Talk:Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan

1834:. a month I said that he was most favoured in knowing the real financial position in the Hedjaz. He then admitted that that figure was a guess, and he promised to send from Mecca an authentic budget for our guidance, and promised to urge his father to treat us in future with confidence. He is urging Abdullah to meet him on 20th April. If this meeting is arranged I will make endeavours to be present, since the three brothers might be brought to a definite issue about Transjordania. Abdullah can for the present keep external peace there; his rule, however, is more of a picnic than an administration, and can only be made scientific by an exceptional British adviser or, as was contemplated in our original scheme, by his resigning in favour of a Governor-General , and I think the sooner the better. Abramson promises well. Proposition of my going to Jeddah, although fenced round, was avoided." 264: 82: 151: 130: 99: 2000:

according to the agreement between the prince and Herbert Samuel who visit Amman on 17 April 1921, for participating in establishing the new administration and the announcement of appointing Julius Abramson as a first representative to him in Amman (Note 12) This representative who was the First British Official will supervise the Transjordan affairs was called the British resident (Note 13).

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concerned about Transjordania... Sir H.Samuel wants it as an annex of Palestine and an outlet for the Jews. Here I am against him.). The local governments, which never really went anywhere, in the end merely functioned as a stopgap measure. When Abdullah showed up, the local resistance pretty much folded and he was able to "conquer" the area without any fighting.

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Oh, I completely agree. The period is quite interesting, Samuel and co were, let's say, not really on board with what Churchill and co were trying to do and even perhaps disposed to try and sabotage things a little bit. I will look out what I can. You should remember that Abdullah was "on probation"

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Having said all that, I don't object to a name change that doesn't include his name, I just don't like the formal title. I would prefer something that sounds less like paperwork and more of a process, "Creating Transjordan" or something like that (and I would still put Interregnum into it if it were

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The Interregnum article is intended to serve an important purpose in the series of country-time-period articles across Knowledge (XXG); in those articles, perhaps the most helpful navigation tool for the reader is the "preceded by" and "succeeded by" links in the infoboxes. I have just updated these

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where all of this can be put together along with Herbert's first (also known as Salt conference), second and whatever visits. What can also be discussed is the question of whether the Balfour declaration applied to the area or not; some background on the Ma'an Sanjak; tribal leaders in the area; and

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While we are on the subject of dates, we can see what Faisal was up to in the same time period. I have him licking his wounds in Italy from around August and trying to get appointments in London (apparently at the behest of Hussein who seems to have decided to forgive him for the whole Syria thing).

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Things were up in the air, Faisal was supposed to be installed at Damascus and Abdullah was (theoretically per Syrian Arab Congress) going to Iraq. Then suddenly Faisal was floating and the situation was that the Mandates were delayed but the French had got theirs, the Zionists theirs and the Arabs

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I'm not really convinced, I tend to regard this whole period as being more about Iraq (Transjordan only existed as a vaguely defined region) and the British trying to make their minds up about what to do (and how to do it cheap given money problems back at home). What's not that clear to me is what

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because it appears to make the core of the article just about his arrival at Ma'an. The article is intended to cover all of his actions from him deciding to go (30 Sept) to the country being under his control (end March). Perhaps the word "entry" is being stretched too far, so if you have any other

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Prince Abdullah returned back to Amman after the conference on 30 March, 1921 to start from the 1st day of April establishing the central administration, asking Mr. Rasheed Tlee'a to form the first government which was formed on 11 April 1921 (Note 11) and few days after forming the government and

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Only just saw this comment now. I am certainly not wedded to the current title, but I do think the article should be about Abdullah's actions. When he made the journey originally it wasn't at all clear, even to him, that he was going to establish an Emirate of Transjordan. This was a political and

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Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan - describes the Zionist attempts to have the area added to Palestine, the development of British Sherifian policy for the region, Abdullah's building of his authority over the region, starting with his father's decision for him to drop his plans for Iraq

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Had a quick look on the scholarship now, and none of them are using these terms. Most of the sources either use "entrance" or "arrival". But there are deeper problems rather than just the name; the problem of defining the scope. I am heavily inclined towards merging the interregnum and the arrival

