Talk:Æthelbald of Mercia

1581:

Kentish, East Anglian and Mercian dynastic lines and interests were united. As a daughter of Wulfhere and Eormenhild, granddaughter of Penda, Seaxburga and Eorconberht, great-granddaughter of Eadbald and Anna, and widow of the discredited Ceolred, her maternal side religious personal heredity is entirely Kentish and East Anglian, and it is likely that her father Wulfhere's conversion (and initial apprehension of Mercian power) came through his Kentish marriage, which came at or soon after his accession and provided the necessary southern alliances to reinforce his reign against the rivalry of Northumbria. Notice also the apparent extension of Medeshamstede patronage over the Middle Anglian and Mercian church, as a twin hub of religious hegemony together with East Anglian Ely, centred around the Fen. (Possibly Tatwine, who (probably at Repton) recommended Guthlac to go to Crowland in 699, was the same who later ruled Breedon, and rose in 731 to Canterbury? - as I suggested in 'The Mercian Perspective' in Sally Foster's St Andrews Sarcophagus volume, Dublin 1998.) The prosperity of Aelfwald's East Anglia, especially Gipeswic, the rising monasteries, and the development of the coinage, indicate that its substance was not dissipated in hostilities towards Mercia or suppressed by Mercian exploitation. Hence it was no doubt affiliated to Mercian superiority, but retained its dynasty at least down to Aelfwald's death (and probably right down to Edmund). I presume that if there is a connection between Beorna of East Anglia and Beornred of Mercia (identity or kinship), the last years of Aethelbald before his assassination may have been coloured by changing East Anglian policy. At that point it is hard to tell whether Beornred has represented a party hostile to Athelbald, perhaps prompting his assassination in order to seize power, or whether he may be an Athelbald partizan stepping in to try to hold off the ambition of Offa. In the latter case, it might be that the partition of East Anglia in 749 was an external policy of Aethelbald's: alternatively East Anglia may have been seized by the 'B' dynasts as a stronghold against him. Difficult to know, but it is clearly a departure from the apparent long peace of the period 713-749. If as Huntingdon or Malmesbury says (I forget which), the East Angles were with Aethelbald at the battle of Burford Bridge against Cuthred of Wessex in 752, they were his allies even after the death of Aelfwald. The most recent reference for this case being made is, I'm afraid, to me! e.g.:

990:

Boniface's letter to Aelfwald of East Anglia is clearly in relation to two of the capitula of the Council, and he was writing to these rulers in advance of the Council trying to get them to support his reforms, precisely because he was worried about the path Ethelbald was following. But clearly the early to mid 8th century Mercian church (eg Peterborough (and it colonies), Breedon (Tatwine going to Canterbury), the painted book art of (say) Rome Gospels, Leningrad Gospels, Stockholm Codex Aureus, etc are showing developments which imply that patronage of the church was very strong in Mercia, and linked both to Northumbria and Canterbury. Boniface is being more political, and in his fiery letter to Ethelbald he doesn't really mean that Ethelbald is in danger of becoming a pagan or anything like that - at this stage Boniface is a Very elder statesman in Europe.

2048:

further progress in his reforms; Charles Martel was much less interested in ecclesiastical affairs than Carloman. I agree that as the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms become more thoroughly Christianized, a strong (or just headstrong) archbishop could wield influence via admonishments, but doesn't Bede bewail the fact that monasteries are falling away from their ideals, just a decade before Aethelbald's letter? So it's surely not the case that the English church's moral authority is increasing at this time. Boniface is actually writing to English archbishops, not to Aethelbald directly, presumably partly because it would be rude to bypass them in such a matter; but also perhaps because Boniface knows he has little leverage and he wants Ecgberht to help locate a fulcrum to use to move Aethelbald.

192: 171: 2017:(2003), Joanna Storey writes: "Was the renewal of the York pallium and equivalent developments in Francia a simple coincidence? The missions of Willibrord and Boniface can be seen as the ecclesiastical sword in an essentially political and military campaign by proto-royal Carolingian princes; so too the elevation of the brother of the Northumbrian king to archiepiscopal status had profound political ramifications in that kingdom....It is thus arguable that the re-establishment of York to metropolitan status should be seen within the broader context of developments in the Frankish church." 1474:

philologists because it was identical in shape to the OE letter, or if the OE letters were treated as separate and have merged insensibly in modern usage with the ligature, but there's no question that the current most common spellings use the glyph "Æ". (I haven't checked sources such as newspaper articles and so forth, which might well use "Ae" more; I checked some textbooks.) So while I can't say the source of the "Æ" is irrelevant, it seems to me that it doesn't have as much impact on this decision as the form of the glyph in current usage.

1942:

important enough to preserve. The point that is intended to be made is that although each of the other kingdoms still had their own ruler, they were subject to Æthelbald's authority in some ways -- this is different to the implication of "ruled", which I think would naturally be interpreted as Æthelbald actually taking the kingship of these other kingdoms. The intent of the subsequent explanation of overlordship in that paragraph is to make this clear. If it doesn't do that, I'll see if I can tweak it to make it the differences more apparent.

971:'Bretwalda'. I don't remember what the WP article on this title says, but in general the Chronicle use of the term is retrospective (Bede doesn't use the term) and may be part of a later (West Saxon) propagandist way of looking at their history, which might account for why AEthelbald and Offa were left out, despite being so important! In other words, they can justify making Bede's 'top rulers' into bretwaldas (whatever that really means), but they are not going to dignify the ruddy Mercians with such a title if they don't have to. 297: 276: 1229:

later in the article. Let me know if you think this is acceptable. Second, I think the right answer on the spellings is probably to move the article to "Aethelbald"; the "Ethelbald" spelling is now old-fashioned, and I don't think the spelling with the "Æ" ligature should be used as the primary one. However, I hate to move it while the GA is underway. Is it OK if I leave that till the GA is over? Then I can place a proposed-move template on the article and let others comment.

307: 385: 2091:

Boniface talked of his "fellow Saxons" in Germany. I think that Christendom was remarkably integrated at this time: it was an age of scholarship, and people like Bede, Boniface, and Ecgberht thought nothing of writing to each other regularly in Latin, borrowing books, or whatever. Priests would move to posts far from their native lands. Pilgrims were forever backwards and forwards to Rome, including royals like Ine and clerics like Ecgberht.

