Niddah - Knowledge (XXG)

3344: 3405:‎ = lit. "cessation of purification"), during which time she checks herself to verify that all uterine bleeding has indeed stopped. This is done by bathing, and, afterwards, inserting a clean piece of white cotton or linen cloth within her vagina and examining it after swiping the area inside, followed by leaving in that place a snugly fitting cotton wad for the duration of about 20 minutes (preferably during the evening twilight). When there are no signs of blood, the woman begins counting seven days of cleanness on the following day, during which seven days she is still prohibited to have any physical contact with her husband. During each of the seven days, the woman checks herself once in the morning and once in the evening, by using a soft and white, absorbent cotton cloth. 3670:), as her previous menstruation began; the day exactly 30 days after the previous menstruation started; and the day that is of equal distance from the day of her previous menstruation as the menstruation before the last. For instance: If the interval between her last two periods was 28 days - the couple must refrain from sexual relations on the 28th day. According to most Orthodox authorities, this is measured from the beginning of the former period to the beginning of the latter. Yet some authorities, especially in Chabbad circles, rule that this is measured from the end of the preceding menstruation to the beginning of the following one. 3507:), followed by counting seven days of cleanness. Another factor used to determine when to begin the counting of seven clean days (among Sephardic Jews) is that, had the woman merely found on her an unclean blood stain (where there was no sensation of any active blood flow), after concluding that all such sightings have stopped, she can begin to count seven days of cleanness after two days have passed since the last time she cohabited with her husband. However, among Ashkenazim, even if a woman merely saw an unclean blood stain, when the blood has ceased to appear, she waits 5 days before beginning to count her seven days of cleanness. 3625:) and which was enacted for the sake of conformity, so that the daughter will not see her mother immerse during the daytime and wrongly presume that it was her mother's seventh day of counting, and think that it was alright to immerse on the seventh day before nightfall, without realizing that her mother had already concluded her seven clean days. This enactment, therefore, was to prevent an occasion for miscalculation and stumbling. Even if a woman has no daughter, this rule of immersing only in the night still applies, as the 4052:. In general, the immersion in the miqveh must take place after dark. The woman must undress completely and clean herself before entering. The immersion must be witnessed by a Jewish woman (balanit) whose role is to ensure that all body parts, including the hair, are submerged in the water. Some attendants offer to check the hands, feet, and back for possible barriers (chatzitzot) between the body and the water, such as nail polish. Upon immersing, the woman recites the designated blessing... 3436:, in all cases, whether a woman cohabited with her husband within the past 72 hours or did not cohabit with her husband, whether the woman saw blood for only 2 or 3 days, or merely a blood stain, she does not begin to count seven days of cleanness until 5 days have passed from the time that she ceased seeing blood, and only then does she proceed to count seven days of cleanness. For example, if she ceased to see blood on a Sunday, she can begin her 2764:, "to make distant" (the Aramaic Bible translations use the root rhq, "to be distant"), reflecting the physical separation of women during their menstrual periods, who were "discharged" and "excluded" from society by being banished to and quarantined in separate quarters. Later in the biblical corpus, this meaning was extended to include concepts of sin and impurity, which may be related to ancient attitudes towards menstruation. 3480:, which is to wait 4 days from the time the couple last cohabited together (i.e. last time in which they engaged in sexual intercourse) before she begins to count seven days of cleanness. This will allow for the discharge of semen from her body that is suspected of having been mixed with the blood of her menstruation. For example, if the couple last cohabited on a Saturday, and she then saw blood on a Sunday, she can begin her 2903:. The general rule which applies is that a woman is clean from the standpoint of the Torah until she feels uterine blood discharge from its source within her body. However, the rabbis have declared a woman to be unclean although she has not felt any discharge of blood, but has merely seen either a red or black blood stain on her body, or on her white garment or sheet, and which blood stain is larger in diameter than a 8061: 3796:

are not shared by orthodox Jewish circles, the "seven clean days" need not be observed today and women may immerse and resume sexual relations after seven days from the beginning of menstruation, or after its cessation, if it lasts longer than seven days. Grossman and Berkowitz ruled that women may rely on their own discretion about when menstruation has ended, and need not routinely engage in

8050: 3846: 7029: 8081: 8071: 2721:, additional stringencies and prohibitions have accumulated over time, increasing the scope of various aspects of niddah, including: duration (12-day minimum for Ashkenazim, and 11 days for Sephardim); expanding to prohibition against sex to include: sleeping in adjoining beds, any physical contact, and even passing objects to spouse; and requiring a detailed 142: 3304:

consultation with a rabbi. The ritual requires that the cloth used to perform this test is first checked carefully to ensure that it is clean of any marks, colored threads, or specks; the cloth itself can be any clean white cloth, although there are small cloths designed for this ritual known as bedikah cloths, meaning "checking".

4217:

fact that a woman who menstruates is impure. Instead of discussing the impurity of the niddah, one is encouraged to think of the purity of the family. It is also probable that the term came into use to emphasize the talmudic notion that not keeping the laws of niddah can have consequences on the purity of the offspring.

2915:, on the condition that she feels its discharge. However, if she saw the same color while checking herself with an inspection cloth, but had not felt any discharge of blood, she is clean. Conversely, a vaginal discharge that is white in color, or either light yellow, green or blueish in color, does not render the woman 3371:, meaning "the laws of separation," and imply the prohibitive rules regulating the passing of objects from hand to hand, as well as to taking distinctive measures used to remind them of their separation, such as placing some object at the dinner table which is not ordinarily placed there. The laws of separation ( 3012:(Challah), but is restricted from arranging her husband's bed linen in his presence, from mingling his cup of wine with water, and from washing her husband's face, feet and hands, since these actions are thought to arouse affection. It is also prohibited unto the man to touch his wife during these days. 3644:

includes a bath or shower wherein every part of the body (including the ears and underneath the nails) is thoroughly washed; plus other routine hygiene practices which include trimming fingernails and toenails, brushing and flossing the teeth, and combing the hair. Prior to every immersion, the woman

4728:

and is capable of defiling whatever she touches, and especially whatever object she happens to be standing upon, lying upon or sitting upon. Because of the complexities in determining these days in most women, especially with those who do not have fixed periods, the Sages of Israel declared that all

3366:

In the case of husband and wife, however, the sages added on extra restrictions, including touch that is not in an affectionate or lustful manner, passing of objects even without touching, and sleeping in the same bed; these restrictions are to avoid the risk of leading to sexual contact. These laws

4181:

for the modern Orthodox Jews of Germany, the phrase "family purity" (Reinheit des Familienlebens) came to designate the laws of menstruation. Whereas in Talmudic law, a menstruating woman conveyed a kind of technical impurity, in this new, bourgeois conception, the family as a whole was purified by

4147:

probably generated by the Neo-Orthodox movement as a response to the Reform rejection of some of the normative menstrual laws, particularly use of the miqveh. The Reform movement claimed that the law was instituted at a time when public bathing facilities were the norm, but was no longer valid with

3795:

The majority of orthodox rabbis contend that the seven days of cleanness still apply to all menstruant women today, even though it is only a rabbinic injunction. According to two lesser opinions representing the movement of Conservative Judaism, one by Grossman and the other by Reisner, whose views

3498:

For the Sephardic Jewish community, waiting four days before beginning to count seven days of cleanness only refers to when there were conjugal affairs between a man and his wife, leading up to her menstrual period. If, however, there was no sexual intercourse between the couple in the days leading

3331:

deliberately use coloured underwear and colored toilet paper, since it is only when blood is seen on white material that it has any legal status in Jewish law. When not during their seven "clean" days, all women are advised to wear colored undergarments, for this reason. It is furthermore strongly

3326:

The "bedikah" is repeated each morning and evening of the seven days after the end of menstruation. Another tradition is the wearing of white underwear and use of white bedding during this period; conversely, the rest of the time, when not counting the "seven clean days", some women who suffer from

5118:

and waited 5 days before proceeding to count seven days of cleanness, while others waited 7 days before they began to count seven days of cleanness, and, yet, others (who had not cohabited with their husbands in the past 72 hours) would inspect themselves when all bleeding had stopped and then, on

3589:

on the eighth evening after nightfall, and then engage in intercourse with her husband. Such cloths are about two by four inches, and are available at local Judaica stores, the local mikveh, stores in Orthodox neighborhoods in Israel, or may be cut from clean all-white soft cotton or linen fabric.

3207:

It is not necessary for the woman to witness the flow of blood itself; it is sufficient for her to notice a stain that has indications of having originated in her womb; bloodstains alone are inadequate without such evidence, for example, if she finds a stain just after cutting her finger, she does

4216:

According to Evyatar Marienberg, the term "Tahorat haMishpahah", itself is of German-Jewish origin, late in the nineteenth century, probably a translation of the expression "Reinheit des Familienlebens". The original expression was most likely coined as an attempt to suppress the obvious halakhic

4047:

women and menstruation. Later on, the rabbis increased the period of sexual separation between a menstruating wife and her husband from 7 days total to 7 "clean days" and a minimum of 11 days for Sephardim and 12 days for Ashkenazim. The Biblical law also requires that following that period, the

3550:

state, effectively results in the woman being unable to conceive, a situation sometimes called "halachic infertility". In the case of this effective infertility, rabbis try on a case-by-case basis to relax halakhic strictures in order to facilitate conception. There have been some calls within

3740:

by checking to make sure that all bleeding has stopped by inserting a piece of white cloth into her vagina and having it come out free of blood, in order to begin on the following day her seven days of cleanness. Traditionally, this pause is observed even if no blood is discovered, though some

3303:

circumference. If the cloth shows only discharges that are white, yellow, or clear, then menstruation is considered to have ceased. If the discharge is red or pink, it indicates that menstruation continues. If it is any other color, like brown, it is subject to further inquiry, often involving

4239:

This term is technically a misnomer... It entered Jewish legal discourse in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, before it was popularized in the market of handbooks for married couples. One of its main functions is rooted in its polemical force, vis a vis liberal, non-observant

3488:) on a Tuesday (on the condition that all blood has stopped), and then on a Wednesday to start her first day of seven days of cleanness. These days are not to be interrupted by any blood sighting in-between, and after concluding these seven clean days, she immerses herself in a ritual bath ( 3815:(published in conjunction with the passing of the responsa mentioned above, in Fall/Winter 2006), Rabbi Myron S. Geller, a member of the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, wrote about an upswing in the observance of the laws of family purity within the Conservative Jewish community: 3629:

did not make any distinction, but have prohibited all women from immersing themselves during daylight hours of the eighth day, or of any day. Under extenuating circumstances, however, the rabbis have also permitted to immerse in the day, after fully completing seven days of cleanness.

3637:. It is the custom of many in the Orthodox community to immerse at least twice. Accordingly, they would immerse, recite the blessing, then immerse again. The other opinion states that like other commandments, here too the blessing should be recited before performing the commandment. 3617:) that has been constructed in accordance with the Jewish laws of ritual purity. After concluding her seven days of cleanness, she is not allowed to immerse during the daytime, even on the eighth or ninth days, because of a rule introduced on account of her daughter's immersion ( 3513:

mentions a former custom where the menstruants of some Jewish communities would wait a standard 7 days before beginning to count seven days of cleanness, even if the woman had seen blood for only one or two days. This custom, though widely practised in the 20th century among the

4407:

Scientifically, the brown colorization found in the spotting of white panties is often the result of period blood being trapped in the vagina and its exposure to the vagina's acidic environment (lactic acid), causing the oxidation, or chemical break-down, of the blood. See

3653:

itself, a female attendant is present to make certain that the woman immerses herself fully, including her hairs. Though that is the attendant's foremost duty, she may also help by checking a woman's back or answer questions regarding proper ritual protocol.

