1117:
793:
flood. He said goodbye to his wife, saying that he did not know when he would return. During the thirteen years of flooding, he passed by his own family's doorstep three times, but each time he did not return inside his own home. The first time he passed, he heard that his wife was in labor. The second time he passed by, his son could already call out to his father. His family urged him to return home, but he said it was impossible as the flood was still going on. The third time Yu was passing by, his son was more than ten years old. Each time, Yu refused to go in the door, saying that as the flood was rendering countless number of people homeless, he could not rest.
1007:
1021:
517:
1223:
1065:(6th century) in his honor. It is located four kilometers southeast of Shaoxing city. Most of the structure was rebuilt many times in later periods. The three main parts of the mausoleum are the tomb, temple, and memorial of Yu. Sima Qian once "went to Kuaiji and explored the cave of Yu". The tomb faces east and west and has a grate gate, a canal and a pavilion for the Great Yu Tomb. In many statues he is seen carrying a hoe. A number of emperors in imperial times traveled there to perform ceremonies in his honor, notably
698:
827:
719:, the Chinese heartland was frequently plagued by floods that prevented further economic and social development. Yu's father, Gun, was tasked with devising a system to control the flooding. He spent more than nine years building a series of dikes and dams along the riverbanks, but all of this was ineffective, despite (or because of) the great number and size of these dikes and the use of a special
61:
837:, who reigned after Yao, was so impressed by Yu's engineering work and diligence that he passed the throne to Yu instead of to his own son. Yu is said to have initially declined the throne, but was so popular with other local lords and chiefs that he agreed to become the new emperor, at age 53. He established a capital at Anyi (
1237:
1093:
and their control over water. According to this theory, Yu was represented on ceremonial bronzes by the early Xia people, and by the beginning of the Zhou dynasty, the legendary figure had morphed into the first man, who could control water, and it was only during the Zhou
Dynasty that the legendary
1108:. This coincides with new cultures all along the Yellow River. The water control problems after the initial flooding could plausibly have lasted for some twenty years. Wu and coauthors suggest that this supports the idea that the stories of Yu the Great may have originated from a historical person.
1081:
dynasty—nearly a millennium after the traditional dating of his reign. What was eventually recorded in historiography consists of myth and legend. No inscriptions on artifacts dated to the supposed era of Yu, or the later oracle bones, contain any mention of him. The first archeological evidence of
792:
Traditional stories say that Yu sacrificed a great deal of his body to control the floods. For example, his hands were said to be thickly calloused, and his feet were completely covered with calluses. In one common story, Yu had only been married four days when he was given the task of fighting the
734:
which relieved floodwater into fields, as well as spending great effort dredging the riverbeds. Yu is said to have eaten and slept with the common workers and spent most of his time personally assisting the work of dredging the silty beds of the rivers for the thirteen years the projects took to
408:—the oldest known form of writing in China—by nearly a millennium. Yu's name was not inscribed on any artifacts which were produced during the proposed era in which he lived, nor was it inscribed on the later oracle bones; his name was first inscribed on vessels which date to the
977:
rebelled under their leader, but he treated them harshly and so many abandoned him. He fought with Yu, who had the intention to kill him, but after defeating him spared him and reformed him for 3 years. He became wise and ruled well and the people returned. The
753:
along the Yellow River had a very narrow channel which blocked water from flowing freely east toward the ocean. Yu is said to have brought a large number of workers to open up this channel, which has been known ever since as "Yu's
Gateway"
1712:: "禹爲姒姓，其後分封，用國爲姓，故有夏后氏、有扈氏、有男氏、斟尋氏、彤城氏、襃氏、費氏、杞氏、繒氏、辛氏、冥氏、斟戈氏/斟灌氏" translation: "Yu was surnamed Si, he later was enfeoffed used the nation as surname. Thence have the surnames: Xiahou, Youhu, Younan, Zhenxun, Tongcheng, Bao, Fei,
730:, a semi-mythical agricultural master, Yu successfully devised a system of flood controls that were crucial in establishing the prosperity of the Chinese heartland. Instead of directly damming the rivers' flow, Yu made a system of
2770:
2739:
785:
in the Yellow River by cutting a mountain ridge with a divine battle-axe to control flooding. This is perhaps a reference to a meteorite stone—something hard enough to etch away at the hard bedrock of
1116:
2763:
739:, and other waterways of the Chinese heartland. The project earned Yu renown throughout Chinese history, and is referred to in Chinese history as "Great Yu Controls the Waters" (
1089:
of historiography theorized that Yu was not a person in the earliest legends, but rather a god or mythical beast who was connected with water, and possibly with the mythical
1699:
2756:
2703:
1654:
723:. As an adult, Yu continued his father's work and made a careful study of the river systems in an attempt to learn why his father's great efforts had failed.
