Talk:Compact disc/Archive 2

3992:, the Dutch equivalent of the dime. It's about 14 mm in diameter. In other words: it fits perfectly in the central spindle hole. Now the story goes (at least, as told to me by a researcher at Philips R&D) that this was the result of a long, long meeting between the Dutch (Philips) engineers and the Japanese (Sony) engineers on the topic of deciding its size. It had to be significantly larger than that of a LP, yet smaller than that of a Laserdisc, so it wouldn't be accidentally be put in record players for either format. So near the end of a long fruitless meeting a Dutch engineer jokingly suggested to make it the size of a dubbeltje. "A what?", the Japanese responded, undoubtedly in a much more formal tone than I'm using right now. So the Dutch engineer showed them. The Japanese engineers immediatly consiscated the coin for precise measurements; and as a result of that meeting the spindle hole of Compact Discs is exactly the size of a dubbeltje. Of course, I know this is just a rumour; the man in question wasn't on the engineering team (I think... maybe he actually was), and even if he was, I can't really cite any sources. But I was just wondering if anyone else ever heard this story, and might be able to confirm or deny this story. 3739:, which was not yet available at that time. May be they mean something else, but I do not know what. In this context, what is a good definition of CD or CD player? I think a good definition of a CD player is a device that uses laser light for reading the digital audio on the disc. Russell first filed his first patent in Sept 1966. I studied this patent, and it indeed specifies a digital optical video medium. Note that this medium does not necessarily mean a disc. Russell’s preferred medium is a transparent overhead sheet (foil), which can be copied by a Xerox-copier machine or by photographic means. A laser is not used for reading the sheet. Instead the sheet is lighted from the back by a UV lamp, like in an X-ray box or overhead projector. The sheet itself is fixed (not rotating), and the player scans the sheet. This machine is a far cry from a regular compact disc player. Clearly, Russell’s invention and patent claims do not read on the above definition of a CD player, as a laser is not used in his apparatus. There are many more significant differences between Russell’s technology (as described in his patents, I have never seen product descriptions) and the CD. 3059:...and yet, the "LP album" wiki-article has a whole section labeled "Fidelity and formats" that deals with this very issue, and another section that goes on about vinyl scratching much more easily than CD (altho a scratch does not render an LP unplayable as easily as it does a CD), plus all manner of "flaws" in the vinyl format (dust... smoke...), while there is not a similar section for CDs. CDs were heralded, and promoted, as an improvement in fidelity. CDs use digital-sound technology from 1979; audio-fidelity-wise, it's obsolete. "CD sound" and "digital sound" are NOT synonymous: almost all engineers, computers, and even gaming stations, use vastly superior digital audio than CD 16bit/44.1. The "digital photography" wiki-article has an entire "Comparison with film photography" section, including "Equivalent features", "Disadvantages of digital cameras", etc. why do all these other "articles about a format" (vinyl, digital photography, etc) include information and sections about "the contents of the format" while CDs do not? a section dealing with the audio quality of CDs versus other formats (including better digital audio as well as vinyl) is called for. 3335:

technology go to work, as it were.’’ So, he clearly states he did not contribute to CD technology. That is exactly the point I try to make. Furthermore, his name is not listed in the articles at AES conventions and the patent literature. Note that Nakajima was educated as a room acoustics engineer, and therefore he could, and did not, contribute to modern digital technology. The fact that Nakajima (with Ogawa) wrote a book, as you say, on CD technology is not relevant as also Ken Pohlman wrote a book (the main source in this field), but nobody would name Pohlman a prominent member of the task force. I conclude: we both agree on the fact that Nakajima was a manager of Sony’s CD development, but he was not a top-engineer who carried out the main design of the CD system. So, it seems that we should not list him. Unless, of course, you also like to list many others such as Ohga or his wife, who, as rumor has it, 'invented' the 12 cm disc by demanding that Beethoven's Ninth could be recorded on a single disc.

4143:

fit on the CD. There was room for those few extra minutes, the Philips engineers agreed. The performance by the Berlin Philharmonic, conducted by Herbert von Karajan, lasted for 66 minutes. Just to be quite sure, a check was made with Philips' subsidiary, PolyGram, to ascertain what other recordings there were. The longest known performance lasted 74 minutes. This was a mono recording made during the Bayreuther Festspiele in 1951 and conducted by Wilhelm Furtwängler. This therefore became the playing time of a CD. A diameter of 12 centimeters was required for this playing time. In this way the specifications of the CD were determined by means of intensive contact between Philips and Sony.

3732:. The article says that Gregg first invented the optical disc in 1958. Gregg first filed an optical recording patent for a transparent optical disc in April 1967 (the article notes that Gregg first filed his patent in 1961 and 1990, but the patent itself specifies it is filed in 1967. It is not clear why there is a difference in the dates in the article text and patent. The efforts by Gregg and Philips engineers led to the introduction of the videodisc in 1975, Atlanta, USA. The above videodisc technology was used by Philips and Sony to construct the prototypes of a digital audio disk. The task force defined a joint digital layer, and the CD standard was a fact in 1979. 4172:

CD format. So I, a former member of that group, can only guess what happened at the upper floor. But something unforeseen happened: at the last minute we changed the code. Popular literature, as exemplified in Philips’ website mentioned above, states that the disc diameter is a direct result of the requested playing time. And that the extra 14 minutes playing time for Furtwängler’s Ninth subsequently required the change from 115mm to a 120 mm disc. It suggests that there are no other factors affecting playing time. Note that in May 1980, when disc diameter and playing time were agreed, the channel code, a key factor affecting playing time, was not yet settled.

6380:

80-minute audio CD is about 807 megabytes. A comparable CD-ROM can store ~807*(2048/2352) ~= 703 megabytes. Also, the number of pits and lands is vastly greater than the stored number of audio or data bits. For example, an 80-minute disc would have about 20 gigabits worth of pits and lands. You don't see that because the optical drive's electronics removes all the extra bits and just presents the audio data. As for the SACD thing, the data tracks are on physically different layers. The SACD track has a much higher data density. The laser pickup can read one track and ignore the other.

4390:$ 1G in royalties per annum) to avoid a long and very expensive patent litigation on US soil for a US court against a US company. Specifically, the Japanese Sony Company had some bad time in the 70s in patent court against the US Ampex company over the Betamax for example, and I can easily understand, since they lost a fortune over an irrelevant FM patent, that they avoided this battle on US soil by paying the petty cash. So paying the money is not a sign of the validity or even the relevance of the Russell patents. Therefore, I think we should concentrate on Russell's technology. On 6346:

used for control and display. Each byte is translated into a 14-bit word using eight-to-fourteen modulation, which alternates with three-bit merging words. In total there are 33 × (14 + 3) = 561 bits. A 27-bit unique synchronization word is added, so that the number of bits in a frame totals 588 (of which only 192 bits are music)." This would mean that for every minute of music on a cd, the actual amount of data that has to be pushed in is 33/24 of the size of a one-minute piece of stereo cd audio. A minute of cd audio is about 10.58 MB, so for an 80-minute cd we'd get about

4540:

CD, which is deep rooted in the MCA/Philips videodisk system is, I think, not the right setting to begin such a new article. So I suggest that we re-edit the CD article as it was around 24 hours or so ago with the Philips/MCA intro, and transfer the Russell topic to a new article entitled "The History of Optical Recording", and start from the top again. Unless, of course, you point out a Russell patent filed prior to 1969 (Philips' patent with focused laser beam reading through a protective reflective layer) with a description of laser read out.

3095:

phonograph-record noise. I have at least one such disc (it's a CD-R sold as a commercial music album). Not sure what the metric "max. length = 1 cm" applies to; seems like the number of bytes/blocks involved, or length of time, would be a better measure. In any case, keep in mind that the error detection and correction for audio (Red Book) CDs is much more forgiving than that for "data" CDs, and that the player will attempt to fill in the gaps of any playable errors.

865:

New International, Random House Unabridged, Oxford English Dictionary, and Oxford American Dictionary) only the Random House labels "Compact Disc" a trademark—though it also has "compact disk" as a separate entry, with no trademark indication. Of course, dictionaries aren't the authority on trademark issues, but I can't believe that "compact disc" is actually a trademark. If it's a trademark, then what's the generic name for these round shiny discs? —

6481: 38: 5327:, which is just as unreliable and amateur on copyediting and spelling issues as Knowledge. Its reasoning ("this spelling is part of the standard") violates the core principle of modern reference works of describing instead of prescribing usage. Just because the uppercase spelling is part of the standard does not mean that this has to be followed if most reliable sources do not and instead consider "compact disc" a genericized trademark. 3785:, MIT web site does not cite with references. MIT web site, Russell had contributed for very fundamental technologies before CD, but it is questionable or very marginal that web site mentioning as he was a inventor of CD. By natural view of Knowledge, even MIT said so, deleting about Russell from here is appropriate. Before CD, A/D & D/A converter is well popular in Analog/digital computer area, and 4164:" which was published December 2007, in Volume 57 of the IEEE Information Theory Society Newsletter. But in that, though Immink gives Beethoven association more attention then a cursory dismissal, he never claims it to be true, and I feel that he's essentially implying that even though it's a popular idea, the purported Beethoven association can be dismissed after merely a cursory examination. 4348:

result, the information density is low, and a small 12 cm diameter disc using Russell's technology can maximally store a few minutes (instead of an hour) of digital audio. Since, I think, a CD is by definition read by a laser beam, I think that the contribution to CD technology by Russell is essentially zero, and that the reference to Russell in the CD article should be deleted or adapted.

4495:

Victor V-225 "Magic Brain" Record Changer product in 1934 or so which was supposed to use light to read the squiggles in the record groove, and on both sides without the consumer flipping the record. Fast forward to inventors in the optical media world and we will have a better history timeline. For certain, we should make it obvious that Kees A. Schouhamer Immink's

1555:

remaining array on the page is to avoid having them summarily deleted by other wikicops while the revision work is in progress. If you've actually got any real knowledge of the subject material and are really interested in improving Knowledge, then I suggest you roll up your sleeves and help. Otherwise please have the courtesy to take a break from your axe (as per

4177:

would assume that if the disc had been changed to 120mm so that that version of the 9th could fit on one disc, then that version of the 9th would actually fit on the disc. I'd suggest the section be changed to reflect that the Beethoven story is urban legend/corporate myth and unverified, even if it's plausible. Has anyone else found anything more on the subject?

3119:

cm = 10.000 micron is equivalent with around 20.000 bits. As there are around 200 (user) bits per EFM frame, we deduct that 1 cm is equivalent with around 100 EFM frames. Noise from a cd player caused by imperfections, as you stipulate, is essentially impossible unless, of course, one uses a cheap, ill-engineered player without suitable ecc/concealment.

2149:, which I've already rebutted in detail, but to which I've nonetheless responded with a substantial good faith effort. My editing efforts have substantially expanded and improved the article, which is no harder to edit than anything else on Knowledge, and the logos are unquestionably relevant to and necessary for a full understanding of the content. -- 6354:

the right equipment, so they don't interfere as the cd is scanned. You'd expect that a 5.1 sacd should have a good deal less playing time than a stereo cd, and especially if all three modes are on the same laser spiral groove. Maybe engraved sacd's have a higher storage capacity than the normal cd format but not *that* much higher, I guess?

5520:, not necessarily the most common. Why don't you come up with something other than dictionaries, that show your request to change the status quo is actually founded in common usage, instead of a particular prescribed usage? You're the one who is not being taken seriously, if you didn't notice the tide of opinion against your stance. 2027:

was ever invented to read that kind of disk. At the end of the article it stated that they were aiming for one TB and to invent a player that could read it holographically instead of just the regular "laser-reflecting-off-2D-surface" way. I can't find it, although I remember it was on www.Neoseeker.com, a computer hardware store.

