868:
906:, the previous Minister for Defense, later confirmed his death. This story of his death after a summary trial is supported by the fate of Amin supporters who were executed on the spot with a bullet in the back of the neck, after a 'Revolutionary Troika' arrested and sentenced them to death. Amin's two sons sustained shrapnel wounds during the clashes and died shortly after. Amin's wife and daughter were wounded, but survived. 347 other Afghans, including 30 of Amin's most personal guards from Palace and Leader's guards, also died in the fighting, and part of the palace went up in flames.
112:
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41:
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732:. Nonetheless, Afghan forces suffered major losses during the Soviet operation; 30 Afghan palace guards and over 300 army guards were killed while another 150 were captured. Two of Amin's sons, an 11-year-old and a 9-year-old, died from shrapnel wounds sustained during the clashes. In the aftermath of the operation, a total of 1,700 Afghan soldiers who surrendered to Soviet forces were taken prisoner, and the Soviets installed
2507:
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848:" because it consisted exclusively of soldiers from the southern republics of the USSR. This motorized rifle battalion had been formed in the USSR earlier in 1979 at the specific request of the Afghan leader to guard his residence as he could not rely on Afghan troops. These support troops were not issued armor or helmets, but one of them recalls that a magazine tucked inside his clothes protected him from an
891:
General Staff, he muttered, "I guessed it. It's all true." He was captured alive by Grom troops, but semi-conscious, suffering convulsions due to interrupted medical treatment related to a poisoning that occurred on
December 16 of the same year. The exact details of his later death have never been confirmed by any eye witness. The official announcement of his death on Kabul Radio, as reported by the
324:
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277:
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309:
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150 of the 180 Palace and Leader's guards, who were regular troops, surrendered when they realized the attacking troops were from the USSR, not from an Afghan unit. A total of 1,700 Afghan soldiers surrendered to Soviet troops and were taken prisoner. The whole operation took about 40 minutes. It was
922:
During the assault on the Tajbeg five officers of the KGB special forces, seven troops from the "Muslim
Battalion", and two paratroopers were killed. The commander of the KGB contingent, Col. Boyarinov, was killed. All the surviving participants in the KGB troops in the operation were wounded. Also,
931:
According to Oleg
Balashov, who was second in command of the assault group, the group was led by two elite units of Alpha and Vympel (15–20 each). The Alpha group targeted Amin, and the Vympel group had the task of collecting factual evidence that Amin was collaborating with the United States. Both
795:
by Amin's orders), Afghan–Soviet relations started to deteriorate. The KGB claimed that Amin was a "smooth-talking fascist who was secretly pro-western". By
December the Soviet leadership had established an alliance with Babrak Karmal. The Soviet Union declared its plan to intervene in Afghanistan
935:
Before the operation, Balashov surveyed the area in the guise of a bodyguard of a Soviet diplomat. His unit knew that they were going to a death zone and felt uncomfortable about it – about 80% of them were wounded shortly after they left their vehicles, yet they continued the assault. As
Balashov
890:
During the attack, Amin still believed the Soviet Union was on his side, and told his adjutant, "The
Soviets will help us." The adjutant replied that it was the Soviets who were attacking them; Amin initially replied that this was a lie. Only after he tried but failed to contact the Chief of the
867:
727:
and entered
Afghanistan by land while others flew to airbases around the country with exiled Parchamis in preparation for the assassination. The Tajbeg Palace, located on a high and steep hill in Kabul, was surrounded by landmines and guarded by extraordinarily large contingents of the
944:
This account generally agrees with that of
Aleksandr Lyakhovskiy, Soviet war historian and former director of the USSR Defense Ministry in Afghanistan, who gives more details and accentuates the ferocity and professionalism on both the attacking and defending sides.
182:
940:
and, when the BMP was immobilized by fire from Amin's troops, ordered them to abandon the BMP and run to the palace. All five were quickly wounded by intensive fire from the guards, but were saved by bulletproof vests and helmets.
155:
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groups were brought to
Afghanistan secretly and blended with Muslim Battalions to make an impression that the operation was carried out by local units, whereas in reality nearly all work was done by Alpha and Vympel.
