Talk:Ancient synagogues in Palestine

1993:"synagogues in the land/Land of Israel" versus "Diaspora synagogues". This was the reality, and it's sufficiently well studied. Like always, there are parallel geographies: Christian dioceses, Jewish Eretz Israel, Byzantine administrative units, regions dominated by "Greek" cities, Samaritan-majority areas in and outside Samaria, these all existed simultaneously and their boundaries never overlapped. But when discussing Jewish synagogues, the relevant point of reference is LoI. One can only discuss how Samaritan synagogues relate to this point of reference in a time when there were lots of them, and it's an interesting one, but that point hasn't even been raised yet. The official administrative provinces were mainly the two northern Palaestinas, no doubt about it, and the region is "Palestine" since 70 CE and the term is used with this meaning by the authors; that doesn't contradict in any way the connection (Jewish) synagogues - Land of Israel vs Diaspora. Fact, like the two Talmuds are a fact: one is called in Western usage the Palestinian Talmud and in Jewish usage the Jerusalem Talmud, even if it originates in the Galilee, and the other one is the Babylonian Talmud, after the main Diaspora, where it did indeed originate ("Babylonia" being yet another anachronistic term used in Judaism, but well-established and never put in doubt in the West; or on Wiki). Western scholars were early in establishing the term Palestinian Talmud, never used by Jews; opposed to that, there is no firmly established Western term "synagogues of Palestine", but there is a better established one "synagogues in the Land of Israel", because nowadays research is more advanced and local realities usually trump attempts at setting standards from outside. Except on Knowledge, where far smaller majorities can change that. There is a meaning for "Palestinian synagogue", that refers to such frequented by Palestinian Jews in the Diaspora, as opposed to Greek-speaking or other local categories of Jews. But that's something else, and a possible source of misunderstanding, although what we have here is "in Palestine", not "Palestinian", but the step is short and leads in the wrong direction. 2014:"It's more likely they use Eretz Israel in its modern fuzzy meaning" - not the good authors we care to quote. And I think you're talking in general. I'm strictly referring to "ancient synagogues in Palestine". They all date to the Roman (very few, just a handful) and Byzantine periods (almost all belong to the latter). In the context of Byzantine-period Jewish synagogues, the Jewish religious concept of where the laws of the Land of Israel apply is very clear and the boundaries don't move much, because the Jewish settlement area is not changing much. It was a matter of set theory again: where "Dan to Beersheba" overlapped with actual Jewish presence. I don't think anything in what I've written now can be contradicted. Again, it wasn't about history, "Promised Land" or anything abstract: it was about not using the fields every 7th year, being allowed or not to purchase and eat certain foods and drink certain wines, selling/leasing specific plots of land, etc., etc., so 1979:, discusses this. I'll quote from p200 (epub edition): "An additional dimension of the sages' approach to the land was the principle of the boundaries' elasticity. According to halakhic principles in rabbinic literature, the expansion of Jewish settlement brings with it an increase in the area in which people are obliged to observe priestly gifts and tithes and which is not inherently impure." And he gives examples of the boundaries shrinking too. So you are not correct about the boundaries being certain and fixed. I would say it isn't much relevant, either, since there is no reason to believe that the modern scholars we cite look to the Byzantine meaning of Eretz Israel in deciding how to organize their books. It's more likely they use Eretz Israel in its modern fuzzy meaning, which is more or less synonymous with Palestine. 1936:. What I am not sure about is how this "map" evolved during the Roman and Byzantine periods, but the vast majority of "ancient synagogues in Palestine" are post-3rd century and fit in perfectly. Of course they would use in English the term Palestine, but check out the headings of chapters, the names used for sections and categories: it's always "land of Israel" vs. "Diaspora", for good reason, based on religious laws, which created the perception and worldview of the time. There were a whole lot of commandments relevant only for the LoI. I learned now looking it up that specifically in synagogues, in LoI weding rings were to be shown, whereas in "Babylon" they were to be kept more concealed. In general, there were LoI-only laws concerning 1989:

belongs, and as long as there's a Christian congregation there, it will be part of the Church realm, period. In our case, since the halakhic definition was dependent on Jewish presence, the changes were substantial only in times of large demographic change, which essentially came as a result of war, see Babylonian conquest and result of revolts in the Roman period. No such thing in the Byzantine period. There was very little appetite among Jews to participate in Samaritan revolts, and those were the big events of the time, nothing else happened between Constantine and the Muslim conquest that would have had a serious effect on Jewish demographic patterns.

