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Banská Štiavnica was an important medieval mining center, producing mostly silver. The first water reservoirs were founded by the local miners in the 15th century. However, the most significant development of tajchy was precipitated by a crisis in the mining industry in the 17th century. The depth of
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Until the mid-19th century, the three tallest dams in Europe built for the mining industry had been tajchy in
Slovakia: Rozgrund (30.2 m), Počúvadlo (29.6 m), and Veľká Richňava (23.4 m). In the same period, 7 out of 13 European mining water reservoirs with the biggest volume of water were tajchy.
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ordered the establishment of a Mining
Academy in Banská Štiavnica, creating the first technical university in the world. The town was chosen "because it had mining, hydrological, metallurgical, propulsion, and testing equipment as well as fire, water and air devices, and pendulum-action drainage
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The region of Banská Štiavnica lacks significant sources of flowing surface water. That is why tajchy were designed to store water derived from precipitation. Channels with the overall length of 72 km diverted water from the rain and melting snow to sixty reservoirs. The whole system could
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After several centuries, tajchy became an integral part of their natural environment. Several of the dams have been recently reconstructed. Some of the reservoirs are heavily frequented by tourists, while other, usually smaller lakes lie hidden in the forests of the Štiavnica
Mountains.
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started to reach below the level of the drainage tunnels. As a result, mines were flooded by ground water. The draining mechanisms of that period were powered by human or animal power, which was too expensive. Due to the prohibitive costs, the Royal Court
Chamber in
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tajchy required the work of 4,000 people working every day for three years (1738–1740). But after their completion, tajchy proved capable of draining all the water from the flooded mines and they even provided enough energy for other booming industries.
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and a depth of 11 m. The volume is 745,000 m. The main dam is 195 m long and 19 m thick. Tourist infrastructure makes Počúvadlo the most popular of all tajchy.
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challenged the decision, submitting a courageous proposal to rescue mining in his home town. An innovative plan based on the use of tajchy was finally endorsed by
Emperor
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in the 18th century. At their height, tajchy comprised a sophisticated system of 60 reservoirs, connected to each other by more than 100 km of channels and tunnels.
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The renewed prosperity resulted in great economic and cultural development of Banská Štiavnica. In 1782, Banská Štiavnica (Selmecbánya) was the third biggest town in the
193:) has a dam 569 m long, 23.4 m high, and 23 m thick. This tajch is characterized by the largest depth (21 m) and volume (960,000 m). It supplies
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In the 18th century, tajchy gradually expanded into a complicated system of lakes and channels, designed by three famous engineers: Jozef Karol Hell, his father
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devices which did not exist in other mining locations," in other words because of its tajchy. Tajchy were also praised by their royal visitors, including
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24 artificial lakes still exist and serve recreational purposes. Because of their historical value, tajchy were proclaimed by the
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on 11 December 1993, together with the town of Banská Štiavnica and technical historical monuments in its surroundings.
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until the second half of the 20th century. The reservoir supplies the town of Banská Štiavnica with drinking water.
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from mines and the water wheels later also provided energy for mining, processing, metallurgy, and mills.
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Marian
Lichner et col.: Banskostiavnicke tajchy (Slovak/English) published by Studio harmony 1999,
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decided to close the mines in Banská Štiavnica and its surroundings. A mining expert and inventor
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accumulate 7 million m of water. The water then flowed through 57 km of channels to
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40:. Most of them were built in order to provide energy for the silver mines of
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397:(in Slovak). Región Hont – regionálny informačný systém. Archived from
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equipped with a pendulum-action system. The pumps removed excess
451:(in Slovak). Unofficial site of Banská Štiavnica. Archived from
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507:"Slovakia in the UNESCO Treasury – Banská Štiavnica (page 5)"
428:"Slovakia in the UNESCO Treasury – Banská Štiavnica (page 4)"
141:(with 23,192 or including suburbs 40,000 inhabitants), after
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Tajchy became crucial for the development of Banská Štiavnica
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Komorovske upper and lower reservoirs in Banská Štiavnica
530:(in Slovak). Geopark Banská Štiavnica. Archived from
480:(in Slovak). Geopark Banská Štiavnica. Archived from
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265:Lintich reservoir (destroyed) in Banská Štiavnica
583:"Štiavnické tajchy: nejstarší přehrady na světě"
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272:Michalstolniansky reservoir in Banská Štiavnica
314:Vodárenska small reservoir in Banská Štiavnica
51:Počúvadlo Lake is one of the preserved tajchy
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311:Vodárenska big reservoir in Banská Štiavnica
262:Kysihyblianské reservoirs in Banský Studenec
178:The largest lake is Počúvadeľské jazero (or
308:Vindšachta big reservoir in Štiavnické Bane
299:Richňava small reservoir in Štiavnické Bane
197:with water and also serves for recreation.
