Talk:École polytechnique

623:

degrees give the equivalent of a Master's degree ("grade de master") and this, in turn, is consistent with the European policy (Bologna process). Students from several of the best "ingénieur" programs in France can apply to replace their final year with a MS in a partner US university (such as MIT, Stanford, Caltech, Ann Arbor, GeorgiaTech...). Roughly speaking, they tend to have a stronger background in mathematics and theoretical science than the average students in those programs, but rather less experimental/teamwork background. Ecole Polytechnique is a special case among French engineering schools. While the "ingénieur" program is very selective and intensive, and leads to the "ingénieur" degree after 3 years (i.e., 5 years of higher education), this degree is not designed as a final degree. This is not a matter of level, rather of focus. It is thus compulsory for all French students to add another two or three semesters and get a second, more specialized/finalized Master's degree or equivalent, either at Ecole Polytechnique, in a partner French institution, in a foreign university or within a Corps de l'Etat. Virtually all foreign students follow the same pattern. Thus, the "polytechnicien" program is de facto a double Master's program: the first degree ("ingénieur de l'Ecole Polytechnique") contains mostly theoretical science, with courses and project work in at least six different fields, strong components in management, humanities, languages, sports..., the second degree is more specialized, either professional or leading to the independent research part of a Ph.D. Another point should be emphasized: in France, Ph.D's generally do not include compulsory courses. This means that in contrast with US Ph.D. programs (and I do not mean integrated MS/Ph.D. here), a French student has to take all the required courses before s/he starts the doctoral work, i.e., during the Master or "ingénieur" program. Thus, the courses which one can find in a MS at MIT or Caltech would be roughly comparable to 3rd-year courses (sometimes 2nd-year) in the "ingénieur" program at Ecole Polytechnique or to Master's 2nd-year ("M2") courses, depending on the field and the degree of specialization. Some US students can actually spend an "M2" year at Ecole Polytechnique after they complete their MS, and validate it in their home university as part of their Ph.D.

1690:"By some" is justified by the present citations: the existence of these citations demonstrates that some people consider Polytechnique to be the most prestigious educational establishment in France. "By many" or "by most" is a much greater hurdle to overcome, and there would have to be some pretty good evidence to back it up. The book cited above indicates that Polytechnique is "immensely selective and prestigious". I think we can all agree to that. But "the most prestigious"? Polytechnique is renowned for one thing: its undergraduate/masters level Polytechnic Engineer program, which is, indeed, extremely prestigious and popularly considered the top program to attend, if you can get in. But it is not known for the social sciences (Sciences Po is, I think, the "most prestigious" in this area in France). It is not the top for graduating people who go on to distinguished research careers as professors (the Ecole Normale is more prestigious in this area). It has no law school, no medical school, no business school. Although it has some excellent laboratories, it is not France's leader for peer-reviewed academic publications, or as a place for people internationally to come and pursue doctoral study (some public universities such as Paris VII, Strasbourg, UPMC, etc., are much more prestigious by this measure). 619:

some master's students do earn their degree in their 5th year in the US, it is because they began their master's courses early. It is considered a graduate degree, and not part of an undergraduate curriculum. It is often undertaken at a different school than the undergraduate degree, sometimes later in life after some time working. It can be an end in itself, like a counseling degree or an MBA, or it can be earned in the course of a PhD. program. It typically takes about 2-3 years to complete. In some disciplines, it is awarded to students who attempt a PhD but find it too taxing or beyond them. For instance, when I graduated with my bachelor's degree, I then moved all the way from Boston to Texas to join a PhD program. After a few years, having finishing most of the PhD coursework, it became clear that I wouldn't be able to finish the PhD, so I decided to get my master's which I happened to write in France. In the course of sitting in a cafe in Bordeaux and writing, I talked with a number of French and British folk, and eventually understood my degree to be closer to a DSS or DEA. To the point of this article, I would use the French word "maitrise" untranslated with a brief explanation (or a link to a stub)and not try to make a master's degree an American equivalent.

569:(13 years of elementary and secondary school + 2 years of prep classes + 3 years of Engineering School). That is indeed roughly the same number of years that are normally necessary to get an M.S. degree in the U.S (12 years of elementary and secondary school + a 4-year college major in engineering (B.S.) + 1.5 to 2 additional years of Grad School work for the master's). The two degrees however are fundamentally different in nature. American B.S. degrees aim at producing in 4 years a professional that is ready to go straight into the labor force and work as practicing engineer. Therefore, a B.S. curriculum is structured around a small math/science core (normally at the level of the 13th French school year + 2 years of prep classes) followed by breadth and depth classes in one single engineering specialty (electrical, mechanical, etc), including possibly a great deal of industry-oriented design courses. An M.S. in engineering on the other hand is an opportunity to go deeper into a given sub-area of your undergrad major (for example, within EE, in signal processing, control, communications, microelectronics, etc...) with an additional coursework that is similar in nature e.g. to the fourth-year (Part III) curriculum for a British undergraduate MEng degree in a top school like 1469:. While the page cited is hosted by Columbia, the content is provided by the Alliance Program, which is a joint venture of four institutions of higher eduction, of which Columbia and the École Polytechnique are two. Similarly to the MIT case, above, this cannot be read as a definitive institutional position held by Columbia University regarding the quality of the École Polytechnique. Furthermore, the statements on the page cannot be read as stating that the École Polytechnique the best scientific establishment in France. They refer to reputation (“ the most prestigious educational establishment in France”, “Ecole Polytechnique has been regularly ranked at the top of undergraduate and graduate programs in Science and Technology among the French Grandes Ecoles”), and even then the statements are limited to a comparison with other educational establishments and grandes écoles, and do not compare the École Polytechnique to other “scientific establishments” (such as the CNRS, INRA, the CEA, etc.) generally. 1462:. This is the URL of a page at the MIT Mathematics Department, describing an exchange program between the École Polytechnique and universities in North America. A page such as this cannot be taken as a statement of the position of MIT as an institution as a whole. More accurate than “MIT considers” would be the statement “someone at MIT considers”. Furthermore, the page referenced does not fairly describe the École Polytechnique as being the best scientific establishment in France. Rather, it states: “École Polytechnique… is the most prestigious institution in Science and Engineering in France”. This is a statement about reputation of the École Polytechnique, not a judgment of its underlying quality. 42: 304: 286: 224: 206: 314: 1404:

number of applications that students of limited means will undertake. So there are self-selection pressures there as well, as there no doubt are in all countries. Since those pressures will be different in each country, and students are almost never choosing directly between institutions in different countries, it's no doubt hard to draw meaningful conclusions from inter-country comparisons.

178: 102: 75: 112: 1321:". Against which figure should we be comparing this to arrive at the withdrawal rate? The 4468 who applied (withdrawal rate of 1.2%), the 767 who were deemed admissible (withdrawal rate of 7.4%), or the 400 + 113 = 513 who were either accepted or placed on the waiting list (withdrawal rate of 11%)? And where would we find the comparable statistics for other grandes écoles? -- 33: 1113:École polytechnique has research labs but most of students do not become scientist at all. Only few of them, neither engineer... It's more poly-scientist school, for opening minds. But after that most of them are in management or becomes consultant, otherwise they can be military officers. (most of them, of course there are some engineers, teachers, searchers etc.) 387:"Engineering school" is maybe not appropriate, because an important part of available courses are very theoretical (in mathematics, physics, computer science, etc.) and even the applied lessons are not oriented toward engineering. École Polytechnique is more a scientific school than an engineering school (though it is still an "école d'ingénieur" in french). 533:). The Master Recherche degree in turn enables them to seek admission into a doctoral school. As far as comparisons with American degrees are concerned, I personally disagree that a 5-year German undergraduate "Diplom" or any Bac+5 French degree are comparable to a combination B.S.+ M.S. from a top American university like, let's say, 1128:

first and foremost an engineering school but, I think throughout the years the school is putting a lot of it's effort in improving it's ranking in mathematics so, I think it's safe to say is that rather than calling it a "engineering" or "scientific" school it is better to call it a "engineering and science school".