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concrete and precise than that. I'm not sure any rabbi could tell today where the exact limit was on the Golan Heights, or, as you know, historically the Galilee went up to the Litani River, but the coast has never been Jewish, so which village was "in " and which "out", maybe they know, maybe don't anymore. But there aren't all that many ancient synagogues in such places, I wouldn't worry aboout that. What I want to say: during that time, people knew the boundaries as well as a pre-modern parish priest knew what diocese he belonged to, which families belonged to his parish, and which lands belonged to which family. No more, no less.

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floor of the synagogue with such considerations. Nothing decorative about it, a boring list of places, but essential to daily life. A Muslim knew exactly where the Dar al-Islam is, a Christian knew where he's under the jurisdiction of this or that Church authority, and a Jew knew exactly where the "Eretz Israel" laws apply. And they applied according to the actual demographics of the time, so they could change. That's what I'm talking about. It's not about counting how often Hachlili uses "Palestine" in this or that article, that's irrelevant, I mentioned it just for those who don't have the time to read and understand the facts.

1868:). There is no connection whatsoever between the concept of "ancient synagogues in the Land of Israel", which only refers a) to synagogues, and b) to the time span when they flourished, i.e. between the Late Second Temple/Roman period and the Byzantine period, and modern political discussions on what the "Promised Land" encompasses or not. The term Palestine is misleading and out of place in this context, adds nothing, is quite naturally uncommon in academic literature dealing with the topic, and gives rise here to a lot of confusion and to comments like those above, including "why the Golan" etc.. You may also check the 1841:"Ancient" in English covers everything from before the modern era (19th c., probably the Egyptian invasion is the best time limit). But those can be made part of another category, say "Synagogues in Muslim-era Palestine", to include 638-1918. There are very few examples from the Early Muslim period, about the rest I'm not informed. The Crusader/Ayyubid period is probably not represented, or very little, and about the Mamluk and Early Ottoman periods we need somebody knowledgeable. In Jerusalem there are a few. 405: 384: 1822:

part of Palestine. Just check the scholarly sources in the "References": Gamla synagogue had the most seating places IN PALESTINE. Etc. The synagogues we're talking about here are precisely from these periods: the Hasmonean, Herodian, Roman and Byzantine periods. When there was a continuum of culture and habitation for Jews from Judaea, Perea, Galilee and Gaulanitis. Enough argued? Meant for Greyshark09 and anyone who mixes up politics with scholarly discussions. Cheers,

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is code for West Bank and Gaza. For me the current title doesn't work well, neither academically, nor in practical terms. Those who support it most likely do it out of a political reflex, but are paradoxically not from the camp of those much interested in dealing with historical Jewish presence in the area. So it's in a way very funny, like any paradox, and worth a permanent smile. I think I have nothing useful to add.

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contest the title: a 2-floor structure that seems to be pretty much complete to the last stone; is being reconstructed by an Israeli archaeologist who has already reached the 2nd floor level. It was found collapsed, but the "white synagogue" of Capernaum was also reconstructed by Franciscans using collapsed elements, there was almost nothing left standing when they first arrived. c) It's a silly topic to begin with.

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exact opposite of logical. Not unexpected, but still reaching a level of militant Wiki activism that puts the whole project to shame. When "struggle for the cause" (whichever cause) becomes "struggle against intelligence", Newspeak-style "War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength" patterns have been hit and we've reached Orwellian rock bottom. Good night eveybody, daylight is far away.

74: 53: 1211: 1190: 730: 189: 84: 415: 22: 1517:, the United Monarchy, the northern kingdom, AND the modern state. Sufficiently argued? Concrete case of confusion: I looked up smth. on the "Israel" page and thought I'm reading a Hamas brochure till I understood that it's an (as such almost useless) sub-page of the larger "Palestine" page, which was only mentioned at "Also see", a category easily missed by most. 510: 489: 1876:) background") to remember what the topic is about and that the definition was back then literally "set in stone". So for the time period we're dealing with here, "Land of Israel" is not just the correct and very precise term, but a highly significant one in religious practice in Judaism - and we're talking synagogues. 1598:

reformatting as a table can only enhance it, but that's how material usually makes it into articles: step by step. As it is, it's already a) up-to-date and complete, b) properly linked to WP articles, and c) useful to students and other users, which should always be our main (if not only) criterium. Cheeres,

