840:
that they are more closely related to each other than to any other clades, with
Sauropsida being the clade made up of all amniotes more closely related to birds than to mammals, and Synapsida being the clade of all amniotes more closely related to mammals than to birds. It's true that these two groups contain almost all known amniotes, meaning that the synapsid-sauropsid split happened very early in amniote evolution. However, that doesn't mean that Amniota is polyphyletic at all. Amniota is polyphyletic if and only if the mammalian amniotic egg isn't homologous to the amniotic eggs of birds, of crocodilians, and of lepidosaurs, that is to say, if the forebears of mammals evolved the amniotic egg independently of the forebears of birds, of crocodilians, or of lepidosaurs. In that case, the last shared forebear of mammals and birds (or one of the other groups) would not have laid amniotic eggs (unless one lineage secondarily lost the original amniotic egg and then later evolved it anew, which is rather unlikely, though). However, as far as I know, the amniotic egg was only invented once, namely by animals which were forebears of both mammals and birds, and so, Amniota very likely is monophyletic, not polyphyletic. Also, I haven't found any source claiming otherwise. Have you found any such sources?
1160:
point out that 1. we have no direct evidence, and essentially no indirect evidence, of how the first amniotes or their ancestors reproduced. There is no reason to assume that the reproductive mode of modern amphibians is primitive or that the amniote egg evolved from anything resembling a frog egg. Some of the features of amniote eggs that have been interpreted as adaptations to terrestrial reproduction may in fact be primitive. 2. Amniote eggs provide no more protection from dehydration than amphbian eggs, even modern amphibian eggs. Eggs buried in underground nests need no such protection as the water potential of soil in such nests is higher than the physiological water potential of vertebrate eggs. 3. buildup of nitrogenous waste in terrestrial eggs is not the serious problem it often is assumed to be. 4. Terrestrial eggs need no special adaptations for gas exchange.
504:"The bladder and the urethra develop from the urogenital sinus. The bladdder also develops in part from the allantois. The hindgut and the allantois empty into the cloaca early in development. The cloaca ends as the cloacal plate, a region of ectoderm and endoderm without intervening mesoderm. The urorectal septum develops in that region of the cloaca where the allantois and the hindgut meet. This septum grows toward the cloacal plate and divides it into an anal canal and a urogenital sinus. The cloacal plate then gets divided into an anal membrane and a urogenital membrane with a perineal body in between. The mesonephric duct empties into the urogenital sinus. The urogenital sinus and the allantois enlarge to form the urinary bladder."
495:"The bladder of amphibians is thought to be homologous with the allantois (a fetal excretory organ) of amniotes. The bladder of turtles, Sphenodon and some lizards is formed by retention of part of the fetal allantois. Bladders are absent in crocodilians, snakes, some lizards, and most birds, because the urine of these is semisolid, consisting mostly of uric acid. In mammals the bladder is formed from part of the allantois and from the urodeum (a subdivision of the cloaca). The bladder empties into the cloaca in tetrapods except for therian mammals, in which it has a separate external opening called the urethra."
1137:
terms of 'earth' and 'fire.' The same with Benton's system. I'm not saying take it down, I just object to calling it phylogenetic. It is not. As for specialist literature, that's pretty much all there is when it comes to 'amniotes.' It's not a traditional group, like 'birds' and 'fish,' but a category that never has been widely used outside of specialist literature and textbooks. The problem is so few people actively work on amniotes as amniotes that textbook accounts rarely change to accommodate new discoveries and interpretations.
200:
179:
31:
88:
210:
64:
22:
1429:
reptiliomorphs, are in fact the best definition of reptiles, not sauropsids. Synapsids and sauropsids are two major branches of reptiles/ reptiliomorphs. Should we make amniotes equivalent to reptiles or make the main group reptiliomorphs. In taxonomic terms, where should we put the crown group of reptiles? It is is not as the sauropsid level but above that.
327:
768:, in a meaningful way. While the split between synapsids and sauropsids is a deep one, it does not run all the way to the bottom, and there's always the question of turtles, which may represent an even earlier split. This is the kind of situation that cladistic taxonomy is not well suited to deal with.