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thanks for your comment. I'm not sure whether we would regard "polytechnique" as an adjective in an English setting, but actually that's not even relevant. The point is that titles in English are generally capitalised in running text, irrespective of whether they contain adjectives. The relevant rule

1288:

In any case, withdrawal rate describes an action by the students and cannot be equated with the selectiveness of the school, which is an action by the school. The two are of course related, but they are not the same. An example of selectiveness would be a statistic such as a school accepting only one

957:

In fact, there are different exchange programs. One includes lectures and courses and anyone can indeed apply. The other one is focused on research and this is open only to partner universities. However, you are right to point out that IST has no special status - all European universities can propose

776:

The box, French Science, that was just added to this page, seems to me to be quite out of place. The École Polytechnique is part of many different categories, with science being just one of them. We could just as well put boxes for French Military, French Engineering, etc. Even worse, it is not clear

2574:

As a summary, it could be said that we preferably use lowercase when there is no need to clearly identify a precise object with a noun or an adjective. So, in the last example, the « arc de triomphe » is clearly identified by the sequence « de l'Étoile » which follows « arc … » ; thus, in that case,

1625:

So I noticed that the link referenced in the history section to the Polytechnique's website is broken. Since this is the only link referenced in that section, it might be pretty important to fix. Here's a new link to the history section on the Polytechnique's website, although this page doesn't have

1549:

As you may have seen from my contributions, I"m currently working on another institution. I actually had a look at a few more and tried to compile an outline. The outlines of the institutions I had a look at were all slightly different. The history section always came up first which is also the case

1403:

Of course many factors enter into these rates. Take the acceptance rate in the United States. High school guidance counselors generally (if they are doing their job right) steer students to apply to schools at which they have reasonable chances of getting in. Also, application fees tend to limit the

1359:

Even that would be very misleading. When students take the competitive exams for entrance to engineering schools in France, there may be two exams taking place at the same time, so student have to take a chance. Even if there are not true scheduling impossibilities, a student might not want to waste

1231:

Thus the game is between Polytechnique, ENS-Paris, ENS-Lyon, possibly ENS-Cachan, and the choice (grossly summmarized) is whether you are sure you want to do scientific research or you prefer to do engineering. And even then, there is very little actual engineering teaching at Polytechnique — it's a

1194:

Please be so kind as to clarify the meaning of "resignation rate" in this context. The common meaning of the term is understood in an employment context, as a measure of the percentage of people in a given employment class who resign from their position during a given year. Perhaps the reference was

742:

I'm afraid the THES rankings are garbage meant to falter both the UK's upper social class and the UK's underfunded wider university system, so ideally wikipedia should exclude THES citations from article introductions. Actually THES begins by being somewhat honest about their English language bias,

727:

True. The THES rankings changed their computation system over the years. IMHO Ecole Polytechnique can reasonably be ranked around No. 30 for the time being. By the way, I think that the reference to the Russian Global University Ranking should be suspended for now, as long as the credibility of this

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for the Air Force and so. Specific affectations such as Navy Air Force requires even a third formation in specific warfare schools. During their years at X, the students have some military ceremonies wich require to wear the uniform and are still organized in platoons and companies but do not do any

473:

What is the English/American equivalent of the degrees offered? It says in "The Polytechnicien studies", "(students are awarded a Master after the third year of their studies at Polytechnique);" but I am not sure if they mean the equivalent of a "Master's degree"(M.A. or M.S.) in English, or if this

2467:

I finally add that, in French, « École polytechnique » is often abbreviated as « Polytechnique » : it is obvious that, in that case, it is necessary to get a capital as the first character ; but it is a common usage to do so in order to ease the text reading and because the adjective has so evolved

1774:

Well official is "École polytechnique" i confirm it. The world École is non English, so it's the copy (a kind of quotation) of a french name. So why changing the way it is supposed to be written. Why adding caps where they are not ? you can write Polytechnique School if you prefer ! But École makes

1363:

So to summarize, not only is the acceptance rate low, but also many people don't even bother to apply and settle straight away for lesser universities. Repeat, barring some special circumstances (allergy to military, etc.), there is no reason why a person admitted to Polytechnique should choose not

1127:

Note that École Polytechnique's diplôme d'ingénieur program is not the only undergraduate programme or it may even be considered a graduate programme but the point is here that the school also offers a Bachelor's degree which in my knowledge isn't an engineering degree. Yes, it's true the school is

1017:

On this basis, it seems that the clearest and fairest primary identification of the school is that of an engineering school. If one wants to make clear that the engineering degree is a highly science-oriented degree, or if one wants to comment on the degrees offered at the Master's level, which may

1337:

Looking at those same statistics, the selectiveness of the school can be measured by taking the 400 students that were accepted and comparing this to the 4468 who applied to obtain an acceptance rate of 8.95%. Again, where can we find statistics for the other grandes écoles? To compare to the most

1282:

In the United States, a typical dropout rate for a top engineering school would be 1/3, both because the curriculum can be so tough, with students failing courses, and also because a significant number of students realize, once they start their studies, that they do not want to become engineers. I

1276:

To be entirely clear, I would also add some context, saying something along the lines of "Polytechnique has the lowest rate of withdrawal from its competitive entrance exam of any school in France". This is because "withdrawal rate" could also be equated with "dropout rate", meaning the portion of

618:

A master's degree in the US is not the equivalent of a "maitrise". This is a common misunderstanding. It is closer to is closer to a DSS or a DEA in France. The US doesn't have an exact equivalent to the matrise, but it would be similar to taking a 5th year and writing an honors thesis. While

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I think the first sentence of this article is too promotional. You should rely on facts. I would replace it by "one of the foremost French engineering schools." Other engineering schools in France are leaders in their own field. Please sustain this claim with rankings or change the sentence. For a

2835:

Much of this article is promotional in tone, and much has evidently been written by French-speakers of limited ability in English. Grammar errors abound. I have fixed some of these problems, and removed some extremely substandard text, but much remains that is inadequate. A native English speaker

2455:

I especially thank Amakuru for the references he quoted ; but the problem for me is that I do not find any justification for keeping the present English name (« École Polytechnique » instead of « École polytechnique »), reading the two or more Englich rules ; and it bothers me ! In fact, I do not

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biology), while the teaching of professional engineering properly takes lower priority and is merely incidental as an illustrative example of application of the basic scientific subjects. The opportunity for professional engineering training/specialization (of the type that exists in the U.S. or,

2459:

Concerning the fact that the title should not be confused with any other « ecole polytechnique », as you said it, putting additional information to the title, like « (France} », in order to obtain « École polytechnique (France) » could solve the problem : this is also the present title in French

2463:

Besides, I recall the fact that, in that name, « polytechnique » is an adjective, and it also remains an adjective in English, I hope so at least. In French, this is the case since its change of name, one year after the creation of the engineer school in 1794 as the « École centrale des travaux

660:

Hi guys. For a start, I have no doubt X is a great university and probably the most selective in France. But claiming to be among the global top 10 in THES is untrue. In fact, X is placed 28th overall, 31st in natural sciences and 34th for technology. It is amongst the top 10 for staff/ student

622:

This is an intricate matter. What has been written above about the differences between US MS programs and French "ingénieur" degrees is valid. However, there are also huge differences from one MS to another, even within the same US university. The official rule in France is that all "ingénieur"

528:

I'm confused. I was under the impression that after 3 years of study, an X student is awarded a "Diplôme d'Ingénieur", which is not equivalent to a "Master" (the French word). Fourth-year students at the Polytechnique may be however admitted directly into the second year of a "Master Recherche"

454:

A "national public establishment of an administrative character" is probably a literal translation of "établissement public (à caractère) administratif" but is not helpful/intelligible to the native English speaker. How about simply a "state university"? No-username-yet 12:45, 15 Oct 2005 (UTC)

443:

Is it relevant to name the Prytanée de la Flèche along with Louis-le-Grand or Henri IV here ? Maybe the author of the article attended it but to my knowledge it represents a very small minority at the École Polytechnique. In promotion 2004, only 2 people come from the Prytanée for exemple. Most

1063:

I think we should stop arguing about the English in use on "École Polytechnique" and try to focus on independent secondary sources, if possible in English. It is somehow funny that this small school is ranked (among others) by the Times Higher Education within the "World University Ranking".