902:, a previous Minister of Communication until ousted by Amin, who was present with two other previous ministers during the assault to give credence to accounts that it was an Afghan-controlled operation. Gulabzoy and
2548:
804:
Storm-333 was part of a bigger operation, Baikal-79, aimed at taking control over approximately 20 key strongholds in and around Kabul, which included major military headquarters, communication centers and jails.
2159:
621:
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883:, where General Secretary Amin was in residence with his family at the suggestion of his KGB security advisers, took place around 7 p.m. on 27 December 1979. The Tajbeg Palace was guarded by the
2601:
469:
923:
Soviet army doctor
Colonel Viktor Kuznechenkov, who was treating General Secretary Amin, was killed by friendly fire in the palace and was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
767:"; however, allegations of Amin colluding with the Americans have been widely discredited, with the Soviet archives revealing that the story of Amin as a CIA agent had been planted by the
910:
later determined in 2009 that Amin was mortally wounded by a fragment of a grenade that was thrown by Senior lieutenant Alexander Nikolaevich Plyusnin (1949–2022). The wife of the
2770:
1293:
Frustrated and hoping to discredit him, the KGB initially planted false stories that Amin was a CIA agent. In the autumn these rumors rebounded on the KGB in a strange case of "
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on 27 December 1979, was "Amin had been sentenced to death at a revolutionary trial for crimes against the state and that sentence had been carried out".
455:
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787:, who was pro-Soviet Union, which resulted in cordial Afghan–Soviet relations. In September 1979, Taraki was deposed by Hafizullah Amin, due to intra-
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on 12 December 1979, and the Soviet leadership initiated Operation Storm-333 (the first phase of the intervention) on 27 December 1979.
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The assassination of Amin was part of a larger Soviet plan to secure and take control of Afghanistan with support from the PDPA's
2735:
1338:
1297:," the term used by spies to describe planted propaganda that filters back to confuse the country that first set the story loose.
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expected, Amin's troops targeted the first and last vehicle in the convoy of six. He placed his team of five men in the front
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Several other government buildings were seized from Amin's Khalqist government during the operation, including those for the
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have stated that Operation Storm-333 was one of the most successful in the unit's history. Documents released following the
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faction, which opposed the hardline ideology espoused by the rival Khalq faction; a number of Soviet troops crossed the
208:
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Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001
2685:
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1387:"United States-Afghanistan Diplomatic Relations, September-December 1979: Hafizullah Amin's Struggle For Survival"
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1618:. orc.ru. This page refers to Alpha and Vympel by their previous names Grom and Zenith, respectively
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1373:. 'I would have been thrilled to have those kinds of contacts with Amin, but they didn't exist.'
1444:
Boots on the Ground: The Fight to Liberate Afghanistan from Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, 2001–2002
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in the 1990s revealed that the Soviet leadership believed Amin had secret contacts within the
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1147:"Inside the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the Seizure of Kabul, December 1979"
673:
104:
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Peter Tomsen (9 June 2011). Wars of Afghanistan (1st ed.). PublicAffairs. p. 174.
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Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century
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strife. After this event and the suspicious death of Taraki (an apparent
681:
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1311:
Becoming Enemies: U.S.-Iran Relations and the Iran-Iraq War, 1979-1988
825:
295:
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447:
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866:
808:
The core of Storm-333 assault team included 25 men from the Гром (
701:
693:
70:
736:, the leader of the PDPA's Parcham faction, as Amin's successor.
1480:Участник штурма дворца Амина: мы шли под прямой автоматный огонь
744:
2347:
1747:
451:
1217:
817:
768:
280:
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Attacks on government buildings and structures in Afghanistan
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914:, Shah Wali (born 1939), was also killed in the operation.
49:, where the Soviet assault took place, photographed in 1987
16:
1979 Soviet assassination of Afghan leader Hafizullah Amin
1345:
In the Graveyard of Empires: America's War in Afghanistan
844:
Detachment of the USSR Ministry of Defence known as the "
1110:
1108:
1029:
Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia
667:
2536:
2383:
2183:
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2131:
2055:
1989:
1939:
1893:
1886:
1827:
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1088:"The Take-Down of Kabul: An Effective Coup de Main"
763:and "was capable of reaching an agreement with the
1405:
1342:
1140:
1138:
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991:wife of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Shah Wali
1690:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
1154:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
1021:
1019:
1017:
25:
2622:Democratic Women's Organisation of Afghanistan
2359:
1759:
1634:Afgantsy: The Russians in Afghanistan 1979–89
898:One story at the time was Amin was killed by
871:Photograph taken by a Soviet official of the
832:- "Thunder"). There were also 87 troops of a
463:
8:
2771:Attacks on buildings and structures in Kabul
1060:(1st ed.). PublicAffairs. p. 174.