2735:
2960:
1624:
2271:
Wu, Qinglong; Zhao, Zhijun; Li, Liu; et al. (2016). "Outburst flood at 1920 BCE supports historicity of China's Great Flood and the Xia dynasty".
1077:
There is no evidence suggesting the existence of Yu as a historical figure until several centuries after the invention of writing in China, during the
1250:
2117:
2980:
2532:
2719:
2089:
2050:
2027:
1975:
1858:
1374:
1323:
1754:
2691:
2687:
2679:
2215:
1602:
2325:
2780:
2180:
2151:
1094:
figures that now precede Yu were added to the orthodox legendary lineage. According to the
Chinese legend Yu the Great was a man-god.
1006:
2970:
2452:
2400:
2081:
2019:
1992:
1967:
1885:
1508:
1296:
2683:
2675:
675:
A separate legend of Yu's birth is attested in an excavated manuscript, the provenance of which is provisionally assigned to the
462:
1313:
2945:
735:
complete. The dredging and irrigation were successful, and allowed ancient
Chinese culture to flourish along the Yellow River,
1544:
1448:
1020:
669:
320:
235:
373:, and for his upright moral character. He figures prominently in the Chinese legend titled "Great Yu Controls the Waters" (
2715:
647:. Yu was described as a credulous, hard working, quick witted person with morals. He later married a woman from Mount Tu (
596:, Sichuan, Yu was said to have been potentially born there, though there are debates as to whether he was born instead in
571:
1729:
1062:
370:
2955:
1681:
1651:
516:
2975:
2525:
1098:
872:
773:(4th century AD), Yu is assisted in his work by a yellow dragon and a black turtle (not necessarily related to the
1696:
2965:
1893:
1086:
905:
569:, quoting Lord Yu Imperial Lineage, stated that Yu's father Gun was a five-generation-descendant of Zhuanxu. The
1880:. SUNY series in Chinese philosophy and culture. State University of New York Press. pp. 104–105, 191–192.
1479:
387:
and other
Chinese teachers. He is one of the few Chinese monarchs who is posthumously honored with the epithet "
2667:
2494:
1213:
1201:
1806:(2009). "Not the Lun Yu: The Chu Script Bamboo Slip Manuscript, Zigao, and the Nature of Early Confucianism".
1621:
947:). Either way there were nine divisions. Once he had received bronze from these nine territories, he created
2860:
2659:
1125:
531:
138:
2358:
1182:
His personal name is written identically to a
Chinese surname, a simplification of the minor polity of Yu (
2731:
2727:
2723:
2711:
2707:
2699:
2663:
901:
889:
877:
786:
750:
328:
1987:
Bjaaland Welch, Patricia. (2008). Chinese art: a guide to motifs and visual imagery. Tuttle
Publishing.
1055:, while on a hunting tour to the eastern frontier of his empire, and was buried there. The Yu Mausoleum (
2695:
2671:
2655:
2518:
1168:
954:
821:
676:
37:
33:
854:
Yu's flood control work is said to have made him intimately familiar with all regions of what was then
2127:
2950:
2280:
1853:. Studies in rhetoric communication. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. pp. 46–47.
