1592:, researchers reported the results of a survey of 61,576 postmenopausal women, more than half of whom had used talc powder perineally. The researchers compared the subjects’ reports of their own talc use with their reports of having had ovarian cancer diagnosed by their doctors, and found, regardless of subjects’ age and tubal ligation status, “Ever use of perineal powder ... was not associated with risk of ovarian cancer compared with never use,” nor was any greater individual cancer risk associated with longer use of talc powder. On this basis, the article concluded, “perineal powder use does not appear to influence ovarian cancer risk.” The
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associated with talc-dusted diaphragms and condom use is more convincing evidence for a lack of a carcinogenic effect, especially given the lack of an established correlation between perineal dusting frequency and ovarian tissue talc concentrations and the lack of a consistent dose-response relationship with ovarian cancer risk." Instead, the authors credited powdered talc with "a high degree of safety.”
1189:
1676:; although not in the serpentine family, talc is also a sheet silicate, with two sheets connected by magnesium cations. The frequent co-location of talc deposits with asbestos may result in contamination of mined talc with white asbestos, which poses serious health risks when dispersed into the air and inhaled. Stringent quality control since 1976, including separating
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a racial justice audit as it had been marketed to
African American and overweight women. On August 11, 2022, the company announced it would stop making talc-based powder by 2023 and replace it with cornstarch-based powders. The company said the talc-based powder is safe to use and does not contain asbestos.
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In 2020 J&J stopped sales of its talcum-based baby powder, which it had been selling for 130 years. J&J created a subsidiary responsible for the claims in an effort to resolve the lawsuits in bankruptcy court. In 2023 J&J proposed a nearly $ 9bn settlement with 50,000 claimants saying the
1696:
knew for decades that there was asbestos in its baby powder, and in 2020 the company stopped selling its baby powder in the US and Canada. There were calls for
Johnson & Johnson's largest shareholders to force the company to end global sales of baby powder, and hire an independent firm to conduct
1140:
China is the key world talc and steatite-producing country with an output of about 2.2M tonnes(2016), which accounts for 30% of total global output. The other major producers are Brazil (12%), India (11%), the U.S. (9%), France (6%), Finland (4%), Italy, Russia, Canada, and
Austria (2%, each).
1742:
judge Maren Nelson dismissed the verdict. The judge stated that
Echeverria proved there is "an ongoing debate in the scientific and medical community about whether talc more probably than not causes ovarian cancer and thus (gives) rise to a duty to warn", but not enough to sustain the jury's
977:
Because the hexagons in the T and O sheets are slightly different in size, the sheets are slightly distorted when they bond into a TOT layer. This breaks the hexagonal symmetry and reduces it to monoclinic or triclinic symmetry. However, the original hexahedral symmetry is discernible in the
1584:
review of ovarian cancer and talc use studies pointed out that, although many of them examined the duration, frequency, and accumulation of hygienic talc use, few found a positive association among these factors and some found a negative one: “It may be argued that the overall null findings
1737:
In August 2017, a Los
Angeles jury awarded $ 417 million to a Californian woman, Eva Echeverria, who developed ovarian cancer as a "proximate result of the unreasonably dangerous and defective nature of talcum powder", her lawsuit against Johnson & Johnson stated. On 20 October 2017,
1255:
recommends that parents avoid using baby powder because it poses a risk of respiratory problems, including breathing trouble and serious lung damage if inhaled. The small size of the particles makes it difficult to keep them out of the air while applying the powder.
943:
The tetrahedral sheets consist of silica tetrahedra, which are silicon ions surrounded by four oxygen ions. The tetrahedra each share three of their four oxygen ions with neighboring tetrahedra to produce a hexagonal sheet. The remaining oxygen ion (the
521:, talc produces a white streak, though this indicator is of little importance, because most silicate minerals produce a white streak. Talc is translucent to opaque, with colors ranging from whitish grey to green with a vitreous and pearly
1663:
ore. Asbestos is a general term for different types of fibrous silicate minerals, desirable in construction for their heat resistant properties. There are six varieties of asbestos; the most common variety in manufacturing,
1761:
claims were "specious" but it wanted to move on from the issue, but judges blocked the plans, ruling that the subsidiary was not in financial distress and could not use the bankruptcy system to resolve the lawsuits.
996:
1224:, used for stoves, sinks, electrical switchboards, etc. It is often used for surfaces of laboratory table tops and electrical switchboards because of its resistance to heat, electricity, and acids.
1709:
classified talcum powder as a possible human carcinogen if used in the female genital area. Despite this, no federal agency in the US acted to remove talcum powder from the market or add warnings.
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1580:
In contrast, however, research published in 1995 and 2000 concluded that, although it was plausible that talc could cause ovarian cancer, no conclusive evidence had been shown. Further, a 2008
1332:
flux in high-temperature glazes (to control melting temperature). It is also employed as a matting agent in earthenware glazes and can be used to produce magnesia mattes at high temperatures.
2187:
1750:
awarded a $ 4.7bn claim ($ 4.14bn in punitive damages and $ 550m in compensatory damages) against J&J to 22 claimant women, concluding that the company had suppressed evidence of
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talc from that destined for industrial use, has largely eliminated this issue, but it remains a potential hazard requiring mitigation in the mining and processing of talc. A 2010 US
3107:
2756:
Houghton, Serena C.; Reeves, Katherine W.; Hankinson, Susan E.; Crawford, Lori; Lane, Dorothy; Wactawski-Wende, Jean; Thomson, Cynthia A.; Ockene, Judith K. (11 September 2014).
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forced to inhale talc for 6 hours a day, five days a week over at least 113 weeks. A 1971 paper found particles of talc embedded in 75% of the ovarian tumors studied. In 2018,
955:. Apical oxygens take the place of some of the hydroxyl ions that would be present in a brucite sheet, bonding the tetrahedral sheets tightly to the trioctahedral sheet.
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1627:
have set occupational exposure limits to respirable talc dusts at 2 mg/m over an eight-hour workday. At levels of 1000 mg/m, inhalation of talc is considered
1313:
Due to its low shear strength, talc is one of the oldest known solid lubricants. Also, limited use is made of talc as a friction-reducing additive in lubricating oils.