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and you want to do scientific research (e.g. if you're really good at pure math and want to become a mathematician). There is no reason why one would choose not to go to Polytechnique but instead go to Mines Paris and other engineering schools, except perhaps avoiding military service.

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cited to back up the claim that Polytechnique has the lowest rate of entrance exam withdrawal, it now seems clear that one should be looking at the first document, entitled "2009 Tableau Recapitulatif". And in that document, we should be looking at the number of 57 applicants who were

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time and energy taking an exam that he or she thinks to have no chance of winning. Furthermore, the program of topics that one must cover in order to compete for Polytechnique is based on what is learned in the PC* and MP* preparatory classes, which are more selective than PC or MP.

395:- it has the smallest resignation rate among all the scientific Grandes Écoles (I mean by resignation rate the number of people going to the school divided by the number of people admitted) and almost all of the best students in "classes prépas" are passing the Polytechnique exam. 1262:

What you are describing here would, if I am understanding correctly, more accurately be called "withdrawal" in English, rather than "resignation". One withdraws from an exam or a competition, whereas one resigns from a job or an appointed position. My reading of this is that

2636:, thanks, there was no doubt in my mind ; my message was only aimed to give you some explanations, notably concerning « Arc de Triomphe ». Also please take note that some of my French colleagues in fr.wikipedia do feel a strong repulsion for the English quotes. Regards. -- 2503:" because in running text, we would write "John went to the headquarters of the United Nations to deliver a speech". Note that "united" is an adjective in English, but we still capitalise it, because "United Nations" is a proper name. Similarly with French terms such as " 2507:". In French you might write "triomphe" uncapitalised, but in English we capitalise it. "I went to Paris and I saw the Arc de Triomphe". As far as I can see, École Polytechnique is a similar case. In French usage you would not capitalise, but in English we do. Thanks — 1964:- First of all, the Polytechnical School in France is the "most widely recognized" and oldest school named "École Polytechnique", only to Québécois people (aka. locals) is the school in Montréal "better known". Second, we use English grammar and spelling in English. -- 942:

which redirects students to apply through the general procedures available to students from all other universities). As such, I'm not sure why this particular institution has been mentioned. The French version of this article doesn't mention anything about it either.

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to a noun. In English, I understand that it is also necessary to behave in the same way. But, in both languages, those usages of abbreviations do not change the fact that the word « polytechnique » remains an adjective in the full name « École polytechnique ».

2252:(the « Official Bulletin » of the French Republic) where there is the result of my entrance exam and you would read there « école polytechnique », moreover on my diploma sheet, three years later, you read « École Polytechnique » ! Even, on some places of the 1534:

It seems reaonsable to me, but I am curious why this particular ordering? Is it your opinion that this reflects the relative importance of the subjects? Or, as I gather from your remark, is this a standard outline that you've seen for other institutions?

1930:

I oppose the move, and Euroflux seemed to have gotten mixed up here – the reason of the French name being lowercased is because that is part of French-language grammar. English grammar is different than French grammar. To Euroflux: this RM is scoring

1417:

But are you suggesting that the withdrawal rate is a good enough measure of the attractiveness of grandes écoles that we should leave this in the article? If so, it would be good if we could locate some documentation of comparative withdrawal

2579:» where the uppercase is only needed for the first word (« Organisation ») to identify that unique organisation ; the leading uppercase character for « Nations » comes from the fact that the « Organisation » applies to countries not peoples. 2224:

the problem is not about a previous consensus or not ; I am proposing that spelling because as a Frenchman, and as an old fellow from that school, I can assert that the right spelling is that one according to the French rules edicted by the

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in ten applicants. Instead of "selectiveness" one might say "attractiveness", as in: "the attractiveness of Polytechnique, indicated by a low rate of withdrawal from its competitive entrance exam, is the highest among French grandes écoles".

2460:

wikipedia. Because in the running text, it is possible to write « École polytechnique » with a capital « É », as it is the case in the English introductive summary, to guarantee the distinctions and prevent any possible confusion.

746:

As a non-Oxbridge example, University of Manchester does not belong anywhere near 55, not even top 200. Yes, some good students graduate from there, but I'd expect most good engineering schools in Germany should rank higher:

2879: 743:

which surfaces through favoring international students and faculty, after which they pick and choose a few exceptional non-English speaking schools. Yet, THES clearly elevates U.K. way universities above their position.

2575:

we do not add uppercase characters. The implicit rule of good French typography is indeed to limit uppercase characters (as far as I understood it). The aesthetic point of view is predominant. That is why we write « l'

2354:

Even, in its own language, but this is not the case for the École polytechnique website French version, an organism would not follow the generic rules applicable for a correct wording of its proper name, see e.g. the

46: 2790:

The tuition section is somewhat out of date, as of the class of Polytechnicien X2015 (admitted in 2015), all student who do not serve the state for 10 years actually have to reimburse part (3/4) of their pay.

1158:

I've taken this out because it's not clear what is meant by a "resignation rate" and the reference leads to a page of unclear authority that lists dozens of documents -- which one should we be looking at?

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It is wrong to establish equivalences between degrees based solely on the number of years of schooling that are needed to get them. It normally takes 18 years to get a "Diplôme d'Ingénieur" from the

2884: 577:. An M.S. degree in engineering is also an opportunity for American students to get preliminary research experience in preparation for possible future PhD studies. The "engineering" education at the 541:. I tend to think that the models of undergraduate and first-year graduate (master's) education in the US are so different from those in continental Europe that direct comparisons are not possible. 515:

real military service. Some of them, very few really, choose at the end of the studies to enter in the military and a little more in the technical and ingeneer services of the defense department.

2797:

However as a non native speaker I am not exactly comfortable making this edit. I could try to unearth the decree that made that change for reference purposes if someone takes care of the edit.

1978:

The Quebecois school is also quite infamous, since it was the scene of a school massacre, so figures prominently not only for "locals", but across Canada and into the rest of North America. --

474:

is a French term meaning something different. Getting a M.A. or M.S. in 3 years would be rather remarkable in the U.S. - about 5 years would be the typical minimum, maybe 6 or 7 more typical.

553:

Dear Infinity0, entrance to X is possible normally only after 2 to 3 years of university-level studies in mathematics/physics. Remember to count these when you try to evaluate equivalences.

2348:

OK, thanks for the English version of the school website ; and as I said it earlier, the point is now to know if there is any typographic recommendation in English, this for two reasons :

958:

an Erasmus agreement to another institution. The only specific collaboration I know of between Ecole Polytechnique and IST is a partnership in the Master's program in Molecular Chemistry.

2058:

That is why I proposed to move Ecole Polytechnique (in addition a spelling mistake) towards Ecole polytechnique (France), as it is on the French Knowledge, or Ecole Polytechnique ---: -->

1235:

In any case, nobody disagrees from the fact that Polytechnique is the best known and most reputed engineering school in France. :-) And I'm not saying that because I'm a professor there.

