2947:
2771:
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43:
3011:
3035:
2971:
2999:
140:
942:
3023:
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2898:
159:
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may be one of the main sources of energy for T Tauri stars. Rapid rotation tends to improve mixing and increase the transport of lithium into deeper layers where it is destroyed. T Tauri stars generally increase their rotation rates as they age, through contraction and spin-up, as they conserve
542:
abundance than the Sun and other main-sequence stars because lithium is destroyed at temperatures above 2,500,000 K. From a study of lithium abundances in 53 T Tauri stars, it has been found that lithium depletion varies strongly with size, suggesting that
1025:
in preâmain sequence stage are not observed, because they evolve very quickly: when they become visible (i.e. disperses surrounding circumstellar gas and dust cloud), the hydrogen in the center is already burning and they are
560:
angular momentum. This causes an increased rate of lithium loss with age. Lithium burning will also increase with higher temperatures and mass, and will last for at most a little over 100 million years.
492:, which they reach after about 100 million years. They typically rotate with a period between one and twelve days, compared to a month for the Sun, and are very active and variable.
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285:
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stars of the same mass, but they are significantly more luminous because their radii are larger. Their central temperatures are too low for
967:
like the Solar System. Circumstellar discs are estimated to dissipate on timescales of up to 10 million years. Most T Tauri stars are in
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1948:
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126:
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An empirical criterion to classify T Tauri stars and substellar analogs using low-resolution optical spectroscopy
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This article is about the type of variable star. For the particular variable star called "T Tauri", see
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988:
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534:, a binary system of T Tauri stars. The scale is much larger than that of the Solar System.
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that are less than about ten million years old. This class is named after the prototype,
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itself was discovered in 1852, the T Tauri class of stars were initially defined by
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gets transferred from the star to the protoplanetary disc. A T Tauri stage for the
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emissions (approximately 1000 times that of the Sun). Many have extremely powerful
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1173:"Stellar Evolution - Cycles of Formation and Destruction; Young Stellar Objects"
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402:
188:
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17:
905:). The rate of lithium depletion can be used to calculate the age of the star.
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1983:
1956:
1933:
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1750:
1654:
1632:
1610:
1605:
1469:
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1007:
980:
468:
342:
337:, a luminosityâtemperature relationship obeyed by infant stars of less than 3
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1973:
1963:
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It will not occur in stars with less than sixty times the mass of
Jupiter (
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1600:
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1262:
866:
678:
531:
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143:
Artist's impression of a T Tauri star with a circumstellar accretion disc
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was transferred to the protoplanetary disc and hence, eventually to the
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during the last highly convective and unstable stages during the later
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Discussion of V471 Tauri observations and general T-Tauri properties
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would be one means by which the angular momentum of the contracting
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in the process of contracting to the main sequence along the
971:
systems. In various stages of their life, they are called
463:
T Tauri stars comprise the youngest visible F, G, K and M
1259:, Frederick M. Walter, Stony Brook University, April 2004
488:
released as the stars contract, while moving towards the
1268:
1006:
Analogs of T Tauri stars in the higher mass range (2â8
515:. Another source of brightness variability are clumps (
476:). Their surface temperatures are similar to those of
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1996:
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67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1129:Appenzeller, I; Mundt, R (1989). "T Tauri stars".
563:The p-p chain for lithium burning is as follows
2813:
1284:
963:because they are probably the progenitors of
499:coverage, and they have intense and variable
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431:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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530:The ejection of a bubble of hot gas from
523:) in the disk surrounding T Tauri stars.
451:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
987:of T Tauri stars are one means by which
2994:
1121:
1038:Planets around T Tauri stars include:
226:
165:
149:
975:(YSOs). It is thought that the active
1131:The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review
7:
2970:
1239:"T Tauri Stars, Naked and Otherwise"
1021:. More massive (>8 solar masses)
495:There is evidence of large areas of
429:adding citations to reliable sources
350:) in the pre-main-sequence phase of
65:adding citations to reliable sources
955:Roughly half of T Tauri stars have
365:, or when a smaller star commences
511:; some eject gas in high-velocity
354:. It ends when a star of 0.5
25:
1265:, David Barrado y Navascues, 2003
3033:
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959:, which in this case are called
401:
321:and identified by their optical
157:
41:
484:. Instead, they are powered by
52:needs additional citations for
1:
2682:Timeline of stellar astronomy
935:), which is a subset of WTTS.