1463:
has recently edited the larger cladogram in the article. I've noticed that it poorly fits when displayed on both my phone's and my computer's screen. I checked what it looked like before the edit, and it had the same/similar issue. Is there some way to fix this? At least so I can scroll past the last
839:
I know that I'm a bit late, but here are my two cents. The short answer: I think not. The long answer: Where is it suggested that
Synapsida and Sauropsida are not directly related to each other? As far as I can tell, this and related articles say that Sauropsida and Synapsida are sister taxa, meaning
1136:
I don't object to it being mentioned, just to the implication that it is accepted among people working in the field. In the same way a history of chemistry would be incomplete without discussion of the four ancient elements, but would be inaccurate if it suggested that modern chemists still spoke in
1372:
Never mind, I figured it out. The more recent date is for crown amniotes (most recent common ancestor of living amniotes) while the 340 mya date is for the apomorphy-based definition (nearest common ancestor of two fossil genera that each have enough items on the checklist of fossil bone characters
1159:
The amniote egg traditionally has been considered a major evolutionary advance that permitted vertebrates to reproduce on dry land, freeing them of the need to return to standing water. I intend to revise this article (with references) to reflect recent challenges to this view, and in particular to
1490:
That particular cladogram is by far the largest I've seen in any article. A solution consistent with the way articles are typically structured might be to move the deepest parts of the tree to their respective relevant articles, though many of those articles already have their own cladograms that
741:
Based on this and related articles, it seems that synapsids and sauropsids are two different lineages of amniotes which have evolved separately and are not directly related to one another. This means that "amniota" is a polyphyletic group, and therefore it is not a valid clade by the standards of
1471:
Another issue is that when scrolling through the cladogram on my phone, my screen is often entirely empty. This makes navigation and keeping the relationships of thing in mind a tad confusing at times. I know that it'll be hard to display so much info in an aesthetic manner but I thought that it
1513:
The labels could certainly be trimmed to reduce the horizontal spread. The
Reptilia sensu latissimo/lato/stricto labels are unnecessary for a general article on amniotes and if kept probably need some explanation. The Sauropsida/Parareptilia is inaccurate as that clade is not Parareptilia. The
566:
item in a forum of some kind, the only references I can find for 'microphylum' in the sense used in the taxoboxes are on
Knowledge (XXG) or derived from Knowledge (XXG). It looks like a neologism to me, complicated by the fact that 'microphylum' and 'microphyllum' are used as species names. --
1098:
The ranked taxonomy of amniotes taken from Benton is not really phylogenetic. At best it is a hybrid of the "traditional" system and a phylogenetic classificiation. I don not believe that it is very widely used. The (or a) real phylogenetic classification is the one given in the cladogram: in
623:
Note--the forum you linked, Dalbury, is the
Dinosaur mailing List. While an amazing resource, there is a lot of original research that goes on (good thing for paleontologists, bad thing for an encyclopedia). The use of microphylum there is, within the context of the post, definately original
1428:
Talk- Amniote/Reptile debate- I do not want to get in trouble, so I am writing in this talk page before I edit anything, but the strict split of synapsids as non-reptiles and sauropsids as reptiles including birds that I see on other wikipedia pages is inaccurate. Amniotes, at least all
822:
The
Amniota (proper name) would be polyphyletic only if derived from different amphibians. Polyphyly has to do with their ancestry, not the lineages contained within. Of course the same question can be asked of the Sauropsida and of the Synapsida. Best ignore most of the cladobabble.
633:
I removed the reference to microphylum from the article. If there is a classification out there that applies that rank to amniotes, "microphylum" could be mentioned in the context of that classification, but it's confusing to have such an obscure rank in the article's first
601:
And in any case, calling 'Amniota' a 'microphylum' looks like a real problem. I cannot find any instance of 'microphylum' and 'Amniota' on the same web page in a Google search that is not in WP or copied from WP. I'm going to bring this up over at
1531:(reverted), but this doesn't work in mobile (at least last time I looked). The other is to trim the more detailed part of the tree, either removing it from the article entirely or showing separate trees below (e.g. for synapsida and sauropsida).
1566:
1514:
sublabel with "Apomorphic synapsids" for crown amniotes is questionable and certainly needs explanation. If
Diadectomorpha is a posible amniote it should be discussed in the text, not simple marked with a questionmark (Amniota?).