2549:
3192:
1216:, paint and coatings (e.g. for metal casting molds), rubber, food, electric cable, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and ceramics. A coarse grayish-green high-talc rock is
1144:
Notable economic talc occurrences include the Mount
Seabrook talc mine, Western Australia, formed upon a polydeformed, layered ultramafic intrusion. The France-based
1316:
Talc is widely used in the ceramics industry in both bodies and glazes. In low-fire art-ware bodies, it imparts whiteness and increases thermal expansion to resist
866:
Talc is also found as a diagenetic mineral in sedimentary rocks where it can form from the transformation of metastable hydrated magnesium-clay precursors such as
1008:
1620:
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1600:
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imposition of liability against
Johnson & Johnson stated, and concluded that Echeverria did not adequately establish that talc causes ovarian cancer.
2805:
Gruber, James (November–December 2019). "Do
Cosmetic Consumers Really Know What Ingredients They Are Using? An Inquiry into the Search for the 'Truth'".
1727:
In May 2016, a South Dakota woman was awarded $ 55 million as the result of another lawsuit against J&J. The woman had used
Johnson & Johnson's
2708:
1416:(at a heating requirement of around 650 °C for talc compared to 1500 °C for limestone to produce Portland cement), while it absorbs far more
3326:
1734:
In
October 2016, a St. Louis jury awarded $ 70.1 million to a Californian woman with ovarian cancer who had used Johnson's Baby Powder for 45 years.
1502:). It is inserted into the space via a chest tube, causing it to close up, so fluid cannot collect there. The product can be sterilized by dry heat,
885:
content, with more aluminous rocks favoring production of kyanite. This is typically associated with high-pressure, low-temperature minerals such as
3243:
2169:
1628:
1589:
4296:
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Patents are pending on the use of magnesium silicate as a cement substitute. Its production requirements are less energy-intensive than ordinary
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and rubber gloves during manufacture to keep the surfaces from sticking. Talcum powder, with heavy refinement, has been used in baby powder, an
3283:
2626:
2040:"Stratigraphic evolution of the Neoproterozoic Callison Lake Formation: Linking the break-up of Rodinia to the Islay carbon isotope excursion"
2195:
2004:
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Suspicions have been raised that talc use contributes to certain types of disease, mainly cancers of the ovaries and lungs. According to the
3217:
3153:
602:, in the presence of carbon dioxide and water. This is known as "talc carbonation" or "steatization" and produces a suite of rocks known as
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Strauss, Justin V.; MacDonald, Francis A.; Halverson, Galen P.; Tosca, Nicholas J.; Schrag, Daniel P.; Knoll, Andrew H. (2015).
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4197:
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1929:
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1048:. Prime examples of whiteschists include the Franciscan Metamorphic Belt of the western United States, the western European
1002:
View of trioctahedral sheet of talc. Yellow spheres are hydroxyl; blue are magnesium. Apical oxygen binding sites are white.
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Talc is used in the production of the materials that are widely used in the building interiors such as base content
912:, but with magnesium in the octahedral sites of the composite layers. The crystal structure of talc is described as
1739:
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per tonne used. This contrasts with a positive carbon footprint of 0.4 tonnes per tonne of conventional cement.
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28:
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2463:"NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Talc (Non-Asbestiform) in Rats and Mice (Inhalation Studies)"
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One particular issue with commercial use of talc is its frequent co-location in underground deposits with
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2256:
4513:
4181:
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Henderson WJ, Joslin CA, Turnbull AC, Griffiths K (1971). "Talc and carcinoma of the ovary and cervix".
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32:
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Rudenko, Pavlo; Bandyopadhyay, Amit (2013). "Talc as friction-reducing additive to lubricating oil".
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to disparage company's products, while defendants say the lawsuits are meant to silence scientists.
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Does baby powder cause cancer? Another jury thinks so, awarding $ 70 million to a California woman
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Harlow, Cramer, Bell; et al. (1992). "Perineal exposure to talc and ovarian cancer risk".
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Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (1995).
1413:
1329:
1033:
749:
224:
1596:
concluded in 2015 that talc, in the concentrations currently used in cosmetics, is safe.
1324:, small percentages of talc are used to flux the body and therefore improve strength and
2294:
2170:"China, Brazil, the U.S. and India Remain the Major Consumers on the Global Talc Market"
2055:
1829:
966:. The trioctahedral sheet has an equal positive charge, since its bulk composition is Mg
718:
Talc can also be formed via a reaction between dolomite and silica, which is typical of
4321:
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At least 1,200 to 2,000 other talcum powder-related lawsuits were pending as of 2016.
1148:
is the world's largest supplier of mined talc. Its largest talc mine at Trimouns near
4632:
4174:
4130:
4102:
3591:
2436:
2081:
1874:
1847:
1574:
1534:(possibly carcinogenic to humans), and talc not containing asbestos is classified as
1531:
1499:
1275:
1145:
1118:
364:
232:
161:
2592:
990:
View of tetrahedral sheet structure of talc. The apical oxygen ions are tinted pink.
562:. In ancient times, the word was used for various related minerals, including talc,
4612:
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4110:
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3749:
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3222:
1783:
1777:
1765:
1764:
In July 2023 J&J sued researchers who linked talc to cancer alleging they used
1724:. The family claimed that the use of talcum powder was responsible for her cancer.
1535:
1523:
1291:
1268:
909:
526:
413:
387:
517:, defines value 1 as the hardness of talc, the softest mineral. When scraped on a
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4016:
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3920:
3876:
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3754:
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3729:
3691:
1789:
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1688:
survey failed to find asbestos in a variety of talc-containing products. A 2018
1577:
issued a warning against inhaling talcum powder or women's using it perineally.
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1951:
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507:
150:
51:
3256:
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2073:
1439:, the food industry, cosmetics, and hygiene products such as baby powder and
958:
Tetrahedral sheets have a negative charge, since their bulk composition is Si
17:
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4465:
4381:
4351:
4346:
4336:
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3516:
3501:
3034:"J&J to replace talc-based powder with cornstarch after cancer lawsuits"
3016:"Johnson & Johnson shareholders called on to end talc baby powder sales"
2896:
Plummer, Charles C.; Carlson, Diane H.; Hammersley, Lisa (22 January 2018).
2685:
2421:
Hollinger, MA (1990). "Pulmonary toxicity of inhaled and intravenous talc".
1747:
1717:
1463:
1321:
1236:
1228:
1221:
1217:
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1110:
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1061:
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1014:
Talc crystal viewed along the axis, looking along the layers of the crystal
882:
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480:
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423:
270:
154:
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for more than 35 years before being diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2011.
