565:(I cleaned up your comment indentation a bit) Thanks for the info. Your addition to the article, however, doesn't link to the study you link to above (at least, I don't think it does ;) ). The link in the actual article is to a study that appears to only cover TSNA's effects on rats, in general. However, the possible relief from risk that snus may provide is precisely that there is a marked reduction in the level of TSNAs that are present in the tobacco used in Snus (to varying degrees by brand and make) as compared to other preperations. As such, the in-article link may not be appropriately labeled, as it isn't a study of Snus and cancer, per se, but TSNAs and cancer. The link you mention above in your comment, however, does seem germane - that should be added. It is unfortunate that I don't have a subscription to The Lancet to see the full text. ;) --
404:
relative risk of pancreatic cancer for snus use was 1.67 (95% confidence interval = 1.12, 2.50); that of oral and pharyngeal cancer was 1.10 (95% CI = 0.50, 2.41), that of esophageal cancer was 1.40 (95% CI = 0.61, 3.24), and that of stomach cancer was 1.11 (95% CI = 0.83, 1.48). The relative risks of cancers of the lung (either all histological types or adenocarcinoma), urinary bladder and kidney were not increased among snus users. The increase in the relative risk of pancreatic cancer was similar in former and current snus users and was restricted to current tobacco smokers. Our study suggests that smokeless tobacco products may be carcinogenic on the pancreas. Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines are plausible candidates for the carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco products in the pancreas.
553:. In regards to the previous comment about the problem of multiple comparisons in the earlier (Boffetta et al.) study, that is a good point. However, there is a biological reason to suspect that snus could cause pancreatic cancer, because snus contains TSNAs which are able to induce pancreatic tumors in lab animals - in fact, TSNAs are the only component of tobacco capable of inducing pancreatic tumors in the lab. So, although Boffetta looked at multiple cancer sites, the Bonferroni correction (dividing the confidence level by the number of comparisons) is overly conservative in this case.
31:
387:"As if the horrific breath and stained teeth aren’t argument enough to stop, researchers have now sounded a new cancer warning bell about the snus habit. A study carried out by the World Health Organisation and released this week followed 10,000 Norwegians, of whom two-thirds were snus-lovers. The results show that users of the popular chewing tobacco increase their risk of contracting mouth or pancreatic cancer by 67%."
933:" instead of "also known as", as there are obvious similarities, but obvious differences as well. As a snus user, I can assure that the description of naswar is not the same as what is in my upper lip at this time. (General, white strong, if you were wondering). Also note that snus is covered by Swedish food laws, at least in Sweden, so there is a different legal element to the two products as well.
500:
products of differing toxicity such as snus, chewing tobacco, and inhaled snuff. ST exposure in study populations ranged from 1.3% to 19.7%. Much additional work is needed to clarify the association between ST and pancreatic cancer, to elucidate the ST-related etiology of the disease, and to develop strategies to reduce pancreatic cancer risk among tobacco users.