786:
Cladistic taxonomy, which is almost universally accepted by people working on early amniotes, does not create a problem. Basal organisms are difficult to place into one or the other lineage coming off a node simply because they
1230:
amniotes are limited to to the proper egg-laying animals. While "basal amniotes" is not a very precise term, stem amniota denotes a very wide assemblage, including most of (if not all) of the groups traditionally assigned to
1099:
phylogenetics a cladogram and a classification are one in the same. As written the article also gives the impression that the "traditional" system still is in widespread use. It is not, although it persists in some textbooks.
1181:
As long as you can back up your statements with credible sources, I can't see any problems. It might be a good idea to make a separate article on the amniote egg as you suggested, the two can be merged later if we want to.
35:
1495:. Looking into the sources given for this particularly large cladogram might be worthwhile to confirm that they actually contain the relevant info, in which case they could be used as sources on the others as well.
1556:
1571:
1286:
Modesto, S. P. 2006. The cranial skeleton of the Early
Permian aquatic reptile Mesosaurus tenuidens: implications for relationships and palaeobiology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 146: 345-368.
549:
Is there a published reference for referring
Aminota to the rank of Microphylum? If so, it should be listed and discussed in the text, especially as I've seen this being migrated to taxoboxes on other pages.
1591:
1498:
Another reason this cladogram takes up so much space is that the labels near the stem are fairly wordy, making it take up a lot of empty space... there's probably a way to decrease the font size on these.
1397:. For example, it looks as if under the clade "Infraclass Diapsida" there are "Infraclass Neodiapsida" and "Infraclass Lepidosauromorpha". Should there be a different designation for the clade "Diapsida"?
1357:. This doesn't look right. The conventional date is 340 mya. The statement is not supported by the source, which gives 312-330 as the date for the Saurapsid/Synapsid split, which would be the crown group.
1302:
No, Sauropsida can't be synonymised with
Reptilia. Reptilia is defines by traits, Sauropsida by phylogeny. Appart from the fundamental difference in approach, the content is stil different. While
624:
research. I've seen similar examples of the author's shoehorning cladistic research into Linnean ranks on the internet before, and I suspect this is how the use of microphylum, etc., came about.
946:
You may be a mammal with two legs, however, you evolved from mammals with four legs. Your arms are an evolutionary response to bipedalism. The same goes for birds (which are actually reptiles).
161:
1576:
584:
a clade. I'm not sure what it's traditional rank would be, though Benton (2004) lists it as "Series". I prefer leaving it unranked, as Benton tends to use a lot of superfluous ranks.
1586:
151:
1596:
438:
1283:
Tsuji, L. A., and J. MĂĽller. 2009. Assembling the history of the Parareptilia: phylogeny, diversification, and a new definition of the clade. Fossil Record, 12(1): 71-81.
398:
1115:
347:
113:
100:
69:
1581:
876:
137:
455:
520:
in the cladogram, having an image of a bird for diapsids might demonstrate diversity better. many other taxa use lizard-like organisms for their images already.
463:
1257:
tree is not well understood, and the actual content of "stem amniota" is a matter of some dispute, and may even contain some groups traditionally assigned to
1517:
Even with reducing the horizontal spread by culling the labels, it's still likely to be too wide for most screens. One option is to collapse the clades with
1551:
1561:
275:
603:
562:
is the name of a clade. I don't see how it can be forced to fit into taxoboxes, which are based on a more traditional classification scheme. Other than
338:
1355:
The first amniotes, referred to as "basal amniotes", resembled small lizards and evolved from the amphibian reptiliomorphs about 312 million years ago,
1606:
265:
364:
1114:
You'll find Bentons hybrid system all over Knowledge (XXG). If you wish to argue against it's use (I'm personally not too fond of it either),
459:
1611:
1601:
1068:
981:
1412:
Also Infraclass Ichthyosauria. This is a peculiarity of Benton's classification schemes. He will repeat Linnaean ranks in the sequence. —
1546:
924:
909:
872:
749:
527:
1504:
1337:
1280:
With the Mesosauridae evolving within the Parareptilia (= Anapsida). Sauropsida should be considered a junior synonym of Reptilia.
1475:
Could the functionality be added to allow the cladogram to be opened in a different tab as an image or pdf file? That might help.
241:
228:
184:
44:
1444:
1061:
Whales are considered amniotes, and whales are not tetrapodal. This invalidates the claim that all amniotes are tetrapodal.