2773:
2647:
2584:
2535:
2444:
1998:
Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, Volume 36
1786: – Rock formed by hydration and metamorphic transformation of olivine
1720:
jury awarded $ 72 million to the family of an Alabama woman who died from
1546:
conclude that some studies have found a link, but other studies have not.
1454:, to expand volume and weight and thereby increase its street value. With
1435:
in wall coatings. Other areas that use talc to a great extent are organic
1239:, and as a filler in paper manufacture. It is used to coat the insides of
586:
Talc dominantly forms from the metamorphism of magnesian minerals such as
4602:
4386:
4376:
4257:
4227:
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3872:
3546:
3421:
3356:
3140:
1945:
1906:
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1660:
1566:
1527:
1299:
1065:
901:. Such rocks are typically white, friable, and fibrous, and are known as
886:
867:
840:
591:
426:
2462:
2018:
1838:
1811:
1588:
Similarly, in a 2014 article published in a leading cancer journal, the
609:
Talc is primarily formed by hydration and carbonation by this reaction:
71:
4553:
4452:
4361:
4326:
4263:
4233:
4221:
3993:
3789:
3719:
3701:
3681:
3381:
3376:
3193:"Dismissal of $ 417 million verdict v. J&J is disaster for talc..."
2064:
1689:
1317:
1279:
1264:
1213:
1173:
1149:
1087:
1057:
1045:
1032:
Talc is a common metamorphic mineral in metamorphic belts that contain
952:
878:
that can precipitate from marine and lake water in certain conditions.
859:
806:
599:
578:
499:
and an uneven flat fracture, and it is foliated with a two-dimensional
492:
468:
420:
3168:"California judge tosses $ 417 million talc cancer verdict against..."
3083:"Johnson & Johnson just lost another talcum powder cancer lawsuit"
4576:
4341:
4245:
4215:
3983:
3476:
3361:
3244:
Woman wins $ 55M verdict against Johnson & Johnson in cancer suit
3057:"$ 417 Million Awarded in Suit Tying Johnson's Baby Powder to Cancer"
1451:
1126:
1114:
1090:
1077:
908:
Talc is a trioctahedral layered mineral; its structure is similar to
890:
855:
3108:"Professor Hanington's Speaking of Science: Does talc cause cancer?"
2621:
1208:
sheets with magnesium sandwiched between sheets in octahedral sites.
1024:
951:
The trioctahedral sheet has the structure of a sheet of the mineral
932:) strongly bonded to the two faces of a single trioctahedral sheet (
3218:"Johnson & Johnson ordered to pay $ 4.7bn in talc powder claim"
4251:
3304:
3284:"Johnson & Johnson sues researchers who linked talc to cancer"
2964:"J&J knew for decades that asbestos lurked in its Baby Powder"
1607:
for humans. The study is based on limited evidence it could cause
1432:
1195:
1187:
1172:, as the profits are used to fund armed confrontation between the
1152:
in southern France produces 400,000 tonnes of talc per year.
1073:
1069:
1023:
719:
702:
577:
525:. Talc is not soluble in water, and is slightly soluble in dilute
488:
472:
2497:
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
722:
of dolomites by silica-flooding in contact metamorphic aureoles:
38:"Magnesium silicate" redirects here. For the synthetic form, see
4274:
3446:
3343:
1550:
1495:
1467:
1307:
1240:
1130:
1049:
940:
layers that gives talc its perfect basal cleavage and softness.
563:
237:
Foliated to fibrous masses, rare as platey to pyramidal crystals
4424:
4278:
4170:
3308:
2622:"A review of perineal talc exposure and risk of ovarian cancer"
1196:
948:
oxygen ion) is available to bond with the trioctahedral sheet.
1685:
1570:
835:
Talc can also be formed from magnesium chlorite and quartz in
500:
3154:
Jury awards $ 417M in lawsuit linking talcum powder to cancer
2661:
Gertig, D. M.; Hunter, D. J.; Cramer, D. W.; Colditz, G. A.;
1538:(unclassifiable as to carcinogenicity in humans). Reviews by
1482:
63256-200-05) is a sclerosing agent used in the procedure of
4143:
Structural groups mainly; based on rruff.info/ima, modified
2493:"Worker Health Study Summaries – Talc Miners & Millers"
1780: – Aluminium silicate hydroxide phyllosilicate mineral
1565:
report, which found that cosmetic grade talc containing no
881:
In this reaction, the ratio of talc and kyanite depends on
260:
Flat surfaces (not cleavage), fracture in an uneven pattern
2607:"Talc – Potential Risk of Lung Effects and Ovarian Cancer"
1494:(an abnormal collection of fluid in the space between the
1424:
overall, as the cement substitute removes 0.6 tonnes of CO
1164:, Afghanistan, has led the international monitoring group
2709:"Perineal Talc Use and Ovarian Cancer: A Critical Review"
1964:
1212:
Talc is used in many industries, including paper making,
3257:"J&J strikes US states deal over baby powder claims"
2989:"Johnson & Johnson stops selling baby powder in US"
2707:
Muscat, Joshua E.; Huncharek, Michael S. (April 2008).
2219:. Babycenter.com (2017-05-01). Retrieved on 2017-05-06.
1263:
Soapstone (massive talc) is often used as a marker for
2665:; Willett, W. C.; Hankinson, S. E. (2 February 2000).
2188:"Talc: the everyday mineral funding Afghan insurgents"
3131:
3129:
1712:
In February 2016, as the result of a lawsuit against
1625:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1105:. Talc-carbonate ultramafics are also known from the
974:
The combined TOT layer thus is electrically neutral.
1692:
investigation asserted that pharmaceuticals company
1569:-like fibres was correlated with tumor formation in
4593:
4575:
4552:
4503:
4464:
4101:
4063:
4035:
4002:
3939:
3871:
3803:
3710:
3667:
3643:
3615:
3342:
2853:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011.
2825:"WHO agency says talc is 'probably' cancer-causing"
2467:
National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series
396:
383:
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144:
134:
124:
93:
83:
78:
64:
2667:"Prospective Study of Talc Use and Ovarian Cancer"
2099:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 238.
2050:(10). American Journal of Science (AJS): 881–944.
928:layers in turn consist of two tetrahedral sheets (
1651:in table salt in concentrations smaller than 2%.