3444:) on a Thursday, and then on a Friday to start her first day of seven days of cleanness. These days are not to be interrupted by any blood sighting in-between, and after concluding these seven clean days, she immerses herself in a ritual bath ( 4352:. 1977 "The final product, 2 Chronicles 29, represents more than just a simple description of Hezekiah's temple rededication; ... Levites dovetails so neatly with the narrative's description of what they did: the carrying of the tumah/niddah." 3499:

up to her menstrual cycle, and, subsequently, there was no fear of her body discharging of her husband's copulative seed that had been mixed with her menstrual blood, there is no need for her to wait four days, but she may presently begin her

3583:, and if no blood is found, the woman may start counting the seven blood-free days. On each of these days, she performs this examination in the morning and in the later afternoon before sunset. If no blood is found, she may go to the 3818:

Conservative Judaism has largely ignored this practice in the past, but recently has begun to reevaluate its silence in this area and to consider the spiritual implications of mikvah immersion for human sexuality and for women.

4689:

instruction was that a woman may immerse herself immediately following the cessation of blood discharge. Seven days are given to all women during their regular monthly menstrual cycle, known as the "days of the menstruate"

4116:

According to Marienberg (2003), the term "taharat hamishpaha", was most likely coined to hide the association of impurity and encourage thinking about the Talmudic notion that niddah can have consequences on the purity of

5009:

on Thursday, shortly before sunset, and then on Friday she begins the 1st day of counting 7 days of cleanness, which she then concludes on Thursday of the following week. On that same Thursday night she immerses in the

3212:, as the blood is not obviously uterine. If she notices a bloodstain of uncertain origin, for example on her underclothing, there are a series of complicated criteria used by rabbinical law to determine whether she is 3677:

day, then there are certain circumstances wherein sexual activity is permitted according to most authorities, for example, if a woman's husband is about to travel, and will return only after menstruation has begun.

3114:, a woman who had become impure by a bloody uterine emission, deemed abnormal, in the sense that the emission had occurred during the timeframe of the 8th - 18th day, counting from the start of her last menstruation 3343: 3030:, as a remembrance for diasporic Jews so as to not forget the purity laws. This encouragement was only for the biblically prescribed seven-day period, not for the latter days that were added as part of certain 4619:

Since the laws of ketamin are very broad and intricate, and numerous factors need to be taken into account, one should always seek the advice of a rabbi who specializes in the laws of nidah whenever a ketem is

3408:

In Sephardic Jewish tradition, a woman who has had no physical contact with her husband within the 72 hr. period (3 days) prior to the start of her menstruation, she is permitted to immediately conduct the

2748:

euphemism coined to de-emphasize the "impurity" of the woman (a concept criticized by the Reform movement) and to exhort the masses by warning that niddah can have consequences on the purity of offspring.

3645:

is required to inspect herself to make sure that there is nothing clinging to her skin and hair that would obstruct the water from making contact with it during her actual immersion, or what is known as

4724:), and which simply defines a time (from the 8th to the 18th day, for a total of eleven days) that, if the woman had an irregular flow of blood for two consecutive days during this time, she becomes a 3236:

period is 7 days; however, in Ashkenazi communities, the Rabbis added a stringency increasing the minimum duration period to 12 days. (See section "Seven days of cleanness" for differences in custom).

3379:). Some have suggested that by physically distancing oneself from his spouse there is an enhanced need for relationships to develop in non-physical ways, such as emotional and spiritual connections. 3662:

The classical regulations also forbid sexual relations on the day that a woman expects to start menstruating. Generally speaking, there are three days that fall under this regulation, known as the

3417:) after all uterine bleeding has stopped, and, on the following day, she begins to count seven days of cleanness, which culminate in an immersion. Differences in custom, however, exist between the 1320: 5917: 5712: 5129: 3593:

This practice is also occasionally used by Jewish men to check if he has gotten blood on himself from his wife after intercourse to determine whether she menstruated during intercourse.

2923:

The daughters of Israel have behaved stringently with themselves, insofar that even if they should see a drop of blood as a mustard grain, they would wait over it seven days of cleanness

3546:

if sexual relations occur on that night. However, for certain women, this period extends far past the date of ovulation, and in combination with the ban on sexual relations during the

1898: 4729:

menstruant women are to be viewed in such a doubtful condition, regardless of when they saw blood, requiring them all to count seven days of cleanness before their immersion. See:

4148:

the advent of home bathtubs and greater concern for personal hygiene... The term family purity is euphemistic and somewhat misleading, since the topic is, in fact, ritual impurity.

3425:

Jewish communities as to when to begin the counting of seven days of cleanness if she cohabited with her husband within those 72 hours (three days) prior to her seeing blood.

1553: 1248: 1440: 7755: 2997:) In addition, a man who has sexual relations with her is rendered ritually impure for seven days—as opposed to one day of impurity for coming into contact with her or her 7795: 2648: 7790: 7071: 6954: 4807:

is only prohibited rabbinically according to some authorities, although most rabbis disagree, prohibiting all forms of intimacy where physical touching is involved. See

412: 3784:, yet there is a difference of opinions over how much other strictures need to be observed, such as whether there should be complete prohibition on any touching during 1435: 2823:. The majority of these uses refer to forms of uncleanliness in Leviticus. For example, in Leviticus, if a man takes his brother's wife, then that is "uncleanness", 8145: 1683: 6638: 5005:

Teherani (2019), p. 121, section 44, brings down a different example, having the same import. If she cohabited with her husband on Sunday night, she performs the

1937: 7885: 2907:(about 20 mm), in which case she must separate herself from her husband until she can complete seven clean days and can be purified in a ritual bath ( 922: 885: 301: 273: 3803:

Despite the official stance, the practices related to family purity have often not been widely followed by Conservative Jews. However, in an issue of the

8009: 7213: 6411: 4230: 7890: 3243:

is any blood emission occurring within seven days from the beginning of the menstrual period. After this seven-day period, the woman may immerse in the

5485: 6493: 1861: 3780:

authorities teach that the laws of family purity are normative and still in force, including the requirement to refrain from sexual relations during

2943:

have required all women who have experienced even their regular and natural purgation to count seven days of cleanness before they can be purified.

1884: 3830:

and other liberal denominations have largely rejected many of the rituals and prohibitions associated with menstruation, particularly the use of a

3375:) are derived from a biblical command: "You shall not approach a woman to uncover her nakedness so long as she is separated for her uncleanness" ( 2939:(the irregularity occurring only from the eighth day of the start of her regular period and ending with the conclusion of the eighteenth day), the 1234: 2867:

reference to washing Jerusalem: "In that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of David and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem for sin (

5893: 5371: 7926: 5469: 2641: 1811: 1746: 1628: 5447: 3538:

Because the night that the woman ritually traditionally immerses is about 12 days after menstruation began, it often coincides with a woman's

6947: 6325: 5781: 5777: 5637: 4670: 4643: 4290: 4174: 4140: 4109: 4080: 932: 8084: 4098:"The Transmission of Sexual Mores, Norms of Procreation, and Gender Expectations through Pre-Marital Counselling (Hadrakhat Hatanim/Kallot)" 8135: 7332: 6616: 6606: 3015:

While the purity laws still exist in theory, in modern times there is generally no practical consequence to becoming impure (as, e.g., the

2911:). A blood stain that is a dark brown color leaning towards the color of coffee and the color of chestnuts defiles a woman and renders her 1370: 3307:

In the Orthodox Jewish community, further rituals are practiced toward assurance regarding the cessation of the menstrual flow. After the

7246: 6762: 3319:, for between 18 minutes and an hour, to ensure that there is no blood; this must be done carefully, as it could otherwise irritate the 1638: 1455: 1445: 685: 268: 5481: 4720:), when she should have normally concluded her period, these are days that are known in Hebrew as the days of a running issue (Hebrew: 7327: 7056: 6126: 3356: 3332:

recommended that women make an effort to refrain from looking at the toilet paper after wiping to avoid possible resultant questions.

2919:. There are, yet, many other conditions that need to be met, by rabbinic ordinances, in order to render uncleanness to a blood stain. 2034: 1984: 1949: 1643: 1508: 1375: 8125: 8110: 7775: 5952: 5666: 5610: 5551: 4040: 3323:, causing bleeding unrelated to menstruation. If there is any fear of irritation causing bleeding, a rabbi may waive this practice. 2634: 1726: 1688: 1663: 1583: 1568: 1415: 1355: 1310: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7840: 6940: 2019: 2001: 1907: 1801: 1653: 1648: 1573: 1538: 1405: 3266:) blood, it became the accepted practice and practical halacha, that all women treat any emission as a continued abnormal flow ( 7785: 7660: 6785: 3494:) on that coming night. At this time she is no longer a menstruant, but is deemed clean, and she is permitted unto her husband. 3450:) on that coming night. At this time she is no longer a menstruant, but is deemed clean, and she is permitted unto her husband. 3258:, because of possible confusion in determining when menstruation began and ended and hence whether blood was normal menstrual ( 2537: 2436: 1991: 1974: 1927: 1826: 1736: 1673: 1623: 1603: 1598: 1518: 1492: 1467: 1345: 1335: 1325: 1305: 1300: 294: 3270:—זבה גדולה), which requires counting seven abnormal-discharge-free days from the end of menstruation. This lengthening of the 8130: 7471: 7322: 7312: 7206: 7081: 6772: 4349: 2010: 1996: 1964: 1944: 1912: 1856: 1831: 1806: 1786: 1776: 1761: 1756: 1751: 1731: 1721: 1716: 1693: 1608: 1593: 1513: 1472: 1425: 1420: 1340: 1285: 3200:, or other reasons. If menstruation began before she sees evidence of it, the rabbinic regulations regard her as not being 7740: 7562: 7251: 7096: 6486: 6287: 5749: 5098: 4534: 2431: 1969: 1954: 1917: 1879: 1851: 1841: 1836: 1821: 1816: 1796: 1781: 1766: 1741: 1707: 1678: 1578: 1563: 1487: 1477: 1395: 1365: 1290: 1276: 4258: 3394:) has ceased altogether, shortly before sunset she performs on herself a "cessation of uncleanness", known by its Hebrew 912: 7895: 7522: 6806: 6757: 6350: 6131: 3197: 2039: 1959: 1922: 1846: 1791: 1658: 1633: 1558: 1533: 1523: 1462: 1385: 1380: 1360: 1350: 1330: 1315: 1208: 676: 671: 8105: 7003: 5114:

no. 41). According to Badihi, there were actually three customs practised in Yemen. Some followed the ruling of Rabbi

2029: 2024: 1979: 1932: 1618: 1588: 1548: 1543: 1400: 706: 7900: 7076: 3275: 3031: 8140: 8064: 7800: 7765: 7301: 6395: 5720: 4419: 4409: 3039: 2503: 2348: 2056: 1450: 646: 636: 372: 287: 5541: 3991: 993: 7845: 7780: 7770: 7696: 7572: 7424: 7283: 7268: 7199: 7151: 6701: 6611: 6267: 6226: 6136: 6082: 2617: 2310: 2161: 2102: 3765:(Hebrew for "modesty"), many Orthodox Jews and some Conservative Jews follow a custom of keeping their times of 7665: 7451: 7370: 7307: 6988: 6916: 6896: 6858: 6479: 6439: 3890: 3864: 3859: 3551:

Orthodox Judaism for the custom to be modified so that the time between the end of menstruation and the end of

3008:

During a woman's menstrual cycle, she is still permitted to cook and bake for her husband, and to separate the

2320: 2300: 1410: 890: 431: 7338: 5910: 3289:

In the Orthodox Jewish community, women may test whether menstruation has ceased; this ritual is known as the

3251:) blood and is subject to more stringent requirements, depending on the duration of said abnormal blood flow. 3247:

immediately (if she has stopped menstruating). Any blood found after these seven days is considered abnormal (

4196:"A Lifetime Companion to the Laws of Jewish Family Life, and: Man and Woman: Guidance for Newlyweds (review)" 4033:

Rituals and Practices in World Religions: Cross-cultural Scholarship to Inform Research and Clinical Contexts

3359:, all physical contact in an affectionate or lustful manner is rabbinically forbidden when a woman is in her 7870: 7725: 7431: 7344: 6369: 6298: 6281: 6205: 5561:

Ivry, Tsipy (2013). "Halachic infertility: rabbis, doctors, and the struggle over professional boundaries".