913:Several types of TTSs exist:
27:Class of young variable stars
538:Their spectra show a higher
2342:HertzsprungâRussell diagram
567:
3082:
2923:KelvinâHelmholtz mechanism
2256:KelvinâHelmholtz mechanism
329:lines. T Tauri stars are
315:Taurus star-forming region
250:KelvinâHelmholtz mechanism
29:
2941:
2894:
2765:
1519:
1306:
1204:The Astrophysical Journal
2635:With multiple exoplanets
1200:"T Tauri Variable Stars"
924:Weak-line T Tauri star (
917:Classical T Tauri star (
1421:Asymptotic giant branch
1198:Joy, Alfred H. (1945).
1143:1989A&ARv...1..291A
1019:Herbig Ae/Be-type stars
1015:preâmain-sequence stars
331:pre-main-sequence stars
2878:Pre-main-sequence star
2757:Tidal disruption event
2246:Circumstellar envelope
1480:Luminous blue variable
1237:Scott J. Wolk (1996).
1053:1RXS J160929.1â210524b
952:
535:
317:. They are found near
313:, a young star in the
204:Pre-main-sequence star
144:
2913:Initial mass function
2282:Effective temperature
944:
529:
361:or larger develops a
240:Initial mass function
142:
2906:Theoretical concepts
2863:Young stellar object
2752:Planet-hosting stars
2630:With resolved images
2601:Historical brightest
2531:Photometric-standard
2457:Solar radio emission
2251:Eddington luminosity
2031:Triple-alpha process
1969:ThorneâĆ»ytkow object
1344:Young stellar object
973:young stellar object
961:protoplanetary discs
946:Protoplanetary discs
931:Naked T Tauri star (
486:gravitational energy
425:improve this section
227:Theoretical concepts
194:Young stellar object
61:improve this article
2933:Planetary migration
2843:Interstellar medium
2576:Highest temperature
2347:Colorâcolor diagram
2212:Protoplanetary disk
2016:Protonâproton chain
1694:Chemically peculiar
1216:1945ApJ...102..168J
1178:chandra.harvard.edu
957:circumstellar disks
557:Hayashi contraction
387:Alfred Harrison Joy
260:Planetary migration
174:Interstellar medium
2928:Nebular hypothesis
2888:HerbigâHaro object
2581:Lowest temperature
2332:Photometric system
2302:Absolute magnitude
2236:Circumstellar dust
1849:Stellar black hole
1485:Stellar population
1371:HerbigâHaro object
1151:10.1007/BF00873081
953:
536:
467:stars (<2
255:Nebular hypothesis
219:HerbigâHaro object
145:
2985:
2984:
2918:Jeans instability
2883:Herbig Ae/Be star
2795:
2794:
2698:Substellar object
2677:Planetary nebulae
2096:Luminous red nova
2006:Deuterium burning
1992:
1991:
1475:Instability strip
1455:Wolf-Rayet nebula
1409:Horizontal branch
1354:Pre-main-sequence
965:planetary systems
892:
891:
553:preâmain sequence
461:
460:
453:
352:stellar evolution
305:) are a class of
296:
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245:Jeans instability
214:Herbig Ae/Be star
137:
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111:
16:(Redirected from
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2787:Stars portal
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2429:Planetary system
2352:Strömgren sphere
2224:Asteroseismology
1945:Black hole star
1517:
1443:Planetary nebula
1404:Red-giant branch
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989:angular momentum
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319:molecular clouds
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18:T Tauri variable
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2848:Molecular cloud
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2686:
2655:Milky Way novae
2591:Smallest volume
2535:
2516:Radial velocity
2439:
2433:
2385:Common envelope
2361:
2260:
2229:Helioseismology
2200:Bipolar outflow
2141:Microturbulence
2136:Convection zone
2117:
2011:Lithium burning
1998:Nucleosynthesis
1988:
1870:
1779:
1506:
1385:
1334:Molecular cloud
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1123:
1118:
1110:P Cygni profile
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977:magnetic fields
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545:lithium burning
482:hydrogen fusion
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393:Characteristics
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179:Molecular cloud
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5:
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3066:Star formation
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2836:Object classes
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2829:Star formation
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2586:Largest volume
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2299:
2297:Magnetic field
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2207:Accretion disk
2204:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2183:Alfvén surface
2180:
2178:Stellar corona
2175:
2170:
2165:
2155:
2153:Radiation zone
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2143:
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2127:
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2110:
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2018:
2013:
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1775:Blue straggler