392:"The foremost scientific school" is not appropriate because, as you say, it is too promotional. But we can say that it is the most selective scientific school in France for two reasons : 1913:. I don't think this is a significant argument for not moving, as it may well do so later, but it illustrates that these capitalization reforms have still to settle in in France itself. 2256:(the library of the school), although it is a department of the school (see the website I quoted earlier), they put a logotype which reads « École Polytechnique » ! Nevertheless, on a 2607:» with a lower case p. But this is the English Knowledge, and we use English typography, even where we are borrowing the French name because there's no specific English name. Thus « 2081:

which is done by recognized academic institution and use methods which give weight to objective measures only while the two in this article are based on opinions of graduates..--

908:

No, the school you are referring to is Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, in Canada. This article is about Ecole Polytechnique in Palaiseau, France, a founding member of ParisTech.

436:

I don't think you can list X as a military academy. First, it has lost this status years ago. Second, there's no military training after the 8 first months, except for sports.

1718:

In any case, the Columbia link is broken. The authorship of the MIT link is unclear -- someone in the MIT Mathematics department. So the book is definitely a better citation.

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Also, it says they take military training, but does not say if it is at the school, like Virginia Military Institute, or if they take it from the real military off-campus.

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Ecole polytechnique (EP, Palaiseau), or whatever... the important thing being to DISAMBIGUATE... . There are other Ecoles polytechniques in Lausanne, in Zürich, etc...

1675:" is that good enough a source to remove the "by some"? If not, there need to be an indication of who these "some" are and who are the "others" and what these think. -- 842:) and then they get all a graduate eduction, and then a diploma. There is NO undergraduate diploma, so I believe we can't write that the Ecole produces undergraduates. 487:

The master awarded at X is not a "master's degree" but a master (french word !) wich is quite the same thing as a M.S. It is awarded after 5 years of studies, 2 in the

2456:

find a typographic rule justifying the change. Maybe, I had a bad reading of the documents. If you can quote me the relevant sentences, I would be grateful for that.

2230: 1220:(ENS), Mines Paris etc. Some people who have been admitted to École polytechnique resign from the competition in order to go to some of these other grandes écoles. 2294:

In French, Gkml is right, the correct spelling is "École polytechnique" in French. However, in English, I've always seen it written "Ecole Polytechnique" (without

1162:

Once clear authority has been established, this is clearly a relevant way to characterize the school, and the remark could be reinserted if it is indeed accurate.

812:

The infobox says there are no undergrads, but this is completely incoherent for an article that describes in detail the Polytechnic's undergraduate curriculum. --

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Applied Arts & Sciences School? I am unsure if French "polytechnique" equates with English "polytechnic", nor am I sure such a direct translation applies.

1599:

The history section is fairly weak. It's just a chronological list, and it seems to be lacking in key historical events and essential commentary / context.

2245:) ; nevertheless, if you prefer another spelling according to some relevant English typographic rules (of which I do not know the details), it's up to you ; 1871:. This is the English Knowledge, so we use English capitalization conventions, so proper nouns such as individual schools should be capitalized as such. -- 1018:

be primarily scientific, or if one wants to discuss the doctoral research that takes place at the school, there is certainly room to do so in the article.

447:

Right, one author added it, perhaps deluded by the idea that a military highschool was better to enter X. Could you perhaps start an article on "Ginette"?

248: 940: 503: 2909: 2864: 2924: 2894: 158: 2874: 2393:- this is not an article about école polytechniques in general, but a particular one called École Polytechnique. That is a title, so should be in 168: 996:

For some time now, there have been edits going back and forth between describing the school as an “engineering school” or a “scientific school”.

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publics ». You also have the same case with the « École centrale » in Paris, with its full name : « École centrale des arts et manufactures ».

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with the time and energy to wade through it all really needs to severely edit this article if it is to even approach encyclopaedic standards.

1005:(retrieved 2010-03-23) where it says “For over 200 years, École Polytechnique has been a leader among the French engineering grandes écoles.” 2904: 336: 1889: 2919: 2318: 1636: 978: 692: 376: 2046: 2694: 2113:

Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a

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points for the local language. (sorry, but I just had to use that phrase that got Kauffner into debates on European train station pages)

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Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a

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supposed to be to "dropout rate", which would be appropriate to an education context? But this would not be a measure of selectivity. --

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The claim has been made that the school is the most selective of the grandes écoles. But this was backed up with the following comment:

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Generally speaking, the only reason one would have to resign from the competition for Polytechnique is if you have been admitted to an

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degree) when students may choose to move to a specialized engineering school to get another degree in a specific engineering major.

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program in a regular university, upon completion of which they will be awarded a true master's degree (equivalent to an old French

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it the French name of it. I don't know about caps in English, but i know about it in French and i know École is non English word.

1014:(retrieved 2010-03-23) where it describes its three programs: an engineering program, a Master's program, and a doctoral program. 433:

are allowed to access ecole polytechnique, so this phrase might be changed "Both male and female French polytechniciens (or "X")"

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The term that you have now put in the article, "combined undergraduate-graduate curriculum", captures this well, in my opinion.--

327: 291: 662: 2859: 2169: 404:- École Polytechnique is also more selective than any other scientific school which is not a Grande École (universities, etc.). 444:

students actually come from Louis-le-Grand or Sainte-Geneviève; and seeing the Prytanée mentionned here is quite surprising !

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I agree that the word "most" should be taken out. In principle, I would replace the present web citations by the book one. --

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Furthermore, the school's undergraduate degree is an engineering degree. See for instance its English language page entitled

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mix of science in a variety of areas including quantum mechanics, a little computer programming, humanities and management.

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Does École polytechnique know these rules ? Maybe, because it appears to be consistent concerning its English literature ;

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Please help us understand in what way the school's own English language pages should not be dispositive on this matter. --

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has been placed into the peer review thread. I invite you to take a peek at it and say what you think of it. Thanks!

1627: 1253:, this certainly sheds light on both the meaning of the term "resignation rate" and its relevance in the context of 1578:

I managed to carry out the necessary changes. I also adapted the illustrations. Now the text needs extensions... --

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Confusion between Ecole polytechnique (France) and Ecole polytechnique de Montreal~made by Bloomberg Businessweek

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to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the

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The website is still not perfect but the vocabulary was adjusted to "educational and research establishment". --

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Thanks for your attention, and if any clarification is needed, do not hesitate to ask for further information.

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I made the change of text and reference. I also moved the sentence on alumni into the noted people section. --

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As said in the article, the basic military training takes place in the french Army moutain warfare center in

2555:« and « Centrale » or « Centrale Paris », also « École centrale des arts et manufactures » as quoted above ; 2205: 1983: 1918: 1897: 936:

and there is no special exchange programme for student from IST (I tried to search for it, there is for MIT

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I beleive this is the school where the second montreal shooting took place. They even have a movie about it.

828: 675: 574: 570: 415: 2001:'s summary. Also to note that the nominator moved the page during this discussion. I have moved it back. -- 937: 777:

what the reader is supposed to make of this box, as the École Polytechnique does not even appear in it! --

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Actually it was ranked 10 in the 2005 edition, but has lost some ranks since then. So no lie and no shame

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Both QS and Times ranking methods are not considered professional. The one which does, is the Chinese ARWU

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This statement appeared in the third paragraph of the article, however it is unsupported by the evidence.

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The school describes itself as an engineering school. See for instance its English language page entitled

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I second that... when I deleted this false assertion, my modifications were stubbornly deleted ! Shame !

1892:, which frequently appears with the capitalized P, and frequently is known without the city appended. -- 1338:

selective school in the United States, the rate is comparable to Harvard's 2009 acceptance rate of 7.9%.