202: 22: 838:. War with the Welsh, says Kirby (p. 133), rests on the Chronicle, Ms A, s.a. 743: "It may be that these West Saxon kings were obliged to join the Mercian ruler on occasion at least on his military campaigns, as indeed earlier kings had assisted Penda and Wulfhere." And, indeed, as later kings may have aided Cenwulf against Eardwulf. Essentially, the alliance with the Picts has been chewed over since Frank Stenton was writing 2076:

he has got this from Marianus, who was connected to Mainz, makes me believe that he's correct. And when I looked up the archbishopric of Mainz, I found that its status as the substitute for the papacy north of the alps can be sourced. It makes Boniface's interventions in England seem logical; to me, I must say, Boniface comes over as if he feels he very much does have leverage (he met popes several times and wrote to them).

418: 1844:"The election of Tatwine, a priest in the monastery of Breedon on the Hill in the territory of the Middle Angles, to be archbishop of Canterbury on the death of Beorhtwald in early 731, should perhaps be seen as an expression of Aethelbald’s influence, and likewise that of Nothelm, a priest of London, to Canterbury in 734–5, and of Cuthbert, probably the former bishop of Hereford, to Canterbury in 740." 139: 77: 53: 689:(unindent) OK, I added the note about the fit back, citing EHD. I don't have access to a copy so a page number is needed; I suppose I could cite Zaluckyj instead but EHD seems a better source. I'll try to put a to-do list together for this article before I finish with it, and that can go on the list. Thanks for the BAR reference. One day I'll get to the UT library and get to some of these. 768:, p. 130. He doesn't say biased exactly, rather "This spate of exalted titles for Aethelbald, which finds no echo elsewhere in texts from centres other than Worcester, could well be a purely local phenomenon in the mid-730s, peculiar to Worcester, with little direct bearing on the chronology of the process by which Aethelbald made himself master of the southern kingdoms." Hope this helps, 895:, and appropriate redirects created. As far as I can tell from the references I'm using, that's much the most common spelling. The "Ethelbald" spelling is rare, and using "Æthelbald" may be technically correct but should not be the primary form, since few people will type that in. If this is agreed, then I will also change all spellings in the article to use "Aethelbald". 1041:

religious men. East Anglian influence was felt at Crowland, and when Guthlac died in 714 abbess Ecgburgh provided a stone coffin for his burial. Ceolred died in 716 (blaspheming and insane, according to his chroniclers), the posterity of Penda became extinct or disempowered, and AEthelbald emerged as ruler of Mercia. Soon afterwards he richly endowed the church at Crowland.

726:

subsequently succeeded Aethelheard in 739, as Aethelbald's dependants or at least obliged them to make territorial concessions." He then goes on to the occupation of Somerton, and the charters S.1410, S.1679, and S.1258 and says: "The impression these records give is that Aethelbald brought certain West Saxon territories directly under his own authority..." and so on.

2243: 2005:, the pope's substitute north of the alps, and interpreting that role to cover to Anglo-Saxon England too, then his letters to England make perfect sense. He was not busybodying, as might at first appear, but carrying out his designated task of running the northern church. At the moment, he pops up in the article without his role being explained. 1752:

Herefrith reads it to Aethelbald. It's interesting that he tells Herefrith to read the letter exactly as he finds it, which makes me think that Ecgberth had the letter first; or perhaps when Boniface says "I ordered this letter to be shown to you", he means by Herefrith, so that Herefrith gave it to Ecgberht who gave it back to Herefrith.

1034:

became a place of refuge for a Mercian royal counter-claimant, Æthelbald, who appears to have received encouragement and protection there from the East Anglian nobility. However this development, extremely important in its outcome, had not fully unfolded when Ealdwulf died in 713, leaving his son Ælfwald as heir to the East Anglian kingdom.

87: 1646:-- Plunkett doesn't directly draw the conclusions about friendly relations, though he does go into the underlying details to establish the connections. If another source is found that makes the overall assertion about Æthelbald's political approach to East Anglia and Lindsey, then Plunkett can be used to back it up. 800:

I may have a ref for Ethelbald attacking Northumbria, but not for Eadberht being away fighting the Picts at the time, nor for the burning of York. I have nothing on the 722 defeat. Angus, do you have anything here? (I've ordered a copy of Kirby, so with luck that will solve the problem in a couple of weeks.)

2030:

which issued comprehensive decrees of reforming legislation designed to root out abuses in the Austrasian church". Boniface was on a mission in every sense of the word; Aethelbald was just one of his targets. However, I think we'd need more sources than John of Worcester on Boniface being the pope's second.

986:'began a long period of mercian Domination' - some would say it had already been growing pretty much since Penda's time, and had reached considerable heights in the time of Wulfhere and Aethelred. And there are times in the 9th century when the reign of Wiglaf (after his recovery) looks pretty impressive too. 2035:

Fletcher gives a small bibliography for Boniface. The two that sound useful are Wallace-Hadrill, "The Frankish Church", which apparently has a chapter on Boniface; and Reuter, "The Greatest Englishman". The latter is not available on Google Books; the former is partly available--the relevant chapter

2008:

As the church begins to involve itself in deposing and anointing temporal rulers, its power takes a vaulting leap, and earthly rulers suddenly need to take note. Perhaps this is one reason why Aethelbald appears to have played ball when Boniface told him to "Remember that you were made king and ruler

1686:

The discussion of the 9C document saying Æthelbald slew the kinsman of a Mercian abbess is cited in Kirby from CS 535 and S 1782. CS 535 appears to be S 209, and is on anglo-saxons.net, as cited; the other charter is not there. In addition my Latin is not good enough for me to be sure what is being

799:

These two sentences: "In 722, a Mercian defeat at the hands of the Welsh was recorded, probably against Ithel ap Morgan of Glywysing. In 740, in the north, Ethelbald took advantage of the absence of Eadberht in a campaign against the Picts to invade Northumbria and burn York." are unsourced. I think

706:

I'm removing this comment "The successful claimant to the throne of Wessex, Aethelheard, seems to have subsequently ruled subject to Mercian authority. This may indicate that his claim to the throne had been supported by Ethelbald." since I can't find a source for it. It's not in ASC; I have a vague

2047:

I'm also a bit nervous about the "vaulting leap": you pointed out, I think, that Boniface's power was always dependent on secular rulers, and that this was a recognized limitation. Fletcher comments that Boniface has to wait for Charles Martel to leave his kingdom to his three sons in order to make

942:

I found an 1841 print of the crypt on Gutenberg.org; that'll do. I'm not going to worry about the spelling for now; that's something that should probably be settled consistently across a whole set of articles, and it's more important (and more fun) to get more articles up to GA/FA first. I'm going

2075:

Well, unlike my previous comments, these weren't suggestions for specific improvements to the article, but just musings for the talk page. (Who knows how long people will be working on this article?). Yes, we would need more than John of Worcester on this (though he's very good), but the fact that