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Yes, I see what you mean. I can't figure out whether he "decided" to go or whether Hussein asked him to go (because someone had asked him). To me, the most interesting thing about this time period is what both of the brothers (and Hussein) were up to and why. I am still thinking of it as all being

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where the Emir was based to inaugurate the aerodromes and he made a speech to a crowd stating Britain's policies. An Arabic source names Lord Edward Henry/Hay, Wind Ham Deeds, Lawrence and seven British advisors accompanied him. The advisors were appointed to help in governance. Gertrude Bell was

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and the scope would be defined from the fall of the Hashemite Syrian Kingdom in mid 1920 (or perhaps earlier to the onset or end of the Arab Revolt) to Britain's formal recognition of Transjordan as a state in 1923 (or perhaps later till the first organic law of the country was ratified in 1928).

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Abdullah's entry - describes his building of his authority over the region, starting with his father's decision for him to drop his plans for Iraq and move to "reclaim" Faisal's territory of Syria, his political outreach to the Transjordan local leadership and the ultimate occupation of the whole

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Once fully developed, this article should provide an in-depth answer to what exactly Abdullah did to get himself into the position of being appointed Emir of Transjordan by the British. There is lots of scholarly focus on this, as the decisions he took over these months were crucial, and scholars

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That is true but Samuel's primary interest was only in adding to the Zionist position in Palestine and Curzon took him to task for his intervention, spelling out that Britain (meaning Samuel as well) was to have a strictly limited role in the area.(Curzon wrote later in February 1921: "I am very

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Also Allawi's Faisal bio on page 318 would suggest (as Paris does as well) that redeeming Syria may not in fact have been on Abdullah's mind (although many sources do suggest that, I agree). It seems quite possible that the brothers may well have been looking at each other as competitors at this

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On the contrary, these autonomous governments are relevant to the Emirate's establishment. It was their failure that led the local population to support a unified national government under Abdullah and that led the British to support Abdullah. Also for example, how the British discouraged local

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Interregnum - describes the historical time period between the collapse of Faisal's Syria to the start of Abdullah's emirate, focusing on the various autonomous local governments that were set up, the Zionist attempts to have the area added to Palestine, and the development of British Sherifian

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The incident is also wrong. This picture is about the proclamation of Emir Abdullah as ruler of Transjordan in 1921, the Foreign Office assurance was a separate thing in 1923. And this begs the question, what happened on 11 April 1921 if it is designated as the establishment of the Emirate of

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Interesting minutes of the British Cabinet on 11 April 1921 but it seems to be discussing British military presence which was from what I understood apparently downgraded from a couple of garrisons to a couple of airdromes that would be frequented by airplanes from Lydda. The footnote that

1321:. There was no government and the British had only decided that nothing East of the Jordan would be in Palestine (ie subject to the Zionist provisions). Churchill and his "What is the Syria..." (which question he could easily have answered with an Ottoman map and the Sykes-Picot agreement). 813:

I can't really think of a suitable title, tbh. However I do think that where you have two articles now, one running from July 1920 to this one, running from September(?), it probably should be just one. The division seems arbitrary and I think the events of the two periods are in any case,

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However, nothing was mentioned about the Hashemites during Herbert’s first visit in 1920 where he stated that not only the area would be separate from that of Palestine but that also he supported the establishment of local governments there; another aspect that could be covered in a pan

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Surely that is the whole point. There was no Transjordan then (other than as an ill defined region) and arguably would not have been without Abdullah having appeared on the scene, whatever his reasons were for doing so. It could just as well have ended up as part of

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The first sentence of the lead has 30 September 1920 until 2 March 1921, I think the first is some mistake? And the second is the arrival in Amman from Ma'an? The given reference has the arrival date at 11 November which I think is a mistake, it's the 21st, right?

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the scope of the article is intended to cover the period from his leaving Medina in October 1920 to his controlling the country by March 1921. It doesn’t fit in other articles as a core component – this was a military and political event. I would have called it

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There were two conferences on the political status of Transjordan before Abdullah arrived and there was no mention of Abdullah other than the ambiguous demand to be ruled by an “Arab emir”. Putting Abdullah in the title makes no sense to me at all.