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1618:
1613:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1533:Main sequence
1531:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1512:Classification
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1448:Protoplanetary
1440:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1229:
1224:10.1086/144749
1190:
1164:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1100:Orion variable
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1035:
1032:
939:
938:
937:
936:
922:
910:
907:
901:
898:
894:
893:
890:
889:
886:
879:
870:
862:
859:
852:
843:
836:
833:
829:
828:
825:
822:
815:
806:
799:
796:
789:
780:
773:
770:
763:
755:
747:
746:
739:
731:
723:
716:
707:
700:
697:
690:
682:
675:
672:
665:
656:
648:
647:
645:
642:
636:
627:
620:
617:
610:
601:
594:
591:
584:
576:
472:
469:
459:
458:
409:
407:
400:
394:
391:
378:
375:
367:nuclear fusion
363:radiative zone
358:
355:
346:
343:
307:variable stars
294:
293:
291:
290:
283:
276:
268:
265:
264:
263:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
229:
228:
224:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
168:
167:
166:Object classes
163:
162:
154:
153:
151:Star formation
135:
134:
76:"T Tauri star"
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3078:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:T Tauri stars
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3007:
3005:
2995:
2991:
2978:
2977:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Intergalactic
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Galactic year
2725:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2606:Most luminous
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:Proper motion
2519:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Constellation
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:Solar eclipse
2450:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2438:Earth-centric
2436:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Alpha process
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1808:Helium planet
1806:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:Parker's star
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:Lambda Boötis
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:Superluminous
1493:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Main sequence
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:Hayashi track
1374:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1028:main sequence
1024:
1020:
1017:, are called
1016:
1013:
1012:spectral type
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
947:
943:
934:
930:
929:
927:
923:
920:
916:
915:
914:
908:
906:
904:
887:
883:
863:
860:
856:
837:
834:
831:
830:
826:
823:
819:
800:
797:
793:
774:
771:
767:
749:
748:
744:
724:
720:
701:
698:
694:
676:
673:
669:
650:
649:
646:
643:
640:
621:
618:
614:
595:
592:
588:
570:
569:
566:
565:
564:
561:
558:
555:phase of the
554:
550:
546:
541:
533:
528:
524:
522:
521:planetesimals
518:
514:
510:
509:stellar winds
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
490:main sequence
487:
483:
479:
478:main-sequence
475:
466:
465:spectral type
455:
452:
444:
434:
430:
426:
420:
419:
415:
410:This section
408:
404:
399:
398:
392:
390:
388:
384:
376:
374:
372:
371:main sequence
368:
364:
353:
349:
340:
336:
335:Hayashi track
332:
328:
327:chromospheric
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:T Tauri stars
289:
284:
282:
277:
275:
270:
269:
267:
266:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
231:
230:
225:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
170:
169:
164:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
141:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: â
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3040:Solar System
2975:
2964:Stars portal
2963:
2951:
2873:T Tauri star
2872:
2650:White dwarfs
2640:Brown dwarfs
2623:Most distant
2571:Most massive
2549:Proper names
2509:Photographic
2462:Solar System
2440:observations
2367:Star systems
2190:Stellar wind
2173:Chromosphere
2146:Oscillations
2026:Helium flash
1876:Hypothetical
1854:X-ray binary
1793:Compact star
1628:Bright giant
1381:Henyey track
1363:
1359:Herbig Ae/Be
1242:. Retrieved
1232:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1182:. Retrieved
1176:
1167:
1137:(3â4): 291.
1134:
1130:
1124:
1063:Gliese 674 b
1037:
1008:solar masses
1005:
993:Solar System
985:Alfvén waves
954:
950:Orion Nebula
932:
925:
918:
912:
895:
562:
537:
517:protoplanets
513:bipolar jets
494:
462:
447:
438:
423:Please help
411:
380:
339:solar masses
302:
298:
297:
209:T Tauri star
208:
123:
117:January 2017
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3028:Outer space
3016:Spaceflight
2858:Dark nebula
2853:Bok globule
2703:Brown dwarf
2479:Circumpolar
2357:Kraft break
2337:Color index
2312:Metallicity
2272:Designation
2241:Cosmic dust
2163:Photosphere
1929:Dark-energy
1904:Electroweak
1889:Black dwarf
1820:Radio-quiet
1803:White dwarf
1689:White dwarf
1339:Bok globule
1210:: 168â195.