4698:), even if her actual period lasted only 3 to 5 days. Only with the woman who had an "irregular flow" (Heb. 2461: 2451: 2416: 2295: 2285: 2068: 1239: 1181: 1015: 694: 651: 366: 5658:

Husband and wife (Jewish law) [Ish ṿe-ishah: zakhu shekhinah benehem] (איש ואשה - זכו שכינה ביניהם)

3555:

is shorter for these women. Another suggestion is to take hormone tablets to lengthen the ovulation cycle.

8034: 7815: 7730: 7493: 7175: 7061: 7046: 6686: 6643: 6575: 6434: 6212: 6063: 5520: 4325: 3700: 2580: 2315: 2229: 1295: 847: 466: 436: 172: 842: 7865: 7860: 7805: 7760: 7567: 6886: 6871: 6848: 6780: 6630: 6121: 5945: 2979:

The Biblical regulations of Leviticus specify that a menstruating woman must "separate" for seven days (

2471: 2466: 2411: 2199: 1114: 829: 724: 441: 4710:) was determined in the following manner: From the eighth day after the beginning of her period (the 7750: 7550: 6338: 3777: 3543: 2685:), or a woman who has menstruated and not yet completed the associated requirement of immersion in a 2542: 2494: 2234: 2092: 905: 770: 759: 717: 4777:

There are additional restrictions in the time of the Holy Temple because of the Biblical concept of

3216:

or not; the woman herself is not expected to know these criteria, and must seek the assistance of a

7988: 7413: 7180: 7051: 6821: 6790: 6752: 6601: 6375: 6033: 5918:"Traditional Jewish Sexual Practices and Their Possible Impact on Jewish Fertility and Demography," 4490: 4436: 3731: 3712: 3016: 2856: 2722: 2595: 968: 835: 738: 731: 661: 549: 424: 5713:"Traditional Jewish Sexual Practices and Their Possible Impact on Jewish Fertility and Demography" 7880: 7633: 7604: 7555: 7375: 7263: 7241: 6653: 6163: 6058: 6028: 5825: 5737: 5586: 4962: 4908: 4712: 3686:

According to all Orthodox authorities, the first time a virgin has intercourse, she also becomes

2985: 2446: 2396: 2343: 2338: 2252: 2122: 1390: 1219: 978: 898: 752: 318: 263: 220: 5130:

Traditional Jewish Sexual Practices and Their Possible Impact on Jewish Fertility and Demography

2728:

Since the late 19th century, with the influence of German Modern Orthodoxy, the laws concerning

7981: 7974: 7905: 7875: 7317: 7132: 6157: 6050: 5988: 5874: 5854: 5835: 5813: 5796: 5757: 5695: 5672: 5662: 5643: 5633: 5616: 5606: 5578: 5547: 5528: 5508: 4666: 4660: 4639: 4633: 4544: 4485: 4431: 4345: 4309: 4286: 4207: 4170: 4164: 4136: 4105: 4076: 4068: 4036: 4028: 3921: 2974: 2957: 2860: 2780: 2695: 2590: 2532: 2512: 2329: 1889: 1528: 988: 859: 789: 666: 579: 446: 151: 130: 4280: 4130: 4097: 3348: 8115: 8029: 7967: 7830: 7380: 7236: 7222: 6901: 6881: 6841: 6811: 6747: 6691: 6521: 6459: 6445: 6363: 6274: 6185: 5938: 5904: 5729: 5570: 4730: 4572: 3967: 3895: 3869: 2784: 2718: 2560: 2441: 2401: 2365: 2063: 1613: 1124: 880: 784: 699: 589: 381: 8074: 2983:). Any object she sits on or lies upon during this period is becomes a "carrier of tumah" ( 8120: 7931: 7745: 7680: 7673: 7612: 7365: 7256: 6891: 6876: 6726: 6711: 6671: 6502: 6452: 5788: 5175: 5075: 4567: 3900: 3885: 3874: 3722: 3691: 3667: 3618: 3320: 2892: 2670: 2522: 2481: 2476: 2456: 2378: 2372: 2305: 2257: 2097: 2078: 1229: 958: 870: 853: 397: 78: 31: 6344: 6304: 5661:(in Hebrew) (3 ed.). ʻEn Tsurim - Lod: Makhon Shiluvim. Yeshivat ha-Ḳibuts ha-dati. 4538: 3363:

status. Such contact is forbidden whether or not the man and woman are husband and wife.

344: 8054: 7850: 7141: 6993: 6911: 6721: 6716: 6382: 6332: 6219: 6004: 5980: 5115: 5029: 4992: 4886: 4867: 3851: 3827: 3633:

There are differing customs about how many immersions are performed at each visit to a

3530:, was later rejected and abandoned by many, as Maimonides calls it an errant practice. 3433: 3291: 2816: 2711: 2622: 2421: 2290: 2276: 2156: 2135: 2112: 2107: 2085: 2073: 1668: 1149: 1083: 1048: 1026: 963: 801: 779: 641: 620: 596: 362: 187: 109: 103: 8099: 7008: 6836: 6831: 6816: 6731: 6681: 6585: 5972: 5741: 5598: 5347: 5331: 5303: 5278: 5266: 5250: 5230: 5217: 5202: 5187: 5024: 4987: 4881: 4862: 4820: 3913: 3515: 3477: 3009: 2570: 2565: 1771: 1698: 1224: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1053: 1031: 983: 745: 584: 489: 451: 402: 197: 85: 5590: 4702:) was she required to count seven days of cleanness when her menstrual flow ceased ( 2681:, is a woman who has experienced a uterine discharge of blood (most commonly during 7855: 7466: 6706: 6676: 6531: 6516: 6174: 5996: 5866: 5846: 5793:

The Complete Responsa and Practices of Moshe Sternbuch (שו"ת תשובות והנהגות השלם )

5689: 5430: 5418: 5043: 4934: 4921: 4849: 4743: 4590: 4576: 4469: 3788:

and whether women are required to count seven "clean" days before immersing in the

3576: 3457: 3328: 2891:

contained in the Jewish rabbinic writings are almost entirely made-up of "fences" (

2820: 2682: 2600: 2426: 2267: 2262: 2220: 2173: 1267: 1134: 1119: 1078: 1043: 656: 498: 27:

Woman with status of ritual uncleanness during and after menstruation in Jewish law

17: 7735: 5812:(in Hebrew) (2 ed.). Betar Ilit: Beit ha-hora'ah de-kahal kadosh sepharadim. 5151: 141: 5930: 5656: 5574: 7598: 7402: 7117: 6696: 6666: 6169: 6039: 6020: 6012: 5507:(in Hebrew). Bene Berak: Nosaḥ Teman. pp. 164–170 (responsum no. 41–beth). 5356: 4160: 4031:. In Yaden, David Bryce; Newberg, Andrew B.; Zhao, Yukun; Peng, Kaiping (eds.). 3469: 2864: 2745: 2585: 2527: 2192: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1058: 5810:

Sefer Ma'ayan Ṭaharah Hashalem (The Complete Book 'Wellspring of Purification')

5472:, Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, Rabbinical Assembly, December 6, 2006] 5450:, Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, Rabbinical Assembly, December 6, 2006] 4760:

There is a dispute as to whether this prohibition is biblical or rabbinic. See

3575:. It is used by observant Jewish women to determine whether they have finished 3278:. According to contemporary Halacha these "seven clean days" must be observed. 2760:

has the general meaning of "expulsion" and "elimination", coming from the root

7835: 7704: 7112: 7028: 6921: 6661: 6311: 6179: 5924: 5733: 5685: 5058: 4738: 4703: 4513: 4465: 4449: 4413: 3841: 3571:

in Hebrew, is a clean piece of white cloth used in the process of purifying a

3510: 3418: 3376: 3193: 3080: 3067: 3022:

Some later rabbinic authorities encouraged (but did not require) avoiding the

3002: 2994: 2980: 2928: 2840: 2828: 2707: 2243: 1257: 1186: 1144: 973: 953: 512: 419: 339: 215: 182: 65: 62: 59: 5858: 5817: 5800: 5699: 5647: 5532: 5512: 4548: 4211: 3920:. Translated by Leonard Oschry (3 ed.). Jerusalem - New York: Feldheim. 3204:

until she notices. Until this point, the regulations do not come into force.

2876: 2832: 7654: 7476: 7273: 6866: 6552: 6526: 5878: 5761: 5676: 5620: 3925: 3539: 3422: 3395: 2904: 2406: 2391: 1481: 1429: 1191: 1139: 1129: 810: 806: 796: 711: 471: 7825: 5582: 3918:

Daughter of Israel - Laws of Family Purity (טהרת בת ישראל : הלכות נדה)

3649:= "interposing objects" (e.g. clay, dough, paint, gum resin, etc.). At the 3144:, the same day of the Jewish month on which began the previous menstruation 2706:. The prohibition has been maintained in traditional Jewish law and by the 1159: 6932: 5839: 3736:'pause of purity'), instead of the usual five. The woman performs 3058:

Leviticus further prohibits sexual intercourse with a woman who is in her

7691: 7627: 7620: 7456: 7278: 7013: 6547: 6251: 6115: 4166:

Blood and Belief: The Circulation of a Symbol Between Jews and Christians

3658:

Refrainment from relations on days that menstruation is expected to begin

2844: 2575: 2185: 2117: 948: 456: 407: 248: 5927:, Polin: Museum of the History of Polish Jews, Warsaw, November 23, 2017 5691:

Sefer Mishneh Torah - HaYad Ha-Chazakah (Maimonides' Code of Jewish Law)

3066:

impurity you should not come close (with intent to) reveal her nudity" (

7910: 7820: 7686: 7461: 7162: 7038: 6998: 6978: 6964: 5962: 3717:'virginal blood'). However, a bride observes only four days of 3527: 3523: 3255: 3091:

is considered in full effect and mandatory for all children of Israel.

2678: 2551: 2517: 2386: 2180: 1169: 1164: 1036: 927: 822: 818: 814: 563: 558: 535: 517: 392: 387: 377: 355: 330: 192: 45: 7810: 7591: 7542: 7535: 7528: 7499: 7486: 7170: 7146: 7091: 7086: 7066: 7018: 6983: 6826: 6580: 6417: 6389: 6356: 6245: 6152: 6108: 6101: 6092: 6069: 4761: 4691: 4049: 3879: 3761: 3754: 3626: 3613: 3602: 3585: 3580: 3519: 3490: 3465: 3446: 3312: 3300: 3244: 3118: 3075: 3035: 2940: 2908: 2687: 2211: 2206: 2151: 1262: 1154: 574: 540: 526: 461: 177: 156: 122: 72: 4102:

Gender, Families and Transmission in the Contemporary Jewish Context

3079:

on both individuals (man and woman) if the prohibition is violated (

7191: 4716:, or the earliest date in which they begin to reckon the case of a 4195: 4100:. In Gross, Martine; Nizard, Sophie; Scioldo-Zurcher, Yann (eds.). 6471: 6318: 6199: 6192: 4778: 4686: 4495: 3461: 3342: 3296: 3217: 3185: 3132:, days during which the woman is likely to see her menstrual flow 3111: 2936: 2900: 2699: 1174: 603: 507: 476: 258: 53: 4394: 4392: 3150:, the days (or half-days, per Chabad minhag) between menstruation 2931:) explicitly enjoins women to count seven days of cleanness (see 5082:, end of section 7, which is perhaps the source for this custom. 4343:

Late Israelite prophecy: studies in deutero-prophetic literature

3473: 3295:. The woman takes a bath or shower near sunset, wraps a special 3189: 3158:, cloth with which to check whether menstrual blood has finished 2852: 326: 238: 7195: 6936: 6475: 5934: 5152:"Haaretz Newspaper, "Be pure or be fruitful" December 15, 2006" 4200:

Nashim: A Journal of Jewish Women's Studies & Gender Issues

4422:, educational information video / May 2021, minutes 3:52–4:34. 3019:

cannot be visited), so the laws have no practical expression.