1825:

Dang. Thanks for pointing that out; I hadn't realized what a mish-mash it was of different versions. I think some of those are probably relics of Angus's involvement; I know he uses Kirby. Anyway, all are now fixed and it should be consistently cited to one version now; I've made it the one I've

1645:

I've now got a copy of Dr. Plunkett's book: the relevant sections are 142-143, where he discusses "East Anglian and Mercian politics in the Fen:, and a long paragraph on p. 147 where he returns to the same topic. After some thought I think I'm not going to add anything to the article based on this

1473:

seems to indicate that Septentrionalis is right that they have two different origins; as a ligature used for Latin, and as a letter ("ash" or "æsc") in Old English. However, the main reason for the move is that current orthography uses this symbol. I don't know whether the ligature was adopted by

1040:

Ceolred's appropriation of monastic assets created disaffection. His persecution of a distant cousin Æthelbald (grandson of Penda's brother Eowa) drove the man to take refuge deep in the Fen at Crowland, where Guthlac, another descendant of the Mercian royal house, lived as a hermit with a group of

1017:

Bretwaldaship -- I think this is done; I've found it hard to find sources that come out and say that the Chronicle has been regarded by some as West Saxon propaganda, but I think there's enough there now. The fact that the chronicler was West Saxon is not controversial, nor is Offa's dominance. I

2029:

This is interesting, but I'm a little out of my depth here. I have few other sources to turn to, but Fletcher's "Who's Who in Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon England" does mention that it was at Boniface's prompting, "and with papal encouragement, that Carloman convened councils in 742, 743 and 744

1601:

I've ordered these references from my local library; the main one to look at seems to me to be the argument as to why East Anglian relations were so quiet. However, from the point of view of an article on Æthelbald himself, the research addresses the lack of conflict with East Anglia and asks why

1767:

Incidentally, one thing I noticed from reading Boniface's long letter to Aethelbald is that he makes a big thing of Aethelbald not having taken a lawful wife, which is how he gets onto this business about lust, because to sleep with women when not married amounted to the crime of fornication. The

1741:

The relevant part of Boniface's letter to Herefrith says: "We eight bishops, whose names are given below, meeting together, urgently request you, our dearest brother, to convey to Ethelbald, king of the Mercians, our letter of admonition, to read it to him with your explanations, and, in the same

1228:

Victor, I've started working on the copyediting changes, and have two questions so far. First, the new infobox includes a picture of the crypt, as that's the only picture I have that seems even vaguely appropriate. To make the infobox a reasonable size I've shrunk the picture and then reused it

1033:

The closing years of Ealdwulf's reign were coloured by the unsatisfactory rule of Ceolred, who depleted the monastic assets to support his style of kingship. At this time the Mercian royal hermit Saint Guthlac was living in the secluded fenland Isle of Crowland, north of Peterborough. His retreat

974:

Maybe worth saying what a big dynastic crisis the end of Ceolred was: the end of the whole dynasty from Penda, so that they had to find a descendant of his brother Eowa, who died in the battle in which Oswald was slain. Therefore this whole business about Guthlac is important, because Ceolred was

725:

1 is done (and the mysterious Ceolwald gets a mention now). On the second point, Kirby, p. 133, says "Among the West Saxons it may be that it was Aethelbald's support which enabled Aethelheard to defeat the aetheling Oswald, and that this established both Aethelheard and his brother, Cuthred, who

1853:

I believe it would be unrealistic to think that this wasn't the way things were done in those days, both in England and on the continent. The church had a constant fight to gain independence from its secular protectors, but it obviously depended on them, too. When an archbishop of Canterbury was

1731:

Mike, I've found it in a book of Boniface's letters. The relevant passage is: "I sent a letter of exhortation and admonition to Ethelbald, king of Mercia, with the advice and consent of the bishops who are working with me. I ordered this letter to be shown to you for inspection so that you might

2159:

Writing articles is certainly a question of synthesizing secondary sources, but I find that one sometimes has to analyse for oneself a bit in order to understand what these secondary sources mean and to synthesize them in the most helpful way for the readers. Often the problem is that secondary

2090:

in 751; to me that really is a vaulting leap in church power: the church now becomes the spiritual sword of the secular rulers it chooses to anoint. Storey starts her book at 750. How close were the Franks to the Anglo-Saxons? There were lots of Anglo-Saxons involved in the Frankish church, and

2085:

Carolingian history hinges upon the partnership between pope and emperor: it was the birth of the Holy Roman Empire no less—thereafter it became very important for rulers to have papal backing: Offa actually meets papal legates in England and gets their backing to found his own archbishopric at

1694:

I have added "stabbed—or smitten" from the quote Stenton gives, which is from CS 535, and I think the sentence is good now. (Stenton has the knack of just dropping enough detail in here and there to bring these documents to life and lift the prose.) I doubt there's much else to know about this,

1580:

The claim that East Anglia (under AElfwald) and Mercia under AEthelbald were friendly, is based on the East Anglian patronage of Guthlac during Aethelbald's exile in Crowland (see Felix Life of Guthlac) and from the matriarchal prominence of Werburga as Mercian abbess and patroness, in whom the

989:

I don't think the big Clofesho of 746/7 or whenever was a response to Boniface's letter - I think it was at a time when the whole English church was looking to Boniface as leading a huge movement on the continent, and reforms in England were earnestly needed and being prompted through Boniface.

2117:

Didn't mean to sound negative -- I was just curious about some of the reasoning. I hadn't known about Childeric III's deposition -- that's an interesting story, and does support your argument. I'll keep reading, and if I get more substantive things to say I'll post here again. As it is I am

1941:

I just changed a part of a recent edit be Ceoil back: the version as it now stands is "Æthelbald had all the English south of the Humber under his overlordship". It had been "Æthelbald ruled over all of England south of the Humber". The difference between overlordship and ruling is, I think,

1006:

Personally I think (see Aelfwald of East Anglia) that Ethelbald, although the senior ruler, made the Mercian ascendancy by having a completely friendly relation with East Anglia from the start, and therefore had all the East Anglian allies with him, i.e. he didn't dissipate Mercian energies in

1751:

At last it is clear to me: the reason Boniface has sent this letter to be checked by Ecgberht is that from so far away he cannot be sure that the information he has received about Aethelbald's misdeeds is correct: Ecgberht, Boniface's man on the ground, is to remove anything inaccurate before

751:

Another question: I have just added a note about the titles Ethelbald had in his charters: "King of Britain", and "King of all the South English". I am pretty sure I've seen a comment somewhere to the effect that every charter that gives Ethelbald these grand titles comes from the Worcester

1606:

of sources. For this reason I don't think it's necessary to address this before taking it to FAC. Conversely I won't rush to add this without getting Stephen's book in front of me to refer to, though I suppose it could be added from Stephen's material above, and reffed as he indicates.