88:. Theoretically, it must be causing some cases, since the carcinogen level is still higher than zero, but there is a limit to how low an additional rate of cancer we can detect versus all the other causes. according to the state of massachusetts, the concentration in snus is 40 times lower than in American chewing tobacco (see my edits to the same article)
411:
group regarding scientific research super skeptically, even (especially!) those I agree with on principle) the first thing that jumps out is the news statement that "users of the popular chewing tobacco increase their risk of contracting mouth or pancreatic cancer by 67%", which is of course quite false; the research states that they increase the
580:
I added a link to a 2008 article that shows an increased rate of cancer in snus users. "A statistically significant increase in the incidence of the combined category of oral and pharyngeal cancer among daily users of snus (incidence rate ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.5-6.6) was found. Overall
125:
article; I think this article and that should be merged, with the detail of the relatively benign health effects coming over here linked from a mention, and the rest of the snus stuff over there. I'll do it eventually if nobody else wants to. the eventual snus/health article should be linked from the
631:
Not at all. Snus is used, mainly by
Africans, under the name of Makla, or Chemma, in many european countries (Belgium, France, ...). Thanks to the widespread interdiction of smoking in public places in those coutry, more and more European begin to be interested in Maklas. Makla Ifrikia is one of the
410:
Speaking skeptically (let me hurriedly state that I am not prosmoking, I would be more than happy if smoking were to disappear from the face of the earth, I am not protobacco or prosnus, I am just in the habit of approaching every scientific paper skeptically and every press release from an advocacy
363:
Also, snus does have a distinct smell to it, which some find offensive. And you have to get rid of it somewhere, which involves pulling a saliva-soaked "teabag" or mush out of your mouth, finding some acceptable place to put it, and cleaning your fingers afterwards. Men have a tendency to wipe their
359:
Loose snus appears particularly distasteful to them, which makes sense, as the tactile experience is similar to stuffing dirt/soil under your lip. Personally, I found the taste and tactile impression of loose snus superior to that of portion snus when I started using it, but now my taste has changed
284:
Odd wording there from myself, women of course have the same right, but it's not as widely accepted. A man doing it wouldn't raise many eyebrows, if a woman, it might. Also, I too had a girlfriend that got mad if I took a snus while being with her. I understand that, however, as much as I understand
261:
In many circles the use of snuff among women appears to be considered gross- also among women themselves. My friend had to decline a 'pris' offered to him in consideration for his girlfriend. The origin of this notion, however, is totally unknown to me. Personally I find teabag-style snuff much more
113:
well, the nicotine itself is probably responsible for that; but it's not a carcinogen, that's mainly the nitrosamines which result from heating proteins in the absence of oxygen, i.e. smoldering tobacco in cigarettes, firecuring
American style snuff, and, of course, frying meat on a flat hot surface
64:
I lived in sweden for a while and on my packets of snus that I bought, most of them had a warning stating 'this tobacco product can harm your health and is addictive' (in swedish, obviously). I asked a friend of mine about the indirect wording on it and he said that they used to say that snus caused
218:
I question this, and don't know if it's been scientifically proven. For one thing, gums recede a bit over one's life, that's just normal -- could that be what people are seeing? For another, I've read anecdotal accounts of gums un-receding a bit when people switch from cigarettes or
American dip to
104:
Although it's hard for scientists to prove that snus can cause cancer, it's quite usual that the snus acts corrosive under the lip. If you are an avid user of snus then you might have to change side now and then. And btw as of today, nothing has been changed on the packets of snus. I'm a Swede btw.
499:
Results: Three out of six studies found that use of ST increased pancreatic cancer risk, with statistically significant odds ratios ranging from 1.67 to 3.5, although adjustment for potential confounders (smoking, alcohol, age, race) varied. Definitions of ST also varied between studies, including
439:
article.) Next quibble is the oddity that the effect is only found in smokers; but found in both current snus users and in those who were former users. In other words, even if you quit using snus 50 years ago (this was a 40 year study) but have been smoking since then, you were at risk compared to
274:
Other than that, I don't see why it is "gross" to use snus - it's far more clean than smoking, and you don't smell like a dead rabbit in your mouth afterwards. But yes, it is true that snus is still seen as something men has more right to do than women - probably related to past views of the whole
203:
Yes, snus will cause changes in the mouth over time. Your gums will withdraw somewhat from your teeth, and the point where the face above the lip meets the gums (I'm sorry, I have no idea what the right term for this would be) will be raised. Speaking both from experience and from common knowledge
434:
you expect to have no more than 1 result erroneously identified as statistically significant out of 20 experiments. But this experiment actually contains numerous measurements; the rates of oral cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, adenocarcinoma lung cancer,
133:
If I understand you correctly, I have to disagree - I like having a seperate Snus article from
Tobacco. I think that the special mentions of the Public Health debates would potentially bloat the Tobacco article, and it is hard enough to underscore the apparent difference between Swedish snus from
493:
Methods: We performed a literature search using PubMed from 1966 to 2005 and included published cohort and case-control human studies examining the association between ST (including snus) and pancreatic cancer risk. Four such studies from the United States and two from Norway were identified. In
403:
Limited data are available on the carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco products in organs other than the mouth. Snus is a smokeless tobacco product widely used in Norway. We studied 10,136 Norwegian men enrolled since 1966 in a prospective cohort study, 31.7% of whom were exposed to snus. The
487:
Objective: The health risks associated with tobacco vary according to the type of tobacco used. Swedish snus, a type of smokeless tobacco (ST) particularly low in carcinogens, has been advocated as a relatively safe product. Although snus and other STs present a lesser lung cancer risk than
95:
PS, I forgot to mention that (according to the studies, I wouldn't personally know) snus use is not popular among women, and as a result, the tobacco-related death rate in
Swedish women is the same as that in Europe in general, while the rate in men is much lower than in European men.