4167:

the Philips’ website with the ‘official’ history: "The playing time was determined posthumously by Beethoven". The wife of Sony's vice-president, Norio Ohga, decided that she wanted the composer's Ninth Symphony to fit on a CD. It was, Sony’s website explains, Mrs. Ohga's favorite piece of music. The Philips’ website proceeds:

4030:. Now, given that the site is such as it is, it's not great as a reference, but I believe it's probably true, given that this group were one of the biggest in Japan at the time and the album was their latest release (and as this aricle states, the first CD was released October 1 1982). Anybody know any others?-- 6345:

Moreover, the article says that "The smallest entity in a CD is called a frame, which consists of 33 bytes and contains six complete 16-bit stereo samples (two bytes × two channels × six samples: equals 24 bytes). The other nine bytes consist of eight CIRC error-correction bytes and one subcode byte,

5212:

Since this article is not primarily about the music industry product, we definitely need to at least mention that the spelling "compact disk" is very common at least in the US when referring to CDs in general instead of audio-CDs or the trademark "Compact Disc". Just because "compact disc" looks more

4366:

There's more than patent 3501586 to the story. Sony, Philips and others signed licensing after seeing the validity of the various Russell patents. Time Warner was slapped by $ 30M in court. If these entities see the connection, I don't find it useful to pore over the patents themselves and figure out

4171:

Everyday practice is less romantic than the pen of a public relations guru. It was not about Mrs. Ohga’s great passion for music, but the money and competition in the market of the two partners. The decision regarding diameter/playing time was taken outside of the group of experts responsible for the

4166:

Both disc diameter and playing time differ significantly from the preferred values listed during the Tokyo meeting in December 1979. So what happened during the six months? The minutes of the meetings do not give any clue as to why the changes to playing time and disc diameter were made. According to

3789:

is well established and photo diode is widely used for sensing. CD is very integrated technologies of various methodology, even Sony purchased some patents from Russell is true, it might be a one of the hint, and not directly concerned to be Russell is inventor of CD. Any way, need more citations for

3414:

The pit depth (actually pit, protrude height) 125.8nm is theoretical value. CD is comprised with single spiral line, and consists as with multiple tracks. CD player is designated to detect deviation from correct position when reading CD, and positional deviation is physically 3D axis. CD rotation is

3280:

visited Philips and saw the same development of optical audio recording disc that is almost the same Nakajima and Doi is under research in Sony. 1989 End of August, Joint develop with Philips started. 1981 autumn, Prototype exhibited to public at Audio fair, and 1982 August Sony announced CD and CD

3149:

That is not true. Tiny (as in 1mm) gaps are theoreticcally enough to produce errors that throw the error correction, and subsequentially the D/A converter off, which produces clicks. Error correction works on a per-frame basis, so 1cm gaps will definitely be uncorrectable. This is especially true for

3133:

For what it's worth, I don't think we should mention "noise" but rather "artifacting". CD's are digital and as such either the sound is there (or can be rebuilt) or it's not (and can't). I have yet to know of a player that will "make up a noise" and play that instead. If there is substantial rot (and

2512:

What are the opinions regarding moving the info about "audio CD" from the lead and put it in a section dealing specifically with audio CD formats. Having this information in the lead gives undue weight to the audio format and, as John Navas has rightly pointed out, Compact Disc covers more than just

2026:

I recently read an article now too long ago that a group of scientists put together an HDDVD with 500Gigs of memory. It was supposedly done so by using the entire disk itself, instead of just the surface. For each layer of the disk, they were able to put another 2D section of data, although no player

5205:

When the new storage technology of the compact disk arose in the 1970s, both c- and k-spellings competed for an initial period. Computer specialists preferred the familiar k-spelling, while people in the music industry, who saw the shiny circular plates as another form of phonograph record, referred

4455:

I do not agree with you. Money is just money and does not prove anything about the patents. Avoiding long patent battles on US soil by non US companies against US companies is great wisdom, and if you pay it is just doing business. Please show me some later Russell patents with laser read out, since

4394:

you my find some relevant remarks. As said, Russell's patents do not describe the reading of optical discs with a laser beam, so Russell has absolutely nothing to do with CD technology, because CDs are, as we all know, read by a laser beam. Please let me know in which of Russell's patents I can find

4154:

The disk diameter is a very basic parameter, because it relates to playing time. All parameters then have to be traded off to optimise playing time and reliability. The decision was made by the top brass of Philips. 'Compact Cassette was a great success', they said, 'we don't think CD should be much

3637:

The statements regarding Russell cannot be verified, and were therefore deleted. Note that the threshold for inclusion in Knowledge is verifiability, not truth. "Verifiable" in this context means that any reader should be able to check that material added to Knowledge has already been published by a

3617:

The pits on CDs are typically about lambda/6 deep. This enables the use of both a push-pull tracking error scheme, which works best at a pit depth of lambda/8, and three-beam and differential phase tracking methods, which work best at a pit depth of lambda/4. Hence CD’s pit depth is 780/6=125-130

3355:

CD pit depth is described 125nm, 1/4 of 503.2nm wave length, but actually pit depth is 110nm. The following is a draft of "article" before put there, herein "discussion", I would like describe background facts. I would also like to have all your comment, suggestion and/or correction and rewrite for

3271:

Read newly linked Sony History in Japanese, not all member, how only both Nakajima and Doi contributed technically. Nakajima is engineer and Mgr of Sony tech. lab also, but not only manage but also worked for CD and other audio development. Nakajima's contribution may not be ignored as the record as

3022:

There should be a section talking about the pros and cons of this audio format compared to other formats. It is well documented that one cannot get the full sound in cds that can be gotten from vinyl records. This is science. I see no reason why it cannot be added to the article regarding the social

2958:

For a decade or more after CDs came out, people complained that the sound was not as full or enveloping as that of vinyl, and that this could only be remedied via use of things like Bose wave technology additions to one's system. After a while, new generations forgot or never knew how vinyl sounded,

1174:

That link has NOTHING to do with any patents. "trademark" appears four (4) times on that page, while "patent" never does (0). Every single bit of information there indicates a trademark, not a patent. The fact that other articles may be using improper capitalization isn't exactly compelling. The

1074:

The link to the USPTO I posted clearly says the term is officially NOT a trademark in the US. The onus is on you to prove that it IS a trademark (somewhere). The fact that there is a trademarked logo that CONTAINS the term does not then make the term a trademark (see Winamp/Win-Amp). I'll wait a

864:

it should be capitalized, which seems fair. As far as I can tell, though, no one has actually provided evidence that "Compact Disc" is indeed a trademark. I certainly didn't think it was, and out of the six dictionaries I just checked (Merriam–Webster's Eleventh Collegiate, Chambers, Webster's Third

566:

That's true, but the whole thing really hinges on whether "Compact Disc" is a registered trademark and, as such, must be written that way (like the way the real-estate industry has hijacked the word "Realtor"™ so that it is now always capitalized when you see it in newspapers, etc.). Otherwise, yes,

185:

an image "gallery" -- it's a reference collection of the authoritative logos for the various different compact disc formats. That these logos all look similar is hardly surprising, but they nonetheless are quite distinct, and each one serves a specific purpose. Are you actually familiar with compact

4539:

I agree with you that it would be nice if we could start a section, or preferably a new article, on the history of (digital) optical recording, inclusive of Greg who, as early as 1959, started with videodisk recording. I do not think that the Compact Disc article is the right setting for this. The

4325:

I rewrote the History bit about JT Russell, who clearly did not "invent the CD" but was an important contributor to its underlying technology. In 1987, first Sony then Philips signed patent licensing agreements with ORC, a company that had purchased Russell's intellectual property. In 1992, ORC was

4228:

I'm not sure where to ask this question, so maybe this is as good a place as any. If there is only one track, a long and spiraling track from start to finish, how does a controller determine where it is, but by reading all the data from the inside of the Compact Disc, to the place where the laser

3474:

describes Photo diode arrangement for data and tracking signal detection with one 田 shaped 140nm square with four photo diodes and two 180nm square diodes aside, namely A, B, C, D, E and F. Binary data is obtained from total value of A+B+C+D. Also if A=C and B=D value presents correct position on

3256:

I do not believe it is a good idea to list all people of Sony's board of directors, or even more, as 'prominent' members of the CD design group. Nakajima was in 1980 responsible as a director of the audio division. His technical contributions to CD are nihil as can be verified from the fact that he

3118:

in S.B. Wicker and V.K. Bhargava, Edrs, Reed-Solomon Codes and Their Applications, IEEE Press, 1994. I used 1 cm instead of frames or number of bits, since it gives a direct relationship with the huge ecc capacity expressed in missng data track length. The length of a bit is around 0.5 microm, so 1

2715:

I think the bottom line is that he didn't invent the CD. "So I came up with the optical process." His optical process is not the CD. This is an article about compact discs, not a process for... whatever it was he came up with. There isn't even any information that goes into detail about his digital

2561:

An audio CD consists of one to 99 stereo tracks stored using 16-bit PCM coding at a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz per channel. Early CDs could hold 74 minutes of stereo sound; 80 minute CDs are now common. A Red Book standard CD can contain up to four channels though it will only have half the playback

6353:

Another query: how can cd discs with surround sound and/or SACD encoding have the same playing time as a normal audio cd? An increasing number of cd's these days have three layers of sound encoding: standard cd stereo, SACD sterep and SACD 5.1 surround sound. The three are all playable if you have

4142:

However, Sony vice-president Norio Ohga, who was responsible for the project, did not agree. "Let us take the music as the basis," he said. He hadn't studied at the Conservatory in Berlin for nothing. Ohga had fond memories of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony ('Alle Menschen werden Brüder'). That had to

3685:

As he mentioned, he did not work on CD, but James T. Russell is the one to be included in article of CD herein Knowledge in historical course of development of Optical Recording before CD or idea of CD. Sony and might be Philips purchased licenses, or at least they knew Russell's idea. The MIT web

3440:

The central large spot is detecting data 1 or 0. Two small spots aside is also reflect from pit and land, and changes reflection value as seen two pink colored vertical bar changes its height. There are three methods of track deviation detect system, (1) Three beam system, (2) Push-pull system and

3334:

It is clear that we both agree that Nakajima was in charge of Sony’s CD development. I have read his IEEE interview. I quote his statement ’’Because I don't speak English very much, I tended to take a back seat, listen very carefully to what was going on, and just let the experts on each different

2551:

A Compact Disc or CD is an optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio. The CD, available on the market since late 1982, remains the standard playback medium for commercial audio recordings to the present day, though it has lost ground in recent years to

2175:

out the bloody window! For the love of God, please John - get some distance from this article, and a little perspective can't hurt either - the notion that you're being persecuted for your valiant contributions gets beyond the point of ridicule after a while. Really, I know I'm stepping into the

6379:

CD-ROM has an additional layer of error correction. Every 2352-byte sector contains only 2048 bytes of data. Also, you're calculating kilobytes from kilobits wrong. A kilobit is 1000 bits. A kilobyte is 1024 bytes (unambiguously "kibibytes"). CD audio is 10.09 megabytes per minute (not 10.58). An

4878:

All other professionally edited reference works use lowercase compact disc or compact disk (see compromise proposal below) to mean the physical item instead of the trademark. According to one of its core policies, Knowledge should follow common usage in reliable sources like other reference works

4304:

Does anybody know what "tightly packed" means here? Some people use the word "packed" to mean 'compressed' but that's probably not the case here. I think the problem answers itself if there are actually two spirals, one of them being 'thicker' than the other, and one starts at a period of time

4212:

At various points in the article there are references to track pitch of 1.6 micrometers (and other physical properties), which I think should be referenced to IEC 60908 (specifications for audio CDs), and ISO/IEC 10149 (for data CDs/CD-ROMs). More importantly, which is why I comment, it should be

4176:

I think that makes it pretty clear that it's purely coincidental that 4 people closely associated with the project liked Beethoven's 9th. Especially considering that Furtwängler's recording of the 9th couldn't actually fit on the final format anyway, because of the U-Matic video recorder issue. I

3466:

The pit depth for, off-track deviation, tracking however, it is told that best value is 1/8 of wavelength of 503.2nm with push-pull system which is 62.9nm depth. In reality, pit depth, of CD generally produced and on the market, is 110nm in depth used as compromised value between theoretical the

2243:

is not a strictly personal issue - it has ramifications that affect the entire project. If you cannot deal with me commenting on the outright lunacy that has taken place on this article - and I'm not saying that you're the only "offender" here - then perhaps your efforts would better be invested

6333:

Okay, we all know that the standard audio cd has a maximum playing time of either 74 minutes or slightly above 80 minutes. And those limits correspond to 650 MB and 700 MB of data respectively. With overburn (on the home pc) or slightly packed engraving (at the plant) the 80 minutes limit can be

2889:

A slight bit of an old thread here, but I'm surprised no one looking at this page never encountered CDs over 80 minutes. I actually have a few, including one that gets to 82:27, and never had any issues playing them in either my computer or a portable Sony player. The founder of the record label

2731:

The same procedure as every year: everytime an American sees an invention, he must make the world believe it's genuine American. In fact, the list of American inventions is a very short one compared to the European list. I have seen articles claiming cars, photography, electric generators, steam

626:

Please check the move log for this page, you will be horrified how often this debate has been held. Compact Disc is a trademarked name (no cite is needed for this patently obvious fact) and as such should be regarded as a product name, thus be capitalised. So let's leave it as it is, because I'm

4494:

The history section needs more researchers and their successes described so that the various parallel pathways can be understood, and Russell placed in perspective. Certainly, Russell was preceded by investigators who thought about optical sound playback; there was the horribly unsuccessful RCA

4347:

It is well known that a CD disc is read by red laser light. The laser makes it possible to store massive amounts of data needed for digital audio and video. Russell's invention as disclosed in his patent US 3,501,586 does not use a laser for reading, see Figure 2 of the patent description. As a

3078:

The maximum correctable burst error in a CD audio is around 1 cm. All burst errors shorter than 1 cm can therefore be corrected and cannot be heard. It is therfore extremely unlikely that CD rot will result in audible clicks. It is much more likely that the CDs cannot be played because of servo

1303:

It hasn't been resolved at all. Those like me who are unconvinced that it should be treated as a trademark & are in favour of lower case 'disc' (perhaps a majority) have simply given up; as I said, some people are more stubborn than others, as further evinced by the Edokter's closing of the

6415:

CD was released in the SHM-CD format in Japan, and in a standard, less costly CD format in the USA. Shouldn't there be an additional paragaph regarding the SHM-CD? Also, I wonder if the technology can be applied to movie discs as well, and if there will be SHM-DVDs or SHM-Blu-rays in the near

6297:

I've recently been trying to figure out how one may go about recycling CDs, and have been really struggling to find information. The presence of various "green" websites for recycling CDs (they reqiure the discs to be mailed, obviously) suggests that one cannot simply toss them into the common

5982:

While CD may be more common, it is not adequate as a title. DVD and HDMI are marekted as such, but CDs were originally marketed as 'Compact disc', and remains to this day, the 'official' name of the medium, as the logo shows. Acronyms should be avoided whereever a widely recognized alternative

3094:

I know this isn't usable in the article as it falls under the heading of "original research", but I can definitely tell you that it's possible for a CD to deteriorate (or "rot" if you will) to the point that the disc is playable but with clearly audible artifacts, some even somewhat similar to

2557:

The technology was later adapted and expanded to include data storage (CD-R), reWritable media (CD-RW), SACD, VCD, SVCD, PhotoCD, PictureCD, CD-i, Enhanced CD, and CD-ROM. CD-ROMs and CD-Rs remain widely used technologies in the computer industry as of 2007. The CD and its extensions have been

1524:

I have a comment to make. We still have a bunch of free-floating images which do not correspond to anything the article discusses. Which not only represents an infraction of the use of non-free content, but also represents a partial revert on your part. As you've gone over 3RR on this issue

3888:

Ah, I found it (I'm a software tester so...). If you type lowercase "cd" and click GO it will take you to the dambig page. If you use uppercase "CD" it will redirect appropriately. Sorry for the confusion, the wikilink obviously redirects correctly and that's what the tag is for so, leave it.

