473:
489:
84:
74:
53:
505:
22:
358:
645:
430:
419:
408:
397:
676:
555:
179:
534:
158:
298:
263:
189:
386:
814:
The statement, made on etymological grounds by
Spenser ( State of Irel. 640/1, Globe ed.), that the ‘galloglasses’ were originally English mercenaries, seems doubtful; gall is used of foreigners or strangers generally, and, although mainly applied to the English in Spenser's day, may not have been so
810:
Etymology: < Irish and Gaelic gall-óglách, < gall foreigner, stranger + óglách youth, servant, warrior. The etymologically correct form galloglagh appears later than the erroneous galloglass, which was probably the result of the plural gallogla(gh)s; in some early instances galloglas seems to
754:
Wouldn't it be nice if some
Knowledge (XXG) had some references? I found a reference for the Dürer sketch at least. It seems Dürer made it in Antwerp, along with some other studies of "foreign peoples". It was long not recognized as such, and was instead taken to be a sketch of carnival costumes.
882:
The OED examples are mixed, so I don't see an objection to your edit. Gallowglass is good as a collective noun where the writer thinks it appropriate. In certain sentences gallowglasses doesn't sound good - the reader may tend to confuse the significance with the plural of
English "glass".-Shtove
788:
However, the origin of a term has nothing to do with how its use develops in
English. The Oxford English Dictionary presents various examples of the word's use in English, most of which use "Gallowglasses" (or a phonetic variant) as the plural form - and states definitively:
666:
496:
277:
806:
Forms: α. 15 galloglas(se, galoglas, galloweglass, gallyglasse, 16 galli(n)glass(e, ( gallowgross), 18 gallaglass, 15–16, 18 galloglass, gallowglass. β. 15 galloglogh, 16 gallegalagh, 16, 18 galloglagh, 17–18 galloglach.(Show Less)
480:
273:
833:
1540 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) III. 169 The saide Cahir shall pay yerely..the tributes and summes of mony, with refeccions and sustencions of all the galloglasses, as was accustumed to be payed by his auncetours.
864:
Since "gallowglasses" follows the regular plural form in
English, and since that usage is attested to by the Oxford English Dictionary, I propose that the article be edited to use "gallowglasses" as the plural form.
512:
281:
971:
617:
921:
235:
966:
906:
593:
951:
916:
941:
755:
Unfortunately, we do not know more about the origin of this image. Dürer says the two figures on the left are Irish mercenaries, while the three on the right are Irish peasants.
861:
1848–51 J. O'Donovan tr. Ann. Four
Masters (1856) I. 119 (note) , The bands of kernes and galloglaghs or gallowglasses, supported by the Irish chieftains of the later ages.
732:
371:
348:
310:
245:
946:
936:
627:
589:
563:
539:
981:
722:
357:
926:
986:
976:
830:
c1538 R. Cowley in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 96 Which bere all the burdon of the chargis of holding horse~men, galloglas and kerne.
837:
1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande viii. f. 28/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I, The fourth degre is a galloglasse, vsing a kind of pollax for his weapon.
698:
211:
961:
849:
1875 J. R. Lowell
Spenser in Prose Wks. (1890) IV. 296 In October the wild kerns and gallowglasses rose in no mood for sparing the house of Pindarus.
785:
The article states that "this article assumes that the singular and plural terms are both "gallowglass", as the
English term comes from an Irish plural."
140:
956:
931:
338:
689:
650:
305:
268:
202:
163:
901:
130:
843:
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 147 Souldiours set in the rere gard, whom they terme
Galloglasses, who fight with most keene hatchets.
858:
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 172 Fennyngher O-Conghir slew Cale-Rothe and with him of
Galloglahes and others about three hundred.
840:
c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 7 The Galloglass are pycked and scelected men of great and mightie bodies, crewell without compassion.
911:
896:
314:
106:
97:
58:
33:
792:"in some early instances galloglas seems to be used as a plural, but galloglasses is found already in our earliest quot."
872:
572:
568:
472:
39:
21:
681:
309:. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the project and see a
194:
697:
on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
210:
on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
105:
on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join
795:
824:α. c1515 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 5, 500 sperys 500 galloglasseis, and 1000 kerne.
868:
771:
694:
588:
If you would like to participate, you can edit the article attached to this page, or visit the
575:
207:
821:
1. One of a particular class of soldiers or retainers formerly maintained by Irish chiefs.
855:
1534 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 185, 10 scor spearys, callid gallogloghis.
