Talk:Parkinson's disease/Archive 1

3213:

repeatedly making a point of our usage and implying thereby that Paul and I are making a class distinction of some sort. Would you say that if we were talking about "high" school (well, I would use that term, anyway, Paul's in England where they have some totally incomprehensible system involving forms). Anyway, it appears to me that you are being overly sensitive about class distinctions. This is a not uncommon problem in the States where we pretend to have an egalitarian, classless society. You and I both know this to be a deception. Railing against it, however, and claiming that we are all equal, only puts dents in your forehead from banging it against that particular brick wall. We would be better off, I feel, to acknowledge that there are inequalities in the world - in our country - and that to some extent they're inavoidable, a fact of nature. Where we should pick our fights, though, is where the inequalities are enforced, say by birth, where the classes are not open regardless of effort or merit. I've found, through being married into a Confucian society, that acknowledging class differences should bear with it reciprocal responsibilites, one to another. We in the US live in a place where we place highest value on the individual, with the result that we aren't very good at bearing those responsibilities toward each other. We tend to blame those lower on society's ladder for their weakness, and resent those higher on the ladder for their ruthlessness, venality, what-have-you. And, getting political here, this is a situation encouraged by those who profit from society being divided. I suspect I've gone on altogether too long, but there it is. Do you know how to pick through the history of the page, so you can find the bits you liked and clip those in? If not, whistle & I'll give you a hand with it. --

3208:

can't apologize, don't testify against each other, etc, no maater how egressious the injury, unless you can pay an expert witness; ethics are important, don'tcha know) have cost me my marriage, my kids, and my housing. i'm currently homeless and on state papers. why keith bridgeman thinks i'm worth bashing is beyond me. my husband--who is trying to move his girlfriend in even before the divorce is final--did a quite adequate job. too personal, i know, but how much bashing am I supposed to be able to take? i never picked fights here or anywhere. thanks for the words of support and i admit that i'm to sensitive. dan, i just read your most recent comments above; thanks again; the material that is still deleted that i feel most strongly about is the section -- and it could be quite brief-- about the need for interdisciplinary specialty treatment, protection of the rights of patients, and involvement of family and friends in care. I was three days away from a state facility--my current psych dx is "anxiety"; that's it!--and three people from my church saved my life. for real. that material matters; please consider, particularly because i have both a strong science background and particularly relevant and bitter recent experience. the reason i've been absent is because i haven't had access to a computer; committed patients in locked wards don't go those, even the doctors f///k up four or five times in a row. been there, done that. sorry for anger--you have no idea; i need to find constructive outlets and value support. thanks again. bd

2423:“well-water” use are a proxy for toxic chemicals. Since those initial descriptive studies we have moved from using the proxy exposure to see if the association exists to looking directly at the specific farm chemicals. Even more recently, lack of clear results from studies of pesticide exposure has led the PD research community to an interest in pesticide-gene interactions. There really is comparatively little work on rural exposures other than pesticides. Some of the other possibilities include diet; occupational chemicals other than pesticides - such things as heavy metals, sawdust, engine fumes, paints, and so on; zoonotic infectious agent exposures from farm animals. Farmers often have ample opportunity for exposure to all of these, and given that many farmers find it financially necessary to take supplementary jobs in the local area, they also have opportunity for more exposure to the types of industry, often quite dirty, commonly seen in rural areas. Tojo raised the question about sawdust, how could that be a risk factor - it seems unilkely, but of course farmers do their share of carpentry, and the sawdust generated includes not only wood components, but the chemicals the wood is often treated with for preservative and other reasons. Carpenters have been shown to have high rates of certain cancers, so sawing wood does pose health hazards. 2340:

have to count all new cases in a defined population over time. And after you've done the study, what do you have? Well, some interesting rates and maybe some ideas on who gets more/less of the diease. But with Parkinson's, we think we've already got some pretty good ideas and what might be causing it, i.e. the farming chemicals, so why bother with the incidence studies - makes much more sense (and more likely to be funded) to jump right into the hypothesis testing studies, case-control design (if you're Karen Semchuk or Walter Rocca) or even cohort studies (if you're Alberto Ascherio and have access to the Nurses' Health Study). Which means the next section I oughta write up is the risk factor epidemiology section. I'm not convinced farming chemicals are going to be the big payoff everyone thought after Bill Langston found that MPTP outbreak back in what, 1986? I think there might be something else about farming. But we shall see. --