2761:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1979
1570:
1558:
1546:
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1519:
1185:Russia, America and the Cold War: 1949–1991
2366:
2352:
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1890:
1803:
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1752:
1744:
838:345th Independent Guards Airborne Regiment
470:
456:
448:
22:
1507:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1369:'It was total nonsense,' said the CIA's
1214:"How Soviet troops stormed Kabul palace"
1116:"Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War"
1051:
1049:
706:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
622:Mujahideen raids inside the Soviet Union
2283:Pictures from Afghanistan (documentary)
1835:Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1013:
954:
712:of April 1978. It was the start of the
672:), was a military raid executed by the
439:150 Palace and Leader's Guards captured
352:
318:
286:
1598:
1596:
1145:Aleksandr Lyakhovskiy (January 2007).
2170:Military equipment used by Mujahideen
961:including 1 non-participating officer
688:troops stormed the heavily fortified
7:
2746:1970s coups d'état and coup attempts
2328:
1603:Interview with Colonel Oleg Balashov
1188:(Revised 2nd ed.). Harlow, UK:
2656:
1491:Vadim Udmantsev (29 December 2004)
2751:Battles involving the Soviet Union
2726:Afghanistan–Soviet Union relations
2376:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
2123:Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
1819:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
1385:Wahab, Shaista (1 December 1993).
840:. 520 men from the 154th Separate
816:, and 30 operators from a special
781:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
751:). Veterans of the Soviet Union's
708:(PDPA) who had taken power in the
627:Pakistan–Soviet air confrontations
14:
2706:Russian special forces operations
654:, known by the military codename
543:Kulchabat, Bala Karz and Mushkizi
436:1,700 Afghan soldiers surrendered
2701:Battles of the Soviet–Afghan War
2655:
2641:
2640:
2519:
2505:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2305:
1478:Dmitri Volin (25 December 2019)
1391:The University of Nebraska Omaha
1026:Michael Newton (17 April 2014).
973:Hafizullah Amin and his two sons
863:Palace assault and death of Amin
859:in leading it to Tajbeg Palace.
376:
367:
340:
328:154th OSN GRU "Muslim Battalion"
322:
307:
275:
247:
236:
215:
201:
189:
170:
143:
129:
110:
97:
39:
757:dissolution of the Soviet Union
696:and assassinated Afghan leader
637:Afghan SCUD attacks in Pakistan
2175:Afghanistan War Memorial, Kyiv
391:180 Presidential Palace Guards
1:
2696:Battles involving Afghanistan
2554:Democratic Youth Organisation
2410:Soviet control and deployment
1408:Afghanistan: A Modern History
979:30 Palace and Leader's Guards
632:KHAD-KGB campaign in Pakistan
2741:December 1979 events in Asia
1632:Braithwaite, Rodric (2011).
1056:Peter Tomsen (9 June 2011).
824:– "Zenith"), later known as
741:Ministry of Interior Affairs
1493:Боевое крещение "мусульман"
1404:Angelo Rasanayagam (2005).
927:Memoirs of the participants
912:Minister of Foreign Affairs
855:The teams were assisted by
668:
31:Part of the prelude to the
2787:
2103:Battle of Arghandab (1987)
1351:W. W. Norton & Company
357:345th IG Airborne Regiment
2635:
2574:People's Democratic Party
2500:
2439:Afghan Airlines shootdown
2299:
2290:Bitter Lake (documentary)
1781:
761:American embassy in Kabul
747:, and the General Staff (
663:
489:
409:
396:
265:
122:
90:
53:
38:
30:
2716:1979 in the Soviet Union
2144:Kabul students' uprising
1683:"The KGB in Afghanistan"
1317:Publishers. p. 70.
1315:Rowman & Littlefield
1309:James G. Blight (2012).
1182:Martin McCauley (2008).
1032:. ABC-CLIO. p. 17.