1621: 1280:

I've checked the article again and (after some very minor copyedits) I think it now complies with all GA criteria. Congratulations!!! For future improvement I would reccomend further refinement of the prose which is still somewhat difficult for a common reader to understand. Greetings,

1858:, and if his line hadn't faded out so quickly, who knows, it might have lasted. But the church strengthens its control of appointments during times of secular weakness. There was always mutual intertwining: this Ecgberht of York chap, for example, was the king of Northumbria's brother. 2160:

historians write their carefully judged sentences in the context of their whole book, or of scholarship in the field, whereas we have only a few thousand words at our disposal and sometimes have to help the readers with the context of the various statements or ideas that we borrow.

1742:

from and order in which we wrote and sent it to you, to call his attention to each point with your exhortations. For we have heard that in your fear of God you fear not the person of man and that at times the said king has been willing to give some little heed to your warnings."

922:, which would have to be fair use only. Alas! no pics of the rider that I saw. As for coins, the Fitzwilliam medieval corpus db starts with Offa. For the naming, I usually go with the ghastly ligatures, and redirect to those, but I have no problem with "Aethelbald". 619:

Angus, thanks for the pointers. I'm not familiar with these sources but will do some research; the "Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England" site I can reference directly, of course, but I'd like to cite the countervailing comment you attribute to Kirby, too. Thanks.

707:

memory that it's because Aethelheard is listed as a subregulus on a charter somewhere but the charters I found him on don't support that. I'm adding it to the to-do list to put back when sourced. I also can't find an assertion like this in any secondary sources.

2012:

I think Boniface wrote to York rather than Canterbury for assistance in bringing Aethelbald to heel because the renewed York archbishopric (its status had lapsed) was part of a restructuring of the church emanating from Boniface's circle on the continent. In

2184:"The Mercian Perspective", Steven J. Plunkett, in {{cite book |last= Foster|first=Sally|title= The St Andrews Sarcophagus: A Pictish Masterpiece and Its International Connections|pages=207|year= 1998|publisher= Four Courts Press|isbn=1-85182-415-4}} 2041:

I don't think I follow Storey's argument. Your sentence prior to the quote from her makes sense, but how can Boniface's mission, which appears to have been concocted from his ambition combined with papal authorization, be a project of Carolingian

1186:), the article seems to be adequately referenced. However, there seems to be a problem with the spelling of the name Ethebald. There should be a footnote explaining why there are alternative spellings (Ethebald, Aethebald, Æthebald) and why was 2187:

The quote is: "Breedon was sufficiently important in 731 for its abbot, Tatwine (author of a book of riddles), to be appointed Archbishop of Canterbury (HE V, 2); he may have been the same Tatwine who first recommended Crowland to Guthlac."

572:. Zaluckyj quotes a different excerpt: Ceolred was "...feasting in splendour amidst his companions - as those who were present have testified - suddenly in his sin sent mad by a malign spirit...". (Zaluckyj, p.136, quoting Whitelock's 1999:, who had been based at Mainz and so this addition to the ASC information is worth attention, I think. If indeed Boniface's status amounted to second to the pope and if he considered himself to be acting in the church hierarchy as 2086:

Lichfield. So what I'm trying to track is the origins of this movement. Certainly one can see a precursor in Boniface's anointing of Pepin as king (after all, Pepin was not a Merovingian) and the church-endorsed deposition of

1922:

In fact it was not written by Bede, though there is some suggestion that the first few entries may have been. I have added a ref for this. I've put the explanation in the footnote, rather than the body text; is this enough?

1781:

The article doesn't mention what influence, if any, Æthelbald had over important church appointments outside Mercia, such as the archbishopric of Canterbury. I haven't found information on this but it's something to look

1723:

The note about Boniface authorizing Ecgberht to edit the letter as he saw fit should be expanded with reference to the original letter, if possible. According to Kirby this is letter 74 in Whitelock's "English Historical

1007:

pointless hostility with East Anglia, he had a friendship policy through the Fen religious houses and so was able to concentrate on controlling the West Saxons (though he lost out to Cuthred) and the Northumbrians.

719:

Find a source for "The successful claimant to the throne of Wessex, Aethelheard, seems to have subsequently ruled subject to Mercian authority. This may indicate that his claim to the throne had been supported by

813:

Here's what I have from Campbell: "Annalistic references suggest that he attacked the Welsh, the Northumbrians and the West Saxons (several times), and that he may have been allied with King Angus of the Picts."

2369: 842:. What the current orthodoxy is, I have no idea. Woolf had the last word so far, and took a Stentonesque position: the alliance did not exists and the "evidence" is not more than a scribal error or corruption. 2053:

Just some thoughts. I should say, as I think I have before, that this field of study is entirely new to me, so please forgive obvious oversights and mistaken conclusions -- I don't know this material very

881:

I'd also like an image of the crypt at Repton. There's a good picture in Swanton, and another in Campbell, but fair use doesn't apply to pictures of buildings that could be made available in free versions.

1250:

Hello, I've seen your edits and they are certainly a step in the right direction. About the pics, IMHO you should not put an image twice in the same article. Also, image size should not be specified per

1974:

Who did this Boniface think he was, writing to Aethelbald, Ecgberht (archbishop of York), and Cuthbert (archbishop of Canterbury), pretty much telling the three most important men in England what to do?

1768:

letter is so lively that I think an extract from it would inject immediacy into the article: I'm going to pop and do some edits in a moment. Please revert me if you think I add anything inappropriate.

1050:

This is hard to expand upon without citable sources; I'll see what I can find. The idea that Clovesho and Gumley are responses to Boniface's letter appears in a couple of places so I'm leaving it in.

752:

scriptorium, and so may be giving a biased view. I can't find this anywhere -- I thought it was in Campbell's "The Anglo-Saxons", but it doesn't seem to be there. Does this ring a bell with anyone?

2364: 1687:

said in CS 535, though I don't see anything about Æthelbald there. I think this will require getting hold of a copy of S 1782 and a translation in order to properly describe the original sources.