2437:

be that until Parkinson’s day the disease was very rare. Parkinson indeed noted conspicuous symptoms such as a gentleman who found it necessary to have a servant walk backwards in front of him to keep him from falling forward. It was not long following Parkinson that PD was noted to be among the more common illnesses seen in neurologic practice . Possibly some environmental exposure added significantly to the population risk of Parkinson’s Disease in the cities of the European Industrial Revolution. These may have now shifted to the rural areas as cities have become cleaner. This doesn't mean necessarily that the rural exposures are agriculturally related, but could be a result of some of the dirtier industries preferentially locating in more remote areas, whether to be near natural resources needed in that industry or to avoid the more restrictive regulatory environment of major cities.

2366:

iron deficiency) - and I still would like to know the incidence rates (clearly 100% of meat eaters do not go on to get PD, if 10% risk it might affect my dietary habits, but at 0.1% I might decide to ignore the risk). Similarly incidence rates are useful in health planning. Leaving aside reduced incidence rates if the causative factors are identified and eliminated, if 2% of the current population have already been exposed to a causative factor and will inevitably now get PD at some point, then this will be a major health care service requirement, yet if incidence rates are just 0.1% then provision needs are relatively small compared to other diseases. Even if cause of PD is found and 100% prevention ensues, I would still like to know how much of a historical imposition this was to healthcare/social-services/individuals (in increasing importance) :-)

3197:

specialty areas and are aware of what current conversations are happening. For instance, I was just looking over some old data of mine, and found a mild association between PD and heptachlor, a now-banned (mostly) insecticide that was used a lot by termite exterminators. Looking to see what's out there about heptachlor, I came across a hypothesis that it acts as a first blow to the dopamine producing areas, softening them up as it were, and making them vulnerable to damage from other factors that would not ordinarily cause problems. Interesting, eh? Anyway, before I went off on that digression, I want to ask you to please not take wrongly our valuing particular expertise. With one notable exception, we have not engaged in disparaging people based upon perceptions about qualifications. So don't take offense at us who do have higher degrees. --

523:

reception of prosody. Likewise vision and visual processing: the defects in vision are quite complex, seemingly a function of the combined effect of impaired attending, impaired gating of response, and slowed reaction time. The physical and cognitive and affective components of the disease are all snarled together, because the job of the pre-frontal cortex is precisely the integration of these kinds of inputs and outputs. The dysfunction observed in the prefrontal cortex when deprived of dopamine is subtle but radical: disconnects between physical stimulae and perception, between intention and action, between feelings and responses. At some point, these lists will not serve.

683:

something you had not intended, and which I had the temerity to question. Now that he/she has amended these citations such that they now all appear as different "link names", this has had the benefit of being an incremental improvement to the pathology section. To obtain each #bookmark simply required him/her to follow the original links, find the part of the page you were referring to, examine the HTML code, and constuct the external link complete with the bookmark accordingly. One might almost say that this could have been done without more than a rudimentary knowledge of biochemistry, as long as each bookmark name matched the topic you had described.

1218:

in western medicine we define diseases by three main ways: by the cause (eg. Tuberculosis or asbestosis), by the anatomic site affected (almost any cancer, or by the symptoms (Parkinson's, Depression, and tuberculosis before we knew about the bug). People can be sickened by a rhinovirus, and have differing constellations of symptoms - it does not negate the concept of 'common cold'. Just so, varying symptoms of Parkinson's patients does not negate that disease concept. One could argue that more successfully with something like "fibromyalgia" or "chronic fatigue syndrome", though. --

572:

a question re: pd data, since i looked up your professional affiliation, and am very pleased to have someone with a connection to booth gardner contributing as you are: what is your best sense of both incidence and prevalence of dementia, by subpopulations, and also across the broadest historical study that you're aware of? i have found radically divergent estimations--30%, 40%, 40-80%. it strikes me that there mu[st be some real bias in the data, because people who are doing badly are more frequently lost to follow-up than are indvidiausl who are doing well. barb