1284:
697:
692:
664:
The location of Mount Tu has always been disputed. The two most probable locations are Mount Tu in
485:
400:. Yu is said to have ruled as sage-king during the late 3rd millennium BC, which predates the
619:
290:
2304:
2253:
1851:
Rhetoric in ancient China, fifth to third century BCE: a comparison with classical Greek rhetoric
1831:
1823:
1746:
731:
401:
271:
263:
579:; 'White Horse') was the son of Luoming, who in turn was the son of the Yellow Emperor.
2448:
2396:
2296:
2211:
2085:
2077:
2046:
2023:
2015:
1988:
1971:
1963:
1881:
1854:
1440:
1370:
1364:
1319:
1292:
1280:
969:
866:
778:
764:
123:
2322:
2288:
2245:
1815:
1242:
1172:
1137:
1121:
191:
168:
2190:
2159:
1159:
Owing to his involvement in China's mythical Great Flood, Yu also came to be regarded as a
2329:
1758:
1733:
1703:
1685:
1658:
1628:
1548:
1512:
1483:
1452:
851:
and founded what would be called the Xia, traditionally considered China's first dynasty.
593:
524:
501:
212:
2284:
826:
622:, later Xia after the state he was enfeoffed with, while his personal name was Wenming (
383:). Yu and other sage-kings of ancient China were lauded for their virtues and morals by
2887:
2844:
1607:[Classic of Mountains and Seas] (in Literary Chinese) – via Wikisource.
817:
774:
680:
560:
493:
643:. Yu is thus believed to have grown up on the slopes of Mount Song, just south of the
2939:
2748:
2308:
1835:
1398:
1066:
980:
949:
917:
909:
897:
893:
885:
429:
405:
394:
There is no contemporary evidence of Yu's existence as traditionally attested in the
362:
358:
2922:
2911:
2608:
2573:
2487:
2348:
1541:
1445:
1228:
1193:
1176:
1078:
1048:
881:
834:
683:
plant, and gave birth to him through her back after a three-year gestation period.
644:
409:
280:
198:
108:
84:
2040:
1875:
830:
Map showing the Nine provinces defined by Yu the Great during the legendary flood
2918:
2907:
2903:
2864:
2836:
2593:
2588:
2542:
2471:
1803:
1160:
1090:
974:
716:
636:
565:
520:
469:
456:
366:
313:
74:
1428:
The
Palaungic Languages: Classification, Reconstruction and Comparative Lexicon
534:, a kind of mythical fish, though they differed on Gun's origins. According to
2899:
2633:
2623:
2613:
2598:
2583:
2568:
2249:
1819:
1713:
1218:
1197:
1149:
844:
679:. In this legend, Yu's mother became pregnant after consuming the grains of a
640:
2418:
1726:
2628:
2578:
2558:
2502:
2410:
2292:
1808:
Bulletin of the School of
Oriental and African Studies, University of London
1486:
quote: "禹之父曰鯀，鯀之父曰帝顓頊，顓頊之父曰昌意，昌意之父曰黃帝。禹者，黃帝之玄孫而帝顓頊之孫也。禹之曾大父昌意及父鯀皆不得在帝位，為人臣。"
1082:
Yu comes from vessels made about a thousand years after his supposed death.
782:
769:
736:
658:
583:
535:
388:
384:
228:
128:
94:
60:
2510:
2300:
1678:
1505:
2852:
2840:
2832:
2805:
2618:
2603:
2563:
2414:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1189:
1145:
1141:
1052:
985:
964:
926:
801:
797:
639:
enfeoffed Gun as lord of Chong, usually identified as the middle peak of
249:
148:
65:
2257:
1827:
2895:
2891:
2872:
2856:
2828:
2824:
2793:
1390:
1153:
922:
860:
813:
597:
556:
552:
287:
2880:
2868:
2820:
2812:
2797:
2384:
1565:
1495:
1476:
1164:
1129:
855:
848:
727:
720:
17:
988:, one of the northern leaders, to reinforce his hold on the throne.
2395:] (in Chinese) (Illust. student ed.). Intelligence Press.
