: 6509: 6403: 6078: 5571: 4800:"Adequate indoor air quality in nursing homes: An unmet medical need" 3813: 3030:"Known and Unexplored Organic Constituents in the Earth's Atmosphere" 2623: 2022: 1914: 1893: 1873: 1848:

Regulations and China's National Drinking Water Standards set by the

1809: 1797: 1702: 1690: 1674: 1576: 1524: 1487: 1473: 1320: 1300: 1207: 1197: 905: 376: 315: 5209: 5192: 4041:"Volatile Organic Compounds in Human Milk: Methods and Measurements" 3890:

Wolkoff, P.; Wilkins, C. K.; Clausen, P. A.; Nielsen, G. D. (2006).

2542: 1872:

on the skin like cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2 and 3.

1832:

While null in comparison to the concentrations found in indoor air,

17: 5387: 3930:"What is Smog?", Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 3777: 2561:"Air Pollution Control Technology Fact Sheet: Thermal Incinerator." 7979: 7412: 6539: 6481: 5822: 5754: 5652: 5544: 4025: 3723: 3238: 2880:

Josep Peñuelas; Michael Staudt (2010). "BVOCs and global change".

1997: 1929: 1706: 1592: 1497: 1456: 1330: 1275: 667: 185: 124:

defines a VOC as "any organic compound as well as the fraction of

77: 27:

Organic chemicals having a high vapor pressure at room temperature

4039:

Kim, Sung R.; Halden, Rolf U.; Buckley, Timothy J. (2007-03-01).

7487: 7407: 6514: 5635: 5623: 5539: 2597:. Sacramento, CA: California Air Resources Board. November 2004. 1889: 1888:

Limit values for VOC emissions into indoor air are published by

1654: 1638: 1461:

The handling of petroleum-based fuels is a major source of VOCs.

1305: 552: 547: 512: 6714: 5411: 4740:"Exposure to volatile organic compounds in healthcare settings" 399:

and infrared transmitters into the plant materials themselves.

2472:, European Union Publications Office. Retrieved on 2010-09-28. 2139: 2098:

of volatile organic compounds has also been demonstrated with

1820:

levels, nausea, vomiting, nose bleeding, fatigue, dizziness.

5407: 3759: 467:

Paints and coatings are major anthropogenic sources of VOCs.

4432:"Technical Overview of Volatile Organic Compounds | US EPA" 4406:"Ausschuss zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten" 3150:"Global emissions of VOCs from compressed aerosol products" 2047:

The second major technique associated with VOC analysis is

2013:

In the U.S., standard methods have been established by the

5397: 5131:. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 4026:"Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality" 4002:"Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality" 3976:"Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality" 3606: 2641:"Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Indoor Air Quality" 2215:

Carroll, Gregory T. and Kirschman, David L. (2022-12-20).

406:. Emission occurs almost exclusively from the leaves, the 197:

The definitions of VOCs used for control of precursors of

5393:

Examples of product labels with low VOC emission criteria

2529:"THE AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981" 1606:

New buildings experience particularly high levels of VOC

5186: 5184: 4201:

Ahn, Kangmo; Kim, Jihyun; Kim, Ji-Yun (February 2019).

3368:

Weschler, Charles J.; Carslaw, Nicola (March 6, 2018).

5383:

EPA New England: Ground-level Ozone (Smog) Information

238:

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

5193:"Human exhaled air analytics: Biomarkers of diseases" 3476:

Jones, A.P. (1999). "Indoor air quality and health".

2015:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

391:. The strong odor emitted by many plants consists of 166:

in 1981, amended in 1987, to address concerns about

8052: 8018: 7945: 7849: 7697: 7200: 6886: 6748: 6599: 6548: 6497: 6464: 6297: 6236: 6198: 6180: 5980: 5915: 5852: 5778: 5747: 5712: 5696: 5661: 5454: 4859:

