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longer come into contact with one another. With an interest in lasers, Russell soon began his research in an optical system that would replace a phonograph's needle and replace it with a laser that would read codes in order to record and playback sound. At 12 inches (30 cm) in diameter, Russell in 1970 had successfully invented and built the world's first compact disc that contained digitized codes etched onto the disc that could be read from a laser. After partnering with
Digital Recording which was later acquired by Optical Recording Corporation, Russell and the parent company that he worked for, found it increasingly difficult to enforce and protect his patents from infringement by competitors such as Sony, Philips, and Time Warner who all profited from Russell's invention. The belief that Dutch and Japanese scientists "invented" the compact disc is a misconception in the sense that Philips and Sony used Russell's underlying technology in order to develop a disc more refined, practical, smaller and sophisticated. In 1982, Sony and Philips had commercially introduced the compact disc, twelve years after Russell had already created a working prototype in 1970. By 1986, Optical Recording decided to legally act by suing Sony, Phillips, and Time Warner. Two years later, the company came to a licensing settlement with Sony and soon thereafter, agreements with Phillips and others soon followed, including a June 1992 court ruling that required Time Warner to pay Optical Recording $ 30 million due to patent infringement."
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done from the inside to the outer edge with straight movements instead of a circular motion, which gives us the advantage of not smearing the dirt on the surface of the disc but "sliding it off" and at the same time avoiding situations where possible the long scratch on the data portion caused by us (if we wipe in a circular manner) is along the data reading line and will prevent the laser from reading the disc correctly, unlike the situation when the scratch is across the laser reading line and any short damage to the track will not affect the sound quality (correct reading data) because systems and corrective data will prevent this because they can repair damage to small portions of data (scratches across), but they cannot cope with damaged large portions of data (scratches along).
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The data on a CD (e.g. audio files) is placed in concentric circles (not a spiral as on a gramophone record) and is read by a laser from the inside out (unlike a gramophone record on which the needle reads from the outside in). Therefore, in order to clean a CD safely and effectively, it should be
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This must in
History: "The Compact Disc, or CD, is an optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio. In 1965, James Russell acted upon his idea that the music industry needed a new medium whereby a gramophone record and the needle on a phonograph would no
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I think the history section of the article would be better if some reference were made to James
Russell, as the above-user mentions. From everything I've read, Russell played a key role in the invention of the compact disc. Starting with Philips and Sony is, in effect, beginning in the middle,
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seems not to well cover the drives used by medium sized computers in the 1980s. Somewhere between IBM mainframes and PCs, such as Sun workstations, or similar. Those drives were getting close to CD sized, and systems might have had more than one.
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I was wondering about this too. The successful commercial application of a technology is certainly important but it seems strange that this article does not make any mention of
Russell inventing the format decades earlier. --
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The data on CD is recorded in a spiral. HDDs record data in concentric tracks. Wiping along the radius is the recommended cleaning procedure. ~
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Could an expert please expand the
Integrity section to include a comparison of life expectancies for various storage media? Thank you.
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which is likely true, but I suspect people in 1980 didn't master CDs on their PC. (Which were more likely to be Apple II, or similar.)
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This article has previously been nominated to be moved. Please review the prior discussions if you are considering re-nomination.
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I added most of them, but that particular reference was being re-exported under the wrong refname and I had no idea how to fix
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Knowledge. If you would like to participate, you can choose to edit the article attached to this page, or visit the
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instead of at the start. (I hope this post meets the applicable criteria - it is my first post. John M. Becker
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As far as I know, the early CD players used HeNe gas lasers. I don't have a
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a CD could store much more data than a personal computer hard disk drive
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a CD could store much more data than a personal computer hard disk drive
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created a broken reference link (#29). I'm not sure how to fix this. ~
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A fact from this article was featured on
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