2876:
1708:
1260:
1115:
1037:, Yu ruled the Xia Dynasty for forty-five years and, according to
825:
696:
665:
540:
515:
396:
2816:
2801:
2352:
1255:
931:
2752:
2514:
935:
there was no
Qingzhou or Liangzhou, instead there was Youzhou (
1394:
530:
Transmitted sources uniformly asserted that Yu was the son of
361:
who was credited with "the first successful state efforts at
295:
2236:
Cook, Constance A. (2013). "Sage King Yu 禹 and the Bin Gong
563:, Changyi and Gun being mere officials, not emperors. The
2439:[Ancient times to the Spring and Autumn period].
479:
325:
268:
254:
240:
1892:(especially, notes 90 and 97). The relevant text is in
1047:), he died from an illness. It is said that he died at
921:, there was no Xuzhou or Liangzhou, instead there were
32:"Da Yu" and "Ta Yu" redirect here. For other uses, see
1318:(3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 97.
468:
Historical linguist Axel Schuessler reconstructs the
217:
203:
1315:
The Great Encounter of China and the West, 1500–1800
1291:(2nd ed.). Indianapolis: Hackett. p. 383.
1136:Yu was long regarded as an ideal ruler and kind of
319:
312:
286:
279:
262:
248:
234:
227:
211:
197:
190:
185:
167:
162:
144:
134:
122:
114:
104:
100:
90:
80:
73:
45:
763:In a retold version of this story as presented in
999:Mausoleum for Yu the Great in Shaoxing, Zhejiang
2045:. Translated by Palmer, Martin. Penguin. 2014.
1814:(1). Cambridge University Press: 132–133, 145.
1196:forward after Yu was conquered by the state of
781:). Another local myth says that Yu created the
657:; 'Lady Tushan'). They had a son named
2764:
2526:
2430:(in Literary Chinese) – via Wikisource.
2333:
2071:
2065:
2010:
2004:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1897:
1748:
1632:
1499:
1183:
1056:
1042:
958:
942:
936:
838:
755:
653:) who is generally referred to as Tushanshi (
648:
623:
613:
607:
601:
587:
473:
444:
173:
49:
8:
2112:
2110:
1786:
1784:
1782:
2447:] (in Chinese). Zhonghua Book Company.
957:. Yu then established his capital at Yang (
575:stated that Yu's father Gun (also known as
2771:
2757:
2749:
2533:
2519:
2511:
2462:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1415:ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese
1403:(in Literary Chinese) – via Zdic 漢典.
711:, housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art
182:
59:
42:
2244:. 35/36. Cambridge University Press: 77.
870:, Yu divided the Chinese world into nine
661:, a name literally meaning "revelation".
2146:
2144:
1289:Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy
551:), Yu's father was Gun, grandfather was
1528:
1350:
1338:
1272:
1251:Family tree of ancient Chinese emperors
2100:
2098:
559:, and great-great-grandfather was the
270:
1946:Zong-guok Man-faa Bui-ging Bat-cin Ci
1934:
1932:
1417:. University of Hawai'i Press. p. 588
1061:) known today was first built in the
7:
2357:, Tainan: Grand Matsu Temple, 2007,
1923:
1911:
1790:
843:), the ruins of which are in modern
2042:The Most Venerable Book (Shang Shu)
1716:, Zeng, Xin, Ming, Zhenge/Zhenguan"
1179:as protectors of ships in transit.
1173:"Five Kings of the Water Immortals"
1101:on the Yellow River has been dated
1099:large outburst flood at Jishi Gorge
1085:During the early 20th century, the
440:) gives the earliest definition of
2961:People whose existence is disputed
2781:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
2189:. 19 November 2009. Archived from
1776:禹爲人敏給克勤；其惪不違，其仁可親，其言可信；聲爲律，身爲度，稱以出
1366:A Companion to Chinese Archaeology
25:
2652:The Xia rulers are semi-legendary
1773:
1674:
1578:"on Regulations and Calendars B""
1472:
600:. Yu's mother was of the Youxin (
1430:. München: Lincom Europa. p. 103
1369:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 317.