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background in (pure and applied) mathematics, computer science, and natural sciences (physics, chemistry

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If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with

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https://web.archive.org/20081218132959/http://www.mines-paristech.fr:80/Actualites/PR/EMP-ranking.html

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thanks again for this reply, and yes there is no doubt that in French usage it would be styled as «

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to go there and to go elsewhere, except if admitted to one of the ENS, which take fewer students.

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has, on the other hand, a completely different set of goals. At least as I see it, the aim of the

335:

on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

133:

on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

2807: 2360: 2339: 2064: 2052: 1914: 1850: 875: 847: 607: 511: 2737:

before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template

959: 909: 729: 650: 624: 2753: 2698: 2569:» and « l'Arc de Triomphe » (when it is wished to be implicit that it is that one of l'Étoile). 2309: 930:"Finally, some foreign students come for a single year from institutions such as MIT and IST." 2676: 2620: 2512: 2406: 1661: 1658:

The Research foundations of graduate education: Germany, Britain, France, United States, Japan

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I find the outline of other higher education much clearer. I propose the following structure:

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As far as I understand, any foreign student already enrolled at another institution can apply

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http://www.fc.ethz.ch/facts/ir/rankings/thes_ranking/THES_World_University_Rankings_2007.pdf/

2821: 2768: 2533:; nevertheless maybe you would be interested in knowing that in best French typography (see 2086: 2006: 1941: 1936: 1737: 1709: 1680: 1583: 1555: 1522: 1083: 1069: 236: 2760: 2248:

it is obvious that you could meet the two writings, even more ; for example, I've kept the

1451:“MIT and Columbia consider École Polytechnique the best scientific establishment in France” 1390:) is a more reliable measure of the attractiveness of a school than is the acceptance rate? 2684: 2504: 2181: 2173: 2131: 1823: 1751: 1723: 1695: 1569: 1540: 1480: 1436: 1346: 1326: 1299: 1200: 1185: 1170: 1097: 1054: 1040: 1025: 963: 913: 861: 817: 797: 782: 733: 628: 507: 598:

curriculum) exists within the modern "cycle polytechnicien" only in the 4th-year (i.e.

17: 2719:, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by 2641: 2587: 2500: 2476: 2373: 2277: 2157: 1965: 1868: 895: 478: 459:

Right, but X is not a state university. It does not follow the same statutes as French

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If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with

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Renaming to « École polytechnique (France) » - previous request following - see above

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and capitalized P). The university uses those spellings, depending on the language:

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if you have a look on the website : all the students make undergraduate education (

821: 801: 786: 765: 737: 721: 700: 679: 632: 610: 557: 545: 519: 481: 467: 419: 2631: 2616: 2528: 2508: 2445: 2402: 2398: 2019: 1864: 1466: 1216:'s main entrance exam, they almost invariably apply for other grandes écoles, e.g. 1092:

Nice to see that Polytechnique is doing a better job of explaining their programs.

495: 2324: 2234: 1149:École Polytechnique has the smallest resignation rate among French Grandes Écoles. 2794:(This is no longer something specific to the student joining a Corps de l'État). 1628:

http://www.polytechnique.edu/home/about-ecole-polytechnique/history-and-heritage/

2817: 2726: 2082: 2002: 1733: 1705: 1676: 1579: 1551: 1518: 1079: 1065: 839: 647: 1958:(copy-paste from the Ecole Central de Lyon RM, also nominated by the same user) 2725:. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than 2449: 2429:

Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a

2127: 2028:

Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a

1819: 1776: 1747: 1719: 1691: 1565: 1536: 1476: 1432: 1342: 1322: 1295: 1196: 1181: 1180:

If you don't know what resignation rate means, you should not edit this page.

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http://www-math.mit.edu/academics/undergrad/general/international/ecole.html

380: 223: 205: 177: 101: 74: 2615:" (noting also that the « » and " " quote marks are different!). Thanks — 2148:– The proposed new spelling is in accordance to the right French one, see 831:". The Ecole delivers to its students (expect for the few phd) the French 749:

https://interestingengineering.com/the-best-engineering-schools-in-germany

1998: 1872: 2681:

after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add

2499:- "Use lowercase, except for proper names". For example, we capitalise " 2172:). The same move was proposed in 2012 but did not find consensus then. 502:. It is completed by classes taken in french military academies such as 1386:

So if I understand correctly, you are saying that the withdrawal rate (

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suspect, however, that the dropout rate for Polytechnique is quite low.

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because this is a specific university ; and if you have a look at the

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You have no idea what you are talking about. Stop editing this page.

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students who leave after starting the program but before graduating.

2397:. French usage is irrelevant, since this is the English Knowledge. 1564:

Sure, the one you mention looks good to me. I'll be happy to help.

939:. The only reference I found from IST is this page (in Portuguese) 2689:

to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:

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Hello people, this is to inform you that the article dedicated to

2548:» and « Polytechnique » (when used alone) for that one in Paris ; 2319:

L’X va exploiter l’une des plus grandes bases de données au monde

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The Columbia statement was supported by the following reference:

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states "they range from the immensely selective and prestigious

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Knowledge level-5 vital articles in Society and social sciences

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here. Is this article still biased or imbalanced in some way?

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if this is renamed then the current title should redirect to

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curriculum is to provide a broad and, by American standards,

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When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the

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http://www.mines-paristech.fr/Actualites/PR/EMP-ranking.html

2229:(the official printer for the French State), please see the 2055:

attended Ecole polytechnique in France and not in Montreal.

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The reference cited to support the statement about MIT is:

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fr:Service hydrographique et océanographique de la Marine

1267:" (would that be the French?) and "resignation rate" are 2665:

I have just added archive links to one external link on

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L’X will study one of the largest databases in the world

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I've seen it written in English with capitalized "P" --

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The following discussion is an archived discussion of a

247:

on Knowledge. Please visit the project page to join the

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Knowledge vital articles in Society and social sciences

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Thanks in advance for your precisions. Best regards. --

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and with capitalized P) or "École Polytechnique (with

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The following is an unsourced quote from the article:

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C-Class vital articles in Society and social sciences

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The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a

2018:

The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a

835:, which is an equivalent of a strong Master's Degree. 2254:

website of the Bibliothèque de l'École polytechnique

331:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 235:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 129:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 2729:using the archive tool instructions below. Editors 2117:. No further edits should be made to this section. 1809:. No further edits should be made to this section. 375:good description of a French grandes ecoles, go to 2433:. No further edits should be made to this section. 2126:. Consensus is still to retain the current title. 2032:. No further edits should be made to this section. 1626:all the information put on our article's section: 2243:Association des anciens élèves et diplômés de l'X 1467:http://www.columbia.edu/cu/alliance/partner.html 2715:This message was posted before February 2018. 2043:It is important to disambiguate in the title. 2239:website of the association of the old fellows 840:http://www.polytechnique.edu/page.php?MID=173 8: 1501:Campuses (Paris then Palaiseau, the library) 992:“engineering school” or “scientific school”? 792:Seeing no objection, I'm removing the box.-- 383:pages. Gabaix 07:52, 27 January 2010 (UTC) 2103:The following is a closed discussion of a 2047:Bloomberg Businessweek, Jean-Paul Herteman 1660:. University of California Press. p. 162. 1507:Academic profile (Admission, Ranking etc.) 751: 280: 200: 69: 2264:spelling, namely « École polytechnique ». 370:"the foremost French engineering school." 1472:I am therefore removing this statement. 827:depends on the definition you take for " 2539:fr:Wikipédia:Conventions typographiques 2168:This is a contested technical request ( 282: 202: 71: 30: 2051:Bloomberg Businessweek got mistaken : 1550:in many articles ( on other topics).-- 261:Knowledge:WikiProject Higher education 2915:WikiProject Higher education articles 504:école spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr 264:Template:WikiProject Higher education 7: 2231:recommendations concerning that case 2122:The result of the move request was: 1814:The result of the move request was: 325:This article is within the scope of 229:This article is within the scope of 123:This article is within the scope of 60:It is of interest to the following 1504:Organization (military status etc) 25: 2910:C-Class Higher education articles 2669:. Please take a moment to review 728:ranking is marred by controversy. 2865:Knowledge level-5 vital articles 2310:Le logo de l'École polytechnique 2180:) 04:13, 13 February 2015 (UTC) 377:École nationale d'administration 345:Knowledge:WikiProject Technology 312: 302: 284: 222: 204: 110: 100: 73: 40: 31: 2925:WikiProject Technology articles 2895:High-importance France articles 2150:fr:École polytechnique (France) 2096:Requested move 13 February 2015 1890:École Polytechnique de Montréal 1313:Statistics of the entrance exam 1153:Statistics of the entrance exam 348:Template:WikiProject Technology 163:This article has been rated as 2875:C-Class level-5 vital articles 2826:02:15, 23 September 2019 (UTC) 2577:Organisation des Nations unies 2525:Thanks for your explanations, 2235:website of the engineer school 2011:05:43, 28 September 2012 (UTC) 1988:22:27, 20 September 2012 (UTC) 1974:21:41, 20 September 2012 (UTC) 1956:00:18, 20 September 2012 (UTC) 1923:06:35, 18 September 2012 (UTC) 1902:04:27, 18 September 2012 (UTC) 1881:23:48, 17 September 2012 (UTC) 1855:13:57, 17 September 2012 (UTC) 1574:04:25, 25 September 2010 (UTC) 1560:05:40, 24 September 2010 (UTC) 1545:23:26, 23 September 2010 (UTC) 1527:17:55, 23 September 2010 (UTC) 1102:05:58, 23 September 2010 (UTC) 1088:20:11, 21 September 2010 (UTC) 1074:19:45, 21 September 2010 (UTC) 904:20:52, 14 September 2009 (UTC) 701:21:55, 15 September 2008 (UTC) 1: 2846:07:55, 19 February 2020 (UTC) 2801:Is this article "unbalanced?" 2517:13:00, 23 February 2015 (UTC) 2481:12:17, 23 February 2015 (UTC) 2411:15:45, 21 February 2015 (UTC) 2378:20:58, 13 February 2015 (UTC) 2344:18:42, 13 February 2015 (UTC) 2282:15:26, 13 February 2015 (UTC) 2210:06:02, 13 February 2015 (UTC) 2190:04:13, 13 February 2015 (UTC) 2162:02:10, 13 February 2015 (UTC) 2136:16:02, 21 February 2015 (UTC) 968:11:05, 31 December 2009 (UTC) 918:11:06, 31 December 2009 (UTC) 880:20:00, 12 February 2009 (UTC) 870:thanks for your corrections. 866:02:43, 11 February 2009 (UTC) 852:00:08, 10 February 2009 (UTC) 802:08:01, 13 February 2009 (UTC) 738:11:10, 31 December 2009 (UTC) 633:11:40, 31 December 2009 (UTC) 604:Ingénieur de la Polytechnique 594:indeed, in the 5-year German 520:13:48, 22 February 2006 (UTC) 339:and see a list of open tasks. 185:This article is supported by 137:and see a list of open tasks. 2905:All WikiProject France pages 2781:06:05, 18 October 2015 (UTC) 2611:» in English is written as " 2306:The École Polytechnique logo 2091:20:36, 10 October 2012 (UTC) 1513:Notable alumni and academics 953:02:19, 29 October 2009 (UTC) 822:06:51, 3 February 2009 (UTC) 787:15:54, 1 February 2009 (UTC) 766:12:44, 1 February 2021 (UTC) 482:11:38, 11 January 2006 (UTC) 468:16:46, 15 October 2005 (UTC) 420:15:35, 6 February 2010 (UTC) 232:WikiProject Higher education 143:Knowledge:WikiProject France 2920:C-Class Technology articles 2646:16:46, 21 August 2015 (UTC) 2625:16:26, 21 August 2015 (UTC) 2592:09:25, 21 August 2015 (UTC) 2567:arc de triomphe de l'Étoile 2069:10:06, 4 October 2012 (UTC) 1828:17:03, 6 October 2012 (UTC) 1621:History section link broken 1588:20:52, 4 October 2010 (UTC) 611:03:47, 28 August 2006 (UTC) 558:18:40, 26 August 2006 (UTC) 546:23:11, 25 August 2006 (UTC) 146:Template:WikiProject France 2941: 2812:I don't really understand 2746:(last update: 5 June 2024) 2687:|deny=InternetArchiveBot}} 2662:Hello fellow Wikipedians, 2495:here is the first rule of 1843:Official French spelling. 1615:04:11, 15 April 2011 (UTC) 1485:09:13, 25 March 2010 (UTC) 1441:15:24, 29 March 2010 (UTC) 1374:12:52, 29 March 2010 (UTC) 1351:05:09, 29 March 2010 (UTC) 1331:04:56, 29 March 2010 (UTC) 1310:Looking once again at the 1304:04:18, 29 March 2010 (UTC) 1245:20:30, 28 March 2010 (UTC) 1205:22:27, 24 March 2010 (UTC) 1190:09:05, 24 March 2010 (UTC) 1175:21:44, 23 March 2010 (UTC) 1059:22:44, 24 March 2010 (UTC) 1045:09:05, 24 March 2010 (UTC) 1030:21:34, 23 March 2010 (UTC) 722:05:07, 24 March 2009 (UTC) 680:09:23, 14 April 2008 (UTC) 651:04:11, 27 April 2006 (UTC) 169:project's importance scale 2900:Paris task force articles 2329:About École Polytechnique 1785:02:54, 13 July 2013 (UTC) 1656:Clark, Burton R. (1993). 1218:École normale supérieures 1212:When people apply to the 1123:02:50, 13 July 2013 (UTC) 987:08:54, 7 March 2010 (UTC) 637: 297: 267:Higher education articles 217: 184: 162: 95: 68: 2562:» or « Centrale Lyon » ; 2426:Please do not modify it. 2110:Please do not modify it. 2025:Please do not modify it. 1802:Please do not modify it. 1756:09:28, 5 June 2011 (UTC) 1742:09:11, 5 June 2011 (UTC) 1728:07:58, 5 June 2011 (UTC) 1714:07:50, 5 June 2011 (UTC) 1700:06:37, 5 June 2011 (UTC) 1685:08:06, 4 June 2011 (UTC) 1645:23:47, 16 May 2011 (UTC) 1517:What would you think? -- 1225:École normale supérieure 1138:04:57, 29 May 2022 (UTC) 451:07:05, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC) 440:08:05, 6 Jul 2004 (UTC) 251:, and see the project's 18:Talk:École Polytechnique 2890:C-Class France articles 2658:External links modified 1911:is still using capitals 1010:Curriculum and Programs 1001:The Ecole Polytechnique 575:Imperial College London 2860:C-Class vital articles 2560:École centrale de Lyon 2241:, in French « l'AX » ( 328:WikiProject Technology 181: 489:classes préparatoires 180: 47:level-5 vital article 2727:regular verification 2712:to let others know. 2673:. If necessary, add 2262:Imprimerie nationale 2227:Imprimerie nationale 638:Ecoles d'Application 491:and 3 at the school. 