1000:Amin's wife and daughter
976:317 Army National Guards
2736:Military assassinations
2456:National Reconciliation
1852:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
1655:Landsford, Tom (2017).
904:Mohammad Aslam Watanjar
900:Sayed Mohammad Gulabzoy
875:following the operation
857:Sayed Mohammad Gulabzoy
2467:Parliamentary election
2312:Afghanistan portal
2165:War in popular culture
2160:Soviet aircraft losses
2083:Battle of Maravar Pass
876:
347:Soviet Airborne Forces
123:Commanders and leaders
2731:20th century in Kabul
2617:Revolutionary Council
2415:Assassination of Amin
1730:34.45472°N 69.11333°E
1616:Декабрь, день27, 1979
870:
812:– "Thunder") unit of
783:was initially led by
680:on 27 December 1979.
652:Tajbeg Palace assault
410:Casualties and losses
26:Tajbeg Palace assault
2544:Council of Ministers
2489:Civil War: 1989–1992
2462:Battle for Hill 3234
2255:The Living Daylights
2241:Charlie Wilson's War
2113:Battle for Hill 3234
1957:Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
1911:Konstantin Chernenko
1864:Hezb-e Islami Khalis
1163:on 26 September 2007
885:Afghan National Army
730:Afghan National Army
383:Army National Guards
2721:1979 in Afghanistan
2691:Airborne operations
2612:Heads of government
2451:Battle of Arghandab
2108:Operation Magistral
2073:Panjshir offensives
2063:Operation Storm-333
2056:Military operations
1977:Burhanuddin Rabbani
1962:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
1931:Abdul Rashid Dostum
1926:Mohammad Najibullah
1726: /
1699:on 28 December 2017
1441:Camp, Dick (2012).
1058:Wars of Afghanistan
785:Nur Muhammad Taraki
656:Operation Storm-333
427:350 soldiers killed
2513:Afghanistan portal
2427:Salang Tunnel fire
2262:The Magic Mountain
1972:Abdul Rahim Wardak
1947:Ahmad Shah Massoud
1857:Maktab al-Khidamat
1735:34.45472; 69.11333
1679:Mitrokhin, Vasiliy
1614:A. A. Lyakhovskiy
1605:. BBC (in Russian)
1451:. pp. 12–13.
1281:. pp. 47–49.
1220:. 27 December 2009
1120:nsarchive2.gwu.edu
877:
253:Daoud Taroon
243:Major Sabri Jandad
2686:Conflicts in 1979
2673:
2672:
2549:Central Committee
2483:Soviet withdrawal
2445:Battles of Zhawar
2341:
2340:
2132:Civilian protests
2093:Battles of Zhawar
1985:
1984:
1916:Mikhail Gorbachev
1882:
1881:
1775:Soviet–Afghan War
1647:978-1-84668-062-5
1458:978-0-7603-4111-7
1324:978-1-4422-0830-8
1190:Pearson Education
749:Darul Aman Palace
714:Soviet–Afghan War
645:
644:
614:Soviet withdrawal
481:Soviet–Afghan War
446:
445:
433:2 gravely wounded
430:1 civilian killed
151:Grigory Boyarinov
86:
85:
33:Soviet–Afghan War
2778:
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2527:Communism portal
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2088:Badaber uprising
1952:Abdul Ali Mazari
1891:
1874:Ittehad i-Islami
1804:
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1745:
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1736:
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1698:
1692:. Archived from
1687:
1674:
1651:
1619:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1591:
1580:
1574:
1571:Braithwaite 2011
1568:
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1559:Braithwaite 2011
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1547:Braithwaite 2011
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1532:Braithwaite 2011
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1156:. Archived from
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1128:
1126:
1112:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1086:Lester W. Grau.