253: 4635:

Jewish Women in Europe in the Middle Ages: A quiet revolution

5851:

Responsa Yabia' Omer (Sefer Sheʼelot u-teshuvot Yabiʻa omer)

5756:(in Hebrew). Vol. 3. Bnei Brak: Mekhon Peʻulat tsadiḳ. 4073:

Discourses of Purity in Transcultural Perspective (300–1600)

3108:, a woman who had become impure as a result of menstruation. 3138:, the 30th day after the beginning of previous menstruation 2859:. Usage in Ezekiel follows that of Leviticus. Finally, the 5754:

Sefer Pisḳe Maharits (with the commentary Beʼerot Yitsḥaḳ)

5372:"Reshaping the Laws of Family Purity for the Modern World" 3741:

Conservative authorities have ruled that a woman is not a

5920:

Harvard Theological Review 106:3 (2013), pp. 243–286

5229:

Teherani (2019), p. 126 (chapter 14, section 13), citing

2955:

is essentially composed of two parts: the ritual purity (

2851:(translated: "filthiness"), possibly idols of his father 5470:

Reshaping the Laws of Family Purity for the Modern World

4790:

Remah Yoreh Deah 183:1; see Shiurei Shevet HaLeivi 183:7

4237:. Vol. 11 (2nd ed.). Macmillan Reference USA. 5873:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1–3. Jerusalem: Meʼor Yiśraʼel. 5486:

Sanctifying Waters: The Mikvah and Conservative Judaism

3607:

After a woman has counted seven days of cleanness (see

3087:(prohibition) component of physical relations with the 3666:, namely the same day of the month, (according to the 5853:(in Hebrew). Vol. 5. Jerusalem: Meʼor Yiśraʼel. 5527:. Vol. 4. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans. 5119:

the next day, begin to count seven days of cleanness.

3611:), she is then required to immerse in a ritual bath ( 5694:(in Hebrew). Vol. 3. Jerusalem: Pe'er HaTorah. 4662:

Women and Water: Menstruation in Jewish Life and Law

4282:

Women and Water: Menstruation in Jewish life and law

4132:

Women and Water: Menstruation in Jewish Life and Law

3705: 3347:

A niddah hut (Mergem Gogo) at the Jewish village of

3311:, some women insert a cloth (or, in modern times, a 2993:

or her, during this period becomes ritually impure (

2190: 2171: 594: 8022: 8002: 7959: 7919: 7718: 7646: 7583: 7515: 7444: 7395: 7358: 7294: 7229: 7160: 7131: 7105: 7036: 6971: 6857: 6799: 6771: 6740: 6652: 6629: 6594: 6568: 6561: 6540: 6509: 6427: 6404: 6237: 6145: 6091: 6049: 5971: 5834:(reprinted in 1974 by Eshkol publishers, Jerusalem 5605:. South Royalton, Vt.: Campus Living and Learning. 4415:

5 "Strange" Things Your Vagina Does That Are NORMAL

4308:

Jacobs, Joseph and Judah David Eisenstein (1906). "