2758:"Perineal Powder Use and Risk of Ovarian Cancer"
1260:-based ointments are a much safer alternative.
1040:(a high-talc rock), and within whiteschist and
1522:, talc containing asbestos is classified as a
1306:. Talc may be used in the processing of white
4436:
4290:
4182:
3320:
2900:(Sixteenth ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
2762:JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
2674:JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute
2373:, International Agency for Research on Cancer
2317:Revealed: The cement that eats carbon dioxide
1621:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1086:ultramafics are typical of many areas of the
451:. Talc in powdered form, often combined with
27:"Talcum" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
2548:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1870:An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals
1754:in its products for more than four decades.
1561:. One of these, published in 1993, was a US
2334:"Management of Malignant Pleural Effusions"
2332:American Thoracic Society (November 2000).
2217:"Is it safe to use baby powder on my baby?"
1707:International Agency for Research on Cancer
1601:International Agency for Research on Cancer
1347:Loss on ignition at 1000 °C, wt %
1310:as a buffing agent in the polishing stage.
1227:In finely ground form, talc finds use as a
978:pseudotrigonal character of talc crystals.
920:layers weakly bonded to each other by weak
211:c = 18.95 , β = 99.3°; Z = 4
207:β = 119.90°, γ = 90.09°; Z = 2 or
4443:
4429:
4421:
4297:
4283:
4275:
4189:
4175:
4167:
3327:
3313:
3305:
2952:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2010.
2867:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2009.
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1526:(carcinogenic to humans), talc use in the
1420:as it hardens. This results in a negative
1052:especially in Italy, certain areas of the
916:, meaning that it is composed of parallel
2781:
2732:
2063:
1837:
57:Hydrated magnesium phyllosilicate mineral
2851:"NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards"
2257:"What Is Soapstone Used for in Welding?"
1867:; R. A. Howie; J. Zussman, eds. (1992).
1629:immediately dangerous to life and health
1590:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1337:
447:
443:
439:
435:
392:Short UV: orange yellow; long UV: yellow
117:
113:
109:
105:
3156:. The Chronicle Herald (21 August 2017)
1802:
1594:Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel
1200:The structure of talc is composed of Si
980:
3144:(2016-10-28). Retrieved on 2017-05-06.
2627:Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
2541:
2456:
2454:
61:
2713:European Journal of Cancer Prevention
2620:Harlow, BL; Hartge, PA (April 1995).
2461:National Toxicology, Program (1993).
2155:
2143:
2131:
2119:
1859:
1857:
1582:European Journal of Cancer Prevention
491:masses, and in an exceptionally rare
166:Either prismatic (2m) or pinacoidal (
7:
3055:Rabin, Roni Caryn (22 August 2017).
1916:. Vol. II (Silica, Silicates).
1812:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
1643:considers talc (magnesium silicate)
1335:ISO standard for quality (ISO 3262)
4596:of aluminium, calcium and magnesium
3191:Frankel, Alison (24 October 2017).
1278:or in pharmaceutical products as a
556:
4451:Drugs for acid related disorders:
2577:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1971.tb00267.x
1350:Solubility in HCl, max. wt %
936:). It is the weak bonding between
479:. It is a main ingredient in many
209:a = 5.287 Å, b = 9.158 Å
25:
3282:Knauth, Dietrich (13 July 2023).
1282:. In medicine, talc is used as a
4404:
4148:
3166:Bellon, Tina (21 October 2017).
2503:from the original on 7 July 2022
1922:Mineralogical Society of America
1672:family. Serpentine minerals are
1160:Extraction in disputed areas of
1007:
995:
983:
539:composed predominantly of talc.
70:
2230:"Why Do Welders Use Soapstone?"
2168:Sergeeva, Anna (18 July 2018).
227:, brown, white, grey, colorless
4198:Mohs scale of mineral hardness
3216:Butler, Sarah (13 July 2018).
3014:Perkins, Tom (27 April 2022).
2431:(2): 121–7, discussion 117–9.
2255:Young, Pierre (10 June 2020).
1253:American Academy of Pediatrics
843:metamorphism by the following
510:of mineral hardness, based on
1:
2865:"Code of Federal Regulations"
2315:Jha, Alok (31 December 2008)
1446:Talc is sometimes used as an
3246:. NY Daily News (3 May 2016)
2922:"Is talcum powder asbestos?"
2883:Minerals Education Coalition
2725:10.1097/CEJ.0b013e32811080ef
2565:J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw
2437:10.1016/0378-4274(90)90145-C
2350:10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.ats8-00
2303:10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.03.102
1985:Minerals Education Coalition
1792: – Nesosilicate mineral
1645:generally recognized as safe
1641:Food and Drug Administration
459:. This mineral is used as a
205:c = 5.290 Å; α = 98.68°
40:synthetic magnesium silicate
2044:American Journal of Science
2024:Online Etymology Dictionary
1563:National Toxicology Program
1486:. This can be helpful as a
1286:agent to prevent recurrent
4715:
4689:Minerals in space group 15
4594:Combinations and complexes
3452:Fluorotetraferriphlogopite
3081:McLean, Rob (3 May 2016).
3036:. BBC News. 12 August 2022
2097:Introduction to mineralogy
2095:Nesse, William D. (2000).
1740:Los Angeles Superior Court
1619:In the United States, the
37:
26:
4679:Minerals in space group 2
4400:
4312:
4204:
4139:
2829:Philippine Daily Inquirer
2524:Obstetrics and Gynecology
2411:, American Cancer Society
2338:Am J Respir Crit Care Med
1746:In July 2018, a court in
1655:Association with asbestos
467:. It is an ingredient in
69:
4664:IARC Group 3 carcinogens
2407:20 November 2016 at the
2402:Talcum Powder and Cancer
2383:Talcum powder and cancer
1603:listed talc as probably
305:White jot to pearl black
2371:List of Classifications
2283:Applied Surface Science
1544:American Cancer Society
1247:powder used to prevent
1056:, and some collisional
495:form. It has a perfect
29:Talcum (disambiguation)
4529:Aluminium acetoacetate
3427:Ferroaluminoceladonite
2640:10.1006/rtph.1995.1039
2388:15 August 2012 at the
1914:Handbook of Mineralogy
1817:Mineralogical Magazine
1209:
1193:
1064:, which stretch along
1029:
583:
379:Weak in dark varieties
4514:Aceglutamide aluminum
3112:Elko Daily Free Press
2686:10.1093/jnci/92.3.249
1714:Johnson & Johnson
1694:Johnson & Johnson
1478:Sterile talc powder (
1344:Talc content min. wt%
1274:Talc is also used as
1199:
1191:
1027:
581:
136:Strunz classification
4694:Luminescent minerals
4507:(decreases motility)
4468:(increases motility)
2261:Welding Headquarters
2158:, pp. 239, 242.