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real official names. This is supposed to be an encyclopedia, not right-wing religious propaganda. What do you mean by "Palestine region is a Knowledge construct"? It is an ancient name of the region and has been used officially many times. Your comment about Jews and Samaritans not using Palestine is

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I can live with both solutions –without agreeing, not for uncalled-for political reasons, but for the explained ones of historical reality–, I just see myself making mistakes again and again when I'm adding or moving this or that site to/from a list in a hurry, because more often than not "Palestine"

1910:

Both Runesson and Hachlili use "Palestine" frequently in their books, though you are correct they use "Land of Israel" more often. I don't believe you are correct about "Land of Israel" having precise boundaries or that modern authors work with precise boundaries except ones they adopt for their own

1476:, among others, proves how well-aware Jews were of these borders, even if they meant economic hardship (sabbatical year obligation of harvesting the fields), and even in times when no worldly authority was around to enforce them - on the contrary, when defining oneself as Jewish led to persecution. 2369:

is a Knowledge construct. The ancient synagogues who are the very topic of this article were built by Jews and Samaritans, who have never used "Palestine" in their own liturgical and vernacular languages of the time. It's beyond illogical to remove Land of Israel and keep Palestine region: it's the

1821:

The Golan Heights were - all or partially - part of: the ancient Kingdom of Israel, Alexander Jannaeus' Hasmonean kingdom after his last campaign, Herod's kingdom, his son's Philip the Tetrarch's realm (in Jesus' time!), Syria Palaestina, Palaestina Secunda... Golan was for a looong time undisputed

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The Capernaum synagogue as "the best preserved" one: a) The older (basalt) structure is not proven to be a synagogue, and is anything but well-preserved. The comment only refers to the 4th-century "white synagogue", which is not made clear. b) The 2012 comment is outdated. Umm el-Kanatir can easily

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is sensational because it shows exactly how these theological discussions were mirrored into concrete, exact lists of villages & towns and down to specific plots of land, where one was subject of the LoI law and where not, enough so as to lay a huge inscription (29 lines of dense text!) on the

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apply. It mainly had to do with actual area of Jewish settlement. If you had to give up on your harvest every 7th year, or pay certain substantial tithes and taxes, you'd want to know exactly where you belong. Samaritan areas, the Arava/Arabah, parts of the Phoenician coast which are now in modern

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is a lost case, utterly abandoned, incomplete, and I dare say, useless, since the "politically correct" camp disconnected it from its logical & archaeological context - leaving us now with this article instead. I linked that article by hattag or what it's called to this, and that's all one can

1597:

I introduced the following sub-paragraph, and Debresser removed it for formal reasons (not discussed on talk-page). I am convinced - no, I know - this info is needed and useful, so I place it here so it can be reintroduced by whoever as soon as the opposition to it ceases. Of course, reference and

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The problem is that these synagogues were all built by Jews and Samaritans in ancient Judaea (kingdom or province), after 135 renamed Provincia Palaestina, and in English the established way to call the region is Palestine. This has nothing to do with the Arab Palestinians and their struggle, but

1988:

Wait. We're saying the same. The comparison with the "parish", to use Christian terms, is a very good one. It can be dissolved, it can be merged, it can be moved to another bishopric, so yes, it evolves with time (see my example with Maresha). But at the given time, people know very well where it

1959:

Levant would include far too much. The Jewish synagogue at Dura Europos is in the Levant, but very far from the LoI. The same goes for Cyprus, to show you how far that would stray away. No, it has nothing to do with modern definitions of historical or archaeological regions. It was far, far more

1992:

But this conversation between two non-specialists is a bit funny. Yes, I do believe that we shouldn't make decisions if we're not familiar with the basic facts. But we can and should use as a guide those who do know the topic in and out, and they clearly and consistently use the two categories,

2018:

numerous and relevant day to day issues. Nobody could be fuzzy about that. And researchers have a good idea where the boundaries were. Also, the Talmud was put to paper in that time span, it was available to local rabbis who applied the verdicts to their immediate area. The issue I don't know

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You also seem to misunderstand the difference between country and (modern) state. Countries or lands can have various names at any point in history; only modern states have official names defined by law. You cannot remove a valid, relevant name relating to certain historical periods (mainly

1486:

Migdal/Magdala: Magdala is the Aramaic name, which was in use at the time when the synagogue was built. It is also how the most recognisable name associated with it came to be: Mary Magdalene = Mary of Magdala. So adding it makes perfect sense. FYI: Migdal (Hebr.), Magdala (Aramaic),

2220:

Wait. What you're saying doesn't make sense: "The article has been protected for a week", but "The protection occurred at 02:10, 31 May"? That's the shortest week in calendaristic history. Here at Houston we have June 1. Don't know about Alpha Centauri. What am I missing here?