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

3148:Yeoman, Amber M.; Lewis, Alastair C. (2021-04-22). 4492: 4490: 5127:Ellis, Andrew M.; Mayhew, Christopher A. (2014). 4094:Phillips, M; Greenberg, J; Awad, J (1994-11-01). 387:, which often help organisms in defense, such as 3509: 3507: 2543:"Air Pollution in IndiaClean Air India Movement" 2130:of these molecules. Currently, several national 60:VOCs are responsible for the odor of scents and 3314: 3312: 3262: 3260: 2507:"国务院关于印发打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划的通知(国发〔2018〕22号)_政府信息公开专栏" 1472:(1.42 × 10 kg, or 142 billion kg) of 3814:"indoor-air-comfort.com – Eurofins Scientific" 3662:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 3325:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 3273:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 3116:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 3028:Goldstein, Allen H.; Galbally, Ian E. (2007). 2574:"CARB regulations on VOC in consumer products" 6726: 5423: 3980:United States Environmental Protection Agency 3551: 3549: 1599:to produce other VOCs, such as formaldehyde. 1438: 230:Occupational Safety and Health Administration 164:Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 8: 5359:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4454:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3082:Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere 2277:Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere 1808:. Some VOCs are suspected or known to cause 49:. High vapor pressure correlates with a low 2078:Chemical fingerprinting and breath analysis 371:, biological sources emit an estimated 760 207:South Coast Air Quality Management District 7493:High efficiency glandless circulating pump 6742:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning 6733: 6719: 6711: 5430: 5416: 5408: 5155:International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 4315:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 4207:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 3601: 3599: 3597: 3514:Wang, S.; Ang, H. M.; Tade, M. O. (2007). 1982:, unlike the remainder of the population. 1445: 1431: 1335: 461: 441: 5346:1983/f9d95320-dcc6-48d1-a58a-bf310a536b9c 5344: 5334: 5284: 5208: 4983: 4981: 4925: 4771: 4711: 4693: 4641: 4579: 4514: 4326: 4285: 4267: 4218: 4127: 3907: 3866: 3673: 3577: 3460: 3336: 3284: 3214: 3165: 3075: 3073: 3053: 2692: 2682: 2270: 2268: 2248: 7927:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation 3952:"Basic Information about Ozone | US EPA" 271: 6571:Pollutant release and transfer register 5027:Who Says Alcohol and Benzene Don't Mix? 4744:Occupational and Environmental Medicine 4430:EPA,OAR,ORIA,IED, US (18 August 2014). 2652: 2650: 2207: 1860:The presence of VOCs in the air and in 1479:The major source of man-made VOCs are: 1374: 1338: 453: 247: 5352: 5191:Buszewski, B. A.; et al. (2007). 4447: 4157:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 4045:Environmental Science & Technology 3416:from the original on November 15, 2023 3374:Environmental Science & Technology 3245:from the original on September 9, 2015 3034:Environmental Science & Technology 2628:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 1960:Other healthcare environments such as 1898:California Department of Public Health 1788:Health effects include eye, nose, and 1743:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy 7800:Programmable communicating thermostat 4793: 4791: 4733: 4731: 4663: 4661: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4196: 4194: 3154:Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 2782:Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 2487:, European Union Publications Office. 2171:Non-methane volatile organic compound 1846:EPA's National Primary Drinking Water 7: 7922:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing 6661: 5902:Electromagnetic radiation and health 2799:10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045310 1537:use, e.g., cooking oils in Asia and 1523:Compressed aerosol products, mainly 203:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 6677: 6669: 5760:Radium and radon in the environment 4614:Annals of Work Exposures and Health 4503:Annals of Work Exposures and Health 4356:Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2196:Volatile Organic Compounds Protocol 1850:Ministry of Ecology and Environment 673:Radium and radon in the environment 7783:Minimum efficiency reporting value 5315:Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 3742:"blue-angel – Eurofins Scientific" 3239:"U.S. EPA IAQ – Organic chemicals" 2580:. Eurofins Scientific. 2016-08-19. 2467:The VOC solvent emission directive 1661:Regulation of indoor VOC emissions 25: 7825:Standard temperature and pressure 7538:Packaged terminal air conditioner 7074:Passive daytime radiative cooling 6803:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle 4552:Journal of Public Health Research 2663:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2009:Principle and measurement methods 1717:, GuT (textile floor coverings), 6894:Absorption-compression heat pump 6695: 6685: 6676: 6668: 6660: 6648: 6647: 4804:Science of the Total Environment 4368:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02448.x 3909:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00393.x 3868:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00478.x 2710:Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 2517:from the original on 2019-03-09. 2310:Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2191:VOC contamination of groundwater 2064:time-of-flight mass spectrometry 1412: 1400: 250: 7789:Normal temperature and pressure 7169:Vapor-compression refrigeration 5474:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 4824:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144273 3706:"emicode – Eurofins Scientific" 1629:Indoor air-quality measurements 493:Atmospheric dispersion modeling 389:plant defense against herbivory 160:Central Pollution Control Board 5388:VOC emissions and calculations 5102:Trends in Analytical Chemistry 3462:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119598 3167:10.1525/elementa.2020.20.00177 2694:11858/00-001M-0000-0023-F4FB-B 2455:Industrial Emissions Directive 2106:Metrology for VOC measurements 2094:. Chemical fingerprinting and 2086:to test for diseases, such as 1884:Limit values for VOC emissions 1490:, a relatively inert compound. 