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The article's name limits its scope to the Abdullah's physical arrival in Transjordan with some background before and after that. I would suggest either renaming it to something more about the nation's establishment or that it be merged with the

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Oncenawhile referred to explains that 11 April 1921 was the date of the establishment of the government by Emir Abdullah. I think details regarding 11-21 April 1921 would be of great importance to the Emirate of Transjordan's articles.

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I don't have any particular idea about the title although "Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan" sounds to me more like the formal procedure than anything else, something less formal and using Abdullah's name seems

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Google the quote and you will find it under the name of "The British Resident in Transjordan and the Financial Administration in the Emirate Transjordan 1921-1928", I can't link it since it's an automatic pdf download..

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I am happy to leave it to you to do as you think best, just because I am not convinced about something doesn't mean I am going to make an issue out of it. I'm not convinced about the value of infoboxes if it comes to

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and move to "reclaim" Faisal's territory of Syria, his political outreach to the Transjordan local leadership and the ultimate occupation of the whole country, putting him in a strong position at the Cairo Conference.

1606: 1830:, April 17, 1921. "YOUR telegram containing the decision of the Cabinet on the question of the Hedjaz subsidy reached me in Jerusalem but not in time to communicate with Feisal. When he mentioned need of 20,000 1316:

The AKoS, which in theory if not in practice, had been ruling the area, ceased to do so after Maysalun. In any case Hussein had incorporated up to Ma'an in the Hejaz. This period is what Once is calling the

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I can't see anything in Timothy Paris's work either. Nor in Alon. They all jump over that moment as far as I can tell, which is strange as I had understood it to be the proclamation of the Emirate. Perhaps

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I thought about that but it would mean merging a highly complex "historical time period" with the country's foundational "political action". The scope of the two articles is intended to be as follows:

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to leave the eastern boundary of Palestine undefined, and to avoid “any definite connection” between Transjordan and Palestine, in order to leave the way open for an Arab government in Transjordan.

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That still requires two articles because the local governments during the Interregnum period do not fit cleanly into an article about "establishment". So to use my framework above, you would have:

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says that its on 18 April 1921 with Samuel proclaiming Emir Abdullah as ruler of Transjordan. I tried googling to find any sources discussing the visit and the proclamation but to no avail.

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love to debate whether this was all part of a tactical master plan by Abdullah vs whether he intended something else and got lucky. It needs a full article if we are to give it due coverage.

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leaders of Transjordan from meeting Abdullah in Ma'an. The interregnum period is the background to the nation's establishment. The way I see it that the name of the article would be the

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article or both. I would be more inclined to the latter option especially as wiki guidelines require that standalone articles have in-depth sources that are dedicated to the topic.

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Articles with titles "Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan" or "Abdullah's entry into Transjordan" are not country time period articles - they are about political actions.

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I apologize if any of the above are effectively identical; I am just a simple computer program, so I can't determine whether minor differences are significant or not.

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That thesis from Rudd (Idk who he is but Teitelbaum seems to approve of him) has a lot of material about Samuel as well as the local tribes and their politics.

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Yes 21 Nov was when he arrived in Ma'an, 2 March was his arrival in Amman, and 11 April was the proclamation. 30 September was when he left Mecca for Medina.

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Transjordan if Herbert's proclamation was a week later on 18 April 1921? Wilson's book could contain this information but most of it is inaccessible for me.

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Interesting read, thanks. Every footnote in that section leads to CO 733/2. Shame it doesn’t mention anything about what they were reading in the ceremony.

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know what happened during Herbert Samuel second visit (as described by the Library of Congress pictures) to Transjordan between 17 and 21 April 1921?

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He uses a primary source from someone named "Zarkali", his book is titled "Two years in Amman 1921-1923". I will try to find an online version.

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In fact the local gov effort failed prior, Faisal had set up 8 units (liwa?), 3 of them being in Transjordan area, and they didn't work either.

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Suggests there was a meeting, it seems perfectly possible, despite the pretty pix, that the whole thing was mostly for show, a bit of theatre.

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Good spot :) That's an error in the source (Vatikiotis), Rudd just has late February so I put that while we see if we can pin it down exactly.

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Naturally yes. I was thinking of trying to expand this article as much as possible to see if it deserves a standalone article or not.