1679: 479: 399: 1628:

that a harmonious relationship prevailed for some time after Aethelbald became king between the Mercian king and Aelfwald...otherwise it would be difficult to explain the dedication of the

1255:. As for the page move, I'm of the same opinion as you, it can wait until after the GA nomination is over. Maybe you can put a footnote explaining why the different spellings. Greetings, -- 1705: 912:

I have no artistic talent whatsoever and couldn't really help with a map, but I'll see if I can google up a C19th one from somewhere. There are images of the crypt on Flickr, but they are

1992:"AD 750 Pepin, by order of pope Zachary, was anointed emperor by Boniface, archbishop of Mainz, in consequence of which the bishop of Mainz is considerd as next in dignity to the pope." 1514:

As someone who has studied Old English somewhat, I can tell you that Æ and æ were used to write Old English in the times of people such as these various kings; it's not an anachronism.

2349: 1912:"According to a later continuation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History" - The wording implies that it was not written by Bede, or at least is unclear - later to what. Can you clarify. 1087:), the article has some problems with clarity. There are several instances in which new characters are introduced to the story without an explanation on who they are. For instance: 874:, but I don't really like it because it uses modern English counties as the elements, which I think gives a misleading idea of precision in the boundaries. The earlier map used in 424: 353: 2181:

I temporarily have the St. Andrew's Sarcophagus book in my possession, so here's the reference if it's needed later for the assertion that the two Tatwines are the same person:

363: 926:

would be the man to speak to on this subject. He's an expert on the subject and I'm sure he'd be willing to offer suggestions. He's done a lot of marvellous East Anglian stuff.

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I have added a line about Aethelbald’s influence over the archbishopric of Canterbury; here is the reference in full (from Kirby 113; are we looking at different editions?):

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Hiya Mike, thanks for your message! I think there are a few papers by the Biddles floating around about Repton, and I am scratching around for my refs at present, but try:

2142:

Well, Anglo-Saxon history is all about hypotheses, I think. And me too, I'm just another amateur playing at historians; but that's that's part of the fun of this hobby.

1804:

Yes, I have the 1992 edition -- I put a note in a recent edit summary to say I was changing the page number just to keep consistency on the edition cited throughout.

1368:

page. The note there about the OED still using "Æ" is still correct. These names use the "Æ" and should be so listed; the redirects will take care of any confusion.

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page comes from St. Boniface. It needs a source citation, though, since another WP article can't be used as a source and the Ceolred article doesn't cite it.

2329: 1499:, which uses ligatures, it would make sense to follow their system, except when "use common names", in cases such as like Alfred or Edward, comes into play. 258: 248: 1979:

What was the connection between developments in England and developments on the continent as far as the relationship between church and state was concerned?

1883:

Thanks for these. I will still keep an eye out for an affordable copy of EHD and will follow up on Boniface's letter if I get it. Next up, by the way, is

1062:

The point about East Anglian friendship would be good to include in the dominance section; needs to be sourced, presumably from one of Steven's articles.

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I read the Latin page too and I can't see the relevant bit of text either, though it's obviously connected, being about Burgred and donations. But this

1495:. I would like to see some consistency, MoS-style, in the way we present OE names. Given that the most accessible source of info on AS people is the 2319: 105: 1970:

Nothing wrong with a small dose of "original thought" on the talk page, so here are some ideas on two questtions that keep niggling away at me:

2324: 1357:. The analogous changes should occur on the pages linked to in the dab; I will post a move request separately in those places and on the dab. 899:

Any other comments or suggestions? I think this is close enough for GA now, but I think it needs a little more for FA. Thanks for any ideas.

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was going to mention Penda as an example of West Saxon bias, along with Aethelbald and Offa, but I left him out because Bede omits him too.

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After having reviewed the article I've put it on hold per the following shortcomings (listed following the Good Article Criteria listing):

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I think this is now dealt with -- I cited Stenton for the note on Ceolred oppressing the monasteries, and mentioned the change of dynasty.

878:

is dated around 600 and is really a little early. I could create one using DMIS if necessary, though I'm not all that deft with graphics.

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On the Biddles and the Repton stone: I've now found a ref for that in the Blackwell Encyclopedia and have added it and cited Blackwell.

648:

Sounds interesting -- can you give me an ISBN? I just did a search for it and found their "Offa's Dyke" but not the book you mention.

1732:

correct whatever you found wrong in it and might flavour with the spice of your wisdom and strengthen by authority whatever was right."

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Thanks; I finally found the reference in Campbell, but the quote from Kirby is clearer, so I put something in and cited from Kirby.

508:

Ethelbald was effectively first king of unified Br. See W S Churchill's History of the British People (whatever its exact title...)

113: 2238:

When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.

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Boniface has bad things to say about Ceolred, but Kirby thinks this is down to bias amongst his informants. There's a quote at the

104:, a collaborative effort to create, develop and organize Knowledge's articles about people. All interested editors are invited to 1442:

is Æthelbald, regardless of what it may have been at other times and what alphabetic changes may have occurred in the interim. --

1390:— This request seems entirely laudable. There is no technical reason to avoid Æ, as long as redirects are in place, and the most 1003:

I seem to remember that Ethelbald's regnal styles in his charters are important as evidence of his projection of the royal image.

1955:

I have no problem with that; its a big danger in drive by editing; correct meaning can often be lost. Thanks for the oversight.

1053:

Interesting but I don't think I need to mention any more about Beornrad in this context -- he's only mentioned in passing here.

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persecuting Ethelbald who, in turn, was probably aspiring to rule while Ceolred was still alive. Glance at my WP articles on

1136:

You get the idea... There are similar problems in the introduction of characters such as Alweo, Guthlac, Oswald, and Egbert.

1218:

I'll check back in seven days to see if the article has improved enough to warrant a promotion to GA status. Good luck, --

632:

I can add those. I've been putting off Æthelbald for a while, hoping that I'd get a chance to read Worthington and Hill's

191: 170: 1095:

His long reign began a period of Mercian domination of England, which was continued by Offa, who reigned from 757 to 796.

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no. 177.) Eddi has nothing bad to say, only reporting that Ceolred had promised to make Wilfrid his spiritual director (

33: 1529:

Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

1305:

Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

394: 1695:

except that Stenton says Aethelbald gave the abbess land in compensation, a detail I don't think we need to mention.

2009:

over many not by your own merits but by the abounding grace of God". Perhaps he saw which way the wind was blowing.

1424:Æ is in use as a modern English character, it represents Latin, not Anglo-Saxon. Nothing is wrong with Aethelbald. 1371:

For verification, I checked eleven secondary sources, and found that seven used Æ, two used "Ae", and two used "E".

888:

makes it sound as if there are none except possibly the U series, and that doesn't sound reliable enough to include.

1000:

Would be good to quote the Biddle discussion of Repton sculpture and mausoleum, (if you haven't already, I forget).

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Aethelbald and Offa : two eighth-century kings of Mercia (British Archaeological Reports, British series, no. 383).