729:(in the case of word or letter marks) or otherwise indicating the description of the mark (in the case of marks in the form of a symbol or device or other nontextual form). Every effort should be made to prevent their use in any manner which might adversely affect their validity as trademarks. 599:(in the case of word or letter marks) or otherwise indicating the description of the mark (in the case of marks in the form of a symbol or device or other nontextual form). Every effort should be made to prevent their use in any manner which might adversely affect their validity as trademarks. 542:

One editor (ProhibitOnions) has taken it upon themselves, apparently, to lord over this article, and in particular to insist on moving it to its present name (Compact Disc). I challenge this; there is nothing currently cited in the article, so far as I can tell, that shows that this name is a

4274:

CD data are stored as a series of tiny indentations known as “pits”, encoded in a tightly packed spiral track molded into the top of the polycarbonate layer. The areas between pits are known as “lands”. Each pit is approximately 100 nm deep by 500 nm wide, and varies from 850 nm to 3.5 µm in

3742:

The only site supporting Russell’s claims as ‘the CD inventor' seems to be the MIT site plus of course lots of copycat sites. I believe we need much more supportive data for such a significant claim than the one by the MIT site. In conclusion: Russell has nothing to do with the compact disc

1554:

revision to the document to (a) remove its bias toward audio CD and (b) make it much more complete and authoritative, as is clearly evident from the changes I've already made. The remaining array of logos is a placeholder for other subsections as the work progresses. The need for keeping the

2528:

After reviewing the lead, I'd say not to remove audio CDs from it, but rather to mention earlier on that CDs are also used for data storage as well. It's arguable that most folks tend to think of CDs as music discs exclusively, so perhaps just a sentence dispelling this would be sufficient.

4234:

At the least, the main article could list the most common controllers designed to abide by the Red Book standard, and then we would have an inkling where to take our research from there. I just read the main article, and remain confused as to how controllers determine where to focus the

760:

It's hard to say just what that means without knowing the context. Does this refer simply to an application for a patent, or to usage of a trademarked name in general? And who is being addressed here, the patentee, or anyone who uses the trademarked term in writing? Need more information.

100:

Please tell us why you think this section should be here in the first place. Most of these logos are practically identical except for their text; the section is badly formatted and results in an over-wide page; and in general, I don't see what useful information it adds to the article.

3858:

Hey, I'm sorry. When I did a search on "CD" I got the dambig page. As I look now I see the redir was put on the CD page back in March so I have no idea what is going on. I changed this based on the fact that I did not get redirected when I searched for CD, other than that I'm sorry.

349:

8. Significance. Non-free content is used only if its presence would significantly increase readers' understanding of the topic, and its omission would be detrimental to that understanding. Non-free media files are not used if they can be replaced by text that serves a similar

2974:

First off this is loaded with POV ("we succumbed to the ...convenience"?). Second, this is an article about a format, not the contents of the format. Third it looks like it should go in a digital audio article. The complaints weren't about CD's per say, they were about the

6357:

It looks to me like a nice wiki challenge to throw some light on this - the questions are kind of self-evident (even if it took me years of burning cd's before I actually counted out the needed data amount and saw the contradiction) and neither this article nor the one on

1584:

Non-free content is not for the purpose of creating placeholders. Nor can you justify their use in an article purely so that they don't get deleted. If they get deleted before content for which they can be used is created, that is no tragedy; once the content is there,

1175:

question of it being a name is an interesting possibility, but the fact that most dictionaries do not capitalize it suggests otherwise. You're also welcome to point out WHERE this issue has been discussed before, I don't accept assertions or blind appeals to authority.

3305:'s suit in 2001-2005, Nakajima is listed or not on the patent as inventor is different system from that of EU & US. Knowledge Japanese edition call Nakajima as "father of CD" and I guess he is eligible to put his name on CD article here. He is also auther of book, 2638:

I'm new to the concept of editing a wiki entry, but I noticed a problem with this article. Some might classify this as a glaring omission or a downright fallacy of this portion of the article, but the compact disc was invented by James T. Russell back in the late 60's.

4095:

I just removed the newly-added "Phase out" section which was only supported by one reference: an announcement of non-moving recording media. No reference was given to support the written text which consisted of speculation about the schedule of CD hardware phase outs.

5383:

Your first move proposal was already rejected, and there has also been a substantial debate about the capitalisation, which resulted in the current title. In the end, it was decided to stick with the trademarked name because of all the possible variations out there.

2547:

Looking at it and WP:LEAD I think the paragraph that starts "An audio CD consists..." can be moved to the bottom of the lead and the paragraph that starts "The technology was later adapted..." expanded to include the other formats. How does that sound? Like so...

2170:

is how I get to see Knowledge after a loooooong hiatus? So, funny story, I walk into the Compact Disc article - where, incidentally, nobody can agree on the capitalisation - and find out other editors are no longer welcome there because somebody decided he'd throw

2337:

If you have a mono recording, you could double the playing time of a CD by recording half the sound on the left track and half on the right. The sound would be recorded as two monaural files, and then merged into a single stereo file with a sound editor like Cool

3743:(videodisc) technology, and his name should therefore be omitted in the compact disc article. It could be a good idea to start a new article on the history of optical recording in general, and clearly Russell’s early contributions to the art should be mentioned. 211:

Jnavas, please start a new page of official CD logos if you want them shown somewhere. I don't think they are appropriate within the body of this article. They take up too much space relative to their importance. Make a new page and link to it from this article.

5511:

the way people use and spell words. Even though English does not have an official source of language (unlike say the Academie Francaise), dictionaries prescribe usage. Your sole argument is the usage found in dictionaries, which is highly unconvincing since it

3232:

The last paragraph of the introduction reads: A standard audio CD consists of from one to 99 stereo tracks stored using 16-bit PCM coding at a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz per channel. Early CDs could hold 74 minutes of stereo sound; 80 minute CDs are now common.

1550:"have a bunch of free-floating images which do not correspond to anything the article discusses" and there is no revert (the pot trying to call the kettle black, and I don't take kindly to such threats). What we actually have, what I am doing, is a substantial 694:

I say that, unless someone can show a compelling reason why the name must be written "Compact Disc" throughout, we change it to use the conventional spelling (uncapitalized unless at the beginning of a sentence). So far, nobody has made such a compelling case.

3150:

early generation players, which do not actually conceal these errors. The newer players have far more intelligent logic to hide these errors, but we are talking about the original red book standards, which does not take this modern login into consideration.

4117:

The partners aimed at a playing time of 60 minutes with a disc diameter of 100 mm (Sony) or 115 mm (Philips).10 Von Karajan suggested extending the capacity to 74 minutes to accommodate a performance of Beethoven’s 9th Symphony at the Bayreuth Festival.11

118:, clearly the kind of reference that belongs in a comprehensive encyclopedia. I'm restoring them. Per your comment, I'm narrowing it by one column. If you have any other formatting suggestions, please let me know. In the future, please have the courtesy to 5909:

already redirects here, so functionally there's no difference other than comply with our naming conventions (use the most common name). I believe US/EU/etc. fall under another naming convention because of the articles representing a state/nation/country.

4229:

is currently sitting? If a track pitch is 1.6 micrometers, is there such a thing as "non-track" spacing? How does a controller tell when it is "on track" as opposed to "off track" ? The main article only raises questions, and does not answer them.

2302:

Hi, don't monaural CDs also exist? I mean mono, not stereo. I distinctly remember reading about it in my university library. (FYI it was a Korean book that dealt with everything about CDs from the physical transport to the CRC checksum algorithms.)

3475:

the track. For more accurate tracking control, E=F reflection value indicates tracking is on correct position and differential value of E & F indicates deviation from track with much larger value than deviation detected by A though D diodes.

3399:(780/1.55=503.2). In order detect binary data by reflection, no phase shift and 180 degree phase shift is best to discriminate binary 1 or 0. 180 degree phase shift is achieved by pit depth 1/4 of wavelength of 503.2nm, which is 125.8nm pit depth. 676:

I looked throughout Philips' website (especially the section regarding trademarks and intellectual property) and they don't use anything but "CD" or "COMPACT DISC" to denote a compact disc. They sidestep the question by capitalizing every letter.

4976:

Exactly, "compact disk" and "compact disc" are the generic US and UK terms, exactly like "aspirin", and professionally edited sources like reference works and even newspapers rarely or never use the uppercase spelling unless referring to the

5157:

You may be right that the situation has changed (see my new proposal below), but I'm pretty sure that "compact disk" is still very common in the US because otherwise the (often and easily updated) online versions of the major US dictionaries

3180:

Yes, the equipment I use to play CDs is older-school stuff. And I agree that we should discuss this problem (in the article) in terms of "artifacts" rather than "noise", although it would be fair to point out that the result to the listener

3419:, too far or too close to CD surface is adapted by moving objective lens according to correct focus detected by photo sensor. The remaining axis of 3D is deviation from correct position on the track where binary data is represented by pit. 2383:

Let's think about a gapless monaural album with track lenths of 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, with total playtime going up to above 90 minutes. How would you burn that onto a single stereo disc while preserving track lengths?

6337:

CD audio/wav sound is typically 1411 kbit/sec (bits, not bytes). So the data content for one minute is 1411/8*60 kilobyte = ca 10.58 MB/minute. 80*10.58 MB would be not 700 but about 846.4 MB! Now, I know that cd tracks are not computer

3873:

Did you hit 'go' or did you hit 'search'? The former will give the redirect, the latter gives a normal search page -- this is the nature of the search engine (and in fact, I believe the behavior when hitting enter can be changed too).

358:

It's hard to see how an argument could successfully be made that these logos "significantly increase readers' understanding of the topic, and omission would be detrimental to that understanding". So I think it blatantly violate this

3842:

clearly redirects to here. Please stop removing the template, or go actually change the disambig page to it (which will probably require an admin to do, if they even agree.) I can't even believe there needs to be an edit war here.

3356:

article section, more to have suitable picture(s) hopefully moving gif file to illustrate and demonstration of wave reflection and tracking beam detection system within Knowledge rather than refer to many external links. Thank you.

497:

Since a Logos section seems to be so inflammatory to a few, I'm revising it into a Logical Formats section, in which the audio CD material will become a subsection. Each format will of course be identified by its appropriate logo.

5213:

familiar or is more common in raw Google searches means nothing. Ignoring the kind of information presented by an extremely reliable source like American Heritage and replacing it with what we feel is more common would be simply

3236:

The last sentence is already said in the same intro. The first sentence is too detailed for an introduction. So better delete these two sentences. As a result, the intro is less redundant and more readable for larger readership.

2657:

Forgive me for being a bit sceptical on the story... but James T. Russell turns up very few hits, and the few that do come up, feature the very same text as the page you link to. We need more references if this is actually true.

4805:

The sources show that the uppercase spelling "Compact Disc" with a C at the end is simply wrong for an article that is dealing with the compact disk in general instead of only the trademarked brand. In addition, a short look at

3207:

Good point. I'm not only an amateur producer but a professional programmer and I can get a little technical at times. Stick with the more common phrases until we need to be technical, that way the article is more accessible.

5474:

prescribe it. Knowledge aspires to the same goal, and usually succeeds better in it than Knowledge because it's a less popular project and its editors know more about language and are less influenced by usage in ads and the

2456:

standard only allows two or four channels; not one. Almost all implementations of monaural audio on CD are offered as two identical audio streams laid down on both the left and right channels and played back simultaneously.