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The Cabinet gave final approval (required by the agreement) to Churchill's scheme (and sanction for the initial subsidy) on 11 April

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Since the page Emirate of Transjordan already has a section Establishment of the Emirate, then one might as well merge this into it?

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The British gave their consent to an independent Arab government in Transjordan in July 1920. Abdullah’s role came after that.

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agrees with the renaming proposal then I am happy to submit to the majority. In practice it would mean moving the sub-section “

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Options discarded as not used by scholars and not representative of what happened include: invade, conquer, subdue, subjugate.

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Yes I checked the book nothing significant, it says the same thing in the paragraph. I wonder how we can access CO 733/2.

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I added quite valuable information about Al-Salt and Umm Qais meetings. What is the better course? Having three articles:

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Also inaccessible. I can look it up in a nearby library but unfortunately it would probably take months before it opens.

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We are still on the same page about renaming this article into the "Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan" right?

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dates that photo in May 1923. Which is definitely incorrect as the border of the photo states explicitly 18 April 1921.

449: 849:. There was a time that those articles were combined into one, but now they have very different and very clear scopes. 394: 2061: 490: 1897:

https://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/handle/2160/3278/british%20relations%20phd.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

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From this seems likely that Samuel met Abdullah on April 20, but so far I didn't find a report on such a meeting.

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article, so I am asking for a sentient editor to look it over and copy the correct ref content into this article.

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He finally gets to see King George in early December and then we have all the (in)famous FO meetings after that.

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Interregnum - describes the the various autonomous local governments that were set up during this time period

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on Knowledge (XXG). If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join

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military move, meant to assert himself in a period of flux. Similar to an event which would feature on

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SOrry, I gave the wrong page number, should be 32 et seq, bits of the 18 April speech are at page 35.

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The closest I found in the Foreign Office archives is this telegram. Note the date and the location.

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As an aside, the term “dedicated to” in your last sentence is not correct; that is not a requirement.

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Template:Did you know nominations/Abdullah's entry into Transjordan and Interregnum (Transjordan)

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An archival collection I have access to probably has Samuel's report. I'll look it up tomorrow.

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p.40 et seq (and in general) of Guckian thesis is what you want I think, do you remember it?

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the Hashemite plan was (or even if such a plan existed, maybe there were 3 individual plans).

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I see. Then we are on the same page if you support the former naming of the second article.

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what is the source for the above quote? It seems to nail down this question very well.

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The opening section mentions something occurring on the date "29 Feb 1921." Can't be.

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So Samuel's visit did not exactly proclaim Abdullah as ruler of Transjordan. He

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part of the "Sharifian solution" but let me have a think about the title anyway.

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to try to fix reference errors. One of the things I do is look for content for

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The 11 April date is the date the government was formed, see footnote d at:

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Alas the archival collection I can access does not include any of CO 733.

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Interregnum_(Transjordan)#British_decision_not_to_impose_direct_occupation

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Britain, the Hashemites, and Arab Rule, 1920-1925: The Sherifian Solution

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Hmm. Wilson is normally quite precise around this time, but her work

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I copied the bibliography over in any case, since it is useful there.

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had got nothing, thus Cairo conference to sort out the mess (tangle).

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as referred to in Arab historiography (Umm Qais, September 1920) and

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A article on those meetings would be very interesting. According to

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http://www.telstudies.org/writings/letters/1921/210412_family.shtml

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country, putting him in a strong position at the Cairo Conference.

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Background on Herbert Samuel's visit in August 1920 is lacking.

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For the record, Samuel's report on this trip to Amman is at

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Milton-Edwards, Beverley; Hinchcliffe, Peter (5 June 2009).

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Does Mahafzah source his description to CO 733/2 as well?

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pages 151 to 155 are worth a read in context this article.

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Beverley Milton-Edwards, Peter Hinchcliffe (2009-06-05).

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in wikilinked articles. I have found content for some of

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but the NA are not even providing quotes at the moment.