868:
807:
1491:
likely differ. However, it's not unusual for articles to present multiple possibilities given by different sources, such as
845:
723:
699:
373:
1321:
1266:
1187:
1127:
893:
841:
773:
970:
so... snakes and birds and people are all tetrapods based on geneaology? Is there a classification for animals that
1500:
1460:
1072:
985:
657:
Mammalia. You really can't mix traditional classification and cladistics this way.This needs to organized like
431:
357:
50:
21:
1018:, so every descendent of the first tetrapods are by definition tetrapods whether they have 4 legs or 2 or 0.
928:
753:
1341:
1249:
913:
828:
764:
The problem here is that the use of cladistic taxonomy makes it very hard to classify basal organisms, like
104:, an effort to make Knowledge (XXG) a standardized, informative, comprehensive and easy-to-use resource for
1432:
1064:
977:
864:
860:
The Out of the swamps external link does not work, when I tried to get on it it said "HTTP 404 not found"
795:
745:
523:
1317:
1262:
1183:
1123:
889:
769:
531:
1521:
1292:
951:
512:
As far as I can see, the allantois does contribute to the formation of the urinary bladder in amniotes.
288:
498:
1027:
1402:
1309:
1436:
1288:
947:
507:
199:
178:
791:
basal. This is not a problem to be solved by the erection of artificial categories, but reality.
1480:
1440:
1205:
1171:
1142:
1104:
1023:
923:
You noticed those two elongated things that grow from your shoulders? They also count as "poda".
824:
803:
421:
386:
1022:
refers to animals which locomote on 4 legs and wouldn't include whales and snakes and humans. --
1418:
1378:
1362:
717:
693:
662:
143:
1465:
1398:
209:
580:
To be fair, Amniota was coined before the advent of phylogenetic taxonomy, so it is not
1254:
1232:
413:
381:
369:
215:
87:
63:
112:. If you would like to participate, you can choose to edit this article, or visit the
1540:
1476:
1261:. As such, the term "stem amniotes" is useless, and I have removed it from the lede.
1258:
1201:
1167:
1138:
1100:
799:
674:
625:
585:
550:
447:
443:
1414:
1374:
1358:
713:
689:
608:
569:
1227:
1122:
common once you get outside of specialist literature. As such is merit mention.
391:
1116:
Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Amphibians and Reptiles#Paleontological references
205:
1316:(unlike in Reptilia). The two are fundamentally different systematic units.--
1118:
is the place to speak your mind on this matter. As for the old system, it is
1373:
to qualify as a bone-amniote, i.e., something paleontologists can measure).
1304:
1243:
1237:
1019:
1011:
563:
105:
1166:
I'm new here and wanted to give a heads up before I make a lot of changes
1163:
It may be best to create a separate section dealing with the amniote egg.
1492:
658:
377:
1224:
The first amniotes (referred to as "basal amniotes" or "stem amniotes")
237:
109:
326:
1567:
Knowledge (XXG) level-5 vital articles in Biology and health sciences
233:
499:
http://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/courses/bio478L/LecturesPDF/kidney.pdf
1340:, where we are discussing how to handle the taxon Eugnathostomata.
232:, an attempt to better organize information in articles related to
1015:
710:
508:
http://isc.temple.edu/marino/embryology/Kidney98/kidney_text.htm
1508:
1484:
1448:
1422:
1406:
1382:
1366:
1325:
1296:
1270:
1209:
1191:
1175:
1146:
1131:
1108:
1076:
1031:
989:
955:
932:
917:
897:
880:
849:
832:
811:
777:
757:
727:
703:
677:
667:
628:
614:
588:
575:
553:
535:
146:
in the banner shell. Please resolve this conflict if possible.
142:
This article has been given a rating which conflicts with the
15:
1557:
Knowledge (XXG) vital articles in Biology and health sciences
1200:
Thanks for the suggestion. that probably is what I will do.
1572:
Start-Class vital articles in Biology and health sciences
1592:
C-Class amphibian and reptile articles of Top-importance
1528:
314:
309:
304:
299:
908:
I am a mammal, and I have two legs (last I checked).
122:
Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Amphibians and Reptiles
1312:are are excluded from Sauropsida, while birds are
1253:, not to mention quite a few fossil tadpoles. The
1577:C-Class articles with conflicting quality ratings
1222:In the lede, the first amniotes are described as
1468:aren't crammed in the bottom left of my screen.