1363:Underhill, Anne P., ed. (2013).
1235:
1221:
1154:made claims to be his birthplace
1019:
1005:
419: – 771 BC).
2361:from the original on 2020-09-20
2218:from the original on 2022-12-06
1455:quote: "鯀：《唐韻》《集韻》《正韻》𠀤古本切，音袞。
804:, a nine-headed snake monster.
450:
326:
296:
269:
255:
241:
2425:Records of the Grand Historian
1877:The flood myths of early China
1588:] (in Literary Chinese).
745:
670:Southern Mountain of Chongqing
379:
218:
204:
174:
1:
2981:Classic of Mountains and Seas
2704:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2387:; Gong Shuduo (龔書鐸) (2003).
1727:"Annals of the Five Emperors"
1102:
1097:Archaeological evidence of a
705:
635:When Yu was a child, Emperor
572:Classic of Mountains and Seas
545:
461:radical: 'bug', 'reptile'; a
434:
413:
2435:Wang Hengwei (王恆偉) (2006).
1496:Book of Generations' Origins
1122:kings of the water immortals
1063:Northern and Southern period
858:territory. According to his
701:Yu as depicted in the album
606:) clan, named either Nüzhi (
484:, and compares it to either
480:
365:", his establishment of the
27:Xia Dynasty king and founder
1874:Lewis, Mark Edward (2006).
1312:Mungello, David E. (2009).
2997:
1706:on "Annals of Xia" in the
1553:Xia dynasty brief history.
1192:. Its people carried this
811:
690:
523:depiction of Yu, from the
31:
2788:
2649:
2640:
2549:
2499:
2492:
2484:
2479:
2465:
2334:
2250:10.1017/S0362502800000444
2104:Bamboo Annals Xia chapter
2072:
2066:
2011:
2005:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1898:
1820:10.1017/S0041977X0900007X
1749:
1633:
1500:
1413:Schuessler, Axel (2007).
1184:
1087:Doubting Antiquity School
1057:
1043:
959:
943:
937:
876:or provinces. These were
839:
756:
740:
668:, and the Tu Peak of the
654:
649:
624:
614:
608:
602:
588:
576:
474:
445:
374:
344:
340:
181:
158:
154:
58:
50:
2971:Kings of the Xia dynasty
2445:Chinese history lectures
2440:
2436:
2427:
2419:
2388:
2338:Retrieved on 2010-09-26.
2186:
2181:
2156:China Information Center
2118:
1665:Retrieved on 2010-09-18.
1641:Retrieved on 2010-09-18.
1608:
1603:
1589:
1581:
1555:Retrieved on 2010-09-18.
1214:List of Chinese monarchs
1202:Spring and Autumn period
1171:. He is the head of the
1140:by the ancient Chinese.
586:at Shiniu of Mount Wen (
555:, great-grandfather was
357:was a legendary king in
2293:10.1126/science.aaf0842
2073:中國上古史專題研究. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司
1995:, 9780804838641. p 262.
1764:. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
1750:大禹三过家门而不入与洪湖抗洪十字歌的精神浅谈.
1051:, south of present-day
929:, but according to the
703:Portraits of Famous Men
512:Ancestry and early life
500:'insect' (further from
75:King of the Xia dynasty
2946:Pre-Xia Chinese people
2321:Sichuan.scol.com.cn. "
1955:Seong Mou Jan Syu Gwun
1697:Sima Qian's discussion
1459:又《書·堯典》於，鯀哉。《傳》鯀，崇伯之名。
1426:Sidwell, Paul (2015).