1810:Warr, L. N. (2021).
1647:(GRAS) to use as an
1549:The studies discuss
1466:inflammation in the
1458:use, it may lead to
1328:. It is a source of
922:van der Waals forces
845:metamorphic reaction
285:1 (defining mineral)
4684:Monoclinic minerals
4669:Clay minerals group
4654:Cosmetics chemicals
4539:Aluminium glycinate
4524:Aluminium phosphate
4490:Magnesium hydroxide
4475:Magnesium carbonate
4411:Minerals portal
4155:Minerals portal
3442:Fluorokinoshitalite
2774:10.1093/jnci/dju208
2609:. 19 November 2018.
2392:, Cancerresearch.uk
2295:2013ApSS..276..383R
2134:, pp. 235–237.
2056:2015AmJS..315..881S
1918:Chantilly, Virginia
1839:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1830:2021MinM...85..291W
1474:Sterile talc powder
1028:Talc output in 2005
515:hardness comparison
225:Light to dark green
4699:E-number additives
4674:Triclinic minerals
4649:Symbols of Vermont
4644:Magnesium minerals
4585:Sodium bicarbonate
4495:Magnesium silicate
4485:Magnesium peroxide
3061:The New York Times
2950:"Talc Ingredients"
2930:. 16 February 1990
2807:Skeptical Inquirer
2424:Toxicology Letters
2065:10.2475/10.2015.01
1639:The United States
1599:In July 2024, the
1540:Cancer Research UK
1460:pulmonary talcosis
1251:(nappy rash). The
1210:
1194:
1168:to declare talc a
1162:Nangarhar province
1030:
584:
330:Optical properties
203:, b = 9.173 Å
4626:
4625:
4562:Calcium carbonate
4418:
4417:
4272:
4271:
4164:
4163:
3654:Ferripyrophyllite
3497:Manganiceladonite
3352:Aluminoceladonite
3263:. 23 January 2024
3114:. 15 October 2016
2927:The Straight Dope
2017:Harper, Douglas.
2005:978-0-123-87667-6
1966:Talc Mineral Data
1530:is classified as
1508:gamma irradiation
1492:pleural effusions
1410:
1409:
1170:conflict resource
1107:Lachlan Fold Belt
1103:Western Australia
899:blueschist facies
897:within the lower
403:
402:
247:Perfect on {001}
16:(Redirected from
4706:
4567:Calcium silicate
4445:
4438:
4431:
4422:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4276:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4168:
4153:
4152:
4151:
3587:Tetraferriannite
3447:Fluorophlogopite
3329:
3322:
3315:
3306:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3133:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2898:Physical Geology
2893:
2887:
2886:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2785:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2736:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2671:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2539:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2418:
2412:
2399:
2393:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2344:(5): 1987–2001.
2329:
2323:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2194:. Archived from
2184:
2178:
2177:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2067:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2014:
2008:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1969:, WebMineral.com
1961:
1955:
1954:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1911:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1873:(2nd ed.).
1861:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1807:
1649:anticaking agent
1615:Industrial grade
1488:cancer treatment
1441:detergent powder
1422:carbon footprint
1338:
1288:pleural effusion
1156:Conflict mineral
1034:ultramafic rocks
1011:
999:
987:
831:
830:
829:
823:
817:
816:
815:
809:
801:
800:
799:
781:
775:
774:
773:
766:
760:
759:
758:
752:
744:
743:
742:
732:
714:
713:
712:
705:
697:
696:
695:
689:
681:
680:
679:
661:
655:
654:
653:
647:
639:
638:
637:
619:
558:
537:metamorphic rock
477:roofing material
461:thickening agent
450:
431:chemical formula
339:Refractive index
321:Specific gravity
282:
188:
169:
120:
100:
99:(repeating unit)
88:Silicate mineral
74:
62:
21:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4639:Phyllosilicates
4629:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4595:
4589:
4571:
4548:
4499:
4480:Magnesium oxide
4460:
4449:
4419:
4414:
4405:
4403:
4396:
4357:Montmorillonite
4308:
4303:
4273:
4268:
4200:
4195:
4165:
4160:
4149:
4147:
4135:
4116:Franklinphilite
4097:
4059:
4031:
3998:
3935:
3896:Montmorillonite
3867:
3799:
3706:
3663:
3639:
3611:
3432:Ferroceladonite
3338:
3336:Phyllosilicates
3333:
3303:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3242:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3152:
3148:
3134:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2669:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2540:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2409:Wayback Machine
2400:
2396:
2390:Wayback Machine
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2314:
2310:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2236:. 28 March 2021
2228:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2016:
2015:
2011:
1996:
1992:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1892:
1885:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1774:
1703:
1674:sheet silicates
1657:
1637:
1617:
1516:
1476:
1427:
1414:Portland cement
1300:additive number
1207:
1203:
1186:
1158:
1121:, and from the
1022:
1015:
1012:
1003:
1000:
991:
988:
973:
969:
965:
961:
828:
824:
821:
820:
819:
814:
810:
805:
804:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
779:
778:
777:
771:
767:
764:
763:
762:
757:
753:
748:
747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
728:
727:
726:
710:
706:
701:
700:
699:
694:
690:
685:
684:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
659:
658:
657:
652:
648:
643:
642:
641:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
614:
613:
604:talc carbonates
582:A block of talc
576:
545:
483:. It occurs as
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
359:= 1.589 – 1.600
358:
354:
353:= 1.589 – 1.594
352:
348:
347:= 1.538 – 1.550
346:
280:
210:
208:
206:
204:
199:a = 5.291
186:
167:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
97:
58:
55:
49:
45:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4712:
4710:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4631:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4462:
4461:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4425:
4416:
4415:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4279:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4171:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4121:Lennilenapeite
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4103:Stilpnomelanes
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4050:Ferrisepiolite
4047:
4041:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4008:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3818:Brinrobertsite
3815:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3677:Bismutoferrite
3673:
3671:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3607:Yangzhumingite
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3572:Siderophyllite
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:Polylithionite
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3300:
3274:
3248:
3236:
3208:
3183:
3158:
3146:
3125:
3099:
3073:
3047:
3025:
3006:
2980:
2955:
2941:
2913:
2906:
2888:
2870:
2856:
2842:
2816:
2797:
2748:
2719:(2): 139–146.