1476:per year in the form of VOCs. 1362:Least polluted cities by PM2.5 211:California Air Resources Board 135:Industrial Emissions Directive 1: 7937:Testing, adjusting, balancing 7881:Building information modeling 7876:Building services engineering 7453:Ground-coupled heat exchanger 6981:Demand controlled ventilation 6929:Building insulation materials 5962:Electrical resistance heating 5063:10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110213 4871:10.1080/10934529.2019.1637206 4100:Journal of Clinical Pathology 3570:10.1080/14733315.2018.1435026 3498:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00272-1 3125:10.1002/14356007.a18_359.pub2 2929:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.02.006 2894:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.12.005 2365:10.1126/science.291.5511.2141 2322:10.1016/S1369-5266(02)00251-0 2116:national metrology institutes 2040:, GCs are also effective for 833:Electrical resistance heating 84:, while others are target of 7498:High-pressure cut-off switch 7049:Ice storage air conditioning 6970:Dedicated outdoor air system 5614:Persistent organic pollutant 5286:10.1097/JTO.0b013e31817c7439 5273:Journal of Thoracic Oncology 4964:10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11.069 4695:10.1371/journal.pone.0055535 4269:10.1371/journal.pone.0039817 4169:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.108 3832:"cdph – Eurofins Scientific" 3532:10.1016/j.envint.2007.02.011 3216:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107611 2765:10.1016/j.cropro.2017.12.022 2592:"Definitions of VOC and ROG" 2275:Koppmann, Ralf, ed. (2007). 2066:have been reported to reach 1645:(DNPH) and then analyzed by 543:Persistent organic pollutant 419:class of compounds, such as 7841:Thermostatic radiator valve 7643:Thermostatic radiator valve 7154:Underfloor air distribution 7089:Radiant heating and cooling 7007:Energy recovery ventilation 6919:Automobile air conditioning 6783:Domestic energy consumption 6624:Least polluted cities by PM 5051:Food Research International 5006:10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00088 4952:Journal of Chromatography A 3950:EPA,OAR, US (29 May 2015). 3937:September 28, 2011, at the 3241:. Epa.gov. August 5, 2010. 2092:environmental tobacco smoke 2003:Solid-phase microextraction 1908:VOCs in healthcare settings 1747:Substance-induced psychosis 244:Biologically generated VOCs 8177: 7990:Institute of Refrigeration 7871:Architectural technologist 7343:Electrostatic precipitator 6566:Pollution haven hypothesis 6489:Brain health and pollution 5727:Ecological light pollution 5557:Internal combustion engine 5246:10.1016/j.cccn.2004.04.023 5175:10.1016/j.ijms.2014.05.004 5114:10.1016/j.trac.2011.04.005 4927:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.07.015 4328:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.036 4220:10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.402 4000:US EPA, OAR (2014-08-18). 3724:"m1 – Eurofins Scientific" 2626:("Superfund") law and the 2038:electron capture detectors 1962:nursing and age care homes 1740: 1552: 434:and other plant hormones. 147:People's Republic of China 31:Volatile organic compounds 8043:Volatile organic compound 7902:Environmental engineering 7866:Architectural engineering 7668:Ultra-low particulate air 7253:Automatic balancing valve 7181:Variable refrigerant flow 7033:Heat recovery ventilation 6976:Deep water source cooling 6645: 6369:Nonpoint source pollution 6289:War and environmental law 5648:Volatile organic compound 5445: 5197:Biomedical Chromatography 4756:10.1136/oemed-2014-102080 3520:Environment International 3195:Environment International 2999:10.1007/s00425-004-1404-5 2442:February 7, 2009, at the 2161:Criteria air contaminants 2034:flame ionization detector 1868:and toluene downregulate 1088:War and environmental law 708:Health effects from noise 558:Volatile organic compound 240:while being transported. 209:in California and by the 8090:Template:Home automation 7912:Kitchen exhaust cleaning 7608:Solar-assisted heat pump 7208:Air conditioner inverter 6987:Displacement ventilation 6878:Vapour pressure of water 6863:Thermal destratification 5828:Marine mammals and sonar 5739:Radio spectrum pollution 2684:10.5194/acp-14-9317-2014 2578:Consumer Product Testing 2547:Clean Air India Movement 2233:10.1021/acsomega.2c05570 1796:, loss of coordination, 1637:(for VOCs and SVOCs) or 713:Marine mammals and sonar 8085:World Refrigeration Day 7932:Refrigerant reclamation 7861:Architectural acoustics 7805:Programmable thermostat 7737:Clean air delivery rate 7633:Thermal expansion valve 7548:Pressurisation ductwork 7458:Ground source heat pump 6899:Absorption refrigerator 6674:WikiProject Environment 6632:Most polluted countries 6576:Polluter pays principle 6307:Agricultural wastewater 5336:10.5194/amt-8-2715-2015 5267:Mazzone, P. J. (2008). 5032:April 15, 2008, at the 4994:ACS Infectious Diseases 4412:(in German). 2013-04-08 3849:Mendell, M. J. (2007). 3478:Atmospheric Environment 3441:Atmospheric Environment 3394:10.1021/acs.est.7b06387 3119:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 2917:Trends in Plant Science 2882:Trends in Plant Science 2730:10.1023/A:1006127516791 2408:10.1126/science.1118446 2044:such as chlorocarbons. 1842:methyl tert-butyl ether 1579:when oil is heated and 1468:sources emit about 142 1188:Freshwater salinization 1108:Agricultural wastewater 86:administrative controls 8075:Glossary of HVAC terms 8037:Sick building syndrome 7917:Mechanical engineering 7628:Smoke exhaust ductwork 7059:Mixed-mode ventilation 6692:Environment portal 5925:Agricultural pollution 4564:10.4081/jphr.2021.1993 4470:"Before You Buy Paint" 4112:10.1136/jcp.47.11.1052 3818:Indoor-air-comfort.com 3796:"EU Ecolable homepage" 3778:"Nordic Swan Ecolabel" 3558:Int. J. Of Ventilation 2964:10.1002/cssc.200900186 2100:chemical sensor arrays 1870:antimicrobial peptides 1806:central nervous system 1502:aliphatic hydrocarbons 1462: 1407:Environment portal 284:amount emitted (Tg/y) 281:relative contribution 194: 174:), sulphur dioxide (SO 168:air pollution in India 162:of India released the 8095:Template:Solar energy 7773:Intelligent buildings 7732:Carbon dioxide sensor 7119:Room air distribution 6939:Central solar heating 6347:Industrial wastewater 6213:Clutter (advertising) 6121:Municipal solid waste 5967:Soil guideline values 5811:Sustainable transport 5704:Information pollution 5504:Open burning of waste 4626:10.1093/annweh/wxy055 4558:(1): jphr.2021.1993. 