767:
488:
89:
890:
583:
766:, so I do imagine we would find at least some passing mention of gallowglass? --
579:
504:
671:
184:
79:
73:
52:
846:
1815 Scott Lord of Isles i. viii. 15 Loud shouts each hardy galla-glass.
811:
be used as a plural, but galloglasses is found already in our earliest quot.
665:
644:
827:
1520 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 46, 18 baners of galoglas.
102:
876:
775:
554:
533:
297:
262:
178:
157:
796:
http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/76340?redirectedFrom=gallowglass#eid
15:
503:
487:
471:
356:
592:, where you can join the project and/or contribute to the
762:
sources on this? The image file is a scan from Osprey's
815:
restricted at the time when the compound was formed.
602:
Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Norse history and culture
693:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
369:
This article has been checked against the following
206:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
101:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of
454:
368:
972:Mid-importance Norse history and culture articles
922:Low-importance Northern Ireland-related articles
967:Start-Class Norse history and culture articles
907:Start-Class Ireland articles of Low-importance
605:Template:WikiProject Norse history and culture
952:European military history task force articles
917:Start-Class Northern Ireland-related articles
8:
942:British military history task force articles
707:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Scottish Islands
323:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Military history
220:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Northern Ireland
758:As for the article, come on, there must be
19:
947:C-Class European military history articles
639:
582:and abroad, prior to the formation of the
528:
451:
365:
257:
152:
47:
937:C-Class British military history articles
982:Mid-importance Scottish Islands articles
303:This article is within the scope of the
641:
530:
259:
154:
49:
927:All WikiProject Northern Ireland pages
313:. To use this banner, please see the
987:WikiProject Scottish Islands articles
977:Start-Class Scottish Islands articles
803:Pronunciation: /ˈɡæləɡlɑːs/ /-ɡlæs/
710:Template:WikiProject Scottish Islands
564:WikiProject Norse history and culture
326:Template:WikiProject Military history
223:Template:WikiProject Northern Ireland
7:
962:Medieval warfare task force articles
687:This article is within the scope of
561:This article is within the scope of
497:European military history task force
200:This article is within the scope of
95:This article is within the scope of
481:British military history task force
115:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Ireland
38:It is of interest to the following
608:Norse history and culture articles
14:
957:C-Class Medieval warfare articles
932:C-Class military history articles
571:related to all activities of the
226:Northern Ireland-related articles
674:
664:
643:
553:
532:
428:
417:
406:
395:
384:
296:
261:
187:
177:
156:
82:
72:
51:
20:
902:Low-importance Ireland articles
727:This article has been rated as
622:This article has been rated as
343:This article has been rated as
240:This article has been rated as
135:This article has been rated as
1:
912:All WikiProject Ireland pages
701:and see a list of open tasks.
214:and see a list of open tasks.
109:and see a list of open tasks.
897:Start-Class Ireland articles
776:20:48, 2 December 2011 (UTC)
690:WikiProject Scottish Islands
306:Military history WikiProject
203:WikiProject Northern Ireland
118:Template:WikiProject Ireland
513:Medieval warfare task force
1003:
877:00:55, 24 April 2014 (UTC)
733:project's importance scale
628:project's importance scale
389:Referencing and citation:
246:project's importance scale
141:project's importance scale
764:The Irish Wars, 1485-1603
726:
713:Scottish Islands articles
659:
621:
599:Norse history and culture
548:
540:Norse history and culture
511:
495:
479:
450:
342:
329:military history articles
291:
239:
172:
134:
67:
46:
883:21:28, 5 July 2014 (UTC)
682:Scottish islands portal
455:Associated task forces:
400:Coverage and accuracy:
195:Northern Ireland portal
508:
492:
476:
433:Supporting materials:
361:
28:This article is rated
507:
491:
475:
360:
32:on Knowledge (XXG)'s
695:islands in Scotland
422:Grammar and style:
375:for B-class status:
98:WikiProject Ireland
515:(c. 500 – c. 1500)
509:
493:
477:
362:
311:list of open tasks
34:content assessment
774:
747:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
638:
637:
634:
633:
527:
526:
523:
522:
519:
518:
446:
445:
391:criterion not met
347:on the project's
315:full instructions
256:
255:
252:
251:
151:
150:
147:
146:
994:
818:Obs. exc. Hist.