2302:

defined period of time. There are very few places in the world where that sort of study is practical Notice that I did include European studies. There are very few Asian PD epidemiologists, and those are mostly focused on risk factor epidemiology rather than descriptive epidemiology, although I have reviewed a prevalence study from Korea. The rates from northern California are solid because they come from a closed, well-defined population (Kaiser Permanente) with systematic surveillance mechanisms and excellent diagnostic standards (Dr. Caroline Tanner). --

986: 2244:

peer-reviewed articles (although I've been published in seven languages in over 150 countries), obtain grant funding (even though I have), or collaborate with others (even though I am doing so continuously, and have done so for many years). We've all been addressing you as a fellow scientist (even though you're not one yourself) when in reality you are a layman (even though I'm not). I'm very sorry for the confusion this must have caused you, we will all endeavour to explain the way of the world in simpler terms from here on. --

2327:

discrepency of reported incidence rates, this may indicate poor studies, different criteria for the studies (either diagnositic or inclusion criteria eg prospective or retrospective) or truely indicate that there might be genetic or environment variability. None of these suggest removing data just for being incomplete - WP after all specifically allows incomplete articles, namely stubs, which are tagged as such until they can be expanded into a full articles - no one goes about deleting stubs just for being incomplete.

2390:

Island, for instance, in the late 90s underwent a boom in old people because some very nice supported living and nursing homes were built, drawing lots of people from the surrounding counties (nobody lives in those counties anyway), so of course the Nebrasks Parkinson's registry observed a rise in prevalence in Grand Island. At the same time, however, an obnoxious neurologist in north-eastern Nebraska steadfastly refuses to report his PD patients to the registry, so of course prevalence seems low there. --

3326:

back. If I remember correctly, the user who added the Qigong piece was Barb Davidson, and as you can see sh'e not a daily visitor or even a weekly visitor. I'd suggesting restoring what you deleted and being a bit more patient. Or perhaps adding a reference that says "we ran a trial of Qigong on PD patients & it didn't work." The attitude of "everybody else misbehaves" really doesn't hold water, and in any case is not a valid reason for acting badly. --

31: 3431:

Qigong, and is followed by a dismissive sentence: "However, ... aerobic exercise had no benefit..." In exaggerated form, the text reads like this: "Hey, this one study supports Qigong! Isn't it awesome? Oh, there's this other study that said it didn't work, but it also said exercise didn't work, so forget about that one!" I would suggest removing the Qigong section and just including qigong in the list of physical exercise techniques. --

597:) Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have a significant risk of developing dementia in the course of their illness. Cross sectional studies suggest a dementia prevalence rate of 30% to 40%.1 Longitudinal studies indicate that the cumulative frequency of dementia in patients with PD is 60% to 80%.1 The risk of dementia for individuals with PD is approximately six fold greater than that of age matched controls. 3365:

under discussion as you have suggested. You added it over two months ago and nobody has discussed it. It is a blunt fact on this article that alterations are rarely justified after prior discussion. I think anyway that apart from really major changes that it is better to make alterations and to enter into disussions only if somebody disagrees with them, because most alterations are not objected to anyway. --

613:

accounts of dementia in PD were simply clinical observation, no comparisons. We thought, well for heavens sake!, people that age tend to get demented anyway. The question was (and still is) do people with PD get dementia at a different rate and in a different fashion than other people their age. We don't know, unless someone has answered the question since I last looked. --

3177:

Phd (MA journalism, MA linguistics, MA anthropology, MPH, ABD in Med Anthro, clinical work on drug resistance and TB in Thailand--1 1/2 years in the field there, 2 years in Africa, but I have early onset PD. That's the sole reason I don't have a Phd. The language of "Now we have this expert (MD OR PHD) and now we have that expert is more than a bit offensive. BDavidson