188:the Paris task force 2831:Severe deficiencies 2717:After February 2018 2708:parameter below to 2667:École Polytechnique 2613:École Polytechnique 2609:École polytechnique 2605:École polytechnique 2546:École polytechnique 2325:À propos de l’École 2146:École polytechnique 2142:École Polytechnique 1838:École polytechnique 1834:École Polytechnique 1673:École Polytechnique 1388:taux de démission ? 1265:taux de résignation 1214:École polytechnique 833:diplome d'ingénieur 429:I don't think only 351:Technology articles 2722:InternetArchiveBot 2053:Jean-Paul Herteman 255:for useful advice. 182: 126:WikiProject France 56:content assessment 2779: 2747: 2258:litterary address 2192: 1635:comment added by 1605:comment added by 768: 756:comment added by 712:comment added by 691:comment added by 682: 670:comment added by 367: 366: 363: 362: 359: 358: 320:Technology portal 279: 278: 275: 274: 253:article guideline 199: 198: 195: 194: 16:(Redirected from 2932: 2814:this cleanup tag 2811: 2775: 2774:Talk to my owner 2770: 2745: 2744: 2723: 2688: 2680: 2635: 2602: 2532: 2493: 2428: 2272:Best regards. -- 2250:Journal Officiel 2167: 2112: 2027: 1804: 1670: 1647: 1617: 724: 703: 665: 353: 352: 349: 346: 343: 322: 317: 316: 306: 299: 298: 288: 281: 269: 268: 265: 262: 259: 258:Higher education 237:higher education 226: 219: 218: 212:Higher education 208: 201: 151: 150: 147: 144: 141: 120: 115: 114: 113: 104: 97: 96: 91: 88: 77: 70: 53: 44: 43: 36: 35: 27: 21: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2930: 2929: 2850: 2849: 2833: 2805: 2803: 2788: 2778: 2773: 2738: 2731:have permission 2721: 2682: 2674: 2660: 2629: 2596: 2526: 2505:Arc de Triomphe 2487: 2442: 2437: 2424: 2260:, they use the 2108: 2098: 2076: 2074:Ranking section 2041: 2036: 2023: 1800: 1772: 1667: 1655: 1653: 1651:Ranking section 1630: 1623: 1600: 1492: 1490:Article outline 1453: 1319:démissionnaires 1145: 1130:Mohammed Shaykh 994: 975: 945:Universalcosmos 925: 892: 810: 774: 772:French Science? 707: 686: 658: 640: 587:fairly advanced 427: 372: 350: 347: 344: 341: 340: 318: 311: 266: 263: 260: 257: 256: 165:High-importance 149:France articles 148: 145: 142: 139: 138: 116: 111: 109: 90:High‑importance 89: 83: 54:on Knowledge's 51: 41: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2938: 2936: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2852: 2851: 2832: 2829: 2802: 2799: 2787: 2784: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2757: 2702: 2701: 2693:Added archive 2659: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2580: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2563: 2556: 2553:École centrale 2549: 2541:), we write : 2520: 2519: 2501:United Nations 2441: 2438: 2436: 2435: 2421:requested move 2415: 2414: 2413: 2387: 2386: 2385: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2368:Good night. -- 2366: 2365: 2364: 2352: 2333: 2332: 2331: 2322: 2312: 2292: 2289: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2246: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2194: 2193: 2152:, thank you – 2139: 2120: 2119: 2105:requested move 2099: 2097: 2094: 2075: 2072: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2034: 2020:requested move 2014: 2013: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1959: 1925: 1904: 1883: 1831: 1812: 1811: 1797:requested move 1791: 1789: 1771: 1770:Requested move 1768: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1666:978-0520079977 1665: 1652: 1649: 1637:128.12.114.142 1622: 1619: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1547: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1491: 1488: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1396: 1395: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1366:David.Monniaux 1361: 1354: 1353: 1334: 1333: 1307: 1306: 1291: 1290: 1285: 1284: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1272: 1259: 1258: 1251:David.Monniaux 1237:David.Monniaux 1210: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1144: 1141: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1076: 993: 990: 979:71.234.215.133 974: 971: 924: 921: 891: 888: 887: 886: 885: 884: 883: 882: 836: 809: 808:no undergrads? 806: 805: 804: 773: 770: 693:82.225.238.232 657: 654: 639: 636: 616: 615: 614: 613: 583:Polytechnicien 555:David.Monniaux 551: 550: 549: 548: 543:200.177.26.167 523: 522: 512:école de l'air 510:for the Navy, 506:for the Army, 492: 471: 470: 465:David.Monniaux 449:David.Monniaux 438:David.Monniaux 426: 423: 408: 407: 406: 405: 399: 398: 397: 396: 389: 388: 371: 368: 365: 364: 361: 360: 357: 356: 354: 337:the discussion 324: 323: 307: 295: 294: 289: 277: 276: 273: 272: 270: 227: 215: 214: 209: 197: 196: 193: 192: 183: 173: 172: 161: 155: 154: 152: 135:the discussion 122: 121: 105: 93: 92: 78: 66: 65: 59: 37: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2937: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2838:46.233.77.228 2830: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2785: 2783: 2782: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2742: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2657: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2633: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2595: 2594: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2542: 2540: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2323: 2321:(in the text) 2320: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2202:70.51.200.101 2199: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2118: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2073: 2071: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2056: 2054: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2038: 2033: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2015: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1980:76.65.131.248 1977: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1962:Strong Oppose 1960: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1915:In ictu oculi 1912: 1908: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1894:76.65.131.248 1891: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1861:Strong oppose 1859: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1810: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1769: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1607:173.206.212.5 1604: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1489: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1450: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1426: 1425: 1416: 1415: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1402: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1389: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1269:false