395:"Štiavnické tajchy – prírodná zaujímavosť"
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259:Krechsengrund reservoir in Štiavnické Bane
256:Kolpašsky big reservoir in Banský Studenec
320:Hodrusa lower reservoir in Banská Hodrusa
317:Hodrusa upper reservoir in Banská Hodruša
281:Ottergrund reservoir in Banská Štiavnica
559:(in Slovak). 4adventure. Archived from
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633:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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290:Rozgrund reservoir in Banská Štiavnica
247:Klinger reservoir in Banská Štiavnica
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375:(in Slovak). MO SRZ Banská Štiavnica
326:Banky reservoir in Banská Štiavnica
244:Halčianske reservoir in Banská Belá
238:Evička reservoir in Štiavnické Bane
449:"Tajchy v okolí Banskej Štiavnice"
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241:Goldfuss reservoir in Banská Belá
189:Veľká Richňavská nádrž (or Veľká
125:, and especially Jozef's teacher
708:Historical geography of Slovakia
557:"Banská Štiavnica : Tajchy"
211:List of all preserved reservoirs
661:Slovakia in the UNESCO Treasury
203:was the highest earthen dam in
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250:Kolpašsky small reservoir in
351:"Tajchy v Banskej Štiavnici"
232:Červená studňa reservoir in
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589:(in Czech). 30 August 2004
275:Moderstolna reservoir in
528:"Vodohospodársky systém"
373:"Tajchy – vznik tajchov"
182:) with an area of 12.13
294:Richňavské velke jazero
284:Počúvadlo reservoir in
226:Belianske reservoir in
21:(singular: tajch, from
718:Reservoirs in Slovakia
302:Štampoch reservoir in
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353:(in Slovak). SKonline
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484:on 28 September 2007
220:Bakomi reservoir in
684:48.4611°N 18.9000°E
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478:"Richňavské tajchy"
61:World Heritage Site
34:Štiavnica Mountains
615:on 15 January 2005
296:in Štiavnické Bane
139:Kingdom of Hungary
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587:Mladá fronta DNES
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149:. In 1762, Queen
123:Matej Kornel Hell
28:) are artificial
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713:Dams in Slovakia
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234:Banská Štiavnica
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170:Water reservoirs
112:Jozef Karol Hell
42:Banská Štiavnica
30:water reservoirs
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74:water wheels
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228:Banská Belá
101:the mines'
82:groundwater
702:Categories
675:18°54′00″E
672:48°27′40″N
335:References
164:Leopold II
143:Bratislava
116:Charles VI
619:7 January
286:Počúvadlo
180:Počúvadlo
160:Joseph II
156:Francis I
67:Operation
629:cite web
277:Kopanice
201:Rozgrund
191:Richňava
184:hectares
147:Debrecen
131:Richňava
59:to be a
38:Slovakia
88:History
32:in the
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593:24 May
567:24 May
538:24 May
512:24 May
488:24 May
459:24 May
433:24 May
405:24 May
379:24 May
357:24 May
304:Vysoká
162:, and
108:Vienna
103:shafts
57:UNESCO
23:German
19:Tajchy
78:pumps
26:Teich
646:ISBN
635:link
621:2014
595:2007
569:2007
540:2007
514:2007
490:2007
461:2007
435:2007
407:2007
381:2007
359:2007
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