3992:"Why Some Jewish Women Go to the Mikveh Each Month" 3673:If the woman is not actually menstruating during a 3168:(female), a person conceived when their mother was 102: 84: 71: 52: 44: 5132:," Harvard Theological Review 106:3 (2013) 243-286 3073:The Torah concludes by imposing the punishment of 7072:Prohibition of extracting semen in vain (Judaism) 5391:Teherani (2019), p. 157 (chapter 17, section 22). 4274: 4272: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4022: 4020: 3968:"Female Purity (Niddah) | Jewish Women's Archive" 5795:(in Hebrew). Vol. 4. Jerusalem: Sternbuch. 5023:Teherani (2019), p. 121, section 45, citing the 4986:Teherani (2019), p. 121, section 44, citing the 4861:Teherani (2019), p. 109, section 24, citing the 4529: 4527: 3476:), they will usually follow the practice of the 4880:Teherani (2019), p. 113, section 1, citing the 4638:. Manchester University Press. p. 220n78. 4543:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Magen. p. 69, 98. 4382: 4380: 4285:. University Press of New England. p. 23. 4169:. University of California Press. p. 175. 3180:According to rabbinical law, a woman becomes a 2710:. It has largely been rejected by adherents of 6639:Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive 5448:Mikveh and the Sanctity of Being Created Human 5094: 5092: 5090: 5088: 3542:, and thus improves the chances of successful 2965:the prohibition of sexual intercourse aspect. 7207: 6948: 6487: 5946: 5603:Family Purity: A Guide to Marital Fulfillment 4973: 4971: 4945: 4943: 4135:. Brandeis University Press. pp. 32–33. 4104:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 40. 2779:), and generally refers to separation due to 2642: 295: 8: 5042:Teherani (2019), p. 122, section 49, citing 4933:Teharani (2019), p. 118, section 29, citing 4835: 4833: 4588:With the exception for unique individuals - 4540:Responsa of R. Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne 4027:Werczberger, R.; Guzmen-Carmeli, S. (2020). 3745:in such a case unless bleeding is observed. 39: 5525:Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament 4920:Teharani (2019), p. 113, section 2, citing 4848:Teherani (2019), p. 104, section 1, citing 4259:"The Biblical Law of Niddah and Its Muslim" 886:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire 274:Prohibition of Kohen defilement by the dead 7999: 7956: 7916: 7643: 7580: 7441: 7355: 7291: 7214: 7200: 7192: 6955: 6941: 6933: 6565: 6494: 6480: 6472: 5953: 5939: 5931: 5913:, "The Women's Health and Halacha Website" 5832:(in Hebrew). Israel: Sifrei Chofetz Chaim. 5632:. Nashville, Tenn.: B & H Pub. Group. 4665:. Brandeis University Press. p. 102. 4062: 4060: 2649: 2635: 2499: 2140: 1213: 1020: 625: 494: 313: 302: 288: 117: 5925:“What is Niddah? Menstruation in Judaism” 5628:Klein, George L.; Clendenen, Ray (2008). 5054: 5052: 4304: 4302: 3062:state. "And to a woman in her (state of) 2827:The five uses in Numbers all concern the 5828:(1971). "Maʼamar ṭohorat ha-mishpaḥah". 5409:Teherani (2019), p. 113–124 (chapter 13) 3122:, a ritual bath for immersion after the 6024:(Stumbling block in front of the blind) 5503:Badiḥi, Yiḥya (2011). Yosef Ḥen (ed.). 4231:"Purification: Purification in Judaism" 3939: 3690:as a result of her hymenal blood flow ( 2989:). One who comes into contact with her 2550: 2502: 2328: 2275: 2242: 2219: 2143: 2009: 1897: 1871: 1706: 1500: 1275: 1247: 1106: 940: 869: 769: 684: 628: 548: 525: 497: 325: 129: 8146:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law 4229:Fonrobert, Charlotte Elisheva (2005). 38: 7942:Jewish League for Woman Suffrage (UK) 5782:Committee on Jewish Law and Standards 5400:Knohl (2014), pp. 102–111 (chapter 2) 5074:Compare the medieval homiletic work, 4839:Knohl (2014), pp. 163–173 (chapter 7) 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3567:cloth or "checking cloth", called an 3192:, whether it is due to menstruation, 7: 8070: 4803:, touch between spouses that is not 4571:, vol. 1 p. 452, Pitchei Harakanti ( 4408:Obstetrician-Gynecologist/Physician 3432:According to the halachic ruling of 2702:prohibits sexual intercourse with a 8080: 4048:woman would immerse herself in the 3726: 3695: 3622: 2899:), or safeguards, built around the 2896: 2847:to the Levites, to carry forth the 2674: 7057:Forbidden relationships in Judaism 6326:Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah 5752:, ed. (1992). "Shaʻarei Ṭaharah". 5630:Zechariah. New American Commentary 5482:Archive of United Synagogue Review 4398:Teherani (2019), p. 24 (chapter 3) 3357:forbidden relationships in Judaism 3299:around her finger, and swipes the 98:(forbidden sexual relations): 4–11 25: 8010:Orthodox Jewish schools for women 7106:Women forbidden to their husbands 5523:; Ringgren, Helmer, eds. (1999). 5320:Shulchan Aruch HaRav, Yoreh De'ah 4386:Teherani (2019), p. 6 (chapter 2) 4014:This prohibition may be Biblical. 3882:(guidelines for physical contact) 3579:. The cloth is inserted into the 3526:, as also with a few families in 2843:includes a single exhortation of 677:Historical population comparisons 30:For the Talmudical tractate, see 8079: 8069: 8060: 8059: 8048: 7937:League of Jewish Women (Germany) 7027: 6299:One commandment leads to another 5894:Medieval Responsa Literature on 5543:Halacha and Contemporary Society 5208:Laws of forbidden relations 4:15 4632:Goldin, Simha (3 January 2020). 3946:Leviticus 15:19-30, 18:19, 20:18 3844: 3769:secret from the general public. 3456:For Jews that largely hail from 3042:discouraged abstaining from the 2783:. Medieval Biblical commentator 1321:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1235:Historical population by country 140: 7082:Head covering for married women 6786:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder 5484:, text on Interfaithfamily.com 5193:Laws of forbidden relations 4:6 7947:Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz 7333:World Congress of Jewish Women 7323:1907 New York City Rent Strike 7313:1904 New York City Rent Strike 6008:(Sanctification of God's name) 4706:). The "irregular flow" (Heb. 4535:Ben Isaac of Narbonne, Abraham 3390:When blood from a menstruant ( 48:texts relating to this article 1: 7097:You shall not commit adultery 5898:: Perspectives of Notions of 4279:Wasserfall, Rahel R. (1999). 4182:avoidance of menstrual blood. 4096:Marmon-Grumet, Naomi (2017). 4069:"Patterns of intensification" 3749:Privacy of the niddah process 2951:The Leviticus description of 2767:Literally, the feminine noun 892:Christianity and Judaism 6807:Menstrual hygiene management 6758:Premenstrual water retention 6732:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea) 6697:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea) 5711:Marienberg, Evyatar (2013). 5575:10.1080/01459740.2012.674992 5110:Badiḥi (2011), pp. 169–170 ( 3640:Immediate preparation for a 3232:According to the Torah, the 3198:sexually transmitted disease 2714:and other liberal branches. 8136:Sex segregation and Judaism 5984:(Desecration of God's name) 5778:Observing Niddah in Our Day 5421:(2018), vol. 2, pp. 301–ff. 5220:, Hilchot Issurei Biah 4:14 4537:(1962). Yosef Qafih (ed.). 4257:Sigvartsen, Jan A. (2017). 4233:. In Jones, Lindsay (ed.). 3706: 3351:in northern Ethiopia, 1976. 3315:), consequently known as a 3239:The Biblical definition of 2191: 2172: 1899:Latin America and Caribbean 595: 8162: 5721:Harvard Theological Review 5370:Berkowitz, Miriam (2006). 4659:Wasserfall, Rahel (2015). 4129:Wasserfall, Rahel (2015). 3807:that focused on issues of 3752: 3600: 3040:Menachem Mendel Schneerson 2972: 2927:Although the Written Law ( 2839:, "waters of separation". 2504:Jewish political movements 2201:Conversion to Judaism 29: 8043: 7661:Rabbis and Torah scholars 7284:Gender and Jewish studies 7269:Matrilineality in Judaism 7135:of a woman to her husband 7025: 6702:Metropathia haemorrhagica 6612:Billings Ovulation Method 5734:10.1017/S0017816013000114 5546:. KTAV Publishing House. 5540:Cohen, Alfred S. (1984). 4977:Knohl (2014), pp. 104–105 4499: 4332:. (1999), p. 163 (vol. 4) 3402: 2937:irregular blood sightings 2796: 2737: 907:Hinduism and Judaism 8126:Menstruation in religion 8111:Jewish ritual purity law 7901:Women's Rabbinic Network 7308:1902 Kosher Meat Boycott 7077:Rabbi Zeira's stringency 6989:Jewish views on marriage 6917:Sustainable menstruation 6897:Menstruation celebration 6016:(Derogatory information) 5808:Teherani, David (2019). 5655:Knohl, Elyashiv (2014). 5141:Ivry (2013), pp. 208–226 4617:. Feldheim. p. 50. 4575:) Chap. 586, Teshuvat Ha 4235:Encyclopedia of Religion 4194:Stollman, Aviad (2006). 3891:Role of women in Judaism 3865:Jewish views on marriage 3860:Culture and menstruation 3336:Physical contact during 3276:Rabbi Zeira's stringency 2947:Application of the Torah 2732:are also referred to as 733:Temple in Jerusalem 426:Bar and bat mitzvah 131:Ritual purity in Judaism 7871:Women of Reform Judaism 7766:Haifa Women's Coalition 7302:Jewish Women's Congress 6859:In culture and religion 6127:Forbidden relationships 5776:Reisner, Avram (2006), 5379:The Rabbinical Assembly 5046:(2018), vol. 2, p. 427. 4949:Badiḥi (2011), p. 165 ( 4937:(2018), vol. 2, p. 338. 4924:(2018), vol. 2, p. 301. 4852:(2018), vol. 2. p. 292. 3805:United Synagogue Review 3386:Seven days of cleanness 3184:when she is aware that 3032:rabbinical stringencies 2871:) and for uncleanness ( 2815:occurs 25 times in the 2801:those that cast you out 2791:is related to the term 695:Twelve Tribes of Israel 8035:Tomb of the Matriarchs 7816:League of Jewish Women 7771:Israel Women's Network 7516:Practices and concepts 7328:1909 Shirtwaist Strike 7062:Jewish views on incest 7047:Cunnilingus in Halacha 6687:Irregular menstruation 6644:Lactational amenorrhea 6607:Calendar-based methods 6576:Basal body temperature 6268:B'rov am hadrat melech 5966:(Jewish religious law) 5871:Sefer Ṭohorat ha-bayit 5521:Botterweck, G Johannes 5488:, retrieved 12-30-2011 4613:Rahamim Shaul Sultan. 4075:. BRILL. p. 272. 3352: 2935:) when they have seen 2925: 2738:טָהֳרַת הַמִּשְׁפָּחָה 8131:Judaism and sexuality 7861:Union of Jewish Women 7786:Women Artists' Circle 7339:Women's Torah Project 6887:Menstrual suppression 6849:Menstrual Hygiene Day 6781:Premenstrual syndrome 5826:Yisrael Meir ha-Kohen 5784:, Rabbinical Assembly 5681:(first edition: 2003) 5433:(1986–1995), vol. 5, 5128:Evyatar Marienberg, " 4805:Derech Chiba v'Taavah 3346: 3176:Start of menstruation 3100:Terms and definitions 2921: 2835:) and use the phrase 2787:writes that the word 1441:São Tomé and Príncipe 1436:Republic of the Congo 830:Second Temple Judaism 701:Kingdom of Judah 672:Modern historiography 125:series of articles on 7927:Clara de Hirsch Home 7345:Women's Siyum HaShas 6339:Positive commandment 6282:Dina d'malkhuta dina 6034:You shall not murder 5923:Evyatar Marienberg, 5916:Evyatar Marienberg, 5563:Medical Anthropology 4737:37a ). Explained by 4374:Knohl (2014), p. 159 3800:as described above. 3778:Conservative Judaism 3773:Conservative Judaism 3534:Niddah and fertility 2969:Ritual purity aspect 2887:The copious laws of 2883:Rabbinic injunctions 2740:‎, Hebrew for 2543:World Agudath Israel 1684:United Arab Emirates 771:Second Temple period 761:Babylonian captivity 269:Tumath eretz Ha'Amim 167:Purification methods 7989:The American Jewess 7247:Early modern period 7181:Heter meah rabbanim 7052:Fellatio in Halacha 6822:Cloth menstrual pad 6791:Menstrual psychosis 6753:Menstrual synchrony 6602:Fertility awareness 6238:Halakhic principles 5992:(Theft of the mind) 5178:(1992–1997), vol. 4 4899:Knohl (2014), p. 90 4799:When the wife is a 4500:יושבת עליה ז' נקיים 4314:Jewish Encyclopedia 3559:Checking by bedikah 3274:period is known as 3254:In the days of the 3017:Temple in Jerusalem 2857:temple in Jerusalem 2753:Etymology and usage 2734:Taharat haMishpacha 2723:ritual purification 836:Hellenistic Judaism 414:Land of Israel 373:Principles of faith 233:Sources of Impurity 41: 18:Taharat haMishpacha 8106:Jewish marital law 8055:Judaism portal 7920:Historic / defunct 7634:Court of the Women 7264:Gender and Judaism 6412:Capital punishment 6059:Corpse uncleanness 5468:Miriam Berkowitz, 5269:(2000), chapter 10 5063:Hil. Issurei Bi'ah 4713:terminus post quem 4704:Leviticus 15:25–28 4615:Rose of the Valley 4474:Hil. Issurei Bi'ah 4454:Hil. Issurei Bi'ah 4341:David L. Petersen 3996:My Jewish Learning 3597:Immersion in water 3353: 3188:has come from her 2995:Leviticus 15:19–23 2986:midras uncleanness 2929:Leviticus 15:25–28 2863:concludes with an 2799:‎), meaning 2677:), in traditional 2397:Jewish Koine Greek 1939:Dominican Republic 1220:Judaism by country 899:Jews and Christmas 754:Assyrian captivity 264:Corpse uncleanness 60:Leviticus 15:19–30 8141:Jewish life cycle 8093: 8092: 8018: 8017: 7998: 7997: 7975:Hadassah Magazine 7955: 7954: 7806:Kohenet Institute 7714: 7713: 7642: 7641: 7523:Gender separation 7511: 7510: 7462:Marriage contract 7396:Life cycle events 7391: 7390: 7354: 7353: 7318:1906 Tonsil Riots 7189: 7188: 7037:Prohibitions and 6930: 6929: 6625: 6624: 6510:Events and phases 6469: 6468: 6132:Gender separation 5830:Sefer Geder ʻOlam 5639:978-0-8054-9494-5 5241:(vol. 2, p. 597). 