1043:HD 106906 b
979:and strong
969:binary star
827:(unstable)
325:and strong
323:variability
189:Dark nebula
184:Bok globule
3056:Star types
3050:Categories
2665:Candidates
2660:Supernovae
2645:Red dwarfs
2504:Extinction
2292:Kinematics
2287:Luminosity
2265:Properties
2158:Atmosphere
2056:Si burning
2046:Ne burning
1984:White hole
1957:Quasi-star
1884:Blue dwarf
1739:Technetium
1655:Hypergiant
1633:Supergiant
1244:2018-03-14
1184:2023-01-31
1116:References
1075:around an
1073:V830 Tau b
1065:around an
1045:around an
1010:)âA and B
981:solar wind
441:March 2024
87:newspapers
3004:Astronomy
2868:Protostar
2596:Brightest
2494:Magnitude
2474:Pole star
2395:Symbiotic
2390:Eclipsing
2322:Starlight
2123:Structure
2113:Supernova
2106:Micronova
2101:Recurrent
2086:Symbiotic
2071:p-process
2066:r-process
2061:s-process
2051:O burning
2041:C burning
2021:CNO cycle
1964:Gravastar
1500:Hypernova
1490:Supernova
1465:Dredge-up
1438:Blue loop
1431:super-AGB
1414:Red clump
1391:Evolution
1349:Protostar
1329:Accretion
1321:Formation
1159:118324477
1085:around a
1055:around a
1030:objects.
888:+ energy
549:p-p chain
547:" by the
412:does not
389:in 1945.
235:Accretion
199:Protostar
2952:Category
2775:Category
2670:Remnants
2566:Extremes
2526:Parallax
2499:Apparent
2489:Asterism
2467:Sunlight
2417:Globular
2402:Multiple
2327:Variable
2317:Rotation
2277:Dynamics
2168:Starspot
1842:Magnetar
1785:Remnants
1601:Subgiant
1574:Subdwarf
1426:post-AGB
1094:See also
532:XZ Tauri
497:starspot
473:☉
359:☉
347:☉
2990:Portals
2976:Commons
2742:Gravity
2691:Related
2611:Nearest
2559:Chinese
2407:Cluster
2380:Contact
2217:Proplyd
2091:Remnant
1979:Blitzar
1953:Hawking
1909:Strange
1859:Burster
1815:Neutron
1768:Extreme
1719:He-weak
1364:T Tauri
1212:Bibcode
1139:Bibcode
1105:EX Lupi
1083:PDS 70b
1034:Planets
1001:planets
948:in the
864:2
861:â
798:â
772:+
725:+
699:â
674:+
619:â
593:+
540:lithium
433:removed
418:sources
383:T Tauri
377:History
369:on the
311:T Tauri
101:scholar
32:T Tauri
2732:Galaxy
2720:Planet
2708:Desert
2616:bright
2554:Arabic
2375:Binary
2195:Bubble
1919:Planck
1894:Exotic
1830:Binary
1825:Pulsar
1763:Helium
1724:Barium
1667:Carbon
1660:Yellow
1648:Yellow
1621:Yellow
1460:PG1159
1157:
1087:K-type
1077:M-type
1067:M-type
1057:K-type
1047:F-type
885:
858:
835:
832:
824:
821:
795:
769:
735:ν
722:
696:
671:
644:
616:
590:
381:While
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2737:Guest
2541:Lists
2422:Super
2076:Fusor
1949:Black
1934:Quark
1914:Preon
1899:Boson
1835:X-ray
1751:Shell
1704:Ap/Bp
1606:Giant
1524:Early
1470:OH/IR
1300:Stars
1155:S2CID
1023:stars
909:Types
505:radio
501:X-ray
108:JSTOR
94:books
2412:Open
2307:Mass
2131:Core
2081:Nova
1974:Iron
1924:Dark
1734:Lead
1714:HgMn
1709:CEMP
1638:Blue
1611:Blue
1529:Late
1311:List
1089:star
1079:star
1069:star
1059:star
1049:star
933:NTTS
926:WTTS
919:CTTS
519:and
503:and
416:any
414:cite
80:news
2713:Sub
2447:Sun
1866:SGR
1643:Red
1616:Red
1220:doi
1208:102
1147:doi
997:Sun
983:of
427:by
303:TTS
63:by
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