4516:10.1093/annweh/wxz059 3090:10.1002/9780470988657 2285:10.1002/9780470988657 1705:(TEK regulation) and 1569:carbonless copy paper 1460: 1148:Industrial wastewater 916:Municipal solid waste 838:Soil guideline values 438:Anthropogenic sources 385:secondary metabolites 236:are regulated by the 189: 8161:Indoor air pollution 7897:Duct leakage testing 7887:Deep energy retrofit 7831:Thermographic camera 7768:Infrared thermometer 7243:Air source heat pump 7192:Water heat recycling 6758:Air changes per hour 6619:Most polluted cities 6312:Biological pollution 6223:Overhead power lines 5234:Clinica Chimica Acta 4914:Respiratory Medicine 4474:Consumer Information 2482:The Paints Directive 1975:endocrine-disrupting 1816:, declines in serum 1671:dimethylpolysiloxane 1357:Most polluted cities 1009:Overhead power lines 393:green leaf volatiles 273:Major biogenic VOCs 7763:HVAC control system 7753:Home energy monitor 7727:Building automation 7513:Inverter compressor 7175:Variable air volume 7084:Passive ventilation 7054:Kitchen ventilation 6954:Constant air volume 6924:Autonomous building 6682:WikiProject Ecology 6379:Ocean acidification 6284:Unexploded ordnance 6155:Post-consumer waste 6015:Foam food container 5993:Biodegradable waste 5567:Global distillation 5327:2015AMT.....8.2715H 5167:2014IJMSp.368....1S 4816:2021ScTEn.76544273R 4686:2013PLoSO...855535B 4260:2012PLoSO...739817B 4057:2007EnST...41.1662K 3782:nordic-ecolabel.org 3490:1999AtmEn..33.4535J 3453:2023AtmEn.29719598C 3386:2018EnST...52.2419W 3207:2022EnInt.17007611Y 3046:2007EnST...41.1514G 2851:10.1038/nature06870 2843:2008Natur.452..737L 2722:1999JAtC...33...23K 2675:2014ACP....14.9317S 2400:2006Sci...311..812B 2357:2001Sci...291.2141K 2351:(5511): 2141–2144. 2227:(50): 46640–46645. 1802:damage to the liver 1765:Some VOCs, such as 1173:Ocean acidification 1083:Unexploded ordnance 1004:Advertising clutter 936:Post-consumer waste 881:Foam food container 866:Biodegradable waste 523:Global distillation 274: 234:hazardous materials 8026:Indoor air quality 7970:ASTM International 7907:Hydronic balancing 7684:Wood-burning stove 7563:Radiator reflector 7348:Evaporative cooler 7159:Underfloor heating 7144:Thermal insulation 6702:Ecology portal 6586:Waste minimisation 6561:Industrial ecology 6556:Cleaner production 6374:Nutrient pollution 6251:Herbicidal warfare 6045:Construction waste 5681:Introduced species 5552:Indoor air quality 5479:Chlorofluorocarbon 4028:. EPA. 2017-04-19. 3675:10.1039/D0EM00504E 3370:"Indoor Chemistry" 3338:10.1039/D3EM00439B 3286:10.1039/D3EM00167A 2643:. EPA. 2016-09-07. 2612:. EPA. 2016-02-01. 2030:gas chromatography 1986:Analytical methods 1779:tropospheric ozone 1727:Indoor Air Comfort 1667:indoor air quality 1555:Indoor air quality 1496:used in coatings, 1463: 1419:Ecology portal 1044:Herbicidal warfare 588:Introduced species 528:Indoor air quality 498:Chlorofluorocarbon 272: 262:coniferous forests 215:indoor air quality 199:photochemical smog 195: 8121:Organic compounds 8103: 8102: 8019:Health and safety 7598:Scroll compressor 7553:Process duct work 7308:Convection heater 7303:Condensing boiler 7233:Air-mixing plenum 7129:Solar combisystem 6965:Cross ventilation 6768:Building envelope 6708: 6707: 6581:Pollution control 6261:Nuclear holocaust 6170:Thermal treatment 6138:Plastic pollution 6055:Mercury poisoning 6008:Battery recycling 5907:Radioactive waste 5676:Genetic pollution 5671:Biological hazard 5469:Air quality index 5138:978-1-405-17668-2 4920:(10): 1598–1607. 4865:(12): 1153–1158. 4321:(1): 355–358.e5. 4106:(11): 1052–1053. 4065:10.1021/es062362y 3055:10.1021/es072476p 2837:(7188): 737–740. 2669:(17): 9317–9341. 2563:EPA-452/F-03-022. 2394:(5762): 812–815. 2181:Trichloroethylene 2166:Fugitive emission 2056:mass spectrometry 2054:Direct injection 2049:mass spectrometry 1856:Dermal absorption 1790:throat irritation 1773:, can react with 1597:hydroxyl radicals 1565:correction fluids 1455: 1454: 1390: 1389: 1056:Nuclear holocaust 979:Urban heat island 793:Radioactive waste 578:Biological hazard 488:Air quality index 354: 353: 191:Thermal oxidizers 88:because of their 41:that have a high 39:organic compounds 16:(Redirected from 8168: 8156:Chemical hazards 8116:Building biology 8065:Building science 7820:Smart thermostat 7815:Room temperature 7398:Fireplace insert 7104:Radon mitigation 7002:Electric heating 6997:District heating 6992:District cooling 6909:Air conditioning 6735: 6728: 6721: 6712: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6690: 6689: 6680: 6679: 6672: 6671: 6664: 6663: 6651: 6650: 6525:Legacy pollution 6384:Oil exploitation 6246:Chemical warfare 6160:Waste management 6067:Industrial waste 6035:Biomedical waste 6003:Electronic waste 5988:Advertising mail 5972:Phytoremediation 5947:Land degradation 5732:Overillumination 5686:Invasive species 5432: 5425: 5418: 5409: 5365: 5364: 5358: 5350: 5348: 5338: 5321:(7): 2715–2736. 5305: 5299: 5298: 5288: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5212: 5188: 5179: 5178: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5108:(7): 1003–1017. 5097: 5091: 5090: 5042: 5036: 5024: 5018: 5017: 4985: 4976: 4975: 4946: 4940: 4939: 4929: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4795: 4786: 4785: 4775: 4735: 4726: 4725: 4715: 4697: 4665: 4656: 4655: 4645: 4605: 4594: 4593: 4583: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4518: 4494: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4453: 4445: 4443: 4442: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4347: 4341: 4340: 4330: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4289: 4271: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4222: 4198: 4189: 4188: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4131: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4051:(5): 1662–1667. 4036: 4030: 4029: 4022: 4016: 4015: 4013: 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2533: 2532: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2503: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2479: 2473: 2464: 2458: 2457:, article 3(45). 