650:
Denmark was added back, and then removed again. It's not a very long ride between
Copenhagen (Denmark) and Malmö (Sweden), so it's possible that some people import their own snus, but this should be clarified if that's the case, with the potential legal consequences for doing this.
114:
instead of "flame-broiling" it on an open grill. (although there is evidence that any repeated long term irritation, especially to tissue which is primed for growth/repair anyway, like the inside of the mouth, can be carcinogenic; like all the asbestos problems, for instance)
668:
Loose snus is not illegal in
Denmark, only snus packed in portions. And because of the lower duties in Denmark, many swedes that work in Denmark buy their snus here. A package of the Danish label of snus "Offroad" costs 2,7€ per can compared with 4,7€ in Sweden.
250:. It's probably a fact that more men than women use it, but I don't know about "much less likely to". I'm also under the impression, although I don't have any statistics to back it up, that the use among women is increasing. Does anyone have statistics on this? (
488:
cigarettes, these products may carry serious, uncharacterized risks. We performed a literature review of studies investigating the association between all types of ST and pancreatic cancer, and identified knowledge gaps that could be targeted by future research.
848:- I don't know anything about naswar either, but I do know that Snus is something the Swedes invented, and that is only available in Sweden and Norway. Rather then merging, I believe the articles should be cleaned, so that they don't look like the same thing.
522:
Doesn't the article reflect this debate already, sussinctly and without unnecessary bloat? It mentions "chewing tobacco" as well as "snuff" or "snus", which muddies the waters a bit. If that is a translation issue, we should wait for a better translation. :)
398:
appears to be the study mentioned, it's the only
Norwegian snus pancreatic cancer 10,000 person study I could find, even though it doesn't mention WHO, and the dates match (the date of publication of the study is 2005, the date of the article above is 2004).
435:
bladder cancer, and kidney cancer. That looks to me like 8 measurements, and therefore they have in effect gone from 95% confidence to 1-(8*.05)=60% confidence, which no scientist would consider meaningful. (If you don't follow all that, look up the
134:
American snuff. We don't want people to get the impression that _snuff as a whole_ has an apparent lower rate of cancer. Snus developments appear to merit very specifc treatment as compared to other, more "static" articles about
Tobacco. --
465:
present in snus. So, if you postulate that snus sort of sets the pancreas into a sensitive mode, and the smoking carcinogens later trigger it....?? Anyway, my verdict would be definitely not proved, but still not dismissible as patently
355:
However, the number of women using it is still very low. It is generally considered gross by the female population. Some brands (e.g. Mocca), with smaller bags (less visible and less irritating) and more pleasant taste, have been more
291:
Some companies have started to segment snus towards women. They are making snus with tastes such as mint, mocca etc. instead of for example general taste or whisky. They also make snus boxes that are designed to look more appealing to
160:
The health issue isn't really about cancer, it's about snus being extremely harmful for one's mouth. It doesn't say on the box that "snus causes cancer", it says that it's harmful for one's health and of this the doctors
448:
used snus. Makes you wonder what the hell mechanism could snus initiate 50 years ago that would only show up in smokers decades later? On the positive side, however, is evidence (not here, background) that
870:
582:
482:
Megan Dann
Fesinmeyer, MPH, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Box 357236, 1959 NE Pacific Avenue, Seattle, WA 98195
895:
As mentioned by another user, one obvious difference is snus goes under the upper lip but naswas under the lower lip, another one is that snus is steam-pasteurized but naswar is not. --
77:
Yes, it's true. The same thing happened in Norway too. Norwegian scientists haven't documented one single case of cancer because of snus. An Norwegian article about this:
509:.... definitely not proved, but still not dismissible as patently ridiculous, just like I said. So who wants to write all this into the article? Maybe me! But not today!