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879:The raid on the
846:Muslim Battalion
671:
665:
523:Padkhwab-e Shana
508:Student protests
484:
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472:
465:
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422:2,203 casualties
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61:27 December 1979
55:
54:
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2756:Sieges of Kabul
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2627:Women's Council
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2477:Operation Arrow
2399:Saur Revolution
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2248:The Kite Runner
2199:The 9th Company
2184:Films about war
2179:
2148:
2139:3 Hoot uprising
2127:
2118:Operation Arrow
2051:
1981:
1935:
1901:Leonid Brezhnev
1878:
1840:Jamiat-e Islami
1823:
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1787:Afghan conflict
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1144:
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1134:
1124:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1092:Global Security
1085:
1084:
1075:
1068:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1025:
1024:
1015:
1010:
1005:
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990:
986:
982:
969:
965:
960:
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951:
929:
920:
865:
802:
777:
710:Saur Revolution
698:Hafizullah Amin
648:
647:
646:
641:
618:
485:
480:
478:
476:
442:
423:
418:
416:
389:
385:
377:
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323:
317:
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285:
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276:
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261:
255:
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237:
235:
234:
228:
223:Hafizullah Amin
216:
214:
202:
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199:
190:
188:
187:
180:
178:Vasily Kolesnik
171:
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162:
153:
144:
142:
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130:
128:
109:
98:
96:
74:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2784:
2782:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2711:KGB operations
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2678:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2652:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2607:Heads of state
2604:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2595:Settam-e-Melli
2592:
2587:
2582:
2571:
2569:National Front
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2516:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2494:Siege of Khost
2491:
2485:
2479:
2474:
2472:Geneva Accords
2469:
2464:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2433:Siege of Urgun
2429:
2423:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Herat uprising
2401:
2395:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2348:
2339:
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2336:
2335:
2325:
2315:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2269:Peshavar Waltz
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2220:All Costs Paid
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2153:Related topics
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2098:Battle of Jaji
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2078:Siege of Urgun
2075:
2070:
2068:Siege of Khost
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1990:Events by year
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
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1652:
1646:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1607:
1592:
1588:978-1586487638
1575:
1573:, p. 104.
1563:
1551:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1510:, p. 185.
1508:Landsford 2017
1500:
1495:. VPK-news.ru
1484:
1464:
1457:
1449:Zenith Imprint
1433:
1427:978-1850438571
1426:
1396:
1377:
1363:
1330:
1323:
1301:
1287:
1260:
1257:978-0745319179
1239:John K. Cooley
1231:
1205:
1198:
1174:
1132:
1104:
1073:
1067:978-1586487638
1066:
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1038:
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947:
928:
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893:New York Times
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773:
682:Special forces
643:
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332:
331:
330:
305:
304:
303:
301:
300:
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298:
293:
273:
272:
271:
268:
267:
266:Units involved
263:
262:
211:
135:Major General
125:
124:
120:
119:
107:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
83:
82:Soviet victory
80:
76:
75:
69:
67:
63:
62:
59:
51:
50:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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2421:PIA hijacking
2418:
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2250:
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2222:
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2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2192:List of films
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
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2140:
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2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Babrak Karmal
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Yuri Andropov
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Hezb-e Wahdat
1867:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:Shura-e Nazar
1843:
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1757:
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1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1681:(July 2002).
1680:
1676:
1672:
1670:9781598847598
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1638:Profile Books
1635:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1549:, p. 99.
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1534:, p. 98.
1533:
1528:
1525:
1522:, p. 96.
1521:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
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1445:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1371:Graham Fuller
1366:
1364:9780393071429
1360:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1339:Seth G. Jones
1334:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1288:9781594200076
1284:
1280:
1279:Penguin Group
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1199:9781405874304
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1175:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
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1111:
1109:
1105:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:9781610692861
1035:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1007:
997:
994:
988:
985:
978:
975:
972:
971:
967:
964:
958:
955:
948:
946:
942:
939:
933:
926:
924:
918:Soviet losses
917:
915:
913:
907:
905:
901:
896:
894:
888:
886:
882:
881:Tajbeg Palace
874:
873:Tajbeg Palace
869:
862:
860:
858:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
820:group Зенит (
819:
815:
811:
806:
800:Soviet forces
799:
797:
794:
793:assassination
790:
786:
782:
774:
772:
770:
766:
765:United States
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
737:
735:
734:Babrak Karmal
731:
726:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Tajbeg Palace
687:
683:
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473:
468:
466:
461:
459:
454:
453:
450:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
425:
421:
415:40 casualties
414:
413:
408:
404:
401:
400:
395:
392:
388:
387:Supported by:
384:
365:
358:
355:
354:
353:
348:
329:
321:
320:
319:
314:
297:
294:
292:
289:
288:
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282:
270:
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264:
260:
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245:
244:
233:
231:
225:
224:
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184:
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167:
165:
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152:
140:
139:
127:
126:
121:
118:
113:
108:
106:
95:
94:
89:
81:
78:
77:
73:, Afghanistan
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:Tajbeg Palace
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
2654:
2639:
2559:Constitution
2390:
2303:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
1814:Soviet Union
1800:Belligerents
1785:Part of the
1711:
1701:. Retrieved
1694:the original
1656:
1633:
1626:Bibliography
1610:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1497:(in Russian)
1487:
1443:
1436:
1407:
1399:
1390:
1380:
1368:
1344:
1333:
1310:
1304:
1292:
1272:
1263:
1242:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1208:
1184:
1177:
1167:25 September
1165:. Retrieved
1158:the original
1123:. Retrieved
1119:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:
1057:
1028:
996:
987:
966:
957:
943:
934:
930:
921:
908:
897:
892:
889:
878:
854:
829:
821:
809:
807:
803:
778:
738:
718:
674:Soviet Union
655:
651:
649:
607:
593:
568:Maravar Pass
553:Baraki Barak
501:
494:
386:
256:
229:
221:
213:
163:
138:Yuri Drozdov
136:
105:Soviet Union
91:Belligerents
18:
2663:WikiProject
2487:1990–1992:
1733: /
1703:16 December
1353:. pp.