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Look, sorry, you helped out where I didn't know how, technically speaking. All I care for here is not being spammed daily by email alarms about vandalism on this page, which should be a boring, detail-oriented one dealing with some ancient ruins, most of them unspectacular.

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The leading authors in the field wouldn't even consider a different term and regularly split their works in chapters about "The Land of Israel" and "The Diaspora" - see for instance A. Runesson, D. Binder, B. Olsson (BRILL, 2008),

1927:, hi. Please check what I have indicated. There was an extremely clear concept during the Byzantine period regarding which areas are considered to be "land of Israel" under the relevant aspect, i.e.: where do the laws of the 2103:

writing nowadays about ancient synagogues "in Palestine", while many of them are Jewish historical treasures and within Israel proper, rubs many people the wrong way. No surprise there, but we discussed it and here we are.

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Israel, the area of Maresha (lost to the Idumeans after the Babylonian conquest) are clear examples of territories previously part of the Israelite kingdoms, but not part of the halakhical territory of the land of Israel

2050:

I still believe in what I wrote here-above (see last posting, from 5 Dec 2021), but once we have agreed on a definition, as long as it stands, it should be protected. Who can put in the proper protection? Thanks.

2254:, I meant that it was protected for a week starting from 02:10, 31 May. That means that the protection will expire at 02:10, 7 June, one week after the protection began. Hopefully it'll be clearer looking at the 2454:

the question is how these synagogues are referenced in academic literature. Since we're discussing ancient Jewish civilization, it perhaps only logical to also feature the historical Jewish term for the region.

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Ever since biblical times there were disputes about where the boundaries of Eretz Israel were. The Rehov inscription is only one definition and even that is vague for much of the border. Eyal Ben-Eliyahu

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discovered so far and interpreted by some as Second Temple Period synagogues. The list is set up in a tentatively chronological order according to the excavators' estimate of the time of construction.

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anything about is how to cover the Samaritan synagogues under the same title, that is indeed a hole in my argument. Maybe others have an answer to that, but I won't start reading on that topic now.

1758:-- structure excavated in 1991 by the late Alexander Onn, who dated it to early 1st century-31 BCE; insufficiently published, some claim the "case evaporated" and the "claim should be withdrawn" 2434:

We have editors, activist editors, and militant activist editors. They all serve a purpose at Wiki, but activism and militance have limited use when it comes to fields such as ancient history.

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My problem is with the "in Palestine" part of some of these synagogues. Is Masada in Palestine, or Capernaum, or Tel Rechesh, Chorazin or Qumran? Capernaum, Chorazin and Masada are already in

997: 913: 2339:. I am not aware of other synagogue remains in Jordan, but given the fact that the Hasmoneans and Herod ruled over parts of Transjordan, I'd be surprised if Gerasa were the only place. 2496: 235: 1483:"Gamla - oldest known Palestinian synagogue": maybe as of 2012, but outdated by now - see Modi'in's Kh. Umm el-Umdan, dated to the end of the 2nd c. - beginning of the 1st c. BCE. 1453:

Why a distinct paragraph about "Second Temple Period synagogues". The pre-/post- 70 CE distinction is essential. Pre-70 CE synagogues are of high interest to both Jews (before

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I updated the list and added sources. I added an intro regarding the fact that Second Temple period synagogues served a different purpose than those in use after 70 CE.

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had a relatively large Jewish community whose synagogue was confiscated in the 6th c. and transformed into a church. Its mosaic floor is well documented, see

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in the context of ancient synagogues because synagogues are, by definition, places of religious activity, and in Judaism the religious activities within the

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So, can we do the right thing and forget for once about "The Conflict" (still not enough capital letters...) when dealing with topics 1.5-2 millennia old?

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Protected? Doesn't seem to work, not really. Maybe there would have been more vandalism without, that I can't know. But there still is plenty.

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It is a template that adds a little lock icon in the top right corner when a page is protected. The article has been protected for a week.

647: 328: 202: 163: 1494:& Co. The Wadi is long, the site's name is Tulul Abu el-Alayiq, period. There are many sites in Wadi Qelt, which are not at Alayiq. 1023: 2506: 428: 389: 106: 2481: 937: 752: 517: 494: 1911:

convenience (Golan?? Hauran??). The same is true of "Palestine", of course. Personally I'd prefer a more vague term like "Levant".