585:
It doesn't have the multiple comparison problem and is pretty accurate as far as I can tell. Maybe something about this should be added in the main body of the article?
121:
this snus lack of carcinogenicity was also reported in (i think it was the new york times but I can't find it online now) last week. i put some stuff re this in the
798:
457:, which stimulates pancreatic growth, which makes the pancreas perhaps more sensitive to snus use compared to the other cancers which are more caused by the
305:
824:
I don't know anything about naswar, but the article says that it goes "under the lower lip or inside the cheek", while snus goes under the upper lip. /
947:
395:
616:" - I believe that Snus has been illegal in the EU since 1992, with the exception of Sweden. How can it therefore be a big seller in Denmark?
367:
FWIW, I have not seen any women use anything but the smaller versions. And on most womens' faces, the protrusion would be quite noticeable.
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fingers on their pants, which I gather women don't like to do, as well as throwing them just about anywhere, which I find offensive myself.
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912:. The information in the naswar article indicates that it is sufficiently different in production and use to justify a separate article.
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that should be merged." I claim no expertise regarding tobacco, but it seems manifest to me that these articles should be merged.
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Yeah, that's what I mean; it takes longer to add a short succinct summary than it does to just dump a huge amount of text.
961:
Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
581:
mortality was also slightly increased (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.21)." The abstract cab be found
65:
cancer but they had to change it because some study couldn't prove it did cause cancer. Has anyone else heard about this?
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total, these six studies included 1,383 pancreatic cancer cases, although the two Norwegian cohorts shared some subjects.
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other 50 year smokers who never ever used snus; but if you have been using snus for 50 years and not smoking, you were
632:
most strong and famous snus I have ever tasted. It is sold in almost every Tobacco shop in south european countries.
38:
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It DID say that snus causes cancer a few years ago, and the comments mentioning that wording are a few years old.
549:
Another study was published in 2007 in the Lancet linking Swedish snus to pancreatic cancer, abstract available
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article, it appears to have a longer history. Snus developed later and separately in Sweden. Naswar is a
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Well... as usual, reality is more messy and prone to puffing up by the media and advocacy organizations.
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Norwegian snus retailers' statistics state that an increasing number of women have been buying it lately.
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comfortable than smoking cigarettes, which in my opinion seems to leave an aftertaste far longer.
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snuff is seen as more acceptable now than (say) in the 1970s, outside the working classes
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sufficiently that the "messiness" of the loose snus is no longer worth the difference.
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338:"teabag" snuff, when introduced, increased its popularity since it's easier to handle
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that looks nothing like snus, and like I mentioned above it's used differently. /
419:. (Pancreatic and oral cancers have about the same incidence rates, .01% per year
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46:
If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the
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Yeah, I have heard the story, too, though I have no idea if it's true or not...
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more current overview of the literature, including the study dissected above:
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risk of mouth cancer by about 10%, a statistically insignificant amount
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Sounds a little biased to me but is this worth including/following up?
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error rate is by convention 5% (thus the references to 95% CI),
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The lead section of the Snus article reads, in relevant part, "
776:(Pashto: نسوار)...", while the lead section of Naswar reads, "
709:. The "also known as" wording was removed from both articles.
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other tobacco/health articles too. this is interesting stuff.
25:
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created by smoking or flue-curing chewing tobacco, and are
383:
http://www.thelocal.se/article.php?ID=644&date=20041118
141:
OK, let's leave it status quo. Thanks for the comment.
477:
Smokeless Tobacco, Swedish Snus, and Pancreatic Cancer
698:
Subsequent comments should be made in a new section.
740:
248:...since women are much less likely to use snus...
929:and suggest changing the lede to say "similar to
342:But as noted above, real statistics is needed.
285:not wanting to be with a person that smokes. --
749:
701:A summary of the conclusions reached follows.
8:
612:"Snus is sold mainly in Sweden, Norway, and
444:at increased risk over other nonsmokers who
453:, which snus delivers a lot of, stimulates
271:Do you mean snuff or snus? Confusing me :-)
799:WP:Knowledge (XXG) is not a dictionary
79:http://www.lommelegen.no/art/art847.asp
44:Do not edit the contents of this page.