1175:honored in shrines in
1133:
831:
712:
582:Yu's father, Gun, was
527:
371:dynastic rule in China
2885:Five Primal Emperors:
1529:Dai & Gong (2003)
1351:Dai & Gong (2003)
1339:Dai & Gong (2003)
1169:Chinese folk religion
1119:
967:). It is said in the
955:Nine Tripod Cauldrons
829:
822:Nine Tripod Cauldrons
796:Yu supposedly killed
700:
677:Warring States period
519:
404:used during the late
38:Tayu (disambiguation)
34:Dayu (disambiguation)
2916:Three Perfect Kings:
2335:发现西羌古道有关遗迹大禹故乡迷雾更浓 .
1894:Shi Yi Ji, Chapter 2
1285:Van Norden, Bryan W.
1152:in Sichuan have all
715:During the reign of
628:), according to the
369:, which inaugurated
321:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
2810:Three Exalted Ones:
2285:2016Sci...353..579W
1745:Hubeiwater.gov.cn.
1124:in a shrine at the
1106: 1920 BC
953:vessels called the
726:Collaborating with
721:self-expanding soil
693:Great Flood (China)
618:). His surname was
492:'bee', 'honey', or
486:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
2956:Legendary monarchs
2349:"Shuexian Deities"
2328:2011-07-07 at the
2012:中國早期國家性質. 知書房出版集團.
1757:2011-07-07 at the
1747:Hubeiwater.gov.cn
1732:2022-05-10 at the
1702:2021-12-27 at the
1684:2021-07-09 at the
1657:2011-07-07 at the
1627:2011-07-18 at the
1609:黄帝生駱明，駱明生白馬，白馬是為鯀。
1547:2011-07-18 at the
1511:2020-11-11 at the
1482:2021-07-09 at the
1451:2021-12-06 at the
1281:Ivanhoe, Philip J.
1134:
1120:Yu and his fellow
832:
749:). In particular,
713:
687:Great Flood legend
528:
438: 121 AD
402:oracle bone script
2976:Founding monarchs
2933:
2932:
2746:
2745:
2509:
2508:
2500:Succeeded by
2279:(6299): 579–582.
2273:Science (Journal)
2090:978-957-11-1290-9
2052:978-0-14-119746-3
2028:978-986-7938-17-6
1976:978-962-07-1846-5
1860:978-1-57003-216-5
1849:Lu, Xing (1998).
1590:伯禹帝系曰，顓頊五世而生鯀，鯀生禹
1441:Kangxi Dictionary
1376:978-1-4443-3529-3
1325:978-0-7425-5798-7
1188:) in present-day
1033:According to the
970:Book of Documents
915:According to the
867:Book of Documents
779:Chinese mythology
732:irrigation canals
592:), in modern-day
549: 90 BC
472:pronunciation of
348:
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236:Yale Romanization
192:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
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2124:Chinaculture.org
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1736:"帝禹為夏后而別氏，姓姒氏。"
1734:Wayback Machine
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1477:"Annals of Xia"
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1457:《說文》魚也。《玉篇》大魚也。
1453:Wayback Machine
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1899:黃龍曳尾於前，玄龜負青泥於後
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746:Dà Yǔ zhì shuǐ
691:Main article:
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561:Yellow Emperor
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2495:King of China
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2467:Yu the Great
2464:
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2454:962-8885-24-3
2450:
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2402:962-8792-80-6
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2354:Official site
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2193:on 2011-07-07
2192:
2184:
2182:治水英雄大禹的葬地：大禹陵
2176:
2173:
2162:on 2012-07-17
2161:
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2147:
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2130:on 2010-09-11
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2017:
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1968:962-07-1846-1
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1953:. Hong Kong:
1947:
1938:Ng Saam-sing