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This article has previously been nominated to be moved. Please review the prior discussions if you are considering re-nomination.

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I have also no problem with clarifying that Gamla is not the oldest any more, but only if you find a reliable source for that.

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clearly defined borders of the "Land of Israel" are radically different from those outside these borders. The Byzantine-era

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I made a larger edit today, which was surprisingly contested and almost entirely reverted by my dear colleague Debresser.

97: 58: 2153:. I'm not familiar with {{pp-semi|small=yes}}. I guess it's not related to the protection request, or is it? Thank you. 1798: 1766: 1560: 1506: 1498: 1091: 845: 743: 704: 33: 2393:"Land of Israel". Saying "Land of Israel" is the exact same thing as saying "Promised Land" or "Holy land". These were 1869: 983: 907: 1322: 105:-related articles on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join 2451: 2399: 2336: 1665:(aka Qyriat Sefer) -- 1st century BCE -- less published than Umm el-Umdan (Modi'in) site; near modern Modi'in, 1226:

related articles on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

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they only served as place of reading the Bible, not for prayer), and Christians (Jesus preached in many of them).

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had the official name "Land of Israel", it is a biblical name. When these synagogues were built, the name was

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Byzantine, but also Late Hellenistic and Roman) because you personally dislike its modern-day connotations.

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Adding "Tulul Abu el-Alayiq" to "Wadi Qelt": That's how it's known from those who discovered it, i.e.

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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

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on Knowledge. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

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Synagogues are a religious institution in Judaism and Samaritanism, where the "Land of Israel",

1501:: WHO can really be bothered by this?!! OK, and beyond that: Making a clear distinction between 1540:

is also linked, and more details can be found in that article. No problems with the see also's.

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is more than needed. Israel is shorthand for Jacob, the children of Israel, the

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Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran

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Location -- Built; in use till -- Discovered by -- Comments/reservations

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lay your worries to rest? I simply implemented the same solution as here on

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The Golan WAS, in the relevant period, part of the Palestine region

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Basic Law proposal: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People

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I'll try to be as clear as possible. When I said that the article

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Sacred Realm: The Emergence of the Synagogue in the Ancient World

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The Ancient Synagogue from its Origins to 200 C.E.: A Sourcebook

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Today I've lost it, far too many words, the breaks went loose.

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What about Early Muslim to Mamluk or even Early Ottoman sites?

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Debresser: "Palestine" is clearly defined here in the lead as

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Added"refers to the modern State of Israel" next to the link

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It went on today. Is there nobody who can take care of it?

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Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Land of Israel

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What about "Ancient synagogues in the Land of Israel"?

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Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2005

747:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 521:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 432:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 206:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 101:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 1532:To start with the easy replies: The article is at 998:Articles needing translation from Hebrew Knowledge 1866:Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism 1505:and in the scope of the two pages dealing with 1344: 313:, a project to improve Knowledge's articles on 2497:Low-importance Jewish history-related articles 1693:-- between 50 BCE-100 CE -- discovered 2009 1617:Here is a list of all the structures from the 1423:This page has archives. Sections older than 8: 1305:Ancient synagogues in the State of Palestine 1085:Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries 2416:means and when it was used & by whom. 1184: 1015:Israel articles missing geocoordinate data 899:WikiProject Israel Palestine Collaboration 860:Unknown-importance Israel-related articles 840:Here are some tasks awaiting attention: 794: 693: 572: 483: 378: 257: 152: 47: 2577:Low-importance Ancient Near East articles 2547:Mid-importance Palestine-related articles 1341:Ancient synagogues in Palestine (region)? 1100:Knowledge requested photographs in Israel 2582:Ancient Near East articles by assessment 2117:The place to request page protection is 2492:C-Class Jewish history-related articles 2206:, so it wasn't in place prior to that. 1236:Knowledge:WikiProject Ancient Near East 1186: 695: 574: 485: 380: 259: 154: 49: 19: 2562:Low-importance Israel-related articles 2251: 1433:when more than 8 sections are present. 1359:Ancient synagogues in Palestine region 1239:Template:WikiProject Ancient Near East 642:, where you can add your name to the 7: 2527:Mid-importance Architecture articles 2047:Lots of anonymous vandalism lately. 1888:, or Rachel Hachlili (BRILL, 1988), 1216:This article is within the scope of 741:This article is within the scope of 620:This article is within the scope of 515:This article is within the scope of 426:This article is within the scope of 305:This article is within the scope of 220:Knowledge:WikiProject Jewish history 200:This article is within the scope of 95:This article is within the scope of 2537:Mid-importance Archaeology articles 2502:WikiProject Jewish history articles 1593:2nd Temple Period Syn.: list needed 1450:Here are my arguments, one by one. 929:WikiProject Deletion sorting/Israel 223:Template:WikiProject Jewish history 38:It is of interest to the following 2572:C-Class Ancient Near East articles 2542:C-Class Palestine-related articles 1070:Knowledge requested maps in Israel 854:Unassessed Israel-related articles 638:on Knowledge. Join us by visiting 446:Knowledge:WikiProject Architecture 14: 2296:That's a form of protection, no? 1793:, which is about the same as the 1703:(1st century CE) -- contains a 1427:may be automatically archived by 1049:Israel articles needing attention 1032:Israel articles needing infoboxes 535:Knowledge:WikiProject Archaeology 449:Template:WikiProject Architecture 2512:Low-importance Religion articles 1645:); destroyed by earthquake -- 1377: 1281: 1209: 1188: 875:Cleanup listing for this project 831: 728: 718: 697: 646:where you can contribute to the 607: 597: 576: 538:Template:WikiProject Archaeology 508: 487: 413: 403: 382: 292: 282: 261: 187: 177: 156: 82: 72: 51: 20: 2557:C-Class Israel-related articles 2487:Low-importance Judaism articles 2354:Land of Israel/Palestine region 1613:Second Temple Period synagogues 1511:Ancient synagogues in Palestine 1355:Ancient synagogues in Palestine 1337:Ancient synagogues in Palestine 1319:Ancient synagogues in Palestine 1301:Ancient synagogues in Palestine 1256:This article has been rated as 1065:Module:Location map/data/Israel 781:This article has been rated as 676:This article has been rated as 656:Knowledge:WikiProject Palestine 555:This article has been rated as 466:This article has been rated as 361:This article has been rated as 240:This article has been rated as 226:Jewish history-related articles 135:This article has been rated as 2552:WikiProject Palestine articles 1699:-- Herod? (1st century BCE); 1487:al-Majdal/el-Mejdel (Arabic). 