1388:

focused on farming & have been ever since Bill Langston found the MPTP outbreak, and even before - maybe since Barbeau? I will put my descriptive epidemiology, including incidence, section back as soon as things are open again, or in an appropriate sub-article. I'd frankly rather have epidemiology separate from pathophys, if you all don't mind. --

1734:

thought we were biting off too much. I should go back in on that, though - I think it still hasn't been done, and I have the credibility in the field. What do you guys think? The underlying alternate hypothesis is that dementia is diagnosed more often in PD patients because they're seen more often by docs and because docs are keyed to look for it. --

816:: "Since Knowledge is not divided into a macropaedia, micropaedia, and concise versions like Encyclopaedia Britannica is, we must serve all three user types in the same encyclopedia. Summary style is based on the premise that information about a topic should not all be contained in a single article since different readers have different needs; 148:, and it mentioned correct classification of 15 of 16 samples, not the 27 out of 28 cited above. This means there were only 8 cases and 8 controls, which is a pretty small sample size, certainly not enough to make the sweeping statement, "mitochondrial microheteroplasmic mutations may be the cause of the majority of PD cases." 3160:

Err, because the site is bursting at the seams with banner ads? Because the information adds nothing to what is on the article already? Spam doesn't have to be "blatant advertising" to be spam. If the intention of adding content to Knowledge is to drive traffic to a site, I'd say that's a pretty good

2900:

Some form of archiving is required - this page takes ages to load on my slow dial-up connection (almost makes me dread the boredom of waiting to view the latest postings here)- I agree in first instance archive off GTs trolling and then lets see if/where we wish to archive older historical discussion

1692:

4. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may be considered to improve motor function and reduce off time, dyskinesia, and medication usage (Level C). There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi)

1627:

Recently a colleague coincidentally emailed me an article from Neurology about PD. It was one of four reports on Parkinson's disease this year by the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. They were made through systematic review of the current literature by a committee

1387:

And I am back from the Society for Epidemiologic Research meeting in Seattle - and it was a very nice holiday, thank you. Twin studies and career studies I'm not sure on but can find out. Off the top of my head I'd bet Carlie Tanner did any twin studies. As far as careers go, we're all pretty tightly

1256:

When people refer to Parkinson's disease, it seems they are usually referring to the idiopathic disease first described by Dr. Parkinson. There are other less common diseases that are symptomatically similar to idiopathic Parkinson's, but either present with a few different symptoms, or have a known

961:

Right, that's better. OK what do you say we take up JFDWolff's suggestion about evidence? We could for instance start with adding and updating lines with the best evidence e.g. Cochrane reviews, then lit reviews, then big studies (esp RCTs), then small studies, then case series and then case reports.

858:

4. There are several people working on the article that are expert in various fields. For instance it would seem Profsnow is an epidemiologist, General Tojo is a biochemist, I'm a neuropsychologist. Therefore I would suggest that for now we stick firmly within our areas of expertise. We should find a

627:

I didn't see anything about Parkinson's speech in this article. That isn't my speciality but I regularly get calls from PD patients whose speech has been affected. Judging from these individuals, speech symptoms are one of the most devastating effects of PD, so this article should say something about

122:

There is also note of the following: Due to feedback inhibition, L-dopa causes a reduction in the body's own formation of L-dopa. So a point is reached where the drugs only work for periods of a few hours ("on" periods) which are sandwiched between longer interval during which the drugs are partially

3430:

I was surprised to see a whole subsection on Qigong in this article. The text itself seems to have a biased point of view. The first study presented supports Qigong, and is followed by a sentence mentioning the authors' speculations about "energy". The second study presented shows no benefit from

3401:

I agree, it would have been better if the editor had added it. But "Improve pages wherever you can, and don't worry about leaving them imperfect. However, avoid deleting information wherever possible. (from Knowledge:Editing policy)" I've added two references and rewritten that section in less time

3391:

The Knowledge guidelines require that somebody must be able to substantiate what they add. It is up to the editor to have that evidence available if it is asked for. However, since it was asked for the editor has unable to provide it. Improvements can be made by being either additive OR subtractive.