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1446:"魚 radical 7"
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1400:Shuowen Jiezi
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1035:Bamboo Annals
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981:Bamboo Annals
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918:Rites of Zhou
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787:Mount Longmen
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406:Shang dynasty
403:
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372:
368:
364:
363:flood control
360:
359:ancient China
356:
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2890:(Huangdi) ·
2884:
2850:Four Perils:
2849:
2809:
2808:
2790:
2779:
2692:N. Dynasties
2688:S. Dynasties
2651:
2554:Yu the Great
2553:
2493:
2488:Emperor Shun
2470:
2444:
2424:
2392:
2389:中國通史. 史前夏商西周
2363:, retrieved
2353:
2343:
2317:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2220:. Retrieved
2206:
2195:. Retrieved
2191:the original
2175:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:the original
2155:
2132:. Retrieved
2128:the original
2123:
2061:
2041:
2035:
2000:
1983:
1954:
1945:
1926:, p. 21
1919:
1914:, p. 19
1907:
1876:
1869:
1850:
1844:
1811:
1807:
1804:Allan, Sarah
1798:
1793:, p. 18
1769:
1761:
1741:
1721:
1707:
1692:
1670:
1662:
1646:
1638:
1634:四川省汶川縣情及人文地理
1616:
1597:
1585:
1560:
1552:
1536:
1531:, p. 38
1491:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1422:
1414:
1409:
1399:
1385:
1365:
1358:
1353:, p. 36
1346:
1341:, p. 40
1334:
1314:
1307:
1288:
1275:
1229:China portal
1194:lineage name
1181:
1177:Mazu temples
1158:
1135:
1096:
1091:Dragon Kings
1084:
1079:Western Zhou
1076:
1049:Mount Kuaiji
1038:
1034:
1032:
979:
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930:
916:
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871:
865:
859:
853:
847:in southern
835:Emperor Shun
833:
800:'s minister
795:
791:
768:
762:
744:
725:
714:
702:
674:
663:
645:Yellow River
634:
629:
581:
570:
564:
539:
529:
505:
497:
489:
467:
441:
428:
426:
410:Western Zhou
395:
393:
378:
354:
351:Yu the Great
350:
349:
281:Southern Min
199:Hanyu Pinyin
163:Chinese name
109:Mount Kuaiji
46:Yu the Great
29:
2951:Flood myths
2791:Four Clans:
2684:16 Kingdoms
2543:Xia dynasty
2472:Xia dynasty
2323:Scol.com.cn
2242:Early China
2070:. (1996).
2009:. (2003).
1924:Wang (2006)
1912:Wang (2006)
1791:Wang (2006)
1652:Scta.gov.cn
1586:Book of Han
1200:during the
1161:water deity
1073:Historicity
975:Miao people
717:Emperor Yao
709: 1900
681:Job's tears
612:) or Nüxi (
566:Book of Han
521:Han dynasty
470:Old Chinese
417: 1045
367:Xia dynasty
329:lˤat-sɢʷraʔ
314:Old Chinese
118:Lady Tushan
81:Predecessor
2940:Categories
2847:(Huangdi)
2676:3 Kingdoms
2569:Zhong Kang
2411:Sima, Qian
2365:2016-12-05
2222:2022-12-06
2197:2010-09-26
2166:2010-09-26
2134:2010-09-26
1944:. (2008).
1679:"夏禹，名曰文命。"
1542:Zynews.com
1444:, vol. 15
1267:References
1150:Dujiangyan
1039:Yue Jueshu
845:Xia County
641:Mount Song
494:Proto-Waic
463:pictograph
449:under the
256:Daai6 Jyu5
213:Wade–Giles
2579:Shao Kang
2415:Sima, Tan
2309:206646492
1959:商務印書館(香港)
1950:中國文化背景八千詞
1836:162500383
1762:(Chinese)
1663:(Chinese)
1639:(Chinese)
1574:Ban, Biao
1570:Ban, Zhao
1463:《廣韻》亦作鮌。"
1393:(2009) .
992:Mausoleum
973:that the
963:, modern
906:Liangzhou
783:Sanmenxia
770:Shi Yi Ji
737:Wei River
584:enfeoffed
536:Sima Qian
389:the Great
385:Confucius
242:Daaih Yúh
129:Qi of Xia
91:Successor
2853:Gonggong
2841:Gonggong
2833:Shennong
2806:Shennong
2619:Kong Jia
2604:Bu Jiang
2564:Tai Kang
2359:archived
2326:Archived
2301:27493183
2258:24392401
2216:Archived
2092:. p 392.