1308:is a reptile, it is not a s Sauropsid, and the
1587:Top-importance amphibian and reptile articles
604:Knowledge (XXG) talk:WikiProject Tree of Life
8:
1597:WikiProject Amphibians and Reptiles articles
125:Template:WikiProject Amphibians and Reptiles
19:
1226:. This is misleading, as it indicates the
521:
283:
173:
58:
1276:Sauropsida, a junior synonym of Reptilia
1155:Amniote egg and terrestrial reproduction
360:into articles about endangered species.
653:Therapsida, which in turn contains the
434:into articles about endangered species.
175:
60:
1582:C-Class amphibian and reptile articles
1552:Knowledge (XXG) level-5 vital articles
1393:I am confused about the references to
1353:The third paragraph of the lede says:
742:modern cladistics. Is this correct?
7:
250:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Animals
101:WikiProject Amphibians and Reptiles
49:It is of interest to the following
1562:Start-Class level-5 vital articles
737:Are amniotes a polyphyletic group?
456:Science collaboration of the month
240:. For more information, visit the
144:project-independent quality rating
14:
1493:Tetrapod#Modern_Amphibian_Origins
1338:Template talk:Taxonomy/Teleostomi
491:The urinary bladder and allantois
464:WikiProject Animals Collaboration
325:
208:
198:
177:
86:
62:
29:
20:
1607:High-importance animal articles
645:The Taxonomy section shows the
270:This article has been rated as
156:This article has been rated as
1472:would be a nice improvement.
1455:Recent minor edit to cladogram
974:have four legs and lay eggs?
918:19:59, 10 September 2009 (UTC)
833:00:05, 15 September 2010 (UTC)
128:amphibian and reptile articles
1:
1336:Please see the discussion at
1326:08:19, 6 September 2010 (UTC)
1297:14:07, 5 September 2010 (UTC)
1057:Re: Response to "Tetrapodal?"
956:14:01, 5 September 2010 (UTC)
881:21:40, 14 November 2008 (UTC)
711:http://www.tolweb.org/Amniota
641:Problem with Taxonomy section
374:Tool use by non-human animals
1612:WikiProject Animals articles
933:02:18, 28 January 2012 (UTC)
678:23:01, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
668:22:55, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
253:Template:WikiProject Animals
1602:Start-Class animal articles
1509:04:01, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
1485:03:33, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
1094:Phylogenetic classification
1077:22:08, 15 August 2013 (UTC)
850:10:08, 14 August 2020 (UTC)
629:03:09, 20 August 2006 (UTC)
615:11:11, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
589:23:53, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
576:21:58, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
554:22:01, 17 August 2006 (UTC)
1628:
1547:Start-Class vital articles
1423:07:53, 9 August 2020 (UTC)
1407:21:30, 8 August 2020 (UTC)
942:Response to "Tetrapodal?"
898:09:48, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
842:Kniva Keisarabani the Goth
778:09:46, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
758:15:26, 29 March 2008 (UTC)
684:No phylogram of amniotes?!
536:13:55, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
276:project's importance scale
162:project's importance scale
1367:04:30, 7 March 2015 (UTC)
1210:22:07, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
1192:18:56, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
1176:17:06, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
1147:22:06, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
1132:18:51, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
1109:16:26, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
1032:12:11, 6 April 2014 (UTC)
869:Phthinosuchusisanancestor
812:16:13, 9 March 2010 (UTC)
688:Erm, we need one. Badly.
460:Article Improvement Drive
432:GLAM/ARKive donated texts
358:GLAM/ARKive donated texts
282:
269:
193:
155:
141:
81:
57:
1449:22:22, 6 June 2022 (UTC)
1383:20:43, 22 May 2015 (UTC)
990:19:06, 18 May 2012 (UTC)
728:14:49, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
704:14:45, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
649:Synasida containing the
1501:I heard you like clades
1461:I heard you like clades
1271:07:09, 4 May 2011 (UTC)
516:proposed image change =
226:is within the scope of
119:Amphibians and Reptiles
70:Amphibians and Reptiles
390:(a species in family
116:for more information.