5007:hefseq be-ṭaharah 4672:978-1-61168-870-2 4645:978-1-5261-4827-8 4486:Babylonian Talmud 4432:Babylonian Talmud 4292:978-0-87451-960-0 4176:978-0-520-25798-6 4142:978-1-61168-870-2 4111:978-1-4438-9232-2 4082:978-90-04-28975-8 3735: 3716: 3704: 3501:hefseq be-ṭaharah 3482:hefseq be-ṭaharah 3438:hefseq be-ṭaharah 3411:hefseq be-ṭaharah 3399:hefseq be-ṭaharah 3282:Practices during 3126:period has ended. 3050:in modern times. 2975:Tumah and taharah 2958:tumah and taharah 2861:Book of Zechariah 2841:2 Chronicles 29:5 2696:Book of Leviticus 2659: 2658: 2608: 2607: 2356: 2355: 2103:Reconstructionist 2047: 2046: 1199: 1198: 1006: 1005: 843:Jewish–Roman wars 791:Hasmonean dynasty 707:Kingdom of Israel 611: 610: 312: 311: 152:Tumah and taharah 116: 115: 73:Babylonian Talmud 16:(Redirected from 8153: 8083: 8082: 8073: 8072: 8063: 8062: 8053: 8052: 8051: 8000: 7957: 7917: 7644: 7584:Prayer and study 7581: 7487:Ritual immersion 7442: 7356: 7292: 7252:In the Holocaust 7237:Women in Judaism 7223:Women in Judaism 7216: 7209: 7202: 7193: 7031: 6963:Marital life in 6957: 6950: 6943: 6934: 6902:Menstruation hut 6882:Menstrual stigma 6842:Period underwear 6812:Feminine hygiene 6748:Folliculogenesis 6692:Menometrorrhagia 6566: 6522:Follicular phase 6496: 6489: 6482: 6473: 6376:Toch k'dei dibur 6186:Terumat hamaaser 6000:(Theft of sleep) 5955: 5948: 5941: 5932: 5905:Haviva Ner-David 5882: 5862: 5833: 5821: 5804: 5765: 5750:Ratsabi, Yitshak 5745: 5717: 5703: 5680: 5651: 5624: 5594: 5557: 5536: 5516: 5489: 5479: 5473: 5466: 5460: 5457: 5451: 5446:Susan Grossman, 5444: 5438: 5428: 5422: 5416: 5410: 5407: 5401: 5398: 5392: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5376: 5367: 5361: 5345: 5339: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5301: 5295: 5294:Yoreh Deah 184:2 5292: 5286: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5248: 5242: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5200: 5194: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5148: 5142: 5139: 5133: 5126: 5120: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5083: 5080:Parashat Metzora 5072: 5066: 5056: 5047: 5040: 5034: 5021: 5015: 5003: 4997: 4984: 4978: 4975: 4966: 4965:(1971), p. 72–74 4960: 4954: 4947: 4938: 4931: 4925: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4900: 4897: 4891: 4878: 4872: 4859: 4853: 4846: 4840: 4837: 4828: 4818: 4812: 4809:Badei HaShulchan 4797: 4791: 4788: 4782: 4775: 4769: 4766:Badei HaShulchan 4758: 4752: 4731:Jerusalem Talmud 4683: 4677: 4676: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4610: 4604: 4603:Cohen, A. (1984) 4601: 4595: 4586: 4580: 4573:Menahem Recanati 4564: 4558: 4552: 4531: 4522: 4509: 4503: 4501: 4483: 4477: 4463: 4457: 4447: 4441: 4429: 4423: 4416: 4405: 4399: 4396: 4387: 4384: 4375: 4372: 4366: 4359: 4353: 4339: 4333: 4323: 4317: 4306: 4297: 4296: 4276: 4267: 4266: 4254: 4243: 4242: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4064: 4055: 4054: 4024: 4015: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4002: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3964: 3947: 3944: 3929: 3896:Women in Judaism 3870:Menstruation hut 3854: 3849: 3848: 3847: 3730: 3728: 3711: 3709: 3699: 3697: 3624: 3404: 3054:Sexual relations 2898: 2798: 2785:Abraham ibn Ezra 2739: 2719:rabbinic Judaism 2676: 2651: 2644: 2637: 2500: 2381: 2202: 2196: 2177: 2141: 2088: 2035:New Zealand 1987: 1950:El Salvador 1940: 1872:Northern America 1864: 1458: 1214: 1125:Crimean Karaites 1021: 999: 997: 918: 916: 908: 902: 893: 881:Rabbinic Judaism 862: 856: 850: 838: 826: 792: 785:Maccabean Revolt 762: 755: 749: 741: 734: 728: 720: 702: 626: 600: 495: 427: 415: 314: 304: 297: 290: 144: 139: 118: 42: 21: 8161: 8160: 8156: 8155: 8154: 8152: 8151: 8150: 8096: 8095: 8094: 8089: 8049: 8047: 8039: 8014: 7994: 7951: 7932:Di Vilde Chayes 7915: 7866:Cantors Network 7746:Chochmat Nashim 7710: 7681:Toanot Rabniyot 7674:Yoetzet halacha 7647:Religious roles 7638: 7613:Tefillin Barbie 7579: 7507: 7467:Marital harmony 7440: 7387: 7366:Jewish feminism 7350: 7290: 7225: 7220: 7190: 7185: 7156: 7127: 7101: 7032: 7023: 6967: 6961: 6931: 6926: 6892:Menstrual taboo 6877:Menstrual leave 6853: 6795: 6767: 6763:Sexual activity 6736: 6727:Polymenorrhagia 6712:Oligoamenorrhea 6672:Cryptomenorrhea 6648: 6621: 6617:Creighton Model 6590: 6557: 6536: 6505: 6503:Menstrual cycle 6500: 6470: 6465: 6423: 6400: 6233: 6153:Sabbatical year 6141: 6087: 6045: 5967: 5959: 5890: 5885: 5865: 5845: 5824: 5807: 5787: 5748: 5715: 5710: 5684: 5669: 5654: 5640: 5627: 5613: 5597: 5560: 5554: 5539: 5519: 5502: 5498: 5493: 5492: 5480: 5476: 5467: 5463: 5459:Reisner (2006). 5458: 5454: 5445: 5441: 5429: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5399: 5395: 5390: 5386: 5374: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5346: 5342: 5330: 5326: 5318: 5314: 5302: 5298: 5293: 5289: 5277: 5273: 5265: 5261: 5249: 5245: 5239:Taharat ha-Bayt 5228: 5224: 5216: 5212: 5201: 5197: 5186: 5182: 5174: 5170: 5160: 5158: 5150: 5149: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5127: 5123: 5109: 5105: 5097: 5086: 5076:Midrash Tanḥuma 5073: 5069: 5057: 5050: 5041: 5037: 5022: 5018: 5004: 5000: 4985: 4981: 4976: 4969: 4961: 4957: 4948: 4941: 4932: 4928: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4898: 4894: 4879: 4875: 4860: 4856: 4847: 4843: 4838: 4831: 4819: 4815: 4798: 4794: 4789: 4785: 4776: 4772: 4759: 4755: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4612: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4587: 4583: 4565: 4561: 4533: 4532: 4525: 4510: 4506: 4484: 4480: 4464: 4460: 4448: 4444: 4430: 4426: 4414: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4390: 4385: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4365:(2008), p. 373. 4360: 4356: 4340: 4336: 4324: 4320: 4307: 4300: 4293: 4278: 4277: 4270: 4256: 4255: 4246: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4193: 4192: 4188: 4177: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4143: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4112: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4083: 4066: 4065: 4058: 4043: 4026: 4025: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4000: 3998: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3976: 3974: 3966: 3965: 3950: 3945: 3941: 3936: 3912: 3909: 3907:Further reading 3901:Yoetzet Halacha 3886:Niddah (Talmud) 3875:Mikveh Calendar 3850: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3825: 3775: 3757: 3751: 3684: 3668:Hebrew calendar 3660: 3605: 3599: 3561: 3536: 3454:Sephardic Jews: 3388: 3382: 3377:Leviticus 18:19 3341: 3321:mucous membrane 3287: 3262:) or abnormal ( 3230: 3178: 3142:Veset HaChodesh 3102: 3097: 3081:Leviticus 20:18 3068:Leviticus 18:19 3056: 3003:Leviticus 15:24 2981:Leviticus 15:19 2977: 2971: 2949: 2941:Sages of Israel 2885: 2809: 2781:ritual impurity 2755: 2691:(ritual bath). 2655: 2610: 2609: 2497: 2487: 2486: 2477:Judeo-Malayalam 2457:Judaeo-Georgian 2377: 2368: 2358: 2357: 2258:Yiddish theatre 2200: 2138: 2128: 2127: 2086: 2059: 2049: 2048: 1985: 1938: 1862: 1456: 1240:Genetic studies 1211: 1201: 1200: 1018: 1008: 1007: 995: 994: 914: 913: 906: 896: 891: 873:and Middle Ages 871:Rabbinic period 858: 852: 845: 833: 804: 790: 760: 753: 744: 736: 732: 723: 718:in Judaism 715: 700: 623: 613: 612: 492: 482: 481: 425: 413: 358: 308: 279: 278: 234: 226: 225: 211: 203: 202: 173:Netilat yadayim 168: 137: 66:Leviticus 20:18 63:Leviticus 18:19 35: 32:Niddah (Talmud) 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8159: 8157: 8149: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8098: 8097: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8077: 8067: 8057: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8037: 8032: 8026: 8024: 8020: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8012: 8006: 8004: 7996: 7995: 7993: 7992: 7985: 7978: 7971: 7963: 7961: 7953: 7952: 7950: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7923: 7921: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7906:Women's Spirit 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7851:Philomath Club 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7722: 7720: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7708: 7701: 7700: 7699: 7689: 7684: 7677: 7670: 7669: 7668: 7658: 7650: 7648: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7636: 7631: 7624: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7602: 7595: 7587: 7585: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7565: 7560: 7559: 7558: 7548: 7547: 7546: 7539: 7532: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7512: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7503: 7491: 7490: 7489: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7448: 7446: 7439: 7438: 7429: 7428: 7427: 7411: 7399: 7397: 7393: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7385: 7384: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7362: 7360: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7348: 7342: 7336: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7298: 7296: 7289: 7288: 7287: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7261: 7260: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7233: 7231: 7230:General topics 7227: 7226: 7221: 7219: 7218: 7211: 7204: 7196: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7167: 7165: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7142:Hefsek taharah 7138: 7136: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7109: 7107: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7043: 7041: 7034: 7033: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6994:Jewish wedding 6991: 6986: 6981: 6975: 6973: 6972:Jewish wedding 6969: 6968: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6952: 6945: 6937: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6912:Period poverty 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6863: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6845: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6809: 6803: 6801: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6777: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6744: 6742: 6741:Related events 6738: 6737: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6722:Oligoovulation 6719: 6717:Oligomenorrhea 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6658: 6656: 6650: 6649: 6647: 6646: 6641: 6635: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6598: 6596: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6583: 6581:Cervical mucus 6578: 6572: 6570: 6563: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6506: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6491: 6484: 6476: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6456: 6449: 6442: 6437: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6414: 6408: 6406: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6398: 6393: 6386: 6383:Yad soledet bo 6379: 6372: 6367: 6360: 6353: 6351:Self-sacrifice 6348: 6341: 6336: 6333:Pikuach nefesh 6329: 6322: 6315: 6308: 6301: 6296: 6285: 6278: 6271: 6264: 6249: 6241: 6239: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6224: 6217: 6210: 6203: 6196: 6189: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6160: 6155: 6149: 6147: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6097: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6083:Ritual washing 6080: 6073: 6066: 6061: 6055: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6043: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6018: 6010: 6006:Kiddush hashem 6002: 5994: 5990:Geneivat da'at 5986: 5982:Chillul hashem 5977: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5950: 5943: 5935: 5929: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5908: 5889: 5888:External links 5886: 5884: 5883: 5863: 5843: 5822: 5805: 5785: 5774: 5746: 5728:(3): 243–286. 5708: 5682: 5667: 5652: 5638: 5625: 5611: 5595: 5569:(3): 208–226. 5558: 5552: 5537: 5517: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5474: 5461: 5452: 5439: 5431:Yosef, Ovadiah 5423: 5419:Yosef, Ovadiah 5411: 5402: 5393: 5384: 5362: 5340: 5324: 5312: 5296: 5287: 5271: 5259: 5243: 5222: 5210: 5195: 5180: 5168: 5143: 5134: 5121: 5116:Moses Isserles 5103: 5084: 5067: 5048: 5035: 5016: 4998: 4979: 4967: 4955: 4939: 4926: 4913: 4901: 4892: 4873: 4854: 4841: 4829: 4813: 4792: 4783: 4770: 4753: 4678: 4671: 4651: 4644: 4624: 4605: 4596: 4581: 4559: 4523: 4521:vol. 3 p. 374) 4517:(as quoted in 4504: 4478: 4458: 4442: 4424: 4410:Danielle Jones 4400: 4388: 4376: 4367: 4354: 4334: 4318: 4298: 4291: 4268: 4244: 4221: 4206:(1): 309–329. 