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There's another one at note 21. By the way, have you noticed that there are refs to 1990, 1991 and 1992 editions?

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to put this up for GA, and I'll drop Dr. Plunkett a note -- thanks for the suggestion, and for all the help.

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This section is for a discussion of the requested move from "Ethelbald of Mercia" to "Æthelbald of Mercia".

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I changed my mind and removed it. See the Ceolred article to re-add it; but it needs Boniface as a source.

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article might be a good guide on how to create one for this article. It might also be a good idea to add a

983:. ceolred's widow was the great Werburgh, whose christian life was a key aspect of the reign of AEthelbald. 2212: 1541: 1354: 1342: 1331: 417: 2255:

If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with

994: 404: 39: 2219:. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit 1194:

as does the book by Hill and Worthington cited in the article. Would that be a more accurate spelling?

569: 1438:

That's irrelevant; "Æ" is in English now, and it was in the name "Æthelbald" then. The usual spelling

2229:

https://web.archive.org/web/20090713202532/http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/sdk13/histpaint/ashistpaint.html

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got, since most were cited to that version anyway, plus I could verify the page numbers that way.

328:

on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

223:

on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

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Ceolred and the end of Penda's dynasty. Here's the relevant paragraph from the Ealdwulf article:

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I'd like opinions about what remains to be done before taking this to GA, and possibly FA.

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I'm still working on the copyediting and will leave you another note when done. Thanks.

1576:

Vol 14 (1985), 233-292. (This may give pointers to other relevant publications as well.)

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If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with

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The following is pasted in from a note left by Dr. Stephen Plunkett on my talk page:

1409: 1364:

is still part of modern English orthography, as can be seen by the discussion at the

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chosen for this article. Furthermore, the quote from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reads

884:

I haven't been able to find images of coins that are reliably of Ethelbald's reign.

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Victor, would you take a look and let me know what else needs to be done? Thanks.

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under-equipped for proper analysis, as opposed to synthesizing secondary sources.

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http: //www.englandandenglishhistory.com/england_english_englishness/default.aspx

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Carolingian Connections: Anglo-Saxon England and Carolingian Francia, C. 750-870

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I think this is now covered with the discussion of the Ismere Diploma and so on.

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I hope that is helpful. Best wishes and well done for your continuing efforts,

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I don't know what the Biddle/Repton discussion is; will ask Steven about this.

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I'm going to use this section to capture ongoing research questions from the

1047:

Fixed; I've referenced Penda, Wulfhere, etc. and I think this is now covered.

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I don't know enough about the history of orthography to answer this. The

716:

Get the page number for the EHD citation for Ceolred's fit at the banquet.

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An editor has reviewed this edit and fixed any errors that were found.

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Thanks for the help; I've incorporated some of this into the article.

2100:

Anyway, it's not important: just tossing some of this into the mix.

1299:

The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal.

112:. For instructions on how to use this banner, please refer to the 1891:

right now, and hope to bring to FAC shortly. I'm also working on

1523:

The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal.

885: 1197:

3. As for the third, fourth, fifth and sixth requirements (It is

1160:

Prose quality needs improvement. There are redundancies, such as

534:

I've included the story of Ceolred dying in a fit, which per the

1708:

seems to give all the details. Nothing we need to add, I'd say.

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Some partial inaccuracies there, of course, but John is using

1125:

He was succeeded briefly by Beornrad, of whom little is known,

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M Biddle and B Kjølbye-Biddle, 1985, 'The Repton Stone', in

1170:

The council also objected to secular suspicion of the clergy

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there should have been none -- i.e. it is asking about the

1215:

it contains are appropriate), the article looks compliant.

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Featured articles that have appeared on the main page once

2233:

http://www.trin.cam.ac.uk/sdk13/histpaint/ashistpaint.html

2223:

for additional information. I made the following changes:

866:

One thing I do think is missing is a good map. There's a

2216: 702:

Removed note on Aethelheard being subject to Aethelbald

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which was continued by Offa, his cousin and successor,

520:

I really like your articles. take a look at this one.

2365:

Featured articles that have appeared on the main page

1110:

Ethelbald came to the throne on the death of Ceolred.

830:

On the Picts and Northumbrians there's a fair bit in

324:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 219:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 1895:; and may go for all the bretwaldas, eventually. 423:This article appeared on Knowledge's Main Page as 1341:I suggest that the correct name for this page is 1854:chosen whom Offa didn't like, he set up his own 1172:(the suspicion is not explained anywhere), etc. 2036:is probably "The Making of the German Church". 832:Oengus_I#Alt_Clut.2C_Northumbria.2C_and_Mercia 2350:High-importance Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms articles 1455:Æ is irrelevant? I find this unintelligible. 660:David Hill & Margaret Worthington (eds.) 8: 407:. Even so, if you can update or improve it, 403:as one of the best articles produced by the 397:; it (or a previous version of it) has been 2310:Low-importance biography (royalty) articles 1620:Part of that might be referenced to Kirby, 1360:The reason for the move is that the letter 2355:All WikiProject Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms pages 2211:I have just modified one external link on 1127:did he have any relationship to Ethelbald? 432: 379: 338:Knowledge:WikiProject Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms 270: 165: 47: 1114:on the death of king Ceolred, his cousin. 993:On Beornrad, glance at my WP thoughts on 341:Template:WikiProject Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms 1176:2. As for the second requirement (It is 19: 1989:in his synthesis of chronicles writes: 1155:template, allthough this is not a must. 1083:1. As for the first requirement (It is 891:I think the article should be moved to 272: 167: 49: 2345:FA-Class Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms articles 1632:of a Mercian saint to King Aelfwald." 1589:(Tempus, Stroud 2005), esp. pp142-162. 2305:FA-Class biography (royalty) articles 1624:, where he says: "It is evident from 7: 1497:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 959:Suggestions from Dr. Steven Plunkett 601:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 566:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 318:This article is within the scope of 213:This article is within the scope of 98:This article is within the scope of 2330:Mid-importance Middle Ages articles 1536:This article has been renamed from 1168:is redundant), unclear statements, 963:Pasted in from suggestions left by 38:It is of interest to the following 836:Eadberht_of_Northumbria#Neighbours 14: 2340:All WikiProject Middle Ages pages 2215:. Please take a moment to review 1037:and here's the one from Aelfwald: 233:Knowledge:WikiProject Middle Ages 2241: 1253:Knowledge:Manual of Style#Images 1162:but the reason why is unrecorded 416: 383: 321:WikiProject Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms 305: 295: 274: 236:Template:WikiProject Middle Ages 200: 190: 169: 149:WikiProject Royalty and Nobility 85: 75: 51: 20: 1887:, which I have in the queue at 358:This article has been rated as 253:This article has been rated as 122:Knowledge:WikiProject Biography 2320:WikiProject Biography articles 2286:14:34, 23 September 2017 (UTC) 857: 125:Template:WikiProject Biography 1: 2325:FA-Class Middle Ages articles 1097:It would be better like this 344:Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms articles 332:and see a list of open tasks. 227:and see a list of open tasks. 146:This article is supported by 1587:Suffolk in Anglo-Saxon Times 1334:, both of which redirect to 664:Oxford: Archaeopress, 2005. 613:21:46, 15 January 2016 (UTC) 513:11:00, 2 December 2005 (UTC) 110:contribute to the discussion 2360:Knowledge featured articles 2315:Royalty work group articles 2300:FA-Class biography articles 2386: 2208:Hello fellow Wikipedians, 1856:archbishopric at Lichfield 951:01:44, 30 April 2007 (UTC) 934:00:10, 30 April 2007 (UTC) 907:17:11, 29 April 2007 (UTC) 850:14:15, 29 April 2007 (UTC) 822:13:35, 29 April 2007 (UTC) 808:13:25, 29 April 2007 (UTC) 788:12:00, 28 April 2007 (UTC) 776:11:16, 28 April 2007 (UTC) 760:02:13, 28 April 2007 (UTC) 734:23:57, 26 April 2007 (UTC) 697:02:42, 26 April 2007 (UTC) 678:20:11, 25 April 2007 (UTC) 656:18:52, 25 April 2007 (UTC) 644:09:09, 25 April 2007 (UTC) 628:01:22, 25 April 2007 (UTC) 588:23:25, 24 April 2007 (UTC) 570:here, under correspondance 559:22:51, 24 April 2007 (UTC) 546:12:27, 23 April 2007 (UTC) 480:Featured article candidate 364:project's importance scale 313:Anglo-Saxon England portal 259:project's importance scale 2335:FA-Class history articles 1669:20:50, 29 July 2007 (UTC) 1597:08:50, 21 May 2007 (UTC) 1394:is indeed "Æthelbald". -- 493: 435: 431: 357: 290: 252: 185: 145: 70: 46: 2199:19:40, 1 July 2007 (UTC) 2165:15:17, 6 June 2007 (UTC) 2126:12:09, 6 June 2007 (UTC) 2105:05:06, 6 June 2007 (UTC) 2067:03:48, 6 June 2007 (UTC) 2024:02:37, 6 June 2007 (UTC) 1960:02:09, 4 June 2007 (UTC) 1950:01:58, 4 June 2007 (UTC) 1931:02:12, 4 June 2007 (UTC) 1917:01:48, 4 June 2007 (UTC) 1903:03:09, 3 June 2007 (UTC) 1871:02:39, 3 June 2007 (UTC) 1834:22:43, 3 June 2007 (UTC) 1821:20:25, 3 June 2007 (UTC) 1812:03:04, 3 June 2007 (UTC) 1794:15:43, 2 June 2007 (UTC) 1773:23:25, 4 June 2007 (UTC) 1757:23:29, 4 June 2007 (UTC) 1713:20:50, 3 June 2007 (UTC) 1700:02:12, 3 June 2007 (UTC) 1654:20:00, 1 July 2007 (UTC) 1637:21:40, 29 May 2007 (UTC) 1615:03:49, 27 May 2007 (UTC) 1555:10:31, 25 May 2007 (UTC) 1526:Please do not modify it. 1507:09:12, 23 May 2007 (UTC) 1482:20:18, 20 May 2007 (UTC) 1465:20:03, 20 May 2007 (UTC) 1447:17:53, 20 May 2007 (UTC) 1434:17:38, 20 May 2007 (UTC) 1413:13:10, 20 May 2007 (UTC) 1399:06:32, 20 May 2007 (UTC) 1382:22:23, 19 May 2007 (UTC) 1302:Please do not modify it. 1286:16:17, 19 May 2007 (UTC) 1275:11:29, 19 May 2007 (UTC) 1260:01:57, 16 May 2007 (UTC) 1242:01:47, 16 May 2007 (UTC) 1223:19:13, 14 May 2007 (UTC) 1070:00:40, 20 May 2007 (UTC) 1026:22:03, 13 May 2007 (UTC) 1012:Work on the above points 425:Today's featured article 2204:External links modified 981:Aelfwald of East Anglia 977:Ealdwulf of East Anglia 216:WikiProject Middle Ages 1599: 1043: 1036: 766:Earliest English Kings 427:on September 25, 2018. 142: 28:This article is rated 1680:current FA discussion 1566: 1199:broad in its coverage 1143:The article needs an 1038: 1031: 995:Beonna of East Anglia 858:What's left for GA/FA 529: 141: 101:WikiProject Biography 1983:Tentative thoughts: 1674:More future research 1351:Aethelbald of Mercia 1328:Aethelbald of Mercia 1153:Knowledge:Persondata 965:Dr. Stephen Plunkett 893:Aethelbald of Mercia 834:and rather less in 636:, but no such luck. 568:'s entry on Ceolred 461:Good article nominee 335:Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms 326:Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms 282:Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms 239:Middle Ages articles 64:Royalty and Nobility 2213:Æthelbald of Mercia 1626:The Life of Guthlac 1574:Anglo-Saxon England 1544:as the result of a 1542:Æthelbald of Mercia 1538:Ethelbald of Mercia 1355:Æthelbald of Mercia 1353:should redirect to 1347:Ethelbald of Mercia 1343:Æthelbald of Mercia 1336:Ethelbald of Mercia 1332:Æthelbald of Mercia 1112:it would be better 840:Anglo-Saxon England 405:Knowledge community 391:Æthelbald of Mercia 2274:InternetArchiveBot 1595:Dr Steven Plunkett 1451:That it's not the 1178:factually accurate 634:Æthelbald and Offa 436:Article milestones 208:Middle Ages portal 143: 128:biography