43:on Knowledge (XXG)'s
36:level-5 vital article
1310:mammal-like reptiles
287:WikiProject Animals
856:Problems with links
229:WikiProject Animals
1527:as I've done with
1464:image so that the
1343:Bob the WikipediaN
453:Nominate and vote:
422:Zaniolepis frenata
387:Sphaerium beckmani
45:content assessment
1435:comment added by
1067:comment added by
980:comment added by
884:
867:comment added by
815:
798:comment added by
760:
748:comment added by
722:
698:
538:
526:comment added by
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
172:
171:
168:
167:
1619:
1526:
1520:
1466:Archosauriformes
1451:
1421:
1344:
1289:Ronald Van Heest
1079:
992:
948:Ronald Van Heest
883:
861:
814:
792:
743:
720:
696:
611:
572:
329:
321:
320:
284:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
218:
213:
212:
202:
195:
194:
189:
181:
174:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
90:
83:
82:
77:
74:
66:
59:
42:
33:
32:
25:
24:
16:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1518:
1457:
1430:
1413:
1391:
1351:
1342:
1334:
1278:
1220:
1157:
1096:
1062:
975:
906:
862:
858:
793:
739:
686:
643:
609:
570:
547:
518:
493:
468:
319:
272:High-importance
256:animal articles
255:
252:
249:
246:
245:
214:
207:
188:High‑importance
187:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
75:
72:
40:
30:
12:
11:
5:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1515:
1496:
1456:
1453:
1426:
1425:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1350:
1347:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1318:Petter Bøckman
1277:
1274:
1263:Petter Bøckman
1255:labyrinthodont
1233:Reptiliomorpha
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1195:
1194:
1184:Petter Bøckman
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1124:Petter Bøckman
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1069:209.189.194.62
1059:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
996:
995:
994:
993:
982:209.33.247.203
961:
960:
959:
958:
944:
936:
935:
905:
902:
901:
900:
890:Petter Bøckman
857:
854:
853:
852:
836:
835:
819:
818:
817:
816:
781:
780:
770:Petter Bøckman
738:
735:
733:
731:
730:
685:
682:
681:
680:
642:
639:
638:
637:
636:
635:
621:
620:
619:
618:
617:
594:
593:
592:
591:
546:
543:
541:
517:
514:
492:
489:
486:
485:
482:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
467:
466:
450:
435:
426:
425:
424:
416:
414:Campocraspedon
411:Invertebrates:
408:
395:
382:Animal suicide
370:Photoperiodism
361:
352:
335:Here are some
334:
332:
330:
318:
317:
312:
307:
302:
296:
293:
292:
280:
279:
268:
262:
261:
259:
220:
219:
216:Animals portal
203:
191:
190:
182:
170:
169:
166:
165:
158:Top-importance
154:
148:
147:
140:
134:
133:
131:
91:
79:
78:
76:Top‑importance
67:
55:
54:
48:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1624:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:Temnospondyli
1256:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1218:Stem amniote?
1217:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
991:
987:
983:
979:
973:
969:
968:
967:
966:
965:
964:
963:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
943:
940:
939:
938:
937:
934:
930:
926:
925:46.27.206.188
922:
921:
920:
919:
915:
911:
910:75.118.170.35
903:
899:
895:
891:
888:It works now.
887:
886:
885:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
837:
834:
830:
826:
825:J.H.McDonnell
821:
820:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
785:
784:
783:
782:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:
761:
759:
755:
751:
750:79.179.255.83
747:
736:
734:
729:
725:
719:
715:
712:
708:
707:
706:
705:
701:
695:
691:
683:
679:
676:
672:
671:
670:
669:
666:
665:
664:Donald Albury
660:
656:
652:
648:
640:
632:
631:
630:
627:
622:
616:
613:
612:
610:Donald Albury
605:
600:
599:
598:
597:
596:
595:
590:
587:
583:
579:
578:
577:
574:
573:
571:Donald Albury
565:
561:
558:
557:
556:
555:
552:
544:
542:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
515:
513:
510:
509:
505:
502:
500:
496:
490:
465:
461:
457:
454:
451:
449:
448:Atka mackerel
445:
444:Junqueira cow
442:
440:
436:
433:
430:
427:
423:
420:
417:
415:
412:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
400:
396:
393:
389:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
368:
366:
362:
359:
356:
353:
351:
349:
345:
344:
342:
341:
340:
333:
331:
328:
323:
322:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
295:
294:
290:
286:
285:
281:
277:
273:
267:
264:
263:
260:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:
225:
224:
217:
211:
206:
204:
201:
197:
196:
192:
186:
183:
180:
176:
163:
159:
153:
150:
149:
145:
139:
136:
135:
132:
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:
97:
96:
92:
89:
85:
84:
80:
71:
68:
65:
61:
56:
52:
46:
38:
37:
27:
23:
18:
17:
1522:clade hidden
1474:
1470:
1458:
1431:— Preceding
1427:
1394:
1392:
1389:Infraclasses
1354:
1352:
1335:
1313:
1303:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1235:, including
1223:
1221:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1119:
1097:
1063:— Preceding
1056:
976:— Preceding
971:
941:
907:
859:
788:
765:
740:
732:
687:
663:
654:
650:
646:
644:
607:
581:
568:
559:
548:
545:Microphylum?