2452: 2446: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2383: 2377: 2376: 2340: 2334: 2333: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2272: 2263: 2262: 2252: 2212: 2176:Organic compound 2068:detection limits 1518:aqueous solvents 1447: 1440: 1433: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1405: 1404: 1336: 1039:Chemical warfare 941:Waste management 901:Industrial waste 876:Electronic waste 861:Advertising mail 843:Phytoremediation 818:Land degradation 758:Depleted uranium 643:Overillumination 593:Invasive species 465: 442: 432:(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol 363:, alcohols, and 275: 254: 90:recreational use 47:room temperature 21: 8176: 8175: 8171: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8166: 8165: 8106: 8105: 8104: 8099: 8060:ASHRAE Handbook 8048: 8032:Passive smoking 8014: 7947: 7941: 7853: 7851: 7845: 7699: 7693: 7674:Whole-house fan 7588:Run-around coil 7583:Reversing valve 7528:Mechanical room 7518:Kerosene heater 7508:Infrared heater 7438:Gasoline heater 7378:Fan filter unit 7293:Condensate pump 7278:Centrifugal fan 7196: 7099:Radiant heating 7094:Radiant cooling 7069:Passive cooling 7064:Microgeneration 6934:Central heating 6882: 6858:Thermal comfort 6750: 6744: 6739: 6709: 6704: 6696: 6694: 6684: 6641: 6627: 6595: 6544: 6493: 6460: 6399:Pharmaceuticals 6389:Oil exploration 6293: 6265:Nuclear fallout 6232: 6194: 6176: 6150:Packaging waste 6104:Deep sea mining 6030:Hazardous waste 5976: 5957:Open defecation 5911: 5877:Nuclear fallout 5872:Nuclear fission 5848: 5774: 5743: 5714:Electromagnetic 5708: 5692: 5657: 5577:Ozone depletion 5450: 5441: 5436: 5374: 5369: 5368: 5351: 5307: 5306: 5302: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5210:10.1002/bmc.835 5190: 5189: 5182: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5139: 5126: 5125: 5121: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5034:Wayback Machine 5025: 5021: 5000:(10): 695–710. 4987: 4986: 4979: 4948: 4947: 4943: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4797: 4796: 4789: 4737: 4736: 4729: 4667: 4666: 4659: 4607: 4606: 4597: 4545: 4544: 4540: 4496: 4495: 4488: 4479: 4477: 4468: 4467: 4463: 4446: 4440: 4438: 4429: 4428: 4424: 4415: 4413: 4410:Umweltbundesamt 4404: 4403: 4399: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4241: 4240: 4236: 4200: 4199: 4192: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4024: 4023: 4019: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3985: 3983: 3974: 3973: 3969: 3960: 3958: 3949: 3948: 3944: 3939:Wayback Machine 3929: 3925: 3889: 3888: 3884: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3830: 3829: 3825: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3776: 3775: 3771: 3758: 3757: 3753: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3704: 3703: 3699: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3615: 3613: 3605: 3604: 3595: 3555: 3554: 3547: 3513: 3512: 3505: 3484:(28): 4535–64. 3475: 3474: 3470: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3367: 3366: 3362: 3318: 3317: 3310: 3266: 3265: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3147: 3146: 3142: 3135: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3100: 3079: 3078: 3071: 3027: 3026: 3022: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2958:(12): 1072–95. 2949: 2948: 2944: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2753:Crop Protection 2750: 2749: 2745: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2656: 2655: 2648: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2621: 2617: 2608: 2606: 2602: 2594: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2558: 2554: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2496:eBeijing.gov.cn 2495: 2491: 2480: 2476: 2465: 2461: 2453: 2449: 2444:Wayback Machine 2435: 2431: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2342: 2341: 2337: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2295: 2274: 2273: 2266: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2186:Vapor intrusion 2152: 2108: 2096:breath analysis 2080: 2072:mass resolution 2011: 1993: 1988: 1967:carcinogenicity 1910: 1886: 1858: 1830: 1775:nitrogen oxides 1749: 1739: 1663: 1631: 1591:, alcohols and 1557: 1551: 1451: 1413: 1411: 1399: 1392: 1391: 1291: 1283: 1282: 1256: 1248: 1247: 1183:Pharmaceuticals 1163:Nonpoint source 1103: 1093: 1092: 1061:Nuclear fallout 1034: 1024: 1023: 994: 984: 983: 974: 964: 963: 954: 946: 945: 931:Packaging waste 896:Hazardous waste 856: 848: 847: 808: 798: 797: 768:Nuclear fallout 763:Nuclear fission 743: 733: 732: 698: 688: 687: 663: 655: 654: 628: 626:Electromagnetic 618: 617: 608: 600: 599: 573: 563: 562: 533:Ozone depletion 478: 468: 440: 413: 265: 255: 246: 224:In addition to 184: 177: 173: 156: 143: 118: 106: 98: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8174: 8172: 8164: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8108: 8107: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8046: 8040: 8034: 8029: 8022: 8020: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7957: 7951: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7857: 7855: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7810:Psychrometrics 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7786: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7707:Air flow meter 7703: 7701: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7483:Heating system 7480: 7475: 7470: 7465: 7463:Heat exchanger 7460: 7455: 7450: 7445: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7428:Gas compressor 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7363:Expansion tank 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7283:Ceramic heater 7280: 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7204: 7202: 7198: 7197: 7195: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7178: 7172: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7124:Solar air heat 7121: 7116: 7114:Renewable heat 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7030: 7025: 7023:Forced-air gas 7020: 7015: 7010: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6978: 6973: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6890: 6888: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6880: 6875: 6873:Thermodynamics 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6843:Psychrometrics 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6798:Gas compressor 6795: 6793:Fluid dynamics 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6754: 6752: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6738: 6737: 6730: 6723: 6715: 6706: 6705: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6616: 6614:Law by country 6611: 6605: 6603: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6552: 6550: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6499: 6495: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6479: 6468: 6466: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6436:Surface runoff 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6322:Eutrophication 6319: 6314: 6309: 6303: 6301: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6279:Scorched earth 6276: 6273:nuclear winter 6269:nuclear famine 6258: 6248: 6242: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6204: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6192: 6186: 6184: 6178: 6177: 6175: 6174: 6173: 6172: 