articles 34:content assessment 2177:Tatwine reference 1987:John of Worcester 1937:Overlordship edit 1893:Ceawlin of Wessex 1706:Google Books page 1463: 1432: 1322:both redirect to 1147:, the one in the 967:on my talk page: 536:Ceolred of Mercia 501: 500: 489: 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Plunkett, 1562: 1560:Future research 1533: 1524: 1457:Septentrionalis 1426:Septentrionalis 1408:— Per above. -- 1300: 1294: 1078: 1014: 961: 919: 913: 876:Penda of Mercia 860: 713: 704: 532: 530:Ceolred's death 506: 471: 452: 360:High-importance 343: 340: 337: 334: 333: 311: 306: 304: 285:High‑importance 284: 238: 235: 232: 229: 228: 221:the Middle Ages 206: 199: 179: 127: 124: 121: 118: 117: 91: 86: 84: 61: 32:on Knowledge's 29: 12: 11: 5: 2383: 2381: 2373: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2292: 2291: 2268: 2267: 2260: 2236: 2235: 2227:Added archive 2205: 2202: 2178: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2107: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2070: 2069: 2056: 2055: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2043: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2031: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1938: 1935: 1934: 1933: 1910: 1909: 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2301: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2288: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2276: 2265: 2261: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2203: 2201: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2193:Mike Christie 2189: 2185: 2182: 2176: 2166: 2163: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2120:Mike Christie 2116: 2115: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2089: 2088:Childeric III 2084: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2061:Mike Christie 2058: 2057: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2016: 2010: 2006: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1984: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1971: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1944:Mike Christie 1936: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1925:Mike Christie 1921: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1897:Mike Christie 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1852: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1843: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1828:Mike Christie 1824: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1806:Mike Christie 1803: 1802: 1800: 1799: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1788:Mike Christie 1780: 1779: 1774: 1771: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1722: 1721: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1673: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1663:Mike Christie 1655: 1652: 1649: 1648:Mike Christie 1644: 1643: 1642: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1609:Mike Christie 1605: 1598: 1596: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1575: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1565: 1559: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1530: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1476:Mike Christie 1472: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1376:Mike Christie 1372: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1306: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1279: 1278: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1269:Mike Christie 1261: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1236:Mike Christie 1233: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1126: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1081: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1064:Mike Christie 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1035: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1020:Mike Christie 1016: 1015: 1011: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 992: 988: 985: 982: 978: 973: 970: 969: 968: 966: 958: 952: 949: 946: 945:Mike Christie 941: 940: 939: 938: 935: 932: 929: 925: 918: 911: 910: 909: 908: 905: 902: 901:Mike Christie 894: 890: 887: 883: 880: 877: 873: 869: 868:map of Mercia 865: 864: 863: 851: 848: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 828: 827: 826: 823: 820: 817: 816:Mike Christie 812: 811: 810: 809: 806: 803: 802:Mike Christie 789: 786: 783: 782:Mike Christie 779: 778: 777: 774: 771: 767: 763: 762: 761: 758: 755: 754:Mike Christie 750: 749: 748: 747: 741: 740: 739: 738: 735: 732: 729: 724: 723: 718: 715: 714: 710: 708: 701: 699: 698: 695: 692: 691:Mike Christie 679: 676: 673: 670: 669:1-84171-687-1 667: 663: 659: 658: 657: 654: 651: 650:Mike Christie 647: 646: 645: 642: 639: 635: 631: 630: 629: 626: 623: 622:Mike Christie 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 593: 592: 591: 590: 589: 586: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 560: 557: 554: 553:Mike Christie 550: 549: 548: 547: 544: 541: 540:Mike Christie 537: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 514: 511: 503: 497: 492: 484: 482: 481: 477: 474: 470: 469: 465: 463: 462: 458: 455: 451: 450: 446: 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1084: 1082: 1079: 1039: 1032: 962: 898: 861: 839: 798: 765: 705: 688: 661: 633: 577: 573: 563: 533: 525: 522: 519: 516: 507: 495: 478: 473:June 4, 2007 460: 459: 454:May 19, 2007 409:please do so 398: 390: 359: 319: 254: 214: 147: 99: 40:WikiProjects 1724:Documents". 924:Dr Plunkett 917:cc-by-nc-sa 720:Ethelbald." 230:Middle Ages 177:Middle Ages 2294:Categories 2281:Report bug 1552:Stemonitis 1461:PMAnderson 1444:Stemonitis 1430:PMAnderson 1396:Stemonitis 1320:Aethelbald 1314:Currently 1183:verifiable 711:To-do list 580:, c. 64). 510:Trekphiler 400:identified 2264:this tool 2257:this tool 1471:page on Æ 1324:Ethelbald 1316:Æthelbald 1192:Aethebald 1076:GA review 597:Ceolred 1 119:Biography 59:Biography 2270:Cheers.— 2042:princes? 1410:Victor12 1345:. Both 1283:Victor12 1257:Victor12 1220:Victor12 1207:/ It is 1201:/ It is 1188:Ethebald 504:England? 485:Promoted 30:FA-class 2217:my edit 1604:absence 1512:Support 1493:Support 1406:Support 1388:Support 1204:neutral 1145:infobox 764:Kirby, 444:Process 362:on the 257:on the 2196:(talk) 2162:qp10qp 2123:(talk) 2102:qp10qp 2064:(talk) 2021:qp10qp 1947:(talk) 1928:(talk) 1900:(talk) 1889:WP:GAC 1868:qp10qp 1831:(talk) 1818:qp10qp 1809:(talk) 1791:(talk) 1770:qp10qp 1754:qp10qp 1710:qp10qp 1697:qp10qp 1666:(talk) 1651:(talk) 1634:qp10qp 1612:(talk) 1504:(Talk) 1479:(talk) 1418:oppose 1379:(talk) 1272:(talk) 1239:(talk) 1213:images 1211:/ Any 1209:stable 1067:(talk) 1023:(talk) 948:(talk) 931:(Talk) 904:(talk) 872:Mercia 847:(Talk) 819:(talk) 805:(talk) 785:(talk) 773:(Talk) 757:(talk) 731:(Talk) 694:(talk) 675:(Talk) 653:(talk) 641:(Talk) 625:(talk) 605:Jheald 585:(Talk) 556:(talk) 543:(talk) 526:Troll 466:Listed 447:Result 36:scale. 2054:well. 1957:Ceoil 1914:Ceoil 1622:p 112 886:Sceat 393:is a 1782:for. 1630:Life 1453:same 1349:and 1330:and 1318:and 1180:and 979:and 666:ISBN 609:talk 517:Hi, 441:Date 354:High 108:and 2231:to 2191:-- 2059:-- 1786:-- 1540:to 1440:now 1374:-- 1166:why 870:in 603:-- 599:at 574:EHD 249:Mid 2296:: 1682:. 1550:-- 1422:if 1420:; 1338:. 1281:-- 920:}} 914:{{ 611:) 578:VW 156:). 62:: 2283:) 2279:( 2266:. 2259:. 2247:Y 1548:. 1366:Æ 1362:Æ 1164:( 997:. 607:( 411:. 366:. 261:. 116:. 42::

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Index