1323:Ancient Palestinian synagogues 1012:Add geographic coordinates to 926:Participate in discussions at 659:Template:WikiProject Palestine 341:Knowledge:WikiProject Religion 1: 2522:C-Class Architecture articles 2517:WikiProject Religion articles 2252:has been protected for a week 1851:17:13, 7 September 2020 (UTC) 1832:19:01, 12 December 2019 (UTC) 1230:and see a list of open tasks. 1219:WikiProject Ancient Near East 755:and see a list of open tasks. 529:and see a list of open tasks. 440:and see a list of open tasks. 344:Template:WikiProject Religion 214:and see a list of open tasks. 115:Knowledge:WikiProject Judaism 109:and see a list of open tasks. 2532:C-Class Archaeology articles 2282:: Well, semi-protected. — 2043:Vandalism: protection needed 2029:01:50, 5 December 2021 (UTC) 2007:13:39, 4 December 2021 (UTC) 1984:10:26, 4 December 2021 (UTC) 1970:04:16, 4 December 2021 (UTC) 1955:03:56, 4 December 2021 (UTC) 1916:01:09, 4 December 2021 (UTC) 1905:17:24, 3 December 2021 (UTC) 1799:Ancient synagogues in Israel 1767:Ancient synagogues in Israel 1639:Tulul Abu el-Alayiq, Jericho 1561:Ancient synagogues in Israel 1507:Ancient synagogues in Israel 1499:Ancient synagogues in Israel 1443:2nd Temple period synagogues 1097:Add pictures to articles in 761:Knowledge:WikiProject Israel 118:Template:WikiProject Judaism 2567:WikiProject Israel articles 1870:Rehov synagogue inscription 984:Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu 764:Template:WikiProject Israel 2598: 2337:Synagogue-Church at Gerasa 1779:16:05, 19 March 2017 (UTC) 1608:06:24, 19 March 2017 (UTC) 1262:project's importance scale 1242:Ancient Near East articles 1067:. Add maps to articles in 948:Diamond industry in Israel 787:project's importance scale 682:project's importance scale 662:Palestine-related articles 561:project's importance scale 472:project's importance scale 367:project's importance scale 246:project's importance scale 203:WikiProject Jewish history 141:project's importance scale 2507:C-Class Religion articles 2444:15:54, 30 June 2024 (UTC) 2426:15:33, 30 June 2024 (UTC) 2408:04:49, 20 June 2024 (UTC) 2380:23:00, 19 June 2024 (UTC) 2200:occurred at 02:10, 31 May 1587:19:14, 1 March 2017 (UTC) 1573:19:14, 1 March 2017 (UTC) 1552:19:09, 1 March 2017 (UTC) 1527:18:36, 1 March 2017 (UTC) 1255: 1204: 793: 780: 713: 675: 592: 554: 503: 465: 398: 360: 277: 239: 172: 134: 67: 46: 2482:C-Class Judaism articles 2465:05:32, 4 July 2024 (UTC) 2349:02:12, 6 June 2024 (UTC) 2306:15:26, 31 May 2024 (UTC) 2292:15:05, 31 May 2024 (UTC) 2268:22:20, 31 May 2024 (UTC) 2246:22:03, 31 May 2024 (UTC) 2231:21:51, 31 May 2024 (UTC) 2216:15:26, 31 May 2024 (UTC) 2194:12:37, 31 May 2024 (UTC) 2177:12:32, 31 May 2024 (UTC) 2163:09:47, 31 May 2024 (UTC) 2145:21:33, 30 May 2024 (UTC) 2131:20:37, 30 May 2024 (UTC) 2113:15:19, 30 May 2024 (UTC) 2098:15:07, 30 May 2024 (UTC) 2076:15:04, 30 May 2024 (UTC) 2061:10:28, 29 May 2024 (UTC) 1812:14:13, 4 July 2018 (UTC) 1727:/Tell el-Mukharkhash in 1672:Wadi Hamam (Nahal Arbel) 1007:Geographical coordinates 429:WikiProject Architecture 331:standards, or visit the 2328:What about Transjordan? 1934:in the Byzantine period 1629:Umm el-Umdan at Modi'in 976:Public Defence (Israel) 877:is available. See also 767:Israel-related articles 518:WikiProject Archaeology 1977:Identity and Territory 28:This article is rated 2452:Supreme Deliciousness 2400:Supreme Deliciousness 2398:original research. -- 1739:-- Also suggested -- 1655:-- 1st century BCE ( 1353:, 15 June 2016, from 798:Project Israel To Do: 623:WikiProject Palestine 452:Architecture articles 1667:Ascent of Beth-Horon 1335:, 4 June 2016, from 1317:, 1 June 2016, from 883:the tool's wiki page 879:the list by category 541:Archaeology articles 309:WikiProject Religion 1635:Wadi Qelt Synagogue 1538:Wadi Qelt Synagogue 1299:, 3 May 2016, from 1147:Translate to Hebrew 421:Architecture portal 98:WikiProject Judaism 1791:Palestine (region) 1459:Yohanan ben Zakkai 1063:See discussion at 744:WikiProject Israel 636:State of Palestine 632:Palestinian people 321:assess and improve 34:content assessment 2412:Please read what 2204:isn't pre-emptive 1872:(section "Legal ( 1733:Bar Kochba revolt 1437: 1436: 1371: 1370: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1267: 1233:Ancient Near East 1224:Ancient Near East 1196:Ancient Near East 1183: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1170: 1029:Add infoboxes to 992:Pre-Modern Aliyah 964:Sephardic Haredim 692: 691: 688: 687: 571: 570: 567: 566: 482: 481: 478: 477: 377: 376: 373: 372: 347:Religion articles 335:for more details. 