6167: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6146: 6145: 6135: 6130: 6129: 6128: 6118: 6117: 6116: 6114:Uranium mining 6111: 6106: 6101: 6099:Surface mining 6096: 6091: 6081: 6076: 6075: 6074: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6050:Lead poisoning 6047: 6042: 6040:Chemical waste 6037: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5984: 5982: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5952:Bioremediation 5949: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5921: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5867:Bioremediation 5864: 5858: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5846: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5820: 5815: 5814: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788:Transportation 5784: 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5751: 5749: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5718: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5678: 5673: 5667: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5644: 5643: 5633: 5632: 5631: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5610: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5562:Global dimming 5559: 5554: 5549: 5548: 5547: 5537: 5536: 5535: 5533:Diesel exhaust 5525: 5520: 5519: 5518: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5446: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5403:VOCs in Paints 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5373: 5372:External links 5370: 5367: 5366: 5300: 5279:(7): 774–780. 5259: 5240:(1–2): 25–39. 5224: 5203:(6): 553–566. 5180: 5144: 5137: 5119: 5092: 5037: 5019: 4977: 4941: 4900: 4845: 4787: 4750:(9): 642–650. 4727: 4657: 4620:(7): 852–870. 4595: 4538: 4486: 4461: 4422: 4397: 4362:(3): 338–345. 4342: 4301: 4234: 4190: 4143: 4086: 4031: 4017: 3992: 3967: 3942: 3923: 3882: 3841: 3823: 3805: 3787: 3769: 3751: 3733: 3715: 3697: 3668:(5): 699–713. 3648: 3623: 3593: 3564:(3): 153–166. 3545: 3526:(5): 694–705. 3503: 3468: 3427: 3360: 3331:(2): 436–450. 3308: 3256: 3230: 3181: 3140: 3133: 3105: 3098: 3069: 3040:(5): 1514–21. 3020: 2977: 2942: 2907: 2888:(3): 133–144. 2872: 2820: 2791:Annual Reviews 2770: 2743: 2700: 2646: 2632: 2615: 2600: 2583: 2565: 2552: 2534: 2520: 2498: 2489: 2474: 2459: 2447: 2429: 2378: 2335: 2316:(3): 237–243. 2300: 2293: 2264: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2156:Aroma compound 2151: 2148: 2107: 2104: 2079: 2076: 2010: 2007: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1909: 1906: 1885: 1882: 1857: 1854: 1829: 1826: 1818:cholinesterase 1804:, kidney, and 1760:immune effects 1738: 1735: 1662: 1659: 1630: 1627: 1589:sesquiterpenes 1550: 1547: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1532: 1521: 1491: 1453: 1452: 1450: 1449: 1442: 1435: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1409: 1394: 1393: 1388: 1387: 1386: 1385: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1352:Law by country 1349: 1341: 1340: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1263: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1223:Surface runoff 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1123:Eutrophication 1120: 1115: 1110: 1104: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1078:Scorched earth 1075: 1074: 1073: 1071:Nuclear winter 1068: 1066:Nuclear famine 1063: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1041: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 995: 990: 989: 986: 985: 982: 981: 975: 970: 969: 966: 965: 962: 961: 955: 952: 951: 948: 947: 944: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 857: 854: 853: 850: 849: 846: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 823:Bioremediation 820: 815: 809: 804: 803: 800: 799: 796: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 753:Bioremediation 750: 744: 739: 738: 735: 734: 731: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 703:Transportation 699: 694: 693: 690: 689: 686: 685: 680: 675: 670: 664: 661: 660: 657: 656: 653: 652: 650:Radio spectrum 647: 646: 645: 640: 629: 624: 623: 620: 619: 616: 615: 609: 606: 605: 602: 601: 598: 597: 596: 595: 585: 580: 574: 569: 568: 565: 564: 561: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 518:Global dimming 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 479: 474: 473: 470: 469: 466: 458: 457: 451: 450: 439: 436: 411: 352: 351: 348: 345: 339: 338: 335: 332: 330:sesquiterpenes 326: 325: 322: 319: 312: 311: 308: 305: 299: 298: 295: 292: 286: 285: 282: 279: 267: 266: 256: 249: 245: 242: 226:drinking water 183: 180: 175: 171: 155: 152: 142: 139: 122:European Union 117: 116:European Union 114: 105: 102: 97: 94: 43:vapor pressure 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8173: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8151:Air pollution 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8055: 8051: 8044: 8041: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8017: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7948:organizations 7944: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7892:Duct cleaning 7890: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7848: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7790: 7787: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7743:Control valve 7741: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7696: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7663:Turning vanes 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7638:Thermal wheel 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7603:Solar chimney 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7449: 7446: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7373:Fan coil unit 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7318:Cooling tower 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7182: 7179: 7176: 7173: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7164:Vapor barrier 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7139:Solar heating 7137: 7135: 7134:Solar cooling 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7109:Refrigeration 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7079:Passive house 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6949:Chilled water 6947: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6889: 6885: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6848:Sensible heat 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6828:Noise control 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6808:Heat transfer 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6753: 6747: 6743: 6736: 6731: 6729: 6724: 6722: 6717: 6716: 