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692:The following discussion is closed.
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957:The discussion above is closed.
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413:risk of pancreatic cancer by 67%
329:few men smoke, except at parties
84:Yeah, see the quote i put in at
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705:Per this discussion pages were
1:
679:12:24, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
190:22:07, 14 February 2008 (UTC)
601:19:10, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
372:03:16, 27 October 2006 (UTC)
280:01:58, 2 December 2006 (UTC)
267:20:30, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
255:16:16, 12 October 2005 (UTC)
213:03:07, 27 October 2006 (UTC)
326:some women smoke cigarettes
235:22:46, 28 August 2012 (UTC)
976:
952:15:18, 18 March 2013 (UTC)
922:15:03, 18 March 2013 (UTC)
905:08:31, 16 March 2013 (UTC)
888:18:04, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
858:09:07, 14 March 2013 (UTC)
719:01:29, 26 March 2013 (UTC)
642:13:03, 11 April 2008 (UTC)
626:09:22, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
318:06:13, 21 April 2007 (UTC)
839:06:33, 4 March 2013 (UTC)
819:11:04, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
661:01:58, 10 July 2008 (UTC)
570:22:15, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
561:20:49, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
347:21:25, 1 April 2006 (UTC)
322:Yeah. In Sweden at least
138:09:47, Jun 6, 2005 (UTC)
69:15:19, 10 Feb 2005 (UTC)
959:Please do not modify it.
695:Please do not modify it.
537:17:54, 7 June 2006 (UTC)
528:15:19, 7 June 2006 (UTC)
514:18:38, 6 June 2006 (UTC)
246:The article states that
130:03:11, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
109:00:30, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
469:Moving forward, I find
332:plenty of men use snuff
145:13:44, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
118:15:46, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
100:15:39, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
92:03:11, 6 Jun 2005 (UTC)
762:Swedish pronunciation:
599:comment was added at
308:comment was added by
42:of past discussions.
437:multiple comparisons
424:multiple comparisons
807:duplicate articles
204:(in Norway) here.
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378:Snus Cancer Link?
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958:
936:Dennis Brown
935:
926:
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871:green powder
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459:nitrosamines
445:
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247:
245:
221:— Preceding
202:
123:tobacco#snus
107:84.217.14.48
103:
86:tobacco#snus
76:
63:
55:
43:
37:
671:Superlinnet
595:—Preceding
567:NightMonkey
558:Pensivefrog
525:NightMonkey
466:ridiculous.
356:successful.
136:NightMonkey
36:This is an
707:not merged
415:, and the
653:Jiiimbooh
275:thing. --
264:GSchjetne
18:Talk:Snus
948:Join WER
884:CONTRIBS
875:Jiiimooh
850:Mentoz86
835:CONTRIBS
826:Jiiimooh
803:synonyms
618:Grunners
534:Gzuckier
511:Gzuckier
451:nicotine
306:unsigned
223:unsigned
143:Gzuckier
128:Gzuckier
116:Gzuckier
98:Gzuckier
90:Gzuckier
914:Tomas e
614:Denmark
597:undated
252:Entheta
39:archive
931:naswar
927:Oppose
910:Oppose
893:Oppose
867:naswar
863:Oppose
846:Oppose
811:Cnilep
805:) are
782:Pashto
778:Naswār
772:naswar
711:Cnilep
634:BruMar
369:Zuiram
344:Jgrahn
292:women.
210:Zuiram
161:agree.
105:=) --
786:نسوار
446:never
67:zaius
16:<
918:talk
901:talk
880:TALK
854:talk
831:TALK
815:talk
797:Per
791:snus
731:Snus
715:talk
675:talk
657:talk
638:talk
622:talk
591:talk
583:here
551:here
507:i.e.
471:this
432:i.e.
396:This
314:talk
231:talk
206:YMMV
186:talk
593:)
463:not
442:not
941:2¢
939:-
920:)
903:)
882:–
877:»
856:)
833:–
828:»
817:)
784::
760:;
750:uː
717:)
677:)
659:)
640:)
624:)
556:--
523:--
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944:©
916:(
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753:s
747:n
744:s
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