2699:
2680:(3): 249–252.
2663:Speizer, F. E.
2653:
2612:
2598:
2571:(3): 266–272.
2555:
2514:
2484:
2450:
2413:
2394:
2375:
2363:
2324:
2308:
2273:
2247:
2234:Welders Manual
2221:
2209:
2198:on 24 May 2018
2192:Global Witness
2179:
2160:
2148:
2146:, p. 238.
2136:
2124:
2122:, p. 235.
2112:
2105:
2087:
2030:
2009:
1990:
1972:
1956:
1937:
1930:
1890:
1883:
1853:
1824:(3): 291–320.
1801:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1773:
1770:
1722:ovarian cancer
1702:
1699:
1666:white asbestos
1656:
1653:
1636:
1633:
1616:
1613:
1609:ovarian cancer
1559:ovarian cancer
1515:
1512:
1504:ethylene oxide
1475:
1472:
1425:
1418:carbon dioxide
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1296:European Union
1205:
1201:
1185:
1182:
1166:Global Witness
1157:
1154:
1099:Yilgarn Craton
1093:, notably the
1084:Talc carbonate
1054:Musgrave Block
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1006:
1004:
1001:
994:
992:
989:
982:
971:
967:
963:
959:
864:
863:
862:+ talc + water
833:
832:
826:
822:carbon dioxide
812:
796:
792:
788:
784:
769:
755:
739:
735:
720:skarnification
716:
715:
708:
692:
676:
672:
668:
664:
650:
645:carbon dioxide
634:
630:
626:
622:
575:
572:
544:
541:
497:basal cleavage
401:
400:
398:
394:
393:
390:
381:
380:
377:
371:
370:
367:
361:
360:
356:
350:
344:
341:
335:
334:
331:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
313:
307:
306:
303:
297:
296:
295:Waxy or pearly
293:
287:
286:
283:
274:
273:
268:
262:
261:
258:
252:
251:
249:basal cleavage
245:
239:
238:
235:
229:
228:
222:
218:
217:
216:Identification
213:
212:
197:
191:
190:
178:
172:
171:
164:
158:
157:
148:
146:Crystal system
142:
141:
138:
132:
131:
128:
122:
121:
101:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
76:
75:
67:
66:
56:
47:
43:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4711:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4458:
4454:
4446:
4441:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4413:
4412:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4306:Clay minerals
4300:
4295:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4265:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4187:
4185:
4180:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4157:
4156:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4132:
4131:Stilpnomelane
4129:
4127:
4126:Parsettensite
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:Ferrosaponite
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3848:Lunijianlaite
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Trilithionite
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:Oxyphlogopite
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:Luanshiweiite
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3482:Kinoshitalite
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3407:Chromphyllite
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:Boromuscovite
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3323:
3318:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3275:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3237:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3212:
3209:
3197:
3194:
3187:
3184:
3172:
3169:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3074:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3048:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3010:
3007:
2995:. 20 May 2020
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2909:
2907:9781260091656
2903:
2899:
2892:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2843:
2831:. 6 July 2024
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2768:(9): dju208.
2767:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2634:(2): 254–60.
2633:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2559:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2210:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2106:9780195106916
2102:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1884:0-582-30094-0
1880:
1876:
1875:Prentice Hall
1872:
1871:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1716:(J&J), a
1715:
1710:
1708:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1575:Health Canada
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:group 1 agent
1521:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1500:thoracic wall
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1464:granulomatous
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1326:vitrification
1323:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:food additive
1272:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:talcum powder
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1198:
1192:Talcum powder
1190:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1178:Islamic State
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1146:Luzenac Group
1142:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Guiana Shield
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1097:belts of the
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1019:
1010:
1005:
998:
993:
986:
981:
979:
975:
956:
954:
949:
947:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
869:
861:
857:
853:
850:
849:
848:
846:
842:
838:
808:
751:
731:
725:
724:
723:
721:
704:
688:
646:
618:
612:
611:
610:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
580:
573:
571:
569:
565:
561:
554:
551:derives from
550:
542:
540:
538:
534:
530:
528:
527:mineral acids
524:
520:
516:
513:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:, is used as
454:
432:
428:
425:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
399:
395:
391:
389:
386:
382:
378:
376:
372:
368:
366:
365:Birefringence
362:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
312:
308:
304:
302:
298:
294:
292:
288:
284:
279:
275:
272:
269:
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
250:
246:
244:
240:
236:
234:
233:Crystal habit
230:
226:
223:
219:
214:
202:
198:
196:
192:
189:
182:
179:
177:
173:
165:
163:
162:Crystal class
159:
156:
152:
149:
147:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
127:
123:
102:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
77:
73:
68:
63:
60:
53:
41:
34:
30:
19:
18:Talcum powder
4613:Hydrotalcite
4494:
4402:
4391:
4372:Palygorskite
4209:
4146:
4111:Bannisterite
4065:Pyrosmalites
3954:Borocookeite
3949:Baileychlore
3931:Yakhontovite
3926:Volkonskoite
3916:Swinefordite
3833:Hydrobiotite
3750:Cronstedtite
3659:Pyrophyllite
3645:Pyrophyllite
3629:
3625:Minnesotaite
3616:
3562:Preiswerkite
3507:Masutomilite
3472:Hendricksite
3291:. Retrieved
3287:
3277:
3265:. Retrieved
3260:
3251:
3239:
3227:. Retrieved
3223:The Guardian
3221:
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3195:
3186:
3174:. Retrieved
3170:
3161:
3149:
3139:
3116:. Retrieved
3111:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3086:
3076:
3064:. Retrieved
3060:
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3028:
3020:The Guardian
3019:
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2992:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2967:
2958:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2925:
2916:
2897:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2859:
2845:
2833:. Retrieved
2819:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2677:
2673:
2656:
2631:
2625:
2615:
2601:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2544:cite journal
2530:(1): 19–26.