1360:“Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan” article. 732: 252: 247: 242: 237: 73:. The nomination discussion and review may be seen at 1593:

Herbert Samuel in Transjordan (moved from user talk)

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It's similar to the difference between the articles

178:, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of 2060:Found it, it seems from the footnotes that he used 523:

Category:Jordan articles missing geocoordinate data

1826:Sir H. Samuel to Mr. Churchill. (Telegraphic.) P. 1613:seems to quote the speech but it is inaccessible. 1333:At the end of September 1920, Curzon instructed 1997: 1038:, so hopefully it should be clear what I mean. 750:Some options for "Abdullah's ??? Transjordan": 56:into what was to become the modern country of 1006:Not exactly local, more of decentralization. 8: 1763:"A six months trial that lasted a lifetime!" 1491:Category:Pages with incorrect ref formatting 1167:Herbert Samuel's second visit to Transjordan 1499:Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan 1484:Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan 1159:Herbert Samuel's first visit to Transjordan 975:Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan 930:Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan 387:Jordan University of Science and Technology 96: 28:Establishment of the Emirate of Transjordan 271:Here are some tasks awaiting attention: 225: 124: 71:Knowledge (XXG):Recent additions/2019/July 736:ideas for the title that would be great. 44:). 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And this quote also: 172:This article is within the scope of 1679:Emirate_of_Transjordan#cite_note-62 115:It is of interest to the following 581:Cite has empty unknown parameter: 192:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Jordan 14: 928:articles into something like the 487:Jordanian Communist Toilers Party 412:November 2012 Jordanian protests 337:International rankings of Jordan 320:Jordanian general election, 1951 262: 159: 149: 128: 97: 19: 2242:High-importance Jordan articles 293:(composer of national anthem), 212:This article has been rated as 1588:20:52, 22 September 2019 (UTC) 30:appeared on Knowledge (XXG)'s 1: 186:and see a list of open tasks. 731:, I am not comfortable with 479:Jordanian protests (2011–12) 450:As-Salam al-Malaki al-Urduni 433:The Children's Museum Jordan 408:Jordanian protests (2011–12) 295:Illegal drug trade in Jordan 2247:WikiProject Jordan articles 2237:Start-Class Jordan articles 2195:, other attendees included 1439:12:07, 12 August 2019 (UTC) 1421:09:41, 12 August 2019 (UTC) 1406:09:12, 12 August 2019 (UTC) 395:Medical education in Jordan 195:Template:WikiProject Jordan 2263: 2217:06:49, 15 April 2020 (UTC) 2186:02:06, 15 April 2020 (UTC) 2156:11:34, 13 April 2020 (UTC) 2142:23:06, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 2116:22:12, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 2102:22:01, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 2088:21:02, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 2074:17:11, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 2056:16:57, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 2041:16:54, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 2020:16:40, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 1978:14:54, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 1965:14:40, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 1956:13:22, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 1922:12:59, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 1908:12:46, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 1870:10:49, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 1841:06:29, 11 April 2020 (UTC) 1813:14:20, 10 April 2020 (UTC) 1773:20:01, 10 April 2020 (UTC) 1752:16:36, 10 April 2020 (UTC) 1730:15:55, 10 April 2020 (UTC) 1708:15:23, 10 April 2020 (UTC) 1691:14:56, 10 April 2020 (UTC) 1666:14:46, 10 April 2020 (UTC) 1651:14:15, 10 April 2020 (UTC) 1633:13:45, 10 April 2020 (UTC) 1623:13:23, 10 April 2020 (UTC) 1555:Jordan: A Hashemite Legacy 1523:Jordan: A Hashemite Legacy 759:"...coming to power in..." 555:Paris, Timothy J. (2003). 362:Princess Sarvath al-Hassan 218:project's importance scale 2010:also apparently present. 