1269:Coll, Steve
1249:Pluto Press
1244:Unholy Wars
814:Alpha Group
753:Alpha Group
678:Afghanistan
548:Caravan war
373:Afghan Army
296:Zenit Group
291:Alpha Group
181: [
154: [
117:Afghanistan
2680:Categories
2578:Factions:
2564:Government
2333:Multimedia
1940:Mujahideen
1828:Mujahideen
1721:69°06′48″E
1718:34°27′17″N
1482:. tass.ru.
1416:. p.
1414:I.B.Tauris
1097:7 December
1008:References
828:and Гром (
775:Background
419:25 wounded
2602:Politburo
2431:1983–84:
2276:Rambo III
2234:Cargo 200
2227:The Beast
2213:Afghantsi
1967:Abdul Haq
725:Amu Darya
669:Štorm-333
664:Шторм-333
600:Hill 3234
594:Magistral
588:Arghandab
495:Storm-333
417:15 killed
2648:Category
2537:Politics
2392:Timeline
2323:Category
1894:Alliance
1807:Alliance
1791:Cold War
1789:and the
1661:ABC-CLIO
1341:(2010).
1295:blowback
1271:(2004).
1251:. p. 8.
1125:23 March
852:bullet.
842:Spetsnaz
702:Khalqist
686:airborne
518:Panjshir
397:Strength
207:Captain
195:Captain
176:Colonel
149:Colonel
66:Location
2580:Parcham
2384:History
1887:Leaders
1241:(2002)
836:of the
834:company
721:Parcham
704:of the
660:Russian
573:Badaber
563:Laghman
538:Marmoul
257:†
230:†
164:†
2660:
2645:
2481:1989:
2460:1988:
2449:1987:
2443:1986:
2437:1985:
2425:1982:
2419:1981:
2403:1979:
2397:1978:
1667:
1644:
1586:
1455:
1424:
1361:
1321:
1285:
1255:
1224:1 July
1196:
1064:
1036:
826:Vympel
578:Zhawar
558:Kunduz
528:Rauzdi
502:3 Hoot
226:
160:
102:
79:Result
2590:Khalq
1697:(PDF)
1686:(PDF)
1357:–17.
1161:(PDF)
1150:(PDF)
949:Notes
822:Zenit
789:party
694:Kabul
608:Arrow
533:Urgun
513:Khost
405:2,200
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158:]
71:Kabul
2047:1989
2042:1988
2037:1987
2032:1986
2027:1985
2022:1984
2017:1983
2012:1982
2007:1981
2002:1980
1997:1979
1705:2011
1665:ISBN
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1359:ISBN
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1283:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1226:2013
1194:ISBN
1169:2007
1127:2023
1099:2018
1062:ISBN
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830:Grom
810:Grom
779:The
700:, a
684:and
650:The
583:Jaji
58:Date
45:The
2585:Kar
1218:BBC
938:BMP
850:SMG
818:KGB
769:KGB
745:KAM
692:in
676:in
402:660
313:GRU
281:KGB
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