2527:
2523:
2517:
2505:. Retrieved
2496:
2487:
2470:
2466:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2397:
2378:
2366:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2321:The Guardian
2320:
2311:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2264:. Retrieved
2260:
2250:
2238:. Retrieved
2233:
2224:
2212:
2200:. Retrieved
2196:the original
2191:
2182:
2173:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2096:
2090:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2022:
2012:
1997:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1965:
1959:
1946:
1940:
1913:
1868:
1821:
1815:
1805:
1784:Serpentinite
1778:Pyrophyllite
1766:junk science
1763:
1759:
1756:
1745:
1736:
1733:
1726:
1711:
1705:In 2006 the
1704:
1668:, is in the
1658:
1638:
1618:
1605:carcinogenic
1598:
1587:
1579:
1548:
1517:
1477:
1445:
1430:
1411:
1334:
1315:
1312:
1303:
1292:pneumothorax
1273:
1269:metalworking
1262:
1232:
1226:
1211:
1159:
1143:
1139:
1082:
1060:such as the
1044:metamorphic
1031:
976:
957:
950:
945:
942:
937:
933:
929:
925:
917:
913:
910:pyrophyllite
907:
880:
865:
834:
717:
608:
585:
559:
548:
546:
531:
519:streak plate
505:
414:clay mineral
409:
405:
404:
388:fluorescence
184:
180:
59:
4544:Carbaldrate
4534:Aloglutamol
4093:Schallerite
4088:Pyrosmalite
4045:Falcondoite
4017:Chrysocolla
3964:Clinochlore
3921:Vermiculite
3877:vermiculite
3838:Karpinskite
3805:Corrensites
3780:Manandonite
3765:Guidottiite
3755:Fraipontite
3740:Caryopilite
3735:Brindleyite
3730:Berthierine
3712:Serpentines
3692:Hisingerite
3635:Willemseite
3597:Voloshinite
3467:Gorbunovite
3437:Fluorannite
3402:Chernykhite
3372:Balestraite
2973:15 December
2289:: 383–389.
1790:Sillimanite
1729:Baby Powder
1611:in humans.
1555:lung cancer
1490:to prevent
1484:pleurodesis
1456:intravenous
1450:to illegal
1437:agriculture
1284:pleurodesis
1249:diaper rash
1241:inner tubes
1135:Middle East
903:whiteschist
895:glaucophane
457:baby powder
453:corn starch
429:, with the
385:Ultraviolet
375:Pleochroism
333:Biaxial (−)
315:Translucent
311:Diaphaneity
176:Space group
4659:Excipients
4633:Categories
4618:Magaldrate
4608:Almasilate
4519:Algeldrate
4367:Nontronite
4332:Halloysite
4240:Orthoclase
4073:Friedelite
4037:Sepiolites
4004:Allophanes
3989:Pennantite
3974:Donbassite
3901:Nontronite
3886:Beidellite
3823:Corrensite
3760:Greenalite
3745:Chrysotile
3725:Antigorite
3687:Halloysite
3669:Kaolinites
3582:Tainiolite
3567:Roscoelite
3552:Phlogopite
3542:Paragonite
3527:Norrishite
3522:Nanpingite
3512:Montdorite
3487:Lepidolite
3462:Glauconite
3412:Clintonite
3397:Celadonite
3392:Bramallite
3367:Aspidolite
2879:"Asbestos"
2156:Nesse 2000
2144:Nesse 2000
2132:Nesse 2000
2120:Nesse 2000
1952:Mindat.org
1931:0962209716
1865:W. A. Deer
1797:References
1701:Litigation
1682:food-grade
1670:serpentine
1635:Food grade
1448:adulterant
1322:stonewares
1258:Zinc oxide
1245:astringent
1133:, and the
1109:, eastern
1042:blueschist
1036:, such as
1020:Occurrence
876:stevensite
837:blueschist
617:serpentine
588:serpentine
508:Mohs scale
397:References
278:Mohs scale
151:Monoclinic
126:IMA symbol
52:forsterite
4505:Aluminium
4466:Magnesium
4382:Sepiolite
4352:Kaolinite
4347:Imogolite
4337:Hectorite
4317:Allophane
4078:Mcgillite
4055:Sepiolite
4027:Neotocite
4022:Imogolite
4012:Allophane
3979:Gonyerite
3959:Chamosite
3941:Chlorites
3911:Sauconite
3873:Smectites
3858:Saliotite
3853:Rectorite
3813:Aliettite
3795:Pecoraite
3775:Lizardite
3697:Kaolinite
3577:Suhailite
3517:Muscovite
3502:Margarite
3417:Eastonite
3092:18 August
3040:12 August
2507:31 August
2473:: 1–287.
2082:130671089
2074:0002-9599
1848:235729616
1748:St. Louis
1718:St. Louis
1678:cosmetic-
1551:pulmonary
1294:. In the
1237:lubricant
1218:soapstone
1125:belts of
1123:ophiolite
1111:Australia
1095:komatiite
1062:Himalayas
1038:soapstone
883:aluminium
872:sepiolite
734:3 CaMg(CO
687:magnesite
596:amphibole
574:Formation
547:The word
543:Etymology
533:Soapstone
481:cosmetics
465:lubricant
424:magnesium
369:δ = 0.051
325:2.58–2.83
195:Unit cell
155:triclinic
4603:Almagate
4453:Antacids
4387:Smectite
4377:Saponite
4322:Chlorite
4258:Corundum
4228:Fluorite
4083:Nelenite
3969:Cookeite
3906:Saponite
3863:Tosudite
3843:Kulkeite
3785:Népouite
3770:Kellyite
3602:Wonesite
3547:Phengite
3532:Orlovite
3422:Ephesite
3357:Anandite
3267:14 April
3261:BBC News
3141:LA Times
3087:CNNMoney
2993:BBC News
2813:(6): 54.
2792:25214560
2743:18287871
2694:10655442
2593:32300387
2501:Archived
2499:. 1995.