friends 1266: 1261: 1260: 1256: 1255:Polytechnique 1252: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1150: 1143:selectiveness 1142: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1061: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1006: 1004: 1002: 997: 991: 989: 988: 984: 980: 972: 970: 969: 965: 961: 955: 954: 950: 946: 941: 938: 935: 931: 928: 922: 920: 919: 915: 911: 906: 905: 901: 897: 890:1989 shooting 889: 881: 877: 873: 869: 868: 867: 863: 859: 855: 854: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 834: 830: 826: 825: 824: 823: 819: 815: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 790: 789: 788: 784: 780: 771: 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 750: 744: 740: 739: 735: 731: 725: 723: 719: 715: 714:128.2.188.202 711: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 664: 655: 653: 652: 649: 645: 635: 634: 630: 626: 620: 612: 609: 605: 601: 597: 592: 588: 584: 580: 579:Polytechnique 576: 572: 568: 567:Polytechnique 564: 563: 562: 561: 560: 559: 556: 547: 544: 540: 536: 532: 527: 526: 525: 524: 521: 518: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 490: 486: 485: 484: 483: 480: 475: 469: 466: 462: 458: 457: 456: 452: 450: 445: 441: 439: 434: 432: 425:Only French ? 424: 422: 421: 417: 413: 412:129.104.247.2 403: 402: 401: 400: 394: 393: 391: 390: 386: 385: 384: 382: 378: 369: 355: 338: 334: 330: 329: 321: 315: 310: 308: 305: 301: 300: 296: 293: 290: 287: 283: 271: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 233: 228: 225: 221: 220: 216: 213: 210: 207: 203: 190: 189: 179: 175: 174: 170: 166: 160: 157: 156: 153: 136: 132: 128: 127: 119: 118:France portal 108: 106: 103: 99: 98: 94: 87: 82: 79: 76: 72: 67: 63: 57: 49: 48: 38: 34: 29: 28: 19: 2834: 2804: 2796: 2793: 2789: 2766: 2741:source check 2720: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2703: 2664: 2661: 2497:WP:TITLECASE 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2443: 2425: 2418: 2401:. Thanks — 2395:WP:TITLECASE 2390: 2286: 2261: 2249: 2242: 2226: 2197: 2140: 2123: 2121: 2109: 2102: 2077: 2057: 2050: 2045: 2042: 2024: 2017: 1994: 1961: 1948: 1947: 1940: 1939: 1937:Hill Crest's 1933:way too many 1932: 1927: 1909:The website 1906: 1885: 1860: 1845: 1842: 1832: 1815: 1813: 1801: 1794: 1788: 1773: 1672: 1657: 1654: 1624: 1598: 1516: 1510:Student life 1493: 1474: 1471: 1464: 1457: 1454: 1387: 1318: 1312: 1264: 1234: 1230: 1222: 1211: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1126: 1112: 1020: 1016: 1009: 1007: 1000: 998: 995: 976: 973:Translation? 956: 932: 929: 926: 907: 893: 832: 829:undergaduate 811: 775: 752:— Preceding 745: 741: 726: 705: 684: 672:88.67.230.56 661:ratio. See: 659: 656:THES Ranking 641: 621: 617: 603: 599: 595: 590: 586: 582: 578: 566: 552: 508:école navale 496:Barcelonette 488: 476: 472: 460: 453: 446: 442: 435: 430: 428: 409: 373: 326: 241:universities 230: 186: 164: 124: 62:WikiProjects 45: 2582:Regards. -- 2431:move review 2361:its website 2221:2 points : 2198:Weak Oppose 2115:move review 2030:move review 1807:move review 1631:—Preceding 1601:—Preceding 758:212.25.6.87 708:—Preceding 687:—Preceding 666:—Preceding 517:62.34.90.57 461:universités 2854:Categories 2182:EdJohnston 2174:EdJohnston 1942:WikiLaser! 463:, by far! 342:Technology 333:technology 292:Technology 249:discussion 2767:Cheers. — 2761:this tool 2754:this tool 2535:fr:LRTUIN 2170:permalink 2124:not moved 1966:ZooFamily 1816:not moved 896:Androo123 571:Cambridge 479:Identity0 381:HEC_Paris 50:is rated 2677:cbignore 2336:A455bcd9 2061:Euroflux 1907:Comment' 1847:Euroflux 1633:unsigned 1603:unsigned 872:Eumachia 844:Eumachia 754:unsigned 710:unsigned 689:unsigned 668:unsigned 245:colleges 2786:Tuition 2777::Online 2706:checked 2671:my edit 2632:Amakuru 2617:Amakuru 2529:Amakuru 2509:Amakuru 2446:Amakuru 2403:Amakuru 1928:Comment 1886:Comment 1869:WP:CAPS 1498:History 644:SUPAERO 573:or the 539:Caltech 498:in the 167:on the 52:C-class 2818:Jarble 2808:PM3017 2685:nobots 2551:the « 2544:the « 2444:Hello 2391:Oppose 2287:Oppose 2218:Hello, 2083:Gilisa 2003:Bob247 1995:Oppose 1746:Nice. 1734:Anneyh 1706:Anneyh 1677:Anneyh 1580:Anneyh 1552:Anneyh 1519:Anneyh 1418:rates. 1080:Anneyh 1066:Anneyh 648:Flambe 608:Mbruno 600:beyond 596:Diplom 431:French 243:, and 140:France 131:France 81:France 58:scale. 2450:DrKay 2399:WP:UE 2128:DrKay 1950:BOOM! 1865:WP:AT 1820:DrKay 1777:DC2en 1748:MyPOV 1720:MyPOV 1692:MyPOV 1566:MyPOV 1537:MyPOV 1477:MyPOV 1433:MyPOV 1343:MyPOV 1323:MyPOV 1296:MyPOV 1197:MyPOV 1182:Poppy 1167:MyPOV 1115:DC2en 1094:MyPOV 1051:MyPOV 1037:Poppy 1022:MyPOV 960:Gmt18 910:Gmt18 858:MyPOV 814:MyPOV 794:MyPOV 779:MyPOV 730:Gmt18 625:Gmt18 531:D.E.A 86:Paris 39:This 2842:talk 2822:talk 2710:true 2642:talk 2638:Gkml 2621:talk 2599:Gkml 2588:talk 2584:Gkml 2565:« l' 2558:« l' 2537:and 2513:talk 2490:Gkml 2477:talk 2473:Gkml 2448:and 2407:talk 2374:talk 2370:Gkml 2359:and 2340:talk 2278:talk 2274:Gkml 2206:talk 2186:talk 2178:talk 2158:talk 2154:Gkml 2132:talk 2087:talk 2065:talk 2007:talk 1997:per 1984:talk 1970:talk 1919:talk 1898:talk 1877:talk 1867:and 1863:See 1851:talk 1824:talk 1781:talk 1752:talk 1738:talk 1724:talk 1710:talk 1696:talk 1681:talk 1662:ISBN 1641:talk 1611:talk 1584:talk 1570:talk 1556:talk 1541:talk 1523:talk 1481:talk 1437:talk 1370:talk 1347:talk 1327:talk 1300:talk 1241:talk 1201:talk 1186:talk 1171:talk 1134:talk 1119:talk 1098:talk 1084:talk 1070:talk 1055:talk 1041:talk 1026:talk 983:talk 964:talk 949:talk 914:talk 900:talk 876:talk 862:talk 848:talk 818:talk 798:talk 783:talk 762:talk 734:talk 718:talk 697:talk 676:talk 629:talk 602:the 500:Alps 416:talk 379:and 159:High 2735:RfC 2697:to 2486:Hi 2423:. 2327:vs 2317:vs 2308:vs 2291:Hi, 2022:. 1999:BDD 1954:) 1873:BDD 1840:– 923:IST 591:and 537:or 535:MIT 2856:: 2844:) 2824:) 2748:. 2743:}} 2739:{{ 2683:{{ 2679:}} 2675:{{ 2644:) 2623:) 2590:) 2515:) 2479:) 2452:, 2409:) 2376:) 2342:) 2280:) 2208:) 2188:) 2160:) 2144:→ 2134:) 2107:. 2089:) 2067:) 2009:) 1986:) 1972:) 1921:) 1900:) 1879:) 1853:) 1836:→ 1826:) 1799:. 1783:) 1754:) 1740:) 1726:) 1712:) 1698:) 1683:) 1643:) 1613:) 1586:) 1572:) 1558:) 1543:) 1525:) 1483:) 1475:-- 1439:) 1431:-- 1372:) 1349:) 1341:-- 1329:) 1302:) 1294:-- 1271:. 1243:) 1203:) 1188:) 1173:) 1165:-- 1136:) 1121:) 1100:) 1086:) 1072:) 1064:-- 1057:) 1043:) 1028:) 985:) 966:) 951:) 916:) 902:) 878:) 864:) 850:) 820:) 800:) 785:) 764:) 736:) 720:) 699:) 678:) 631:) 418:) 410:-- 239:, 84:: 2840:( 2820:( 2810:: 2806:@ 2763:. 2756:. 2640:( 2634:: 2630:@ 2619:( 2601:: 2597:@ 2586:( 2531:: 2527:@ 2511:( 2492:: 2488:@ 2475:( 2405:( 2372:( 2363:. 2338:( 2300:É 2296:É 2276:( 2204:( 2184:( 2176:( 2156:( 2130:( 2085:( 2063:( 2005:( 1982:( 1968:( 1946:( 1917:( 1896:( 1875:( 1849:( 1822:( 1779:( 1750:( 1736:( 1722:( 1708:( 1694:( 1679:( 1669:. 1639:( 1609:( 1582:( 1568:( 1554:( 1539:( 1521:( 1479:( 1435:( 1368:( 1345:( 1325:( 1317:" 1298:( 1263:" 1257:. 1239:( 1199:( 1184:( 1169:( 1132:( 1117:( 1096:( 1082:( 1068:( 1053:( 1039:( 1024:( 981:( 962:( 947:( 912:( 898:( 874:( 860:( 846:( 816:( 796:( 781:( 760:( 732:( 716:( 695:( 674:( 627:( 414:( 191:. 171:. 64:: 20:)

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