540:
528:96.70.198.37
522:— Preceding
519:
511:
506:
503:
497:
494:
452:
437:
428:
418:
410:
405:
397:
385:
363:
354:
346:
337:
336:
324:
271:
242:project page
227:
222:
221:
157:
114:project page
99:
94:
93:
51:WikiProjects
34:
904:Tetrapodal?
863:—Preceding
794:—Preceding
744:—Preceding
392:Sphaeriidae
98:is part of
41:Start-class
1541:Categories
1399:TomS TDotO
1395:Infraclass
1228:stem group
673:Fixed it.
339:Open Tasks
106:amphibians
1529:this edit
1305:Casineria
1244:Eogyrinus
1238:Seymouria
1020:Quadruped
1012:Tetrapoda
972:currently
766:Casineria
634:sentence.
39:is rated
1477:FropFrop
1445:contribs
1437:Cbinetti
1433:unsigned
1332:Taxonomy
1314:included
1250:Archeria
1202:Struvite
1168:Struvite
1139:Struvite
1101:Struvite
1065:unsigned
978:unsigned
877:contribs
865:unsigned
808:contribs
800:Struvite
796:unsigned
746:unsigned
724:contribs
709:Do-dom:
700:contribs
675:Dinoguy2
659:Synapsid
626:Dinoguy2
586:Dinoguy2
551:Dinoguy2
524:unsigned
406:Mammals:
399:Requests
378:Omnivore
348:Copyedit
110:reptiles
1415:Jts1882
1375:Zyxwv99
1359:Zyxwv99
1349:312 mya
714:Samsara
690:Samsara
661:is. --
560:Amniota
419:Fishes:
365:Improve
305:history
274:on the
247:Animals
238:zoology
234:animals
223:Amniote
185:Animals
160:on the
95:Amniote
73:C‑class
1024:holizz
439:Expand
429:Merge:
355:Merge:
47:scale.
1016:clade
1014:is a
655:Class
651:Order
647:Class
606:. --
315:purge
310:watch
289:To-do
28:This
1505:talk
1481:talk
1441:talk
1419:talk
1403:talk
1379:talk
1363:talk
1322:talk
1293:talk
1267:talk
1247:and
1206:talk
1188:talk
1172:talk
1143:talk
1128:talk
1120:very
1105:talk
1073:talk
1028:talk
986:talk
952:talk
929:talk
914:talk
894:talk
873:talk
846:talk
829:talk
804:talk
774:talk
754:talk
718:talk
694:talk
582:only
564:this
532:talk
300:edit
266:High
236:and
108:and
789:are
394:),
152:Top
1543::
1525:}}
1519:{{
1507:)
1483:)
1447:)
1443:•
1405:)
1381:)
1365:)
1324:)
1295:)
1269:)
1241:,
1208:)
1190:)
1174:)
1145:)
1130:)
1107:)
1075:)
1030:)
988:)
954:)
931:)
916:)
896:)
879:)
875:•
848:)
831:)
810:)
806:•
776:)
756:)
726:)
702:)
534:)
501:.
462:,
458:,
446:,
384:,
380:,
376:,
372:,
1503:(
1479:(
1459:@
1439:(
1417:|
1401:(
1377:(
1361:(
1320:(
1291:(
1265:(
1204:(
1186:(
1170:(
1141:(
1126:(
1103:(
1071:(
1026:(
984:(
950:(
927:(
912:(
892:(
871:(
844:(
827:(
802:(
772:(
752:(
721:•
716:(
697:•
692:(
530:(
441::
401::
367::
350::
343::
291::
278:.
244:.
164:.
138:C
53::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