658:

Until such cite is forthcoming (and nobody has shown me that I missed it in the article), I challenge this and the capitalization of the term. If it is "patently obvious", as you say, then it should be a piece of cake for

1024:

And reverted. The terms is clearly a trademark, even if it is often used generically. Even though it is ubiquitous, it is a proprietary standard, with a trademark and logo use governed by compliance to the Red Book.

186:

disc standards, or are you simply rushing to judgment? Why have you summarily deleted the section again without meaningful discussion? I've restored the section again pending a full justification of your rationale. --

4147:

I'm not sure that the Beethoven association is encyclopedic content. Why did the Phillips source disappear? Furthermore, in 1998, issue 46 of the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society was published. This included

4948:, I have never seen the spelling with a K used. Compact Disc is by far the most widely used and known term for the format and the one used by every company that actually uses the format. At most "Compact Disc" is a 3113:

I am not sure what 'better' means in this context. Max error burst length means just what it says: it is the maximum burst of errors that the circ can cope with. Longer bursts may cause clicks. See the book chapter

2072:

when the former company went bust because of a scandal regarding alleged demonstration rigging. If I'm reading the article correctly, D Data intends to re-release whatever they can salvage from that last effort as

4159:

Considering Immink's involvement in the development of the CD, that completely disproves the purported Beethoven association. Additionally, a still functional citation for the Beethoven association is citation 10,

4155:

larger'. As it was, we made CD 0.5 cm larger yielding 12 cm. (There were all sorts of stories about it having something to do with the length of Beethoven's 9th Symphony and so on, but you should not believe them.)

3650:

The Russell text has been tagged ‘intangible’ and challenged since the moment it was added by an anonymous contributor. So unless somebody comes up with verifiable data, Russell's so-called contributions should be

3903:

Yeah, WP differentiates between the upper and lower case (outside the first letter), so 'Cd' or 'cd' (which are the same) is NOT the same as 'CD'. I changed the target so the confusion won't happen in the future.

2201:. Personal comments should only be made on User Talk pages. (I've accordingly deleted the personal comment from my prior response above.) Do you have anything substantive and relevant to add to this issue on the 464:

deletion, I'm restoring it (again) until discussion has run its course (at least). Unless and until you provide a rationale for immediate deletion, please be good enough to leave it alone until then. Thank you.

1787:

This is a huge waste of our time. Knowledge would be much better served by creating appropriate content, instead of cavalierly making life harder for those trying to create such content. Why not at least offer

5330:

Our friends over at Wiktionary are already much more professional in basing their decisions on reliable sources instead of industry demands, personal opinions, or raw Google searches, and Wiktionary uses only

311:

3. (a) Minimal number of uses. As few non-free content uses as possible are included in each article and in Knowledge as a whole. Multiple items are not used if one will suffice; one is used only if necessary.

4067:

To further expand on why I feel it should be changed to MiB, there are links to the "MB" page which gives a different definition to what is actually meant in this instance (MiB). This leads to confusion.

5478:

If you and others want to be taken seriously, you're going to have to provide reliable secondary sources for your apparent claim that common usage is not what is described in major US and UK dictionaries.

4774:

While "compact disk" may seem common spelling, "Compact Disc" is no less common. So I am not convinced by the sourced provided. Any orher spelling already redirects here, so there should be no confusion.

3646:

was not verified. For example, where can his literature and concepts be found, and where are the descriptions of his prototypes? Books, articles etc. How did Russell guide the optical digital revolution?

5414:

That's not a good argument when as shown above all major UK and US reference works use the lowercase spelling "compact disc". We can list the other variants in the article's first line as shown above. --

2692:

Russell seems to acknowledge the fact that the technology could have been invented by two people in different places at the same time, but the bottom line is that his patent was the first on the books.

2140:

I disagree, and object to any precipitous action. I've invested a great deal of time and effort in responding to all substantive objections, and ensuring compliance with Knowledge Guidelines (including

1446:

The logos that apply to these different formats should be included with these formats for informational and identification purposes. (The minor but heated controversy over these logos reflects the same

3042:

controversy. It's not like digital music on an iPod is any better worse or indifferent than that same music on a CD. This article is about the formatand medium of CD's. Content is discussed elsewhere.

5955:

examples, they can generally be considered opaque—if they had more vowels, people would simply pronounce them in the same way as LASER, RADAR, NATO and they would likely become words by themselves. —

2938:, to mention one, clocks in at about 80:20. But I regularly overburn up to around 81 minutes when I compile music cd's with Nero and I've never had any trouble in running them on the audio cd player. 1953:

I didn't think so, but wanted to be sure, and give you the courtesy of a chance to make your feelings known in advance before undoing the change (even though you haven't shown me that same courtesy).

5768:

Generally abbreviations are not preferred. This instance however, is complicated, because the abbreviation ("CD") is more frequently used now that the full expansion ("compact disc")... however,

3735:

I am quite amazed that the MIT web site claims that Russell made the first ‘compact disc’. Strictly speaking this statement is clearly false, as the ‘’Compact Disc’’ is a product specified by the

1323:, but only for 3 years, as the link in the above "archive" points out. This should be simple enough for everyone to understand, and anyone who disagrees is welcome to provide a reliable source. 6157:

Avoid the use of abbreviations, including acronyms, in page naming unless the term you are naming is almost exclusively known only by its abbreviation and is widely known and used in that form.

4456:

laser read out is a distinctive feature of the CD needed to obtain the very high information density. Without laser read out, I think, we do not have a CD. Otherwise we could also claim that a

2490:

I have added a barebones description of monaural sound on CD to the article. Is that what you were looking for? Or did you want a mention of mono on Left then different mono material on Right?

6118:

a compact disc, it's simply referred to as a "CD" -- which is also the abbreviation for a Certificate of Deposit, meaning it would need a dismabiguator. Much simpler to leave it where it is.

1848:, probably resulting in a block, but we didn't. We recogzine that the main problem is your interpretation of the NFCC policy, which, among all other policies, is what we all have to work with. 4052:

I may recall incorrectly, but I believe a CD can actually hold 700MiB (rather than MB) so for sake of consistent terminology, should the term on this article be changed from "MB" to "MiB"?

1860:

I appriciate your enthousiasm, but your knowledge of copyright policy needs work, because that is what's causing the wasting of time here. I think you could defenitely use some coaching at

6058:

Bear in mind that—as stated at the top of the article—the term "certificate of deposit" is US-centric. Prior to this mention above, it was/is not a term that I had come across before. —

725:

Although the use of trademarks having definite meanings is permissible in patent applications, the proprietary nature of the marks should be respected. Trademarks should be identified by

595:

Although the use of trademarks having definite meanings is permissible in patent applications, the proprietary nature of the marks should be respected. Trademarks should be identified by

5951:

is that the people using the abbreviation are generally aware what it is short ("compact disc" is spelt out on every compliant CD and drive as part of the compact disc logo. For the

1784:

I've been consistently polite, and worked hard to find a reasonable outcome, yet have consistently gotten comments that have been overbearing, disparaging, belittling, and unhelpful.

1113:

No, it indicates that a patent has expired. This has been discussed many times. All the named audio formats are capitalized on Knowledge, regardless of patent status or generic use (

2979:

music on the CD. Now that we have digital music players like the iPod people know the difference between the medium and the delivery mechanism. Have you checked out the article on

2555:

Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 mm and can hold at most 80 minutes of audio. There are also 80 mm discs, sometimes used for CD singles, which hold at most 20 minutes of audio.

5901:

Is there something magical or important about two letter acronyms? =) I mean I guess I'm confused about the significance of this article being at the full name (which is not the

4326:

awarded $ 30M from Time Warner for patent violations. Sony and Philips saw the connection, Time Warner's nose had to be rubbed in it. The book I'm using as a reference is 2008's

5668: 4590:

I see your new article and have put it on my watchlist. Too bad it's about optical recording only, or it could have both the old "Magic Brain" playback system and the very new

1204:

Let's try looking at common usage. Can anyone find one use of "Compact Disc" instead of "compact disc" in english-language news media? Here's a link to a New York Times article

6408:

in Japan invented a new type of audio CD: The Super High Material or SHM-CD. This CD (which can be played in any type of CD player), has improved sound over the standard CD.

5257:. This is a clear violation of one of WP's main policies, and we cannot hide behind the preferences, habits, or demands of the CD industry or its lawyers. (UK dictionaries: 3430:

best demonstrate tracking reflective signals and three Photo diodes chip in Photo detect IC . ( Click at center of graph, then click rectangle to start, "<<" or ": -->

2912:

I bought a new release (2008) this week which is the first one I've ever seen - the second disc of a Baden Powell MPS label recordings collection - it clocks in at 81:14.

1710:

to include them. But as we have pointed out several times now, consensus is that it voilates policy. Therefor the images that do not relate to any article content must go.

2858:

80 minutes is already "creeping to far". The minimun track width gap for CD lasers has already been reached, so any more incurs too much chance of failure to play the CD.

5197:

It seems that "compact disc" vs. "compact disk" is a UK / US difference, and we may need to find a compromise like for aeroplane/airplane. In any case, we cannot ignore

5101:

Raw Google searches are usually useless and in any case usually worth nothing compared to the databases of quotations from reliable sources maintained by dictionaries.--

3426:

503.2nm in Polycarbonate is applied to detect deviation from track and reflected beam light detected by photo sensor corrects track deviation by feedback. The web site

2268: 4281:

At least one citation ought to be in order here. Who came up with the idea of a spiral track? Why did they reject the idea of a concentric track? How does a typical

5249:

We also cannot simply ignore the fact that Knowledge is apparently the only major reference source that currently uses the uppercase spelling "Compact Disc" and that

400: 6447:

I think this is a pure marketing; The CD is digital, and it's sound cannot be improved by a mere change of materials. These claims fall under the same category as

5772:

is quite a short abbreviation and at some point it really is better to spell things out in full. If kept with the full expansion, it should probably be moved to

2589:

Nothing pops out on a quick read. (I took the liberty of removing excess line breaks.) This looks like it can easily be tweaked into a much better introduction. +

2558:

extremely successful: in 2004, the worldwide sales of CD audio, CD-ROM, and CD-R reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide.

1486:

Your comments here, especially your declarations ("I intend to edit the article accordingly", etc.) raise another serious issue: the appearance that you somehow

2100:' aggressive campaign, we now have an article cluttered beyond recognition with images and table code, making it hard to edit. The tables and logos need to go. 5324:

We don't use uppercase for "aspirin" anymore either. The only reference source found online that uses uppercase is FOLDOC - Free Online Dictionary of Computing

936:

I don't believe it entirely fits the definition of genericized. But in any case it is no longer a trademark, and has been in the public domain for 25 years.

2894:

actually claims the limit is 82:30, and that 77:30 is the place where it stops being 'safe' or whatever -- but that their return rate is zero on longer CDs (

2452:

No CD player will play a monaural CD without the user turning the balance knob fully left for half the program and then fully right for the other half. The

367:

I respectfully disagree: The different Compact Disc formats identified by these logos are largely incompatible with each other. (For example, try playing a

5125:

Even in the US it is more common now to use "disc". The only times I have see "disk" is when talking about computers (i.e. "disk drive") or "floppy disk".

1759:. What's happened is that actions were taken by a very few without discussion or warning, which are now trying to be justified after the fact, still with 2959:

and we succumbed to the victory and convenience of the CD. Why has no one mentioned this in the article, and how and where can it be properly discussed?

407: 5041:. In addition to the arguments above, "Disc" is the normal spelling of the word in British and possibly Commonwealth usage (regardless of trademarks). 1816:

Inclusion of the images failes several points of NFCC, which are non-negociable. You simply refuse to recognize those infractions, hence the impression.

1469:

I intend to edit the article accordingly, probably by adding a new Logical Formats section, with subsections for all the different Compact Disc formats

553:

Let's keep the tone neutral, shall we? Chicage manual of style online says don't capitalize. Lower case "compact disc" or upper case "CD" but not both.

3134:

I've got the CD's to prove it) the song will simply skip that part and start later(at best) or won't play at all (at worst). It will not make a click.

4268:

The main article could be improved by adding a paragraph or two on the concept of a "spiral track." The main article contains the following tidbit:

2433:

tag somewhere on the page we can reuse? {{fact}} tags don't mean we need to link to the material but that we should cite where the fact comes from.

2513:

audio. These could be rephrased to speak to the size constraints very easily thus removing the audio bias. Just checking before I get too far in.

5487:

Uppercase "Compact Disc" is a trademark and very widely used in the Internet and in advertising but not in professionally edited reliable sources.--

406:(c) The name of each article in which fair use is claimed for the item, and a separate fair use rationale for each use of the item, as explained at 2052:

I figure I should contribute something else here besides a short rant, so here goes. The two big potential industry players right now seem to be

6439: 4919:

That's not a good argument, especially since it seems that discussion didn't have the info provided above and below in the compromise proposal.--

2472:

OK, then my memory was incorrect, sorry. But my point about the citation still stands; you could mention the page where it's mentioned, right? --

2406:

to the Red Book becuase it isn't online and costs $ 5000. However, everyone knows it is de defacto standard, so that really does not need a ref.

3257:

is not listed as an author of a technical article or as an inventor on a patent. Therefore his name should not be listed as a prominent member.