2479:12616290
2405:Archived
2386:Archived
2358:11069845
2174:IndexBox
1772:See also
1752:asbestos
1661:asbestos
1567:asbestos
1553:issues,
1542:and the
1532:group 2B
1528:perineum
1498:and the
1235:), as a
1229:cosmetic
1222:steatite
1088:Archaean
1066:Pakistan
1046:terranes
887:phengite
868:kerolite
852:chlorite
841:eclogite
730:dolomite
592:pyroxene
568:selenite
485:foliated
469:ceramics
427:silicate
421:hydrated
417:composed
281:hardness
266:Tenacity
256:Fracture
243:Cleavage
84:Category
42:. For Mg
4554:Calcium
4362:Nacrite
4327:Dickite
4264:Diamond
4234:Apatite
4222:Calcite
3994:Sudoite
3828:Dozyite
3790:Odinite
3720:Amesite
3702:Nacrite
3682:Dickite
3457:Garmite
3382:Biotite
3377:Bityite
3293:17 July
3288:Reuters
3229:13 July
3201:13 July
3196:Reuters
3176:13 July
3171:Reuters
3118:9 March
3066:13 July
2968:Reuters
2934:9 March
2783:4200058
2734:3621109
2648:7644715
2585:5558843
2536:1603491
2445:2198684
2291:Bibcode
2266:7 March
2240:7 March
2052:Bibcode
1826:Bibcode
1690:Reuters
1536:group 3
1361:4 – 6.5
1318:crazing
1280:glidant
1265:welding
1214:plastic
1174:Taliban
1150:Luzenac
1113:, from
1091:cratons
1058:orogens
953:brucite
860:kyanite
807:calcite
600:olivine
553:Persian
512:scratch
493:crystal
489:fibrous
412:, is a
271:Sectile
140:9.EC.05
95:Formula
79:General
4577:Sodium
4342:Illite
4246:Quartz
4216:Gypsum
3984:Nimite
3879:family
3647:series
3477:Illite
3362:Annite
2999:20 May
2904:
2835:7 July
2790:
2780:
2741:
2731:
2692:
2646:
2591:
2583:
2534:
2477:
2443:
2356:
2202:24 May
2103:
2080:
2072:
2019:"talc"
2007:p. 283
2003:
1981:"Talc"
1928:
1907:"Talc"
1881:
1846:
1557:, and
1514:Safety
1452:heroin
1433:paints
1298:, the
1127:Turkey
1117:, the
1115:Brazil
1078:Bhutan
1076:, and
946:apical
924:. The
893:, and
891:garnet
856:quartz
811:3 CaCO
750:silica
691:3 MgCO
598:, and
566:, and
523:luster
503:form.
475:, and
473:paints
410:talcum
301:Streak
291:Luster
50:, see
4252:Topaz
3617:Talcs
3344:Micas
2670:(PDF)
2589:S2CID
2078:S2CID
1910:(PDF)
1844:S2CID
1506:, or
1496:lungs
1468:lungs
1320:. In
1304:E553b
1074:Nepal
1070:India
874:, or
765:water
754:4 SiO
703:water
535:is a
501:platy
408:, or
221:Color
4457:A02A
4392:Talc
4210:Talc
3875:and
3630:Talc
3295:2023
3269:2024
3231:2018
3203:2018
3178:2018
3120:2021
3094:2016
3068:2018
3042:2022
3001:2020
2975:2018
2936:2019
2902:ISBN
2837:2024
2788:PMID
2739:PMID
2690:PMID
2644:PMID
2581:PMID
2550:link
2532:PMID
2509:2022
2475:PMID
2441:PMID
2354:PMID
2268:2022
2242:2022
2204:2018
2101:ISBN
2070:ISSN
2001:ISBN
1947:Talc
1926:ISBN
1879:ISBN
1680:and
1623:and
1571:rats
1520:IARC
1462:, a
1403:4–27
1389:4–18
1341:Type
1308:rice
1184:Uses
1176:and
1131:Oman
1050:Alps
970:(OH)
839:and
825:3 CO
795:(OH)
780:talc
675:(OH)
660:talc
649:3 CO
633:(OH)
621:2 Mg
564:mica
560:tālk
557:تالک
549:talc
506:The
463:and
446:(OH)
406:Talc
181:C2/c
116:(OH)
65:Talc
33:TALC
31:and
4262:10
2778:PMC
2770:doi
2766:106
2729:PMC
2721:doi
2682:doi
2636:doi
2573:doi
2471:421
2433:doi
2346:doi
2342:162
2299:doi
2287:276
2060:doi
2048:315
1834:doi
1686:FDA
1480:NDC
1406:30
1392:30
1378:10
1375:4–9
1330:MgO
1302:is
1290:or
1267:or
1220:or
1101:in
938:TOT
926:TOT
918:TOT
914:TOT
707:3 H
487:to
419:of
183:or
153:or
130:Tlc
46:SiO
4635::
4256:9
4250:8
4244:7
4238:6
4232:5
4226:4
4220:3
4214:2
4208:1
3286:.
3259:.
3220:.
3138:.
3128:^
3110:.
3085:.
3059:.
3018:.
2991:.
2966:.
2924:.
2881:.
2827:.
2811:43
2809:.
2786:.
2776:.
2764:.
2760:.
2737:.
2727:.
2717:17
2715:.
2711:.
2688:.
2678:92
2676:.
2672:.
2642:.
2632:21
2630:.
2624:.
2587:.
2579:.
2569:78
2567:.
2546:}}
2542:{{
2528:80
2526:.
2495:.
2469:.
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2453:^
2439:.
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2427:.
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2340:.
2336:.
2319:,
2297:.
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2259:.
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2076:.
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2042:.
2021:.
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1924:.
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1912:.
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1842:.
1832:.
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1137:.
1129:,
1080:.
1072:,
1068:,
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905:.
889:,
870:,
858:→
854:+
847::
818:+
802:+
793:10
787:Si
783:Mg
776:→
761:+
745:+
698:+
682:+
673:10
667:Si
663:Mg
656:→
640:+
625:Si
606:.
594:,
590:,
570:.
555::
529:.
471:,
444:10
438:Si
434:Mg
114:10
108:Si
104:Mg
4459:)
4455:(
4444:e
4437:t
4430:v
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2054::
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1836::
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1426:2
1397:D
1383:C
1369:B
1355:A
1231:(
1206:5
1204:O
1202:2
972:2
968:3
962:O
960:4
934:O
930:T
827:2
813:3
797:2
791:O
789:4
785:3
772:O
770:2
768:H
756:2
740:2
738:)
736:3
711:O
709:2
693:3
677:2
671:O
669:4
665:3
651:2
635:4
631:5
629:O
627:2
623:3
448:2
442:O
440:4
436:3
357:γ
355:n
351:β
349:n
345:α
343:n
201:Å
187:1
185:C
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168:1
118:2
112:O
110:4
106:3
54:.
48:4
44:2
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