4186: 4175: 4152: 4141: 4121: 4110: 4088: 4081: 4056: 4041: 4016: 4007: 3983: 3948: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3852:Judaism portal 3839: 3836: 3828:Reform Judaism 3824: 3823:Reform Judaism 3821: 3774: 3771: 3753:Main article: 3750: 3747: 3738:hefsek taharah 3719:hefsek taharah 3683: 3680: 3659: 3656: 3601:Main article: 3598: 3595: 3560: 3557: 3535: 3532: 3496: 3495: 3451: 3434:Moses Isserles 3387: 3384: 3340: 3334: 3309:hefsek taharah 3292:hefsek taharah 3286: 3280: 3229: 3222: 3177: 3174: 3173: 3172: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3151: 3148:Veset HaFlagah 3145: 3139: 3127: 3115: 3109: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3095:Practical laws 3093: 3055: 3052: 2973:Main article: 2970: 2967: 2948: 2945: 2884: 2881: 2877:Zechariah 13:1 2865:eschatological 2817:Masoretic Text 2808: 2805: 2754: 2751: 2712:Reform Judaism 2657: 2656: 2654: 2653: 2646: 2639: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2612: 2611: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2555: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2540: 2538:Territorialism 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2507: 2506: 2498: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2422:Judaeo-Spanish 2419: 2417:Judaeo-Iranian 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2369: 2364: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2353: 2352: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2333: 2332: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2280: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2247: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2224: 2223: 2217: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2197: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2146: 2145: 2139: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2060: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2014: 2013: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1902: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1874: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1863:United Kingdom 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1719: 1711: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1303: 1298: 1296:Bilad-el-Sudan 1293: 1288: 1280: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1252: 1251: 1249:Land of Israel 1245: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1212: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1109: 1108: 1107:Related groups 1104: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1019: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1003: 1002: 1001: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 964:Jewish atheism 961: 956: 951: 943: 942: 938: 937: 936: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915:Islamic–Jewish 910: 903: 888: 883: 875: 874: 867: 866: 865: 864: 840: 827: 799: 794: 787: 782: 780:Yehud Medinata 774: 773: 767: 766: 765: 764: 757: 750: 742: 729: 721: 709: 704: 697: 689: 688: 686:Ancient Israel 682: 681: 680: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 642:Land of Israel 639: 631: 630: 624: 619: 618: 615: 614: 609: 608: 607: 606: 601: 597:Shulchan Aruch 592: 587: 582: 577: 569: 568: 567: 566: 561: 553: 552: 546: 545: 544: 543: 538: 530: 529: 523: 522: 521: 520: 515: 510: 502: 501: 493: 488: 487: 484: 483: 480: 479: 474: 469: 464: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 422: 417: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 375: 370: 363:God in Judaism 359: 354: 353: 350: 349: 348: 347: 342: 334: 333: 323: 322: 310: 309: 307: 306: 299: 292: 284: 281: 280: 277: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 235: 232: 231: 228: 227: 224: 223: 218: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 201: 200: 195: 190: 188:Hefsek taharah 185: 180: 175: 169: 166: 165: 162: 161: 160: 159: 154: 146: 145: 134: 133: 127: 126: 114: 113: 107: 104:Shulchan Aruch 100: 99: 89: 82: 81: 76: 69: 68: 57: 50: 49: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8158: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8086: 8078: 8076: 8068: 8066: 8058: 8056: 8046: 8045: 8042: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8030:Rachel's Tomb 8028: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8001: 7991: 7990: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7979: 7977: 7976: 7972: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7831:N'shei Chabad 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7719:Organizations 7717: 7707: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7695: 7694: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7678: 7676: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7664: 7663: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7656: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7645: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7629: 7625: 7623: 7622: 7618: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7601: 7600: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7574: 7573:Homosexuality 7571: 7570: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7563:Birth control 7561: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7552: 7549: 7545: 7544: 7540: 7538: 7537: 7533: 7531: 7530: 7526: 7525: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7514: 7502: 7501: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7482:Ritual purity 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7472:Head covering 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7443: 7437: 7435: 7430: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7421: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7410: 7409: 7405: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7394: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7346: 7343: 7340: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7293: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7217: 7212: 7210: 7205: 7203: 7198: 7197: 7194: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7159: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7130: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7009:Sheva Brachot 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6958: 6953: 6951: 6946: 6944: 6939: 6938: 6935: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6837:Menstrual pad 6835: 6833: 6832:Menstrual cup 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6817:Menstrual pad 6815: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6792: 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6773:Mental health 6770: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6745: 6743: 6739: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6682:Hypomenorrhea 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6628: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6587: 6586:Mittelschmerz 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6573: 6571: 6567: 6564: 6560: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6497: 6492: 6490: 6485: 6483: 6478: 6477: 6474: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6435:High Holidays 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428:Related boxes 6426: 6420: 6419: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6397: 6396:Relative hour 6394: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6380: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6364:Shomea k'oneh 6361: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6334: 6330: 6328: 6327: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6316: 6314: 6313: 6309: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6263: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6248: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6236: 6230: 6229: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6197: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6146:Agrarian laws 6144: 6138: 6137:Homosexuality 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6113: 6111: 6110: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6090: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6051:Ritual purity 6048: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6011: 6009: 6007: 6003: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5964: 5956: 5951: 5949: 5944: 5942: 5937: 5936: 5933: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5915: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5891: 5887: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5849:(1986–1995). 5848: 5844: 5841: 5837: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5791:(1992–1997). 5790: 5789:Sternbuch, M. 5786: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5773: 5769: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5722: 5714: 5709: 5707: 5706:Issurei Bi'ah 5701: 5697: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5683: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5668:9789659053902 5664: 5660: 5659: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5631: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5612:9780967348193 5608: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5559: 5555: 5553:9780881250428 5549: 5545: 5544: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5487: 5483: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5465: 5462: 5456: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5427: 5424: 5420: 5415: 5412: 5406: 5403: 5397: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5380: 5373: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5353: 5349: 5348:Shulhan Arukh 5344: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5332:Shulhan Arukh 5328: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5304:Shulhan Arukh 5300: 5297: 5291: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5279:Shulhan Arukh 5275: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5251:Shulhan Arukh 5247: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5231:Shulhan Arukh 5226: 5223: 5219: 5218:Mishneh Torah 5214: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5203:Mishneh Torah 5199: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5188:Mishneh Torah 5184: 5181: 5177: 5172: 5169: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5144: 5138: 5135: 5131: 5125: 5122: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5104: 5101:(1992), p. 46 5100: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5039: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5025:Shulhan Arukh 5020: 5017: 5013: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4988:Shulhan Arukh 4983: 4980: 4974: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4917: 4914: 4911:(1971), p. 71 4910: 4905: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4882:Shulhan Arukh 4877: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4863:Shulhan Arukh 4858: 4855: 4851: 4845: 4842: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4821:Shulhan Arukh 4817: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4787: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4749:Issurei Bi'ah 4746: 4745: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4688: 4685:The original 4682: 4679: 4674: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4655: 4652: 4647: 4641: 4637: 4636: 4628: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4609: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4594:vol. 3 p. 374 4593: 4592: 4585: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4508: 4505: 4497: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4404: 4401: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4172: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4113: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4092: 4089: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4067:Liss (2015). 4063: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4051: 4044: 4042:9783030279530 4038: 4034: 4030: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4011: 4008: 3997: 3993: 3987: 3984: 3973: 3969: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3940: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3842: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3820: 3816: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3793: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3763: 3756: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3739: 3733: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3671: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3636: 3631: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3604: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3516:Jews of Yemen 3512: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3493: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3478:Shulhan Arukh 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3355:As with most 3350: 3345: 3339: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3293: 3285: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3268:zavah gedolah 3265: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3237: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3208:not become a 3205: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3010:dough-portion 3006: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2982: 2976: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2894: 2890: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2855:, out of the 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2742:family purity 2735: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2558: 2557: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2462:Judeo-Aramaic 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2452:Judeo-Italian 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2432:Ghardaïa Sign 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2367: 2362: 2361: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2278: 2274: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2226: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2131: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2058: 2057:Denominations 2053: 2052: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1885:United States 1883: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1803: 1800: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1506: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1371:Guinea-Bissau 