1075:

couple days, but if you can't provide some solid evidence, I'm going to move it back (that is, if Bkell or someone else doesn't beat me to it).

885:"COMPACT DISC" is a trademark, "Serial Number 73281719" filed in "October 14, 1980" owned by "N.V. PHILIPS' GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN CORPORATION". 543:

registered trademark, and that this is the correct name for the thing. (If I'm wrong, please point it out.) The name should be "compact disc". +

3098:

I assume that some reliable source confirming this is probably lurking around out there somewhere, so it's just a matter of tracking it down. +

1247: 817: 534: 1207:

that uses the uncapitalized form, which I cite in an appeal to the ridiculous attention to detail of the copy-editors at the New York Times.

3670: 5484:

Lowercase "compact disc" is the most common usage worldwide in reliable secondary sources, but "compact disk" is also very common in the US.

4214: 4152:, which was written by Kees A. Schouhamer Immink. It reads, near the end of page 2 onto page 3 under the header "deciding the parameters", 3999: 3024: 2919: 2733: 1214: 5274: 4757:

This is why we buy compact disks in computer stores but get the same storage devices with different data as compact discs in music stores.

3470:

The pit depth 110nm is 1/4.57 of 503.2nm wavelength and the vale is between 1/4 and 1/8 as best compromised for tracking system. The book

1507:

has no place here. Do you have a substantive comment, any real disagreement with I've written, or are you just attacking me personally? --

6342:, strictly speaking, but the sizes of a wav file and the corresponding track of a music cd with the same recording are exactly the same. 6334:

pushed up like two or three extra minutes. However, as soon as you start counting it looks strange, which struck me only thsi evening...

2092:

This has been brought up may times, and I have laid low for a while, but regardless of policy, all the CD logos are still here, breaking

2001:

I haven't said, much less thought, "everyone" is out to get me. I'm familiar with freedom to edit. Please stop putting words in my mouth

1229:

So after all this time why does the title still have the capital 'Disc'? (Because, methinks, some people are more stubborn than others.)

399:(b) A copyright tag that indicates which Knowledge policy provision is claimed to permit the use. For a list of image copyright tags see 6431: 6423: 6131: 5521: 5437: 5003: 4617: 4306: 4290: 4241: 4075: 4053: 3817: 2037: 279: 1975:. Anyone can change the article, and they don't need approval upfront, especially not on uncontroversial edits like cosmetic changes. 1913:

Why were the thumb attributes removed from the logos, which thus wiped out the borders and captions? What is the authority? Thanks. --

1702:

problem we have is the images. Otherwise, I think you actually have a good point about Compact Disc not being an Audio CD, actually I

5059:

Lowercase "compact disc", yes, but not uppercase "Compact Disc", which is not recorded in any British or Commonwealth dictionaries.--

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It can be argued that one or a few of these logos would suffice, and that including all of them is not only unnecessary but overkill.

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Just though they looked less cluttered; they captions are still in the hints. And like any other editor, I don't have 'authority'.

250:, and use of such images should be limited to a minimum anyway. No doubt the "overeager wikicops" had every reason to delete them. 4285:

navigate from one point in the spiral track to another? (There are probably lots of ways to do this, but is it specified in the

5919: 5819: 5753: 5701: 5634: 6301:

My point is, a section on recycling CDs may be a good idea, particularly if any other editors have information on the subject.

4136:, but the URLs are all defunct. Is there a cache of the cited page? The best record I've found of what the page used to be is a 3585: 856:

Has the capitalization of the title of this article this been resolved? All that the discussion above seems to indicate is that

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There is only one "trademarked brand"; I haven't seen any other "brand" type of compact disc. They both mean one and the same.

5201:

like the following in American Heritage since it's based on a database with huge amounts of citations from reputable sources:

1503:

I could say the same about you (for your immediate deletions without prior discussion, the pot calling the kettle black), but

5317:. The few professionally edited and published reference works that also have the uppercase entry "Compact Disc" explain that 5294: 5163: 3774: 3457: 3313: 3039: 3004: 1823:

be a hint that consensus is against you. And there was plenty of substansive discussion, but you keep ignoring our arguments.

3644:

Russell's concepts, patents, prototypes, and literature instigated and in some measure guided the optical digital revolution

282:

that I believe these logos violate, which is why I'm removing them, again (numbers are item numbers from that policy page):

2562:

time. Monaural audio has no existing standard on a CD; it is usually presented as two identical channels on a stereo track.

2176:

middle of a huge firestorm here, but I think how you reply to this comment will make your intent known. Speak carefully.

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a sign of validity, and it's sourced. If you have a source that observes the money to be of no importance, bring that in.

1837:

part of dispute resolution. There are other ways too, but they are way less pleasant and only to be used as a last resort.

1294:

Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

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player.) It would be good to expand this article and companion articles to further identify and explain these formats. --

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optical discs. Philips developed a similar technology from the same idea, that doesn't mean the end product is the same.

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Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

5594:

Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

5571:

Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

4690:

Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

4122:

Citation 11 is: Philips. "Beethoven's Ninth Symphony of greater importance than technology" Retrieved on 2007-02-09.

6509: 4023: 3190: 3103: 2619: 2594: 2534: 2065: 1698:. You have been told by several editors that the images under 'Other formats' fails NFCC. This is not negociable. The 1458:

page and pages, with a summary and link on the Compact Disc page. Thus the bulk of audio CD material should be on the

66: 4260:

A nice addition would be a section on the longevity of CDs. There is a lot of conflicting information on this topic.

6093:. Compact Disc, on the other hand, is both commonly used, readily identifiably, and- most importantly- unambiguous. 2319: 6488: 6270: 5084: 5046: 2614:

I Wuz Bold and replaced the lead with a slightly revised version of what you wrote above. Hope everyone likes it. +

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Sony and Phillips even ended up paying royalties to Battelle (Russell's company) following infringement lawsuits.

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understand the technical purposes of the different logos (and still haven't had the courtesy to acknowledge that).

1826:

Irrelevant. Understanding the technical purpose for the images has nothing to do with with weather the logos are

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a trademark and a brand of compact disk, so the general term / object that this article is about should be / is

6098: 3416: 3317: 2923: 393: 4639:"although independent and DIY music sales may be tracking better according to figures released March 30, 2009. 4218: 4003: 3777:)) describing various historical inventions and experiments by naming many people and/or organization such as 3028: 2737: 1328: 1218: 881: 392:(a) Attribution of the source of the material, and of the copyright holder if different from the source. See: 4621: 4327: 4079: 4057: 4026:" was released on CD in Japan in October 1982 and it's one of the first 50 albums to be released on CD. Link: 3821: 3781:

tried to record digitized audio on mag. tape, but none of story about Russell on the book. I agree with you,

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Does anyone know what the earliest pop albums to be released on CD were? This is prompted by a fan site on

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even without my expansion, as I've explained in detail above. If you disagree, please have the courtesy to

1525:

already, and have been alerted to that fact, would you like to correct yourself and remove the gallery? --

6013: 5715: 4716:, the Random House and American Heritage dictionaries show that most reputable sources consider lowercase 3937: 3186: 3099: 2964: 2758:

Whats is the longest release on a single CD (album), as I know that 80 minutes is not strictly the limit.

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specifications (data recording formats, including a multitude of largely incompatible formats defined in "

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Your assessment is completely correct, and I have print sources reflecting this. Let me track them down.

1337:

It does not matter is a trademark has expired or was abandoned; we should still treat it as a trademark.

880:

Dictionaries aren't conclusive at all. A search by the US Patent and Trademark office should be though.

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redirects to this article. It might as well be at that name with the usual hatnote directing readers to

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to them as compact discs. These tendencies soon became established practice in the different industries.

5080: 5042: 4949: 4910: 4642: 4599: 4506: 4430: 4372: 4337: 4101: 4035: 3971: 3795: 3718: 3695: 3608: 3566: 3363: 3325: 3060: 2698: 2689: 2647: 2495: 2462: 1205: 911: 718: 586: 335:. Including only a few of these logos would be (a) not encyclopedic and (b) confusing and misleading. -- 6188:

While I think Compact Disc is the more common meaning, "Certificate of Deposit" is used widely enough.

5861:. Each of these is normally spelt out using the names of the two letters (rather than the sound as in 1180: 1080: 941: 897: 449:

Therefore I'm removing them until the one editor who's all intent on including them can explain this. +

5649:

Feel free to state your position on the renaming proposal by beginning a new line in this section with

2402:

Will you please stop adding a fact tag? The Red Book states that stereo is the default mode. We can't

6419: 6369: 6305: 5915: 5911: 5902: 5815: 5811: 5749: 5745: 5697: 5693: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5262: 5079:"Compact Disk" has around 2 million Google hits. "Compact Disc" has over 17 million. Case closed. 4572:

with a history timeline, and transferred all Russell data to it. I hope you like it, and please add.

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Before the Netherlands switched to Euros, the Dutch currency had the smallest coin in the world: the

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best value of 1/4 data of 125.8nm for 1 or 0 data and 1/8 of 62.9nm for tracking feedback mechanism.

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The repeated deletion of the Logos section is needlessly hasty, inappropriate, and inconsistent with

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later from the other. How is the angle of descent determined? Does the angle change with time?

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add the images so they have context. We can't read your mind however; otherwise I'd be glad to help.

90:

alone while I work to get the images restored that were deleted by overeager wikicops. Thank you. --

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exist and with slightly different connotations (and this article is not primarily about audio CDs:

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problems, skipping etc. So unless someone offers tangible evidence the sound clicking is unproven.

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with you on that. You are the only one that wants the images included, therefor you must build the

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I do not agree with you. Probably Philips and Sony paid $ 30M (peanuts for them if you earn : -->

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board of director (常務取締役） and at the same time Mfg of Sony Tech lab (from start at Sony in 1971),

1796:, if not contribute to the article yourself (now there's a thought), instead of just tearing down? 1176: 1076: 937: 893: 6196: 6085: 5604: 5133: 4964: 4713: 3923: 3894: 3864: 3748: 3706: 3656: 3623: 3340: 3262: 3242: 3213: 3139: 3012: 2992: 2783: 2572: 2518: 2478: 2438: 2390: 2359: 2328: 2309: 1615: 1526: 1309: 1234: 5298: 4811: 3679:

but eventually, Sony and other audio companies realized the implications and purchased licenses.

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Are you just trying to annoy me? Can't you think of some more constructive contribution to make?

719:

608.01(v) Trademarks and Names Used in Trade (R-2) - 600 Parts, Form, and Content of Application

587:

608.01(v) Trademarks and Names Used in Trade (R-2) - 600 Parts, Form, and Content of Application

5829:"DVD" has three letters. "HDMI" has four letters. The closest examples I can think of are as 4289:? Did any manufacturers reject the idea of a spiral track, and go with concentric tracks? 1956:

I prefer them with borders and captions, like the other images on that page, as I created them.

6497: 6463: 6350:. No audio cd, whether it's bought or burnt, shows that amount of data capacity by its specs. 6176: 5997: 5874: 5684:

per my reasons given. Also note that similar technology articles exist at their acronym name:

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noted that ISO/IEC 10149 is equivalent to EMCA-130, the latter of which is avaiable for free.

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Note that the contributions to videodisc technology by Gregg are nicely listed in the article

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Finally, how many tracks spiral out from the center? Or is it just one really long track?

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http://www.google.com/products?hl=en&q=Principles+of+Digital+Audio+&um=1&ie=UTF-8

1454:

Each Compact Disc format should have the bulk of its material on a separate page, as per the

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Request addition of description of format for Bootable CDs in the Logical formats section.

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How would that not then be just a "gallery" of images that would be rapidly deleted? In the

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whenever (Oct 1?): the first Album released was Billy Joel (52nd Street) and this was also

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The only magical thing about two letters is that it's quite short. As noted above, it is

5492: 5419: 5373: 5325: 5314: 5310: 5171: 5106: 5064: 5025: 4982: 4924: 4884: 4823: 4764: 4197: 3933: 2939: 2205:? If so, I'll be happy to respond further. For my response to your personal comments, see 2145:). No rationale for the objection has been provided other than another vague reference to 999: 971: 919: 870: 5599:

The result of the proposal was consensus not to move the page, per the discussion below.

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1980: the first commcercial Press (Karajan/Strauss Alpensinfonie) plant in 1980 - plant?

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Various Photo diodes for data and track deviation Detector layout pattern use 6 diodes:

1396:

substantially revised, rewritten, and expanded to include the other Compact Disc formats

1263:

This has been resolved long ago. There is no point in bringing this up again and again.

389:

10. Image description page. The image or media description page contains the following:

6409: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5621:— CD is the most common name, and this is the established convention on Knowledge (see 4807: 4699: 4027: 3302: 2245: 2177: 2146: 2142: 2093: 2078: 1741: 1691: 1652: 140: 5319:

the uppercase spelling is not the general term and only used to refer to the trademark

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shows that only Knowledge uses the spelling "Compact Disc" for the item in general. --

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http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/oral_history/abstracts/nakajimahab.html

6191: 5905:) while the longer acronym articles exist happily at their acronym name. As I noted, 5858: 5854: 5600: 5266: 5128: 4959: 4391: 3919: 3890: 3860: 3687: 3592:

http://www.ip.philips.com/download_attachment/164/sl00332LeafletCDcalibrationDisc.pdf

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http://benz.nchu.edu.tw/~imtech/course/ods/Chapter%202%20-%20The%20Compact%20Disc.pdf

3522:

http://www.ip.philips.com/download_attachment/164/sl00332LeafletCDcalibrationDisc.pdf

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Please do not put words in my mouth. I've never even suggested, much less said, that

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Don't move it. We discussed this in March 2008 and the result was what we have now.