256: 255: 252: 251: 151: 150: 147: 146: 2589: 2367:Palestine region 2290: 1926: 1659:) -- contested 1534:Migdal Synagogue 1464:I used the term 1432: 1416: 1381: 1373: 1285: 1284: 1278: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1213: 1206: 1205: 1200: 1192: 1185: 980:Prisoner of Zion 921:Deletion sorting 835: 828: 827: 795: 769: 768: 765: 762: 759: 738: 733: 732: 731: 722: 715: 714: 709: 701: 694: 664: 663: 660: 657: 654: 640:the project page 617: 615:Palestine portal 612: 611: 610: 601: 594: 593: 588: 580: 573: 543: 542: 539: 536: 533: 512: 505: 504: 499: 491: 484: 454: 453: 450: 447: 444: 423: 418: 417: 407: 400: 399: 394: 386: 379: 349: 348: 345: 342: 339: 333:wikiproject page 302: 297: 296: 286: 279: 278: 273: 265: 258: 228: 227: 224: 221: 218: 197: 192: 191: 190: 181: 174: 173: 168: 160: 153: 123: 122: 121:Judaism articles 119: 116: 113: 92: 87: 86: 85: 76: 69: 68: 63: 55: 48: 31: 25: 24: 16: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2472: 2471: 2356: 2330: 2283: 2256:article history 2198:The protection 2045: 1920: 1858: 1839: 1819: 1641:-- 50–70 BCE ( 1615: 1595: 1503:State of Israel 1474:mosaic of Rehob 1445: 1428: 1417: 1411: 1386: 1282: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1198: 1167: 1152:David Bar-Hayim 960:Rami Kleinstein 944:Ayala Procaccia 896:Participate in 826: 766: 763: 760: 757: 756: 734: 729: 727: 707: 661: 658: 655: 652: 651: 644:list of members 613: 608: 606: 586: 540: 537: 534: 531: 530: 497: 451: 448: 445: 442: 441: 419: 412: 392: 346: 343: 340: 337: 336: 300:Religion portal 298: 291: 271: 225: 222: 219: 216: 215: 193: 188: 186: 166: 120: 117: 114: 111: 110: 88: 83: 81: 61: 32:on Knowledge's 29: 12: 11: 5: 2595: 2593: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2474: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2467: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2432: 2363:Land of Israel 2355: 2352: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2308: 2276: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2233: 2182: 2135:Thanks. 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1714:triclinium 1363:discussion 1345:discussion 1327:discussion 1309:discussion 1160:Guy Oseary 952:Edna Arbel 2457:Mariamnei 1771:Debresser 1719:Capernaum 1643:Hasmonean 1579:Debresser 1565:Debresser 1556:Does this 1544:Debresser 1351:Not moved 1315:Not moved 1297:Not moved 1156:Guy Bavli 995:See also 851:Rate the 653:Palestine 628:Palestine 584:Palestine 2436:Arminden 2418:Arminden 2372:Arminden 2341:Arminden 2238:Arminden 2223:Arminden 2186:Arminden 2155:Arminden 2137:Arminden 2105:Arminden 2090:Arminden 2068:Arminden 2053:Arminden 2021:Arminden 1999:Arminden 1962:Arminden 1947:Arminden 1923:Zero0000 1897:Arminden 1874:halakhic 1843:Arminden 1824:Arminden 1804:Arminden 1750:Chorazin 1710:Herodium 1657:Herodian 1600:Arminden 1519:Arminden 1425:365 days 1384:Archives 1041:Maintain 908:Copyedit 634:and the 338:Religion 316:Religion 269:Religion 2361:, lit. 2123:Diannaa 2119:WP:RFPP 2086:Jeff G. 2082:Diannaa 1929:halakha 1756:Shuafat 1705:genizah 1701:Zealots 1260:on the 1024:Infobox 869:Cleanup 812:history 785:on the 680:on the 559:on the 470:on the 365:on the 244:on the 139:on the 112:Judaism 103:Judaism 59:Judaism 30:C-class 2333:Gerasa 2298:Sdrqaz 2280:Sdrqaz 2260:Sdrqaz 2208:Sdrqaz 2169:Sdrqaz 2151:Sdrqaz 1938:shmita 1744:Qumran 1697:Masada 1685:Silwan 1455:Yavneh 1361:, see 1343:, see 1325:, see 1307:, see 1158:, and 1126:Update 938:Expand 846:Assess 758:Israel 749:Israel 705:Israel 36:scale. 2395:never 2391:never 2387:never 2121:. — 2084:, hi 1653:Gamla 1393:Index 1138:Other 1109:Stubs 1092:Photo 822:purge 817:watch 2461:talk 2440:talk 2422:talk 2404:talk 2376:talk 2345:talk 2302:talk 2288:G. ツ 2285:Jeff 2264:talk 2242:talk 2227:talk 2212:talk 2190:talk 2173:talk 2159:talk 2141:talk 2127:talk 2109:talk 2094:talk 2072:talk 2057:talk 2025:talk 2016:very 2003:talk 1981:Zero 1966:talk 1951:talk 1913:Zero 1901:talk 1847:talk 1828:talk 1808:talk 1802:do. 1775:talk 1731:-- 1604:talk 1583:talk 1569:talk 1548:talk 1523:talk 1509:and 1457:and 1114:See 1079:NPOV 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