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1225:Lists of Jews 1223: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1216: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1204: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1000: 992: 990: 987: 985: 984:The Holocaust 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 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364: 361: 360: 357: 352: 351: 346: 345:Who is a Jew? 343: 341: 338: 337: 336: 335: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 315: 305: 300: 298: 293: 291: 286: 285: 283: 282: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 236: 230: 229: 222: 219: 217: 214: 213: 207: 206: 199: 198:Tevilat Kelim 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 170: 164: 163: 158: 155: 153: 150: 149: 148: 147: 143: 136: 135: 132: 128: 124: 120: 119: 111: 108: 105: 101: 97: 93: 90: 87: 86:Mishneh Torah 83: 80: 77: 74: 70: 67: 64: 61: 58: 55: 51: 47: 43: 37: 33: 19: 7987: 7980: 7973: 7966: 7960:Publications 7856:Pi Alpha Tau 7703: 7679: 7672: 7653: 7626: 7619: 7606: 7605:Partnership 7597: 7590: 7541: 7534: 7527: 7498: 7481: 7434:Chag habanot 7433: 7432:Girls' Day ( 7418: 7414: 7407: 7403: 7335:(1923, 1929) 7242:In the Bible 7122: 6906: 6707:Metrorrhagia 6677:Dysmenorrhea 6532:Luteal phase 6517:Menstruation 6458: 6451: 6444: 6416: 6388: 6381: 6374: 6362: 6355: 6345:Sfeka d'yoma 6343: 6331: 6324: 6317: 6310: 6305:Ikar v'tafel 6303: 6292: 6288: 6280: 6273: 6266: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6244: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6206: 6198: 6191: 6184: 6175:Second tithe 6162: 6114: 6107: 6100: 6076: 6075: 6068: 6038: 6029:Noahide laws 6021: 6013: 6005: 5998:Gezel sheina 5997: 5989: 5981: 5961: 5899: 5895: 5870: 5850: 5829: 5809: 5792: 5771: 5767: 5753: 5725: 5719: 5705: 5704:, s.v. Hil. 5690: 5657: 5629: 5602: 5566: 5562: 5542: 5524: 5504: 5496:Bibliography 5477: 5464: 5455: 5442: 5434: 5426: 5414: 5405: 5396: 5387: 5378: 5365: 5355: 5351: 5343: 5335: 5327: 5319: 5315: 5307: 5299: 5290: 5282: 5274: 5262: 5254: 5246: 5238: 5234: 5225: 5213: 5205: 5198: 5190: 5183: 5171: 5159:. Retrieved 5155: 5146: 5137: 5124: 5111: 5106: 5079: 5070: 5062: 5038: 5028: 5019: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4991: 4982: 4963:Yisrael Meir 4958: 4950: 4929: 4916: 4909:Yisrael Meir 4904: 4895: 4885: 4876: 4866: 4857: 4844: 4824: 4816: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4795: 4786: 4773: 4765: 4756: 4748: 4744:Mishne Torah 4742: 4734: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4711: 4707: 4699: 4695: 4681: 4661: 4654: 4634: 4627: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4599: 4591:Igrot Kodesh 4589: 4584: 4566: 4562: 4554: 4539: 4519:Igrot Kodesh 4518: 4511: 4507: 4489: 4481: 4473: 4470:Mishne Torah 4461: 4453: 4445: 4435: 4427: 4412:, MD FACOG, 4403: 4370: 4362: 4357: 4342: 4337: 4329: 4321: 4313: 4281: 4262: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4215: 4203: 4199: 4189: 4180: 4165: 4161:Biale, David 4155: 4146: 4131: 4124: 4115: 4101: 4091: 4072: 4046: 4035:. Springer. 4032: 4010: 3999:. Retrieved 3995: 3986: 3975:. Retrieved 3971: 3942: 3917: 3831: 3826: 3817: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3802: 3797: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3766: 3760: 3758: 3742: 3737: 3718: 3687: 3685: 3674: 3672: 3663: 3661: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3639: 3634: 3632: 3612: 3608: 3606: 3592: 3584: 3577:menstruation 3572: 3568: 3564: 3562: 3552: 3547: 3537: 3509: 3504: 3500: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3458:North Africa 3453: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3429: 3414: 3410: 3407: 3398: 3391: 3389: 3381: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3360: 3354: 3337: 3325: 3316: 3308: 3306: 3290: 3288: 3283: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3248: 3240: 3238: 3233: 3231: 3225: 3224:Duration of 3213: 3209: 3206: 3201: 3181: 3179: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3155: 3147: 3141: 3136:Onah Benonit 3135: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3105: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3063: 3059: 3057: 3047: 3043: 3027: 3023: 3021: 3014: 3007: 2998: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2962: 2956: 2952: 2950: 2932: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2912: 2888: 2886: 2872: 2868: 2848: 2836: 2833:Numbers 19:1 2824: 2821:Hebrew Bible 2812: 2810: 2807:Hebrew Bible 2800: 2792: 2788: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2727: 2716: 2703: 2693: 2686: 2683:menstruation 2666: 2662: 2660: 2601:Post-Zionism 2472:Judeo-Berber 2467:Judeo-Arabic 2427:Judeo-Gascon 2174:Pidyon haben 2166: 2093:Conservative 1639:Saudi Arabia 1457:South Africa 1446:Sierra Leone 1268:Israeli Jews 1182:Mosaic Arabs 1135:Kaifeng Jews 996:Arab–Israeli 969:Emancipation 848:Great Revolt 657:Anti-Judaism 652:Antisemitism 647:Name "Judea" 442:Baal teshuva 243: 96:Issurei Biah 95: 94:(Holiness): 91: 36: 8085:WikiProject 7599:Tseno Ureno 7457:Matchmaking 7419:bat mitzvah 7408:Simchat bat 7404:Zeved habat 7341:(2003–2010) 7118:Dam betulim 6667:Anovulation 6631:Suppression 6541:Life stages 6170:First tithe 6064:Handwashing 6040:Yetzer hara 6022:Lifnei iver 6014:Lashon hara 5911:Yoatzot.org 5768:Hil. Niddah 5435:Yoreh De'ah 5357:Turei Zahav 5352:Yoreh De'ah 5336:Yoreh De'ah 5308:Yoreh De'ah 5283:Yoreh De'ah 5255:Yoreh De'ah 5235:Yoreh De'ah 5156:haaretz.com 5030:Yoreh De'ah 4993:Yoreh De'ah 4887:Yoreh De'ah 4868:Yoreh De'ah 4825:Yoreh De'ah 4764:; see also 4512:Tshuvath Ha 3707:dam betulim 3522:, parts of 3472:(including 3470:Middle East 3430:Ashkenazim: 3367:are termed 3317:moch dachuk 3036:Lubavitcher 2596:Revisionist 2586:Neo-Zionism 2193:Zeved habat 1986:Puerto Rico 1812:Netherlands 1644:South Korea 1629:Philippines 1509:Afghanistan 1376:Ivory Coast 1150:Crypto-Jews 1115:Bnei Anusim 1094:Bene Israel 1059:Beta Israel 1016:Communities 923:Middle Ages 662:Persecution 437:Bereavement 110:Yoreh De'ah 8100:Categories 7705:Firzogerin 7425:For adults 7113:Childbirth 7004:Prenuptial 6922:Tampon tax 6662:Amenorrhea 6405:Punishment 6312:Marit ayin 6180:Poor tithe 5686:Maimonides 5599:Jacobs, F. 5360:, ibid. 5. 5267:Jacobs, F. 5059:Maimonides 4739:Maimonides 4466:Maimonides 4450:Maimonides 4350:0891300767 4326:Botterweck 4310:Red Heifer 4117:offspring. 4001:2020-02-19 3977:2020-02-19 3934:References 3914:Kahana, K. 3544:conception 3511:Maimonides 3468:, and the 3419:Ashkenazim 3403:הפסק בטהרה 3194:childbirth 3166:bat niddah 3164:(male) or 3162:Ben niddah 2837:mei niddah 2831:ceremony ( 2829:red heifer 2793:menadechem 2746:apologetic 2708:Samaritans 2581:Maximalism 2533:Secularism 2513:Autonomism 2330:Literature 2123:Humanistic 1727:Azerbaijan 1689:Uzbekistan 1664:Tajikistan 1584:Kyrgyzstan 1569:Kazakhstan 1416:Mozambique 1391:Madagascar 1311:Cape Verde 1263:New Yishuv 1258:Old Yishuv 1209:Population 1187:Subbotniks 1145:Samaritans 1084:Romanyotim 1027:Ashkenazim 974:Old Yishuv 954:Sabbateans 941:Modern era 933:Golden Age 860:Bar Kokhba 580:Beit Yosef 447:Philosophy 216:Av HaTumah 183:Red heifer 7846:Nivcharot 7736:B'not Esh 7655:Rebbetzin 7568:Sexuality 7556:In Israel 7477:Homemaker 7274:Bat-Kohen 7257:In Israel 6867:Chhaupadi 6654:Disorders 6553:Menopause 6527:Ovulation 6370:Testimony 6293:derabanan 6289:De'oraita 6214:Sicaricon 6122:Sexuality 5867:Yosef, O. 5859:503662216 5847:Yosef, O. 5840:816512380 5818:232673878 5801:762395952 5742:162725107 5700:122758200 5648:767571192 5533:838020993 5513:768305430 5437:, sec. 16 5354:196:11); 5176:Sternbuch 5112:responsum 5044:Yosef, O. 4951:responsum 4935:Yosef, O. 4922:Yosef, O. 4850:Yosef, O. 4735:Berakhoth 4579:Chap. 297 4555:responsum 4549:232953513 4212:1565-5288 3727:הפסק טהרה 3701:romanized 3696:דם בתולים 3682:Newlyweds 3540:ovulation 3423:Sephardic 3396:euphemism 3373:harchakot 3369:harchakot 2961:) aspect 2905:fava bean 2811:The noun 2777:separated 2725:process. 2591:Religious 2447:Zarphatic 2437:Bukharian 2407:Judeo-Tat 2392:Yeshivish 2366:Languages 2321:Sephardic 2311:Israelite 2301:Ethiopian 2291:Ashkenazi 2230:Religious 2020:Australia 2002:Venezuela 1908:Argentina 1890:Greenland 1802:Lithuania 1654:Sri Lanka 1649:Singapore 1574:Kurdistan 1539:Indonesia 1529:Hong Kong 1482:Abayudaya 1406:Mauritius 1140:Igbo Jews 1130:Krymchaks 1049:Sephardim 917:relations 811:Sadducees 807:Pharisees 797:Sanhedrin 712:Jerusalem 472:Synagogue 340:Etymology 210:Hierarchy 8065:Category 7756:Hadassah 7726:Aminadav 7697:Timeline 7666:Timeline 7628:Mechitza 7621:Midrasha 7551:Abortion 7452:Marriage 7445:Marriage 7371:Orthodox 7359:Feminism 7279:Bat Levi 7039:Halakhot 7014:Shidduch 6872:In Islam 6562:Tracking 6548:Menarche 6440:Passover 6257:beshogeg 6253:Bemeizid 6228:Kil'ayim 6207:Bikkurim 6116:Mechitza 5879:20658501 5869:(2018). 5772:Miqwa'ot 5762:30156998 5688:(1974). 5677:57630665 5621:48004626 5601:(2000). 5591:42649279 5583:23557006 5310:189:1-2) 5237:197:3); 5206:Kedushah 5191:Kedushah 5161:17 March 5061:(1974), 5033:196:11). 4996:196:11). 4953:no. 41). 4502:‎) 4491:Berakhot 4452:(1974), 4437:Berakhot 4163:(2008). 4029:"Judaim" 3926:21284290 3916:(1970). 3838:See also 3421:and the 3329:spotting 2845:Hezekiah 2618:Category 2576:Kahanism 2523:Feminism 2495:Politics 2379:Biblical 2349:American 2296:Bukharan 2286:American 2186:Shidduch 2162:Clothing 2118:Haymanot 2064:Orthodox 1992:Suriname 1975:Paraguay 1928:Colombia 1827:Portugal 1737:Bulgaria 1674:Thailand 1624:Pakistan 1604:Mongolia 1599:Malaysia 1519:Cambodia 1493:Zimbabwe 1468:Tanzania 1346:Eswatini 1336:Ethiopia 1326:Djibouti 1306:Cameroon 1301:Botswana 1230:Diaspora 1192:Noahides 1165:Marranos 1089:Cochinim 1074:Bukharim 1064:Gruzinim 1054:Teimanim 1044:Mizrahim 1032:Galician 998:conflict 959:Hasidism 949:Haskalah 854:Diaspora 725:timeline 637:Timeline 550:Rabbinic 457:Kabbalah 432:Marriage 408:Tzedakah 398:Holidays 356:Religion 319:a series 317:Part of 249:Tzaraath 121:Part of 92:Kedushah 46:Halakhic 8116:Mishnah 8075:Commons 8003:Schools 7911:Vocolot 7836:Na'amat 7821:Maharat 7731:Bat Kol 7494:Divorce 7381:Mizrahi 7376:Israeli 7295:History 7163:divorce 7161:Jewish 6999:Ketubah 6979:Chuppah 6965:Judaism 6800:Hygiene 6595:Systems 6460:Kashrut 6446:Shabbat 6164:Terumah 6093:Modesty 5963:Halakha 5505:Ḥen Ṭov 5338:184:10) 5322:184:22. 5099:Ratsabi 4890:196:1). 4871:196:1). 4811:195:14. 4768:195:14. 4741:in his 4557:no. 90) 4420:YouTube 4361:Klein, 3972:jwa.org 3798:bedikah 3759:Out of 3734: 3715: 3703:: 3647:ḥaṣīṣah 3623:סרך בתה 3565:bedikah 3528:Baghdad 3524:Morocco 3349:Ambober 3301:vaginal 3256:Amoraim 3156:Bedikah 3083:) This 3026:of the 2991:midras, 2825:niddah. 2819:of the 2775:(i.e., 2694:In the 2679:Judaism 2561:General 2552:Zionism 2528:Leftism 2518:Bundism 2442:Knaanic 2402:Yevanic 2387:Yiddish 2344:Yiddish 2339:Israeli 2316:Mizrahi 2306:Israeli 2277:Cuisine 2253:Ancient 2235:Secular 2181:Kashrut 2157:Wedding 2144:Customs 2136:Culture 2113:Science 2108:Renewal 2098:Karaite 2079:Hasidic 2011:Oceania 1997:Uruguay 1965:Jamaica 1945:Ecuador 1913:Bolivia 1857:Ukraine 1832:Romania 1807:Moldova 1787:Hungary 1777:Germany 1772:Georgia 1762:Finland 1757:Estonia 1752:Denmark 1747:Czechia 1732:Belarus 1722:Austria 1717:Armenia 1694:Vietnam 1609:Myanmar 1594:Lebanon 1514:Bahrain 1473:Tunisia 1451:Somalia 1426:Nigeria 1421:Namibia 1411:Morocco 1341:Eritrea 1286:Algeria 1170:Neofiti 1079:Italkim 1069:Juhurim 979:Zionism 928:Khazars 823:Sicarii 819:Zealots 815:Essenes 802:Schisms 667:Leaders 629:General 621:History 564:Tosefta 559:Midrash 536:Mishnah 518:Ketuvim 513:Nevi'im 462:Customs 393:Shabbat 388:Halakha 380: ( 378:Mitzvot 365: ( 331:Judaism 193:Hagalah 112:183–202 8121:Talmud 8023:Places 7982:Lilith 7826:Ma'yan 7811:Kolech 7761:Hadran 7692:Cantor 7687:Scribe 7607:minyan 7592:Tkhine 7543:Yichud 7536:Negiah 7529:Tzniut 7500:Agunah 7347:(2020) 7304:(1893) 7171:Agunah 7152:Tvilah 7147:Mikveh 7133:Purity 7123:Niddah 7092:Yichud 7087:Tzniut 7067:Negiah 7019:Yichud 6984:Erusin 6907:Niddah 6827:Tampon 6453:Sukkot 6418:Kareth 6390:Zmanim 6357:Shinuy 6275:Chumra 6261:beones 6259:, and 6246:Aveira 6221:Hallah 6158:Tithes 6109:Yichud 6102:Negiah 6077:Niddah 6070:Mikveh 5973:Ethics 5896:Niddah 5877: 5857: 5838: 5816: 5799: 5760: 5740: 5698: 5675: 5665: 5646: 5636: 5619: 5609: 5589: 5581: 5550: 5531: 5511: 5285:199:5) 5012:mikveh 4801:niddah 4762:Negiah 4751:6:1–5) 4747:(Hil. 4696:niddah 4692:Hebrew 4669: 4642: 4568:Shelah 4547: 4514:Rambam 4476:6:1–5) 4456:11:3–4 4363:et al. 4348: 4289: 4263:Papers 4210: 4173: 4139: 4108: 4079: 4050:mikveh 4039: 3924: 3880:Negiah 3832:mikveh 3813:niddah 3809:mikvah 3790:mikveh 3786:niddah 3782:niddah 3767:niddah 3762:tzniut 3755:Tzniut 3743:niddah 3723:Hebrew 3692:Hebrew 3688:niddah 3651:mikveh 3642:mikveh 3635:mikveh 3619:Hebrew 3614:mikveh 3603:Mikveh 3586:mikveh 3581:vagina 3573:niddah 3553:niddah 3548:niddah 3520:Djerba 3491:mikveh 3466:Turkey 3447:mikveh 3392:niddah 3361:niddah 3338:niddah 3313:tampon 3284:niddah 3272:niddah 3260:niddah 3245:mikveh 3241:niddah 3234:niddah 3228:status 3226:niddah 3214:niddah 3210:niddah 3202:niddah 3182:niddah 3170:niddah 3130:Vestot 3124:niddah 3119:Mikveh 3106:Niddah 3089:niddah 3076:kareth 3064:niddah 3060:niddah 3048:niddah 3044:midras 3038:rabbi 3034:. 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