1828:40378848
1755:Archived
1730:Archived
1700:Archived
1682:Archived
1655:Archived
1625:Archived
1545:Archived
1509:Archived
1480:Archived
1461:《釋文》禹父也。
1449:Archived
1391:Xu, Shen
1287:(2005).
1208:See also
1190:Shandong
1146:Wenchuan
1142:Beichuan
1132:, Taiwan
1053:Shaoxing
986:Fangfeng
965:Dengfeng
927:Bingzhou
910:Yongzhou
898:Jingzhou
894:Yangzhou
886:Qingzhou
802:Xiangliu
798:Gonggong
765:Wang Jia
451:⽱
412:period (
250:Jyutping
66:Song-era
2896:Zhuanxu
2892:Shaohao
2873:Qiongqi
2865:Sanmiao
2857:Huandou
2829:Zhurong
2794:Youchao
2385:Dai, Yi
2377:Sources
2281:Bibcode
1978:. p 37.
1902:", etc.
1566:Ban, Gu
923:Youzhou
882:Yanzhou
861:Yu Gong
814:Yu Gong
598:Shifang
557:Changyi
553:Zhuanxu
453:
288:Hokkien
169:Chinese
2881:Taotie
2869:Hundun
2821:Taihao
2813:Suiren
2798:Suiren
2716:W. Xia
2451:
2441:中國歷史講堂
2399:
2307:
2299:
2256:
2240:豳公盪".
2088:
2080:
2049:
2026:
2018:
1991:
1974:
1966:
1884:
1857:
1834:
1826:
1725:Shiji
1373:
1322:
1295:
1165:Taoism
1148:, and
1130:Tainan
1112:Legacy
908:, and
902:Yuzhou
890:Xuzhou
878:Jizhou
856:Huaxia
849:Shanxi
820:, and
728:Hou Ji
145:Mother
135:Father
115:Spouse
2877:Taowu
2837:Yandi
2660:Shang
2609:Jiong
2574:Xiang
2443:[
2437:遠古至春秋
2420:燕召公世家
2391:[
2305:S2CID
2254:JSTOR
1832:S2CID
1824:JSTOR
1774:Shiji
1709:Shiji
1675:Shiji
1584:[
1506:"Xia"
1473:Shiji
1261:Rishu
666:Anhui
630:Shiji
541:Shiji
457:TRACK
397:Shiji
303:Tāi-ú
300:Tāi-í
220:Ta Yü
205:Dà Yǔ
149:Nüzhi
124:Issue
18:Ta Yü
2923:Shun
2912:Shun
2825:Nüwa
2817:Fuxi
2802:Fuxi
2732:Qing
2728:Ming
2724:Yuan
2712:Song
2708:Liao
2700:Tang
2664:Zhou
2594:Mang
2589:Huai
2449:ISBN
2397:ISBN
2297:PMID
2187:旅游頻道
2119:大禹祭典
2086:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2047:ISBN
2024:ISBN
2016:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1972:ISBN
1964:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1293:ISBN
1256:Yubu
1167:and
950:ding
932:Erya
925:and
873:zhou
741:大禹治水
506:ʋaːk
481:*waʔ
427:The
423:Name
375:大禹治水
105:Died
85:Shun
36:and
2919:Yao
2908:Yao
2904:Zhi
2861:Gun
2740:PRC
2736:ROC
2720:Jīn
2696:Sui
2680:Jìn
2672:Han
2668:Qin
2656:Xia
2634:Jie
2624:Gao
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2599:Xie
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2332:."
2289:doi
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2246:doi
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2067:王仲孚
2006:李玉潔
1941:吾三省
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1816:doi
1661:."
1631:."
1604:山海經
1580:.
1551:."
1395:"禹"
1163:in
1128:in
1058:大禹陵
1044:越絕書
777:in
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760:).
757:禹門口
655:塗山氏
637:Yao
603:有莘氏
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532:Gun
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490:was
478:as
391:".
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264:IPA
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2925:·
2921:·
2910:·
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2898:·
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2800:·
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