287:. It grows up to 20 metres (66 ft) tall, although the height is partially dependent on the habitat. Trees living in secondary growth areas, forest edges and pastures are generally shorter but broader than those in forests. The flowers are yellow, and may appear at different times of the year depending on the location. Foster and McDiarmid found that the slow growing fruit is about 7 to 10 centimetres (2.8 to 3.9 in) long and weighs an average of about 143 grams (5.0 oz). The fruit is enclosed in a woody
46:
33:
338:, when the most of the fruit ripens and when insects are relatively scarce. Its seeds are dispersed primarily by birds. A study by McDiarmid, Ricklefs and Foster found that birds also help the seeds
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which represents more than three-quarters of the fruit's weight. When the fruit is open, a slit forms in the husk permitting access to the
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Fragaszy, D.; Visalberghi, E. & Fedigan, L. (2004). "Life
History and Demography".
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243:, comes from the oval shape of the tree's hanging fruit. It is native to
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419:"Dispersal of Stemmadenia donnell-smithii (Apocynaceae) by Birds"
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16:
Species of flowering plant in the dog bane family
Apocynaceae
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lives in a variety of habitats, including various types of
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commonly known as the horse balls tree. In
Spanish, it is
484:. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad. Archived from
417:
McDiarmid, R.M.; Rickefs, R.E.; Foster, M.S. (1977).
578:
334:birds eat the fruits opportunistically late in the
8:
390:"World Checklist of Selected Plant Families"
529:Foster, M.S. & McDiarmid, R.M. (1983).
412:
410:
408:
406:
310:, and the seeds are eaten by birds such as
211:is an evergreen tree in the dogbane family
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558:. Cambridge University Press. p. 262.
536:. University of Chicago Press. Janzen, J.H
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364:. The seeds contain the alkaloids
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702:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:244343-2
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610:Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii
300:Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii
295:, each of which covers a seed.
277:Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii
265:Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii
208:Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii
172:Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii
25:Tabernaemontana donnell-smithii
1:
531:"Costa Rican Natural History"
482:"Stemmadenia donnell-smithii"
580:Stemmadenia donnell-smithii
346:from the seeds and also by
194:Stemmadenia donnell-smithii
812:
302:is eaten by birds such as
197:(Rose ex J.D.Sm.) Woodson
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168:
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41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
766:Flora of Central America
751:Plants described in 1893
342:, both by removing the
283:, the forest edge, and
154:T. donnell-smithii
353:The bark contains the
270:Tabernaemontana glabra
257:San Felipe, Retalhuleu
556:The Complete Capuchin
308:white-headed capuchin
771:Flora of Costa Rica
791:Flora of Nicaragua
776:Flora of Guatemala
330:. Many primarily
796:Flora of Honduras
738:
737:
572:Taxon identifiers
241:huevos de caballo
218:huevos de caballo
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786:Flora of Belize
781:Flora of Panama
761:Flora of Mexico
756:Tabernaemontana
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249:Central America
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178:Rose ex J.D.Sm.
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141:Tabernaemontana
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488:on 2012-12-16
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253:type locality
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239:. The name,
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230:cojón de mico
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163:Binomial name
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538:. Retrieved
490:. Retrieved
486:the original
457:. Retrieved
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393:. Retrieved
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366:coronaridine
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658:iNaturalist
604:Wikispecies
432:(1): 9–25.
370:tabersonine
350:the seeds.
328:woodpeckers
312:flycatchers
213:Apocynaceae
130:Apocynaceae
120:Gentianales
84:Angiosperms
745:Categories
689:kew-196989
684:Plant List
540:2012-05-17
492:2012-05-18
459:2012-05-17
426:Biotropica
376:References
348:scarifying
336:dry season
446:0006-3606
362:voacamine
355:alkaloids
340:germinate
261:Guatemala
148:Species:
54:Kingdom:
710:Tropicos
676:244343-2
595:Q9079781
589:Wikidata
324:manakins
285:pastures
185:Synonyms
126:Family:
110:Asterids
97:Eudicots
715:1800556
637:3621533
454:2387855
395:May 17,
316:motmots
304:parrots
236:cojotón
136:Genus:
116:Order:
58:Plantae
663:210053
650:102258
452:
444:
281:forest
251:. The
245:Mexico
624:4ZSDP
534:(PDF)
450:JSTOR
422:(PDF)
344:arils
293:arils
233:, or
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
697:POWO
671:IPNI
645:GRIN
632:GBIF
442:ISSN
397:2014
368:and
360:and
326:and
289:husk
247:and
723:WFO
619:CoL
434:doi
263:.
259:in
255:is
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501:^
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405:^
372:.
322:,
318:,
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543:.
495:.
462:.
436::
430:1
399:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