1766:

Comments by the very few people objecting to the logos have made it clear that they

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the same to description A-F above except improved and deformed 田 shape four diodes.

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What the dictionaries say is common usage is the basis of my compromise proposal:

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The theoretical pit depth is 1/4 of wave length 503.2nm that is 125.8nm in depth.

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If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the

6258:

October 1 1982: reached the market alongside with a CD-Player from Sony in Japan

6244:(Information not in the Article, Information is from my sources, from german TV) 6160: 6059: 6012:

clearly not the primary use. Ever consider the early and still current use for

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I agree. Please feel free to go ahead and remove them; I'll back you up there. +

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We'll just have to respectfully agree to disagree on that. (And please stop the

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Here is the "compelling case" from the United States Patent and Trademark Office

608: 584:

Here is the "compelling case" from the United States Patent and Trademark Office

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If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the

6298:

recycling bins that are about in many residential areas in the U.S. nowadays.

5869:); all of these direct to the full name, despite the nominal abbreviated use. 3543: 6448: 5488: 5415: 5369: 5302: 5286: 5167: 5159: 5102: 5060: 5021: 4978: 4920: 4880: 4819: 4815: 4760: 4744: 4457: 4282: 4193: 4019: 3496:

Twelve diodes, but logically 6 with E & F improved by four each implement.

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Summary of History written in Japanese and summaries from other sources are:

2002: 1891: 1504: 995: 967: 915: 866: 143:. Plus they all look pretty much the same. So I'm sorry, but they have to go. 5507:

usage, otherwise you'd find alot of slang meanings in them, if they actually

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now no longer exists on Phillips' website. Searching for "Beethoven" returns

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Inventor of the Week: James T. Russell

2640: 1840:

So have we. Please realise that we are trying to work with you here. Someone

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I can't help myself - this timeline looks weird and not very convincing --

6249:

August 1982: some undefined Press is ready to "to begin in the new factory"

3713:

is also relating not all but about another story of CD and optical means.--

2732:

pumps and so on are American inventions. Sheer propaganda. End of story. --

3762:(Japanese book, Author Heitaro Nakajima and Hiroshi Ogawa (図解コンパクトディスク読本（ 3445:(Japanese book, Author Heitaro Nakajima and Hiroshi Ogawa (図解コンパクトディスク読本（ 889:, it was officially "ABANDONED" on "August 31, 1983" and is now "DEAD". 6240: 4286: 3736: 3384: 3038:

Read two lines above your post, please. What you ar talking about is the

2775: 1435: 368: 5534:

Please don't continue to call the capitalized version "trademarked". It

1819:

When there are 'few' editors constantly reverting a single editor, that

5436:

We are not wiktionary, common usage trumps prescribed usage in titles.

4953: 4140:, which I'm guessing is quoting the following from the missing article 6396:

Shouldn't there be a paragraph about the Super High Material (SHM-CD)?

4729: 3686:

site is provide us enough as the source and MIT educate students what

654:

What do you mean, "no cite is needed for this patently obvious fact"?

6080: 4643:

http://indiemusicstop.wordpress.com/2009/04/01/cd-baby-payouts-surge/

4115:

Under 3.1.1, "storage capacity and playing time", the article states

3526: 1408:

specifications (types of optical disc, including pressed, recordable

962:

All right. If I don't hear any objections, I'll move this article to

299:

to keep deleting the section before discussion has run its course. --

5588:

The following discussion is an archived discussion of the proposal.

5885:, is very (relatively) rarely written out, but still redirected. — 5714:. The current name suits just fine, and helps to disambiguate from 5462:

You have been misled by a common misconception about dictionaries.

2835:

I think it probably would as long as it didn't creep too far over.

1971:

Please stop thinking that everyone is out to get you. Like I said,

790:

I respectfully suggest you follow the link to learn the context. --

6412: 6211:

The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal.

5245:

Information about "Compact Disc" vs. "compact disc"/"compact disk"

3786: 3778: 1413: 225:

page they are clearly related to and support the other content. --

5567:

The above discussion is preserved as an archive of the proposal.

1744:

is "optional". What I have done is to explain in detail why it's

5944: 5799: 5689: 5020:

It turns out it's a US/UK difference - see new proposal below.--

2793:

Yeah I know but has a commercial release ever gone beyond this?

1690:(Deindent) John, you still seem to be under the impression that 1409: 627:

growing tired having to resolve all double redirects yet again!

246:

Likewise. The logos serve no usefull purpose. Plus they are all

6261:

March 2 1983: CD-Players were released in USA and other markets

3301:

Science Fundamental lab Mgr since 1968. As you see the case of

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Okay, so does that mean it's no longer a trademark—it's been

139:

They are still a gallery of fair-use images, and as such are

6329:

Storage space vs playing time contradictions? (missing info)

5355:(especially in the United States), usually referred to as a 5255:

US reference works use the lowercase spelling "compact disc"

3594:

CD Calibration Disc, Philips, pit depth is not shown though.

6252:

whenever: the first manufactured CD was ABBA (The Vistiors)

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for those cases where they meant some other form of "CD". —

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for more info and for this explanation that both lowercase

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Here's one link from 1992, where such a disc is mentioned:

567:

the standard capitalization rules apply as you described. +

6228:

as far as I understand the article the timeline looks so:

5806:

already redirects here, and the hatenote links readers to

5334: 5332: 4879:

instead of being written like an ad by using uppercase. --

3598:

http://www.infonet.co.jp/ueyama/ip/hardware/cdrom_drv.html

432:

there. If you think they need improvement, then please be

2353:

This has more to do with pressing rather than burning. --

1304:

section in immediate response to my latecomer's comment.

3007:. This particular controversy is not that hard to find. 2778:

specifications, 80 minutes is the maximum playing time.

1851:

We have given you suggestions: write the content first,

5464:

Modern professionally edited dictionaries specifically

3391:. The ray of wavelength 780nm is changed to 503.2nm by 4684:

The following is a closed discussion of the proposal.

3989: 3532:

http://www.tuat.ac.jp/~katsuaki/STEP/STEP041214OHP.ppt

3437:" changes speed, two arrow on left varies pit depth. 3489:

Sony IC CXA2586M PDIC for CD-RON/DVD-ROM, in English

525:

Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.

420:

I don't see this in the description of these images.

6449:

audio components built by Elves under the moonlight

5671:, please explain your reasons, taking into account 5193:

Information about "compact disc" vs. "compact disk"

4594:of optical restoration of old wiggle-groove discs. 4460:is an early CD because we can optically read them. 4028:

http://groups.msn.com/MakingWaves/theepicyears.msnw

3553:

Introduction to Optoelectronics Optical Storage (2)

3511:The following web site are informative references: 3383:is used to detect this binary data from reflective 3023:backlash among audiophiles and others against cds. 2320:

RECORDINGS VIEW; Playing Variations On Shostakovich

116:

official logos for the various compact disc formats

3677:", and interestingly web site is mentioning that, 3581:http://www.laesieworks.com/digicom/Storage_CD.html 3375:, "1" and "0" is recorded by land and pit on CD. 114:The reason for this section is that these are the 3618:nm (and not 100 nm as mentioned in the article). 3518:the best choice is λ/8n = 65 nm, Physical details 3318:Medals of Honour (Japan)#Medal with Purple Ribbon 2809:No, as it would not play on standard CD players. 966:(no capitalization) in about a week and a half. — 6232:March 8 1979: Philips introduce CD in Netherland 5939:". One significant difference between "CD" and 4616:This section could use a whole lot more data. -- 2432:No, but we can cite it. Is there a <ref: --> 1614:Horse before cart — not the other way around. -- 1559:) while I do the heavy lifting alone. Thanks. -- 6239:April 15 1981: the official CD-Presentation in 401:Knowledge:Image copyright tags/Non-free content 5538:trademarked but is now abandoned as such, and 5225:trademarked but is now abandoned as such, and 3516:http://mediacoder.sourceforge.net/index.php/CD 2898:'s a ref for the above, for what it's worth). 6280:I only made sure, which Salzburg is meant -- 3790:his past activities to put on the article. -- 3690:contributed Optical recording and playback.-- 1643:I respectfully disagree. These logos clearly 1471:(including the appropriate logo in each case) 8: 4650:I feel it is undue to one particular label. 4111:Origins of storage capacity and playing time 3544:http://www.minidisc.org/magneto_md_paper.pdf 3494:AMTEL IC ATR0874, 5. Photo Diode Arrangement 1258:Capitalize trademarks, as with proper names. 828:Capitalize trademarks, as with proper names. 6091:any one of a number of other things as well 5669:polling is not a substitute for discussion 5542:. Saying it "is a trademark" is not true. 5283:"CD is an abbreviation for ‘compact disc’" 5166:wouldn't still list that spelling first.-- 3667:James T. Russell, The Digital Compact Disc 860:the phrase "Compact Disc" is a trademark, 408:Knowledge:Non-free use rationale guideline 3483:Sony PDIC IC CXA2586M, Fig-3, in Japanese 3281:player CDP-101 on sale from Autumn 1982. 3003:You could also contribute to the article 2985:a section dedicated to this point of view 2267:I have requested input from other admins 428:Please look more carefully. These things 5873:goes to a disambiguation page, despite " 5002:spelling with a "c" is the most common. 4162:Shannon, Beethoven, and the Compact Disc 3760:Reader of compact disc with illustration 3472:Reader of compact disc with illustration 3443:Reader of compact disc with illustration 3307:reader of compact disc with illustration 5339:compromise proposal based on above data 3116:Reed-Solomon Codes and the Compact Disc 2368:I dont think so, why do you think so? 2030:DOes anyone know anything about this? 490:engage in discussion and to follow the 6494:Do not edit the contents of this page. 3505:Kodenshi Corp. IC PIC6710, in Japanese 3500:Kodenshi Corp. IC PIC2410, in Japanese 1248:Knowledge:Manual of Style (trademarks) 818:Knowledge:Manual of Style (trademarks) 535:Knowledge:Manual of Style (trademarks) 460:Since no rationale has been given for 51:Do not edit the contents of this page. 3642:source. A sweeping statement such as 3436:and reflection wave "<<" ": --> 2064:also provided a format referenced as 1451:as the Compact Disc article itself.) 852:Is "Compact Disc" really a trademark? 7: 4367:whether they were important or not. 3984:Dubbeltje & Central Spindle Hole 3932:Bleh. Sorry about all that, guys. - 3422:Generally, three circled spots with 3289:(informally headhunting) to Sony as 727:capitalizing each letter of the mark 597:capitalizing each letter of the mark 519:The following discussion is closed. 6163:'s proposal to move the article to 3918:Yep, that got them all. Nice work. 3387:layer through main material of CD, 2987:. Try adding to or expanding that. 1657:substantively discuss it in advance 892:I hope this will settle the issue. 280:Knowledge:Non-free content criteria 5199:extremely well-sourced information 4169:(same quote as the Slashdot post) 3707:James Russell and the Compact Disk 3527:http://www.chipchapin.com/CDMedia/ 3309:(図解コンパクトディスク読本（小川博司との共著、1982年第1版、 2508:Removing "Audio CD" from the lead. 1466:on the general Compact Disc page. 1438:is just as much a Compact Disc as 1319:Indeed - it's not a trademark. It 31: 6016:? We probably also need to move 3758:I have again reviewed, the book, 1755:I do not agree that there is any 6479: 5516:that that is common usage, only 5277:, and Oxford Advanced Learner's 3711:David Gregg and the Optical Disk 3683:This was the first compact disc. 3428:CD control mechanism (CD の制御機構 ) 2934:The 25th anniversary edition of 1761:almost no substantive discussion 1290:The discussion above is closed. 36: 4720:the general term and uppercase 4695:The result of the proposal was 2690:Reed Magazine; 'The Discoverer' 1773:Your disagreement with me is a 1647:apply to the article, and they 394:Knowledge:Citing_sources#Images 6171:, for example, uses the term. 5673:Knowledge's naming conventions 5344:Move article to "compact disc" 5315:Collins Discovery Encyclopedia 4008:21:34, 15 September 2008 (UTC) 3432:" changes CD rotation speed). 3005:analog sound vs. digital sound 2010:00:53, 21 September 2007 (UTC) 1997:22:04, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1967:21:42, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1949:20:57, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1918:20:53, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1899:17:55, 23 September 2007 (UTC) 1886:22:00, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1806:20:44, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1732:19:32, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1675:18:51, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1619:18:12, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1564:18:02, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1530:17:44, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1512:17:29, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1495:17:21, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1481:16:20, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 1373:This article suffers from the 840:08:49, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 795:08:49, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 766:05:03, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 740:03:08, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 700:23:55, 15 September 2007 (UTC) 682:23:51, 15 September 2007 (UTC) 668:23:25, 15 September 2007 (UTC) 649:23:17, 15 September 2007 (UTC) 612:03:10, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 572:23:09, 15 September 2007 (UTC) 558:18:53, 15 September 2007 (UTC) 548:18:26, 15 September 2007 (UTC) 533:Article is properly named per 510: 506:16:37, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 470:09:25, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 454:01:26, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 441:09:25, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 380:09:25, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 340:09:25, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 333:different Compact Disc formats 304:09:25, 20 September 2007 (UTC) 230:17:00, 19 September 2007 (UTC) 217:03:40, 19 September 2007 (UTC) 191:02:40, 19 September 2007 (UTC) 165:19:19, 18 September 2007 (UTC) 127:18:07, 18 September 2007 (UTC) 1: 6471:02:31, 25 December 2009 (UTC) 6390:20:08, 20 December 2009 (UTC) 5661:, then sign your comment with 5311:Computer Desktop Encyclopedia 4736:that CD means compact disk. 4568:I have started a new article 4223:02:47, 13 February 2009 (UTC) 4202:05:27, 17 December 2008 (UTC) 4187:00:24, 17 December 2008 (UTC) 4084:07:17, 13 November 2008 (UTC) 4062:07:09, 13 November 2008 (UTC) 2948:18:10, 15 December 2009 (UTC) 2839: 2797: 2762: 2599:21:22, 31 December 2007 (UTC) 2577:20:46, 31 December 2007 (UTC) 2539:20:33, 31 December 2007 (UTC) 2523:20:18, 31 December 2007 (UTC) 2482:13:45, 31 December 2007 (UTC) 2467:01:28, 31 December 2007 (UTC) 2443:15:54, 31 December 2007 (UTC) 2428:01:31, 31 December 2007 (UTC) 2394:23:48, 30 December 2007 (UTC) 2378:19:00, 30 December 2007 (UTC) 2363:14:53, 30 December 2007 (UTC) 2348:09:40, 26 December 2007 (UTC) 2332:17:27, 18 December 2007 (UTC) 2313:17:23, 18 December 2007 (UTC) 2293:21:37, 19 December 2007 (UTC) 2254:15:36, 21 December 2007 (UTC) 2219:20:04, 19 December 2007 (UTC) 2181:15:38, 10 November 2007 (UTC) 2082:16:04, 10 November 2007 (UTC) 1357:13:52, 17 December 2009 (UTC) 1333:07:00, 17 December 2009 (UTC) 1314:16:02, 13 December 2009 (UTC) 1283:11:32, 13 December 2009 (UTC) 1239:23:59, 12 December 2009 (UTC) 511:Name shouldn't be capitalized 293:discussion has run its course 272:21:36, 3 September 2007 (UTC) 106:21:15, 3 September 2007 (UTC) 95:21:06, 3 September 2007 (UTC) 6440:18:28, 4 November 2009 (UTC) 6361:Red Book (audio CD standard) 4728:. In addition, both explain 4570:History of Optical Recording 4106:23:14, 1 December 2008 (UTC) 4040:21:27, 24 October 2008 (UTC) 4022:, who say that their album " 3272:well as Doi's on Knowledge. 3247:04:51, 7 February 2008 (UTC) 3218:18:26, 5 February 2008 (UTC) 3195:16:59, 5 February 2008 (UTC) 3172:15:18, 5 February 2008 (UTC) 3144:13:04, 5 February 2008 (UTC) 3129:09:58, 5 February 2008 (UTC) 3108:05:40, 5 February 2008 (UTC) 3089:01:17, 5 February 2008 (UTC) 3069:17:54, 7 December 2009 (UTC) 3017:14:01, 17 January 2008 (UTC) 2997:13:48, 17 January 2008 (UTC) 2969:11:34, 17 January 2008 (UTC) 2880:19:00, 13 January 2008 (UTC) 2846:17:28, 13 January 2008 (UTC) 2831:12:45, 12 January 2008 (UTC) 2804:11:48, 12 January 2008 (UTC) 2788:01:37, 12 January 2008 (UTC) 2769:23:36, 11 January 2008 (UTC) 2742:20:11, 24 October 2008 (UTC) 2154:20:12, 1 November 2007 (UTC) 2132:17:16, 1 November 2007 (UTC) 2122:16:15, 1 November 2007 (UTC) 2046:21:31, 18 October 2007 (UTC) 663:to dig up a reference, no? + 486:Please have the courtesy to 122:taking action. Thank you. -- 5877:" being rarely spelt out. 4635:Under the history section: 3407:,page 8/99 & 45/99 and 3316:）. 1993, Nakajima received 3054:12:08, 20 August 2008 (UTC) 3033:11:36, 20 August 2008 (UTC) 2703:01:38, 6 January 2008 (UTC) 2680:01:16, 6 January 2008 (UTC) 2652:01:05, 6 January 2008 (UTC) 2624:00:47, 1 January 2008 (UTC) 2500:02:33, 1 January 2008 (UTC) 331:redundant -- they identify 278:Here are the provisions of 24:Talk:Compact Disc/Archive 2 6535: 5552:16:11, 12 April 2009 (UTC) 5530:05:35, 13 April 2009 (UTC) 5497:06:22, 12 April 2009 (UTC) 5446:07:40, 11 April 2009 (UTC) 5424:15:10, 10 April 2009 (UTC) 5406:14:09, 10 April 2009 (UTC) 5378:11:55, 10 April 2009 (UTC) 5347:Start article this way: A 5239:16:11, 12 April 2009 (UTC) 5176:06:51, 12 April 2009 (UTC) 5111:06:51, 12 April 2009 (UTC) 5069:06:51, 12 April 2009 (UTC) 5030:06:51, 12 April 2009 (UTC) 4987:06:51, 12 April 2009 (UTC) 4929:06:51, 12 April 2009 (UTC) 4889:06:51, 12 April 2009 (UTC) 4708:02:02, 14 April 2009 (UTC) 4604:15:37, 16 March 2009 (UTC) 4582:06:41, 16 March 2009 (UTC) 4550:19:57, 15 March 2009 (UTC) 4511:19:17, 15 March 2009 (UTC) 4470:18:13, 15 March 2009 (UTC) 4435:17:56, 15 March 2009 (UTC) 4405:17:41, 15 March 2009 (UTC) 4377:17:07, 15 March 2009 (UTC) 4358:17:01, 15 March 2009 (UTC) 4342:15:27, 15 March 2009 (UTC) 3976:21:39, 9 August 2008 (UTC) 3800:08:43, 13 April 2008 (UTC) 3661:06:24, 31 March 2008 (UTC) 3628:09:27, 23 March 2008 (UTC) 3613:08:24, 23 March 2008 (UTC) 3588:Principle of Digital Audio 3575:09:53, 23 March 2008 (UTC) 3405:Optical Storage Technology 3368:08:24, 23 March 2008 (UTC) 3345:18:46, 21 March 2008 (UTC) 3330:17:32, 21 March 2008 (UTC) 3267:15:36, 21 March 2008 (UTC) 2197:This Talk page is for the 1379:of confusing Compact Disc 1185:19:31, 27 March 2008 (UTC) 1142:10:40, 27 March 2008 (UTC) 1085:09:52, 27 March 2008 (UTC) 1050:09:27, 27 March 2008 (UTC) 1004:19:34, 23 March 2008 (UTC) 976:00:33, 13 March 2008 (UTC) 946:23:54, 12 March 2008 (UTC) 924:20:40, 12 March 2008 (UTC) 902:19:40, 12 March 2008 (UTC) 875:07:37, 12 March 2008 (UTC) 6374:21:16, 10 July 2009 (UTC) 6322:03:06, 29 June 2009 (UTC) 6287:17:27, 30 June 2009 (UTC) 6275:15:07, 13 June 2009 (UTC) 6167:, though. That's the way 5271:(Collins, bottom of page) 5141:19:11, 9 April 2009 (UTC) 5089:05:14, 9 April 2009 (UTC) 5051:05:13, 9 April 2009 (UTC) 5012:05:01, 9 April 2009 (UTC) 4972:18:01, 8 April 2009 (UTC) 4915:13:58, 8 April 2009 (UTC) 4862:13:29, 8 April 2009 (UTC) 4828:13:00, 8 April 2009 (UTC) 4797:12:46, 8 April 2009 (UTC) 4769:12:32, 8 April 2009 (UTC) 4672:22:10, 3 April 2009 (UTC) 4626:06:27, 3 April 2009 (UTC) 4501:doesn't mention Russell. 4321:New reference for Russell 4315:21:06, 8 March 2009 (UTC) 4299:20:44, 8 March 2009 (UTC) 4250:20:49, 8 March 2009 (UTC) 3942:08:03, 18 June 2008 (UTC) 3928:15:20, 16 June 2008 (UTC) 3914:15:16, 16 June 2008 (UTC) 3899:15:09, 16 June 2008 (UTC) 3884:14:19, 16 June 2008 (UTC) 3869:14:07, 16 June 2008 (UTC) 3853:13:30, 16 June 2008 (UTC) 3753:10:27, 3 April 2008 (UTC) 3723:14:40, 1 April 2008 (UTC) 3700:08:09, 1 April 2008 (UTC) 3434:See also pit depth change 2928:04:07, 15 June 2008 (UTC) 2774:Within the limits of the 1909:Thumb attributes on logos 1752:to my detailed responses. 1369:synonymous with audio CD! 994:Article has been moved. — 287:Please be good enough to 6214:Please do not modify it. 6204:17:26, 29 May 2009 (UTC) 6181:17:12, 29 May 2009 (UTC) 6138:08:17, 29 May 2009 (UTC) 6103:01:12, 29 May 2009 (UTC) 6068:00:08, 29 May 2009 (UTC) 6050:23:55, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 6005:23:29, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 5965:23:29, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 5935:opposition, because it " 5923:23:09, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 5895:23:05, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 5823:22:53, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 5786:22:50, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 5776:with a lowercase 'd'. — 5757:22:21, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 5736:How do you figure that? 5728:22:07, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 5705:22:04, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 5638:22:04, 28 May 2009 (UTC) 5609:13:37, 5 June 2009 (UTC) 5591:Please do not modify it. 5569:Please do not modify it. 5251:apparently all major UK 5221:The capitalized version 4687:Please do not modify it. 4329:Inventors and Inventions 3826:09:47, 16 May 2008 (UTC) 3417:Constant linear velocity 2908:18:06, 5 June 2008 (UTC) 1292:Please do not modify it. 1223:22:22, 4 June 2008 (UTC) 522:Please do not modify it. 6169:Encyclopædia Britannica 6079:- CD can also refer to 4810:and encyclopedias like 4612:Copy protection schemes 4208:Physical Specifications 3415:controlled by means of 2068:, which transferred to 1862:Knowledge:Editor review 1781:is still being ignored. 1748:. There still has been 289:leave the section alone 6364:seems to address them. 6153:this naming convention 6014:certificate of deposit 5716:Certificate of deposit 4150:The Compact Disc Story 3320:for CD development. -- 3285:#18, June 1971 he was 1401:Compact Disc is both: 6492:of past discussions. 6402:Universal Music Group 5188:compromise suggestion 4950:genericized trademark 4395:laser beam read out. 3542:Note large 8MB file, 3401:CD Physical Structure 3297:where he was already 1844:have reported you to 1777:, not certainty, yet 1589:they can be uploaded 1449:fundamental confusion 1436:Video CD (White Book) 1390:(with a minor nod to 49:of past discussions. 5514:does nothing to show 4592:Fadeyev-Haber method 3962:Where does this go? 3906:♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ 3876:♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ 3845:♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ 3675:Digital compact Disc 3549:Microsoft PowerPoint 2900:♫ Melodia Chaconne ♫ 2634:Who Invented the CD? 2203:Compact Disc Article 2199:Compact Disc Article 2088:The logos need to go 1593:. It's that simple. 