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Although various definitions can be found in the scientific literature, tafoni are commonly defined as small (less than 1 cm (0.39 in)) to large (greater than 1 meter (3.3 ft)) cavity features that develop in either natural or manmade, vertical to steeply sloping, exposures of granular
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Many explanations have been proposed for the origin of tafoni. They include marine abrasion; wind corrosion; mechanical weathering resulting from short-term temperature variations; chemical weathering of the interior of the rock
166:. They can be found in all climate types, but are most prolific in salt-rich environments, such as deserts and coastal zones. They have been found across the Earth, with dramatic forms found in the
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223:) followed by mechanical removal of the softened material; biogeochemical weathering by lichens; temperature variations acting on salt efflorescence in coastal regions; and
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206:. The common factors in the environments in which they are found are high salt concentrations and frequent or occasional desiccating conditions.
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rock (i.e., granite, sandstone) with smooth concave walls, and often round rims and openings. Recognized subcategories of tafoni include
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Tafoni often occur in groups that can riddle a hillside, cliff, or other rock formation. They typically develop in
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Comprehensive explanation of tafoni, explanations of how they form, images, references
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Academic Press, San Diego, CA, vol. 4, Weathering and Soils
Geomorphology, pp.111–126.
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Origin and development of tafoni in tunnel spring tuff, Crystal Peak, Utah, USA.
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Small to large indentations in vertical to steeply sloping granular rock
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Cavernous weathering, dynamical instability and self‐organization.
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470:"Le peuple appelle ces cavités, quand elles sont petites, des
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In: Shroder, J. (Editor in Chief), Pope, G.A., (Ed.),
540:Gallery of tafoni along California's Central Coast
480:(People call these cavities, when they're small,
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151:), rock types. They also have been observed in
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127:. The earliest known publication of the term
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497:Turkington, A.V. and Phillips, J.D., 2004.
459:Bulletin de la Société géologique de France
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257:Tafoni formation in the mountains near
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513:McBride, E.F. and Picard, M.D., 2000.
474: ; quand elles sont grandes, des
346:'s east harbor, near the mouth of the
76:. It is also commonly synonymous with
60:(less than 2 cm (0.79 in)),
518:Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
502:Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
394:Tafoni in conglomerate rock, Corsica.
91:is unclear. Tafoni may come from the
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382:Tafoni in the mountains of Corsica.
342:(Hat Rock), found on the shore of
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465: : 53-67 ; see p. 65.
451:Notes sur la géologie de la Corse
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455:Notes on the geology of Corsica
370:Tafoni on the shore of Corsica.
275:Tafoni in sandstone, Südpfalz,
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434:Tafoni and other rock basins.
484: ; when they're large,
219:) under a protective crust (
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449:Hans Henrik Reusch (1882)
438:Treatise on Geomorphology.
338:Tafoni formations, named
317:sandstone, Timna Valley,
143:, either coarse-grained (
29:Sonoma County, California
103:, or it may stem from a
432:Paradise, T.R., 2013.
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352:South Jeolla Province
25:Salt Point State Park
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560:Weathering landforms
520:, 25(8), pp.869-879.
504:, 29(6), pp.665-675.
406:Honeycomb weathering
78:nido d’ape roccioso
198:, and even in the
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296:Tafoni at Elgol,
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534:www.tafoni.com
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528:External links
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313:Tafoni in a
298:Isle of Skye
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202:regions and
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135:Distribution
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125:to perforate
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467:From p. 65:
356:South Korea
180:Thar Desert
174:section of
38:(singular:
549:Categories
413:References
242:Antarctica
204:Antarctica
192:California
190:, Coastal
153:lacustrine
119:, or from
23:Tafoni at
196:Australia
145:sandstone
141:siliceous
111:word for
85:etymology
54:stonelace
49:honeycomb
400:See also
321:Desert,
315:Cambrian
123:meaning
121:tafonare
109:Sicilian
105:Corsican
62:sidewall
58:alveolar
340:Gatbawi
281:Germany
168:Jodhpur
149:granite
117:taffoni
482:tafoni
476:grotte
472:tafoni
323:Israel
210:Origin
200:Arctic
194:, and
188:Jordan
162:, and
129:tafoni
97:taphos
89:tafoni
72:, and
70:nested
40:tafone
36:Tafoni
486:caves
344:Mokpo
319:Negev
184:Petra
176:India
172:Ajmer
160:tuffs
156:silts
113:holes
95:word
93:Greek
66:basal
101:tomb
83:The
457:),
178:'s
107:or
551::
488:.)
478:."
463:11
421:^
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453:(
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