1476:16:57, 24 July 2019 (UTC) 1461:16:41, 24 July 2019 (UTC) 1392:12:45, 25 July 2019 (UTC) 1370:09:54, 25 July 2019 (UTC) 1354:09:40, 25 July 2019 (UTC) 1319:Interregnum (Transjordan) 1296:20:49, 24 July 2019 (UTC) 1268:14:58, 24 July 2019 (UTC) 1241:10:28, 24 July 2019 (UTC) 1218:09:22, 24 July 2019 (UTC) 1199:22:43, 23 July 2019 (UTC) 1179:16:03, 26 June 2019 (UTC) 765:"...intervention into..." 462:Abdullah Ensour's cabinet 224: 211: 144: 123: 1489:I check pages listed in 1161:(Al-Salt, August 1920), 1142:09:08, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 1128:21:57, 7 June 2019 (UTC) 1103:21:20, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 1088:21:02, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 1066:20:41, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 1051:16:43, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 1016:11:40, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 1002:11:39, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 988:11:26, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 968:10:56, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 943:10:34, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 911:12:48, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 896:11:35, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 861:10:32, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 824:10:20, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 809:09:28, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 791:09:23, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 746:09:08, 8 June 2019 (UTC) 723:23:19, 7 June 2019 (UTC) 708:11:48, 7 June 2019 (UTC) 687:06:22, 7 June 2019 (UTC) 651:09:54, 6 June 2019 (UTC) 616:12:21, 6 June 2019 (UTC) 601:11:49, 4 June 2019 (UTC) 229:Tasks YOU can help with: 50:... that at the time of 40:column on 24 July 2019 ( 2128:Khayr al-Din al-Zirikli 1526:. Routledge. p. 14−15. 1482:Orphaned references in 1070:Thanks Makeandtoss. If 2002: 1509:Reference named "leg": 1150:Renaming and expanding 1036:Emirate of Transjordan 635:Emirate of Transjordan 491:Jordan–Syria relations 383:Crown Prince of Jordan 105:This article is rated 86: 1078:” into this article. 1032:Arab Kingdom of Syria 843:Mandate for Palestine 832:policy for the region 756:"...occupation of..." 483:Agriculture in Jordan 291:Abdul Qader al-Taneer 109:on Knowledge (XXG)'s 84: 1803:has seen something. 1558:. Routledge. p. 14. 753:"...advance into..." 639:Abdullah I of Jordan 454:Transjordan (region) 446:Jordan-related stubs 1495:orphaned references 1163:Umm Qais conference 847:Mandatory Palestine 762:"...takeover of..." 391:1944 Jordan League 283:1958 Jordan crisis 175:WikiProject Jordan 111:content assessment 87: 63:interregnum period 2199:of Abu Dhabi and 1697:Last part of this 1548:History of Jordan 1187:List of invasions 565:978-0-7146-5451-5 547: 546: 543: 542: 539: 538: 535: 534: 531: 530: 512:Jordanian cuisine 354:Culture of Jordan 91: 90: 2254: 2126: 2030: 1894: 1823: 1802: 1793: 1762: 1740: 1718: 1676: 1604: 1585: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1543: 1541: 1539: 780: 662: 631: 590: 584: 579: 577: 569: 277:Article requests 266: 259: 258: 226: 200: 199: 196: 193: 190: 169: 164: 163: 162: 153: 146: 145: 140: 132: 125: 108: 102: 101: 93: 83: 53:Abdullah's entry 23: 16: 2262: 2261: 2257: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2222: 2221: 2201:Shakir ibn Zaid 2120: 2024: 1888: 1817: 1796: 1787: 1756: 1734: 1712: 1670: 1598: 1595: 1583: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1551: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1519: 1487: 1449: 1341: 1152: 1115: 781:for his views. 774: 695: 656: 637:article or the 625: 623: 580: 570: 566: 554: 552: 527: 257: 214:High-importance 198:Jordan articles 197: 194: 191: 188: 187: 165: 160: 158: 139:High‑importance 138: 106: 85:Knowledge (XXG) 12: 11: 5: 2260: 2258: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2160: 2159: 2158: 2003: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1981: 1980: 1969:Brief mention 1967: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1872: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1844: 1843: 1815: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1594: 1591: 1576: 1575: 1563: 1544: 1531: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1478: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1424: 1423: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1339: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1298: 1277: 1276: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1243: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1202: 1201: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1114: 1113:Herbert Samuel 1111: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1105: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1018: 957: 956: 955: 951: 924: 923: 922: 921: 920: 919: 918: 917: 916: 915: 914: 913: 898: 872: 871: 870: 869: 868: 867: 866: 865: 864: 863: 850: 839: 838: 837: 833: 793: 771: 768: 767: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 694: 691: 690: 689: 676: 672: 669: 622: 619: 564: 559:. 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