6713: 6703: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6675: 6667: 6658: 6654: 6644: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6457: 6456:Water quality 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6235: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6218:Traffic signs 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6179: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6144: 6143:Microplastics 6141: 6140: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6133:Nanomaterials 6131: 6127: 6124: 6123: 6122: 6119: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6073: 6072:Lead smelting 6070: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6032: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5892:Radioactivity 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5845: 5844:Noise control 5842: 5839: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5777: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5737: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5695: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5592:Metal working 5590: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5512: 5509: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5440: 5433: 5428: 5426: 5421: 5419: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5371: 5362: 5356: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5304: 5301: 5296: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5263: 5260: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5187: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5148: 5145: 5140: 5134: 5130: 5123: 5120: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5096: 5093: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5023: 5020: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4958:(1–2): 9–18. 4957: 4953: 4945: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4919: 4915: 4911: 4904: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4849: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4794: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4723: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4680:(2): e55535. 4679: 4675: 4671: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4542: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4475: 4471: 4465: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4423: 4411: 4407: 4401: 4398: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4346: 4343: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4254:(7): e39817. 4253: 4249: 4245: 4238: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4147: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4035: 4032: 4027: 4021: 4018: 4007: 4003: 3996: 3993: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3968: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3936: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3886: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3861:(4): 259–77. 3860: 3856: 3852: 3845: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3773: 3770: 3765: 3764:gut-prodis.eu 3761: 3755: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3737: 3734: 3729: 3725: 3719: 3716: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3676: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3652: 3649: 3637: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3472: 3469: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3431: 3428: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3364: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3261: 3257: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3185: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3141: 3136: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3109: 3106: 3101: 3099:9780470988657 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3076: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3024: 3021: 3016: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2911: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2876: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2783: 2774: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2747: 2744: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2653: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2611: 2604: 2601: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2569: 2566: 2562: 2556: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2535: 2530: 2524: 2521: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2468: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2437:Health Canada 2433: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2382: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2339: 2336: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2304: 2301: 2296: 2294:9780470988657 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2211: 2208: 2201: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1999: 1990: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1942: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1916: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1731:United States 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1697:(AgBB/DIBt), 1696: 1692: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1612: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1548: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510:glycol ethers 1507: 1506:ethyl acetate 1503: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1466:Anthropogenic 1459: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1429: 1428: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1410: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1252: 1251: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1238:Water quality 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1097: 1096: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1014:Traffic signs 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 996: 993: 988: 987: 980: 977: 976: 973: 968: 967: 960: 957: 956: 950: 949: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 921:Nanomaterials 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 862: 859: 858: 852: 851: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 810: 807: 802: 801: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 783:Radioactivity 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 742: 737: 736: 729: 728:Soundproofing 726: 724: 723:Noise control 721: 719: 718:Noise barrier 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 700: 697: 692: 691: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 665: 659: 658: 651: 648: 644: 641: 639: 636: 635: 634: 631: 630: 627: 622: 621: 614: 