656:It sure the hell is. 6159:" I would support 6026:CD (disambiguation) 6022:CD (disambiguation) 5808:CD (disambiguation) 5742:CD (disambiguation) 5581:Requested move (CD) 5540:has been since 1983 5285:; US dictionaries: 5279:"compact disc = CD" 5227:has been since 1983 2936:Deep Purple In Rock 2298:Monaural/monophonic 2096:. And no thanks to 1668:rushing to judgment 1440:Audio CD (Red Book) 1394:), and needs to be 6086:Corps Diplomatique 5295:Encarta Dictionary 4808:other dictionaries 4631:Should this be in? 3964:Image:Blank_cd.png 3411:, More Pit Info. 3287:executive searched 1746:not being violated 1392:Yellow Book CD-ROM 6522: 6521: 6504: 6503: 6498:current talk page 6422:comment added by 6325: 6308:comment added by 6024:, or better move 5875:internet protocol 5802:. Also note that 5607: 5297:; encyclopedias: 5291:Merriam-Webster's 5287:American Heritage 5160:American Heritage 4646: 4421:Paying the money 4074:comment added by 3998:comment added by 3828: 3816:comment added by 3681:and, MIT defines 3669:This web site by 3577: 3561:comment added by 3350:Pit depth (Draft) 3252:Prominent members 3187:ILike2BeAnonymous 3100:ILike2BeAnonymous 2930: 2918:comment added by 2616:ILike2BeAnonymous 2591:ILike2BeAnonymous 2531:ILike2BeAnonymous 2239:On the contrary, 2129:ILike2BeAnonymous 2048: 2036:comment added by 1492:ILike2BeAnonymous 1460:Red Book audio CD 1432:Red Book audio CD 1412:, and rewritable 1385:Red Book audio CD 1225: 1213:comment added by 763:ILike2BeAnonymous 697:ILike2BeAnonymous 665:ILike2BeAnonymous 569:ILike2BeAnonymous 545:ILike2BeAnonymous 451:ILike2BeAnonymous 120:message me before 103:ILike2BeAnonymous 86:Please leave the 79: 78: 61: 60: 55:current talk page 22:(Redirected from 18:Talk:Compact disc 6526: 6518: 6506: 6505: 6483: 6482: 6476: 6469: 6466: 6442: 6324: 6302: 6284: 6283:Hartmann Schedel 6267:Hartmann Schedel 6216: 6201: 6199: 6194: 6136: 6003: 6000: 5994: 5665: 5659: 5653: 5603: 5593: 5404: 5401: 5395: 5138: 5136: 5131: 5081:Grover cleveland 5043:Grover cleveland 4969: 4967: 4962: 4860: 4857: 4851: 4795: 4792: 4786: 4689: 4670: 4667: 4661: 4640: 4086: 4014:The earliest CDs 4010: 3811: 3556: 3393:Refractive index 3170: 3167: 3161: 2913: 2878: 2875: 2869: 2841: 2829: 2826: 2820: 2799: 2764: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2291: 2288: 2282: 2120: 2117: 2111: 2062:Constellation 3D 2031: 1995: 1992: 1986: 1947: 1944: 1938: 1884: 1881: 1875: 1833:This discussion 1730: 1727: 1721: 1616:Mark H Wilkinson 1527:Mark H Wilkinson 1434:-- for example, 1376:fundamental flaw 1365:Compact Disc is 1355: 1352: 1281: 1278: 1208: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1115:Compact Cassette 1047: 1043: 1039: 1036: 647: 644: 638: 524: 327:These logos are 270: 267: 261: 163: 160: 154: 75: 63: 62: 40: 39: 33: 27: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6523: 6514: 6480: 6464: 6452: 6417: 6398: 6331: 6303: 6295: 6282: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6212: 6197: 6192: 6190: 6134: 6119: 6032:. I do however 6020:to redirect to 5998: 5987: 5984: 5663: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5589: 5583: 5575: 5399: 5388: 5385: 5341: 5247: 5195: 5190: 5134: 5129: 5127: 4965: 4960: 4958: 4855: 4844: 4841: 4790: 4779: 4776: 4712:As can be seen 4685: 4679: 4665: 4654: 4651: 4633: 4614: 4323: 4266: 4258: 4210: 4113: 4093: 4069: 4050: 4016: 3993: 3986: 3960: 3838:This is silly. 3836: 3808: 3635: 3409:Optical CD Code 3352: 3254: 3230: 3165: 3154: 3151: 3076: 3052: 2956: 2954:CD versus vinyl 2873: 2862: 2859: 2844: 2824: 2813: 2810: 2802: 2767: 2756: 2673: 2662: 2659: 2636: 2510: 2421: 2410: 2407: 2300: 2286: 2275: 2272: 2115: 2104: 2101: 2090: 2024: 1990: 1979: 1976: 1973:anyone can edit 1942: 1931: 1928: 1925:Anyone can edit 1911: 1879: 1868: 1865: 1725: 1714: 1711: 1490:this article. + 1371: 1350: 1338: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1276: 1264: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1119: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1027: 854: 642: 631: 628: 624: 529: 520: 513: 265: 254: 251: 158: 147: 144: 84: 71: 37: 29: 28: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 6532: 6530: 6520: 6519: 6512: 6502: 6501: 6484: 6474: 6473: 6410:The Carpenters 6397: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6330: 6327: 6294: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6236: 6233: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6219: 6207: 6206: 6183: 6141: 6140: 6126: 6106: 6105: 6095:Commander Zulu 6073: 6072: 6071: 6070: 6053: 6052: 6007: 5976: 5975: 5974: 5973: 5972: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5937:is complicated 5926: 5925: 5851:United Kingdom 5843:European Union 5835:United Nations 5826: 5825: 5789: 5788: 5762: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5731: 5730: 5708: 5707: 5678: 5677: 5652:*'''Support''' 5644: 5641: 5612: 5597: 5596: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5563: 5562: 5561: 5560: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5555: 5554: 5532: 5500: 5499: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5429: 5428: 5427: 5426: 5409: 5408: 5366: 5365: 5345: 5340: 5337: 5259:Compact Oxford 5246: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5118: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5113: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5074: 5073: 5072: 5071: 5054: 5053: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5015: 5014: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4992: 4991: 4990: 4989: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4932: 4931: 4898: 4897: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4800: 4799: 4693: 4692: 4680: 4678: 4677:Requested move 4675: 4648: 4647: 4632: 4629: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4585: 4584: 4565: 4564: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4559: 4558: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4553: 4552: 4524: 4523: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4478: 4477: 4476: 4475: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4412: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4379: 4361: 4360: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4317: 4279: 4278: 4277: 4276: 4265: 4262: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4215:204.191.138.90 4209: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4112: 4109: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4015: 4012: 4000:129.125.108.20 3985: 3982: 3980: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3944: 3835: 3830: 3807: 3804: 3803: 3802: 3770:との共著、1982年第1版、 3726: 3725: 3703: 3702: 3634: 3631: 3601: 3600: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3578: 3546: 3540: 3535: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3509: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3491: 3486: 3453:との共著、1982年第1版、 3351: 3348: 3303:Shuji Nakamura 3275: 3273: 3253: 3250: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3197: 3175: 3174: 3111: 3110: 3096: 3075: 3072: 3057: 3056: 3046: 3025:72.129.131.185 3020: 3019: 3000: 2999: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2920:74.138.236.178 2887: 2886: 2885: 2884: 2883: 2882: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2836: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2734:77.186.131.252 2722: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2717: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2683: 2682: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2601: 2582: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2565: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2542: 2541: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2485: 2484: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2397: 2396: 2366: 2365: 2335: 2334: 2299: 2296: 2265: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2228: 2227: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2221: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2159: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2135: 2134: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2084: 2058:Tapestry Media 2023: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2012: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1902: 1901: 1858: 1857: 1856: 1849: 1838: 1831: 1824: 1817: 1809: 1808: 1799: 1798: 1797: 1785: 1782: 1771: 1764: 1753: 1737:My responses: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1603: 1602: 1601: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1573: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1546:"We" actually 1537: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1532: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1514: 1498: 1497: 1444: 1443: 1417: 1370: 1363: 1362: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1325:Nick Collision 1300: 1297: 1289: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1285: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1251: 1242: 1241: 1215:207.172.135.54 1202: 1201: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1006: 985: 984: 983: 982: 981: 980: 979: 978: 953: 952: 951: 950: 949: 948: 929: 928: 927: 926: 905: 904: 883: 853: 850: 849: 848: 847: 846: 845: 844: 843: 842: 833: 832: 831: 830: 829: 808: 807: 806: 805: 804: 803: 802: 801: 800: 799: 798: 797: 777: 776: 775: 774: 773: 772: 771: 770: 769: 768: 749: 748: 747: 746: 745: 744: 743: 742: 733: 732: 731: 717: 707: 706: 705: 704: 703: 702: 687: 686: 685: 684: 671: 670: 623: 620: 619: 618: 617: 616: 615: 614: 605: 604: 603: 602: 601: 585: 577: 576: 575: 574: 561: 560: 540: 539: 528: 527: 515: 514: 512: 509: 475: 474: 473: 447: 446: 445: 444: 422: 421: 414: 413: 412: 411: 404: 397: 386: 385: 384: 383: 361: 360: 352: 351: 346: 345: 344: 343: 321: 320: 313: 312: 308: 307: 297:no good reason 276: 275: 274: 243: 242: 241: 240: 239: 238: 237: 236: 235: 234: 233: 232: 200: 199: 198: 197: 196: 195: 194: 193: 172: 171: 170: 169: 168: 167: 132: 131: 130: 129: 109: 108: 83: 80: 77: 76: 69: 59: 58: 41: 30: 15: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6531: 6517: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6490: 6485: 6478: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6450: 6446: 6445: 6444: 6443:Bennett Turk 6441: 6437: 6433: 6432:204.80.61.110 6429: 6425: 6424:204.80.61.110 6421: 6414: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6378: 6377: 6376: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6362: 6355: 6351: 6349: 6343: 6341: 6335: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6299: 6293:Recycling CDs 6292: 6288: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6272: 6268: 6260: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6242: 6237: 6234: 6231: 6230: 6229: 6218: 6215: 6209: 6208: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6195: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6143: 6142: 6139: 6135: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6124: 6123:Ed Fitzgerald 6117: 6116: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6087: 6082: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6054: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6001: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5981: 5978: 5977: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5859:United States 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5824: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5734: 5733: 5732: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5670: 5662: 5658:*'''Oppose''' 5656: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5623:WP:COMMONNAME 5620: 5616: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5595: 5592: 5586: 5585: 5580: 5578: 5572: 5570: 5565: 5564: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5522:70.29.213.241 5519: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5503:Dictionaries 5502: 5501: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5467: 5461: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5438:70.29.213.241 5435: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5431: 5430: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5407: 5402: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5254: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5202: 5200: 5192: 5187: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5153: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5132: 5124: 5123: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5095: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5057: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5016: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5004:70.29.213.241 5001: 4998: 4997: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4963: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4870: 4863: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4839: 4838: 4837: 4836: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4793: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4691: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4676: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4645:"<ref: --> 4644: 4638: 4637: 4636: 4630: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4618:88.148.214.70 4611: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4588: 4587: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4537: 4536: 4535: 4534: 4533: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4529: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4525: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4483: 4482: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4449: 4448: 4447: 4446: 4445: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4417: 4416: 4415: 4414: 4413: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4392:James Russell 4388: 4387: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4365: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4307:198.177.27.15 4303: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4291:198.177.27.15 4288: 4284: 4273: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4264:Spiral track? 4263: 4261: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4242:198.177.27.15 4239: 4238: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4138:slashdot post 4135: 4134:three results 4131: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4076:88.110.225.33 4073: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4054:88.110.225.33 4047: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3957: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3841: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3818:99.247.28.157 3815: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3738: 3733: 3731: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3688:James Russell 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3648: 3645: 3641: 3632: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3555:, 9/41 page 3554: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3468: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3425: 3424:Near infrared 3420: 3418: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3397:Polycarbonate 3394: 3390: 3389:Polycarbonate 3386: 3382: 3378: 3377:Near infrared 3374: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3269: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3251: 3249: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3205: 3204: 3203: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3179: 3178: 3177: 3176: 3173: 3168: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3148: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3073: 3071: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3061:Fewerthanzero 3055: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2981:digital audio 2978: 2973: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2881: 2876: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2857: 2856: 2855: 2854: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2765: 2753: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2714: 2713: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2681: 2676: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2633: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2584: 2583: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2507: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2471: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2289: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2270: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2229: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2182: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2166:Holy Christ, 2165: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2099: 2095: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2038:68.196.141.53 2035: 2028: 2021: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1974: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1908: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1882: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1863: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1832: 1829: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1811: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1676: 1673: 1669: 1666:, instead of 1665: 1664: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1631: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1611: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1531: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1456:Rainbow Books 1452: 1450: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1424:Rainbow Books 1421: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1388:in particular 1386: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1344: 1336: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1298: 1293: 1284: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1270: 1262: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1254:General rules 1252: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1206: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1158: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 992: 991: 990: 989: 988: 987: 986: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 960: 959: 958: 957: 956: 955: 954: 947: 943: 939: 935: 934: 933: 932: 931: 930: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 908: 907: 906: 903: 899: 895: 891: 888: 884: 882: 879: 878: 877: 876: 872: 868: 863: 859: 851: 841: 838: 834: 827: 826: 825: 824:General rules 822: 821: 819: 816: 815: 814: 813: 812: 811: 810: 809: 796: 793: 789: 788: 787: 786: 785: 784: 783: 782: 781: 780: 779: 778: 767: 764: 759: 758: 757: 756: 755: 754: 753: 752: 751: 750: 741: 738: 734: 730: 728: 723: 722: 720: 715: 714: 713: 712: 711: 710: 709: 708: 701: 698: 693: 692: 691: 690: 689: 688: 683: 680: 675: 674: 673: 672: 669: 666: 662: 657: 653: 652: 651: 650: 645: 639: 637: 635: 621: 613: 610: 606: 600: 598: 593: 592: 591: 590: 588: 583: 582: 581: 580: 579: 578: 573: 570: 565: 564: 563: 562: 559: 556: 552: 551: 550: 549: 546: 538: 536: 531: 530: 526: 523: 517: 516: 508: 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