770:
715:
714:
711:
708:
705:
704:Scottish Islands
684:
679:
678:
677:
668:
661:
660:
655:
651:Scottish Islands
647:
640:
610:
609:
606:
603:
600:
576:Germanic peoples
557:
550:
549:
544:
536:
529:
462:
452:
436:
432:
431:
425:
421:
420:
414:
410:
409:
403:
399:
398:
392:
388:
387:
366:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
320:Military history
300:
293:
292:
287:
284:
269:Military history
265:
258:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:Northern Ireland
208:Northern Ireland
197:
192:
191:
190:
181:
174:
173:
168:
164:Northern Ireland
160:
153:
123:
122:
121:Ireland articles
119:
116:
113:
92:
87:
86:
85:
76:
69:
68:
63:
55:
48:
31:
25:
24:
16:
1002:
1001:
997:
996:
995:
993:
992:
991:
887:
886:
800:galloglass, n.
783:
752:
712:
709:
706:
703:
702:
680:
675:
673:
653:
607:
604:
601:
598:
597:
542:
460:
434:
429:
423:
418:
412:
407:
401:
396:
390:
385:
328:
325:
322:
319:
318:
285:
271:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
193:
188:
186:
166:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
88:
83:
81:
61:
29:
12:
11:
5:
1000:
998:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
889:
888:
885:
884:
869:Michael F 1967
782:
779:
751:
748:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
729:Mid-importance
725:
719:
718:
716:
699:the discussion
686:
685:
669:
657:
656:
654:Mid‑importance
648:
636:
635:
632:
631:
624:Mid-importance
620:
614:
613:
611:
558:
546:
545:
543:Mid‑importance
537:
525:
524:
521:
520:
517:
516:
510:
500:
499:
494:
484:
483:
478:
468:
467:
465:
463:
457:
456:
448:
447:
444:
443:
441:
439:
438:
437:
426:
415:
404:
393:
379:
378:
376:
363:
353:
352:
341:
335:
334:
332:
301:
289:
288:
266:
254:
253:
250:
249:
242:Low-importance
238:
232:
231:
229:
212:the discussion
199:
198:
182:
170:
169:
167:Low‑importance
161:
149:
148:
145:
144:
137:Low-importance
133:
127:
126:
124:
107:the discussion
94:
93:
90:Ireland portal
77:
65:
64:
62:Low‑importance
56:
44:
43:
37:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
999:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
892:
881:
880:
879:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
812:
808:
804:
801:
798:
797:
793:
790:
786:
780:
778:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
749:
734:
730:
724:
721:
720:
717:
700:
696:
692:
691:
683:
672:
670:
667:
663:
662:
658:
652:
649:
646:
642:
629:
625:
619:
616:
615:
612:
595:
591:
587:
585:
581:
577:
574:
570:
566:
565:
559:
556:
552:
551:
547:
541:
538:
535:
531:
514:
506:
502:
501:
498:
490:
486:
485:
482:
474:
470:
469:
466:
464:
459:
458:
453:
449:
442:
440:
435:criterion met
427:
424:criterion met
416:
413:criterion met
405:
402:criterion met
394:
383:
382:
381:
380:
377:
374:
373:
367:
364:
359:
355:
354:
350:
349:quality scale
346:
340:
337:
336:
333:
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
299:
295:
294:
290:
283:
279:
275:
270:
267:
264:
260:
247:
243:
237:
234:
233:
230:
213:
209:
205:
204:
196:
185:
183:
180:
176:
175:
171:
165:
162:
159:
155:
142:
138:
132:
129:
128:
125:
108:
104:
100:
99:
91:
80:
78:
75:
71:
70:
66:
60:
57:
54:
50:
45:
41:
35:
27:
23:
18:
17:
867:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
813:
809:
805:
802:
799:
794:
791:
787:
784:
763:
759:
757:
753:
728:
688:
623:
590:project page
584:Kalmar Union
562:
560:
370:
344:
304:
241:
201:
136:
96:
40:WikiProjects
580:Scandinavia
569:WikiProject
411:Structure:
30:Start-class
891:Categories
750:References
594:discussion
578:, both in
586:in 1397.
372:criteria
282:Medieval
278:European
731:on the
626:on the
345:C-class
286:C‑class
274:British
244:on the
139:on the
112:Ireland
103:Ireland
59:Ireland
36:scale.
573:North
873:talk
781:Name
772:(𒁳)
760:some
567:, a
852:β.
768:dab
723:Mid
618:Mid
236:Low
131:Low
893::
875:)
461:/
280:/
276:/
272::
871:(
735:.
630:.
596:.
351:.
339:C
317:.
248:.
143:.
42::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