611: 610: 604: 603: 594: 591: 590: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 572: 567: 566: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 480: 477: 472: 471: 464: 460: 459: 456: 452: 448: 444: 443: 437: 435: 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 409: 405: 400: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 349: 346: 344: 341: 340: 336: 333: 331: 328: 327: 323: 320: 317: 314: 313: 309: 306: 304: 301: 300: 296: 293: 291: 288: 287: 283: 280: 277: 276: 270: 263: 259: 253: 248: 243: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 222: 218: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 192: 188: 182:United States 181: 179: 169: 165: 161: 153: 151: 148: 140: 138: 136: 131: 127: 123: 115: 113: 110: 109:Health Canada 103: 101: 95: 93: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 74:Anthropogenic 71: 67: 63: 58: 56: 52: 51:boiling point 48: 44: 40: 36: 32: 19: 8070:Fireproofing 8042: 7854:and services 7850:Professions, 7748:Gas detector 7648:Trickle vent 7623:Smoke damper 7618:Smoke canopy 7613:Space heater 7543:Plenum space 7478:Heating film 7358:Exhaust hood 7328:Dehumidifier 7268:Blast damper 7263:Barrier pipe 7238:Air purifier 7149:Thermosiphon 7028:Free cooling 6944:Chilled beam 6868:Thermal mass 6853:Stack effect 6838:Particulates 6818:Infiltration 6749:Fundamental 6535:Point source 6477:Heavy metals 6451:Urban runoff 6431:Sulfur water 6409:Septic tanks 6255:Agent Orange 6109:Mining waste 5935:Manure waste 5765:Volcanic ash 5647: 5641:Black carbon 5597:Oil refining 5582:Particulates 5511:Construction 5355:cite journal 5318: 5314: 5303: 5276: 5272: 5262: 5237: 5233: 5227: 5200: 5196: 5158: 5154: 5147: 5128: 5122: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5054: 5050: 5040: 5022: 4997: 4993: 4955: 4951: 4944: 4917: 4913: 4903: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4807: 4803: 4747: 4743: 4677: 4673: 4617: 4613: 4555: 4551: 4541: 4506: 4502: 4478:. Retrieved 4476:. 2012-10-09 4473: 4464: 4439:. Retrieved 4435: 4425: 4414:. Retrieved 4409: 4400: 4359: 4355: 4345: 4318: 4314: 4304: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4213:(2): AB132. 4210: 4206: 4160: 4156: 4146: 4103: 4099: 4089: 4048: 4044: 4034: 4020: 4009:. Retrieved 4005: 3995: 3984:. Retrieved 3982:. 2014-08-18 3979: 3970: 3959:. Retrieved 3955: 3945: 3926: 3899: 3895: 3885: 3858: 3854: 3844: 3836:Eurofins.com 3835: 3826: 3817: 3808: 3800:ec.europa.eu 3799: 3790: 3781: 3772: 3763: 3754: 3746:Eurofins.com 3745: 3736: 3728:Eurofins.com 3727: 3718: 3710:Eurofins.com 3709: 3700: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3639:. Retrieved 3635: 3626: 3614:. Retrieved 3610: 3561: 3557: 3523: 3519: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3418:. Retrieved 3377: 3373: 3363: 3328: 3324: 3276: 3272: 3247:. 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In the 1573:aldehydes 1470:teragrams 1311:Garbology 1228:Turbidity 1178:Oil spill 1128:Firewater 1113:Biosolids 1019:Vandalism 778:Poisoning 773:Plutonium 748:Actinides 741:Radiation 483:Acid rain 455:Pollution 373:teragrams 365:carbonyls 324:48.7±0.8 278:compound 8141:Perfumes 8053:See also 7778:LonWorks 7712:Aquastat 7578:Register 7558:Radiator 7213:Air door 7013:Firestop 6813:Humidity 6788:Enthalpy 6778:Dilution 6763:Bake-out 6751:concepts 6637:Treaties 6609:Diseases 6421:Shipping 6317:Diseases 6165:Landfill 5840:Abstract 5837:Military 5770:Wildfire 5619:Smelting 5587:Asbestos 5295:18594325 5254:15313139 5219:17431933 5079:33773687 5030:Archived 5014:28870074 4972:14870711 4936:23920330 4887:31274053 4832:33401060 4782:25011549 4722:23393590 4674:PLOS ONE 4652:29931140 4590:33849259 4533:31665213 4450:cite web 4392:23522130 4384:16499645 4337:27498358 4296:22802943 4248:PLOS ONE 4229:86509634 4185:52821729 4177:30243211 4081:17396657 3935:Archived 3918:16420493 3877:17661923 3692:34037627 3641:24 April 3616:23 April 3611:KEY-VOCs 3588:56370102 3540:17376530 3414:Archived 3410:29402076 3355:38258874 3303:37609942 3249:March 2, 3243:Archived 3225:36335895 3064:17396635 3015:21739942 3007:15599762 2972:20013989 2937:15063868 2902:20097116 2859:18401407 2815:28605605 2738:94021819 2515:Archived 2440:Archived 2416:16469918 2373:11251117 2330:11960742 2259:36570243 2150:See also 2112:SI units 1991:Sampling 1980:o-xylene 1951:α-pinene 1902:colorant 1771:limonene 1756:allergic 1617:bake-out 1581:terpenes 1494:Solvents 1367:Treaties 1347:Diseases 1203:Shipping 1168:Nutrient 1118:Diseases 683:Wildfire 381:isoprene 357:Biogenic 343:methanol 318:isomers 303:terpenes 290:isoprene 258:Limonene 130:Solvents 126:creosote 82:pharmacy 62:perfumes 8136:Flavors 7852:trades, 7423:Furnace 7288:Chiller 6960:Coolant 6666:Commons 6441:Thermal 6342:Hypoxia 6126:Garbage 5897:Uranium 5748:Natural 5697:Digital 5629:Aerosol 5607:Welding 5494:Biomass 5489:Biofuel 5448:History 5323:Bibcode 5163:Bibcode 5161:: 1–5. 4812:Bibcode 4773:4591534 4713:3564763 4682:Bibcode 4643:6248410 4581:8018262 4287:3389035 4256:Bibcode 4138:7829686 4053:Bibcode 3932:CCME.ca 3636:Iso.org 3486:Bibcode 3449:Bibcode 3382:Bibcode 3203:Bibcode 3042:Bibcode 2867:4341546 2839:Bibcode 2718:Bibcode 2671:Bibcode 2485:EUR-Lex 2470:EUR-Lex 2424:9260593 2396:Bibcode 2388:Science 2353:Bibcode 2345:Science 2250:9774396 2019:butanol 1934:acetone 1922:ethanol 1838:toluene 1834:benzene 1814:dyspnea 1767:styrene 1711:EMICODE 1699:Belgium 1695:Germany 1678:-hexane 1643:elution 1577:alkanes 1535:Biofuel 1529:propane 1514:acetone 1261:History 1143:Hypoxia 972:Thermal 926:Plastic 788:Uranium 662:Natural 607:Digital 583:Genetic 421:myrcene 417:terpene 408:stomata 369:methane 297:594±34 8005:SMACNA 7965:ASHRAE 7785:(MERV) 7739:(CADR) 7717:BACnet 7670:(ULPA) 7523:Louver 7448:Grille 7323:Damper 7273:Boiler 7171:(VCRS) 6972:(DOAS) 6530:Midden 6510:Debris 6465:Topics 6404:Sewage 6357:debris 6352:Marine 6200:Visual 6084:Mining 6079:Litter 5572:Mining 5293: 5252: 5217: 5135: 5085: 5077: 5069: 5012: 4970: 4934: 4893: 4885: 4877: 4838: 4830: 4780: 4770: 4762: 4720: 4710: 4702: 4650: 4640: 4632: 4588: 4578: 4570: 4531: 4523: 4436:US EPA 4390: 4382: 4374: 4335: 4294: 4284: 4276: 4227: 4183: 4175: 4136: 4129:503075 4126: 4118: 4079: 4071: 4006:US EPA 3956:US EPA 3916: 3875: 3690: 3682: 3586: 3538: 3408: 3400: 3353: 3345: 3301: 3293: 3223: 3174: 3131: 3096: 3062: 3013: 3005: 2987:Planta 2970: 2935: 2900: 2865: 2857: 2831:Nature 2813: 2805: 2736: 2624:CERCLA 2511:gov.cn 2422: 2414: 2371: 2328: 2291: 2257: 2247: 2239: 2060:PTR-MS 2023:hexane 1973:, and 1932:, and 1915:asthma 1894:AFSSET 1874:Xylene 1840:, and 1810:cancer 1800:; 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