3207:

higher than what? i've jokingly tried to argue that a certain number of MAs should equal a Phd, but no luck so far. I finished field work and research, but a 1 1/2 year major depression, plus criminally inept psychiatry (no exaggeration; i'd sue except it would also cost me my family dr and mds--drs

3196:

Barb, it's good to see you back - you and Griffith had a pretty good page put together before the tojo makeover. Having said that, I truly don't see why conversations about having expertise on tap would be offensive. I regard it as a valuable resource, a groups of people who are plugged into various

3176:

I know I disappeared before things heated up around here--four psychiatric diagnoses, all wrong, but huge havoc to my life, damage to me emotionally, and hostility on my part toward med psych--but I wrote a good deal of early text which is preserved here. I am not adept in this format, do not have a

1580:

The time to diagnosis question is a good one. I've done some work on that and on time from initial diagnosis to final, correct diagnosis assuming the initial dx wasn't right. PD patients typically do not attach much significance to their initial symptoms at the time, but once diagnosed they realize

1345:

Hi GeekPhilospher, my understanding is this: If it looks like Parkinson's but it's not idiopathic (e.g. resulting for neuroleptics, MPTP exposure, brain damage) then it is parkinsonism. If it's MSA or PSP then it's a Parkinson's plus syndrome. I agree that things have got a bit confusing. There is a

1217:

Paul, - first, because PD is a disease with a long latency and development, with patients able to ignore symptoms or ascribe them to old age, presentation is highly variable and the collection of symptoms people will have through the course of their disease is likewise variable. Second, in nosology

698:

You know just reading this page again, I think it's insane that there's a whole page about these utterly unfounded theories about "toxins" before you get to a brief mention of the frontline, highly effective treatment for PD, being the Dopamine agonists! I might even go so far as to suggest there is

682:

code of the target page. The "clever" changes made by user:80.221.29.185 are just implementations of this general wiki format for external links. In his/her wisdom, he/she obviously grasped that in their original format, because all your citations looked identical, they gave an appearance of being

571:

dear afgriffith; you really did a super job. it's much clearer, more logical, and internally consistent. it also reads better. i appreciate that you left the language about patient rights and relationships, as that section above all others that i've contributed matters to me. i would like to ask you

3464:

not that I'm aware of, Kitty, but perhaps someone who's more of a clinician than I could address it. Swallowing difficulties are a pretty good early sign; our PD clinic is getting referrals from the gastrointestinal guys who are checking people for GERD with that little gadget that blows air at the

3325:

I'd suggest you peruse the discussion page a bit more carefully. Many of changes made over the past month were more in the way of improving readibility and flow. MMoneyPenny, for instance, did quite a bit of editting, and where he'she did change something substantive, we corresponded and changed it

3253:

page I created be merged into the main article. I originally created the page so that I could expand it beyond the scope of a main article. My intention was to add more about depression in PD, and our new postdoc who did her PhD on hallucinations in PD could expand the rest. However the GT incident

3180:

By all means, don't let that be a bar to editing here. The articles on Knowledge are not "owned" by anybody, you are free to write whatever you want whenever you want. However I think it can only help Knowledge that people who are professionals in a particular field do contribute to articles within

2436:

It's interesting that while PD in its later stages is readily noticeable and distinct, it was first described in detail by James Parkinson in 1817 , as the Industrial Revolution was gathering speed. A number of other neurologic conditions had been well described before that time. Therefore it might

2413:

A new section for the page, to go below "Descriptive Epidemiology". It would, I hope, help to answer some of the questions raised above, eg. "why aren't more descriptive studies being done?". One should perhaps call it "Analytic Epidemiology Studies", but that's a little too epidemiology-nerdy. So,

2365:

is not the case (hence a need appropriate studies). Even if hypothesis testing studies prove the cause, the cause might not be eliminatable: if it proved (for sake of discussion) due to nitrogenous toxins from meat-eating, then are people really going to fully stop eating meat (issues also of risks

2155:

I'm interested in the fact that when I use an appeal to authority (working at a large and prestigious hospital) you denigrate it, whereas when you're trying to persuade us, you want us to know that the trial is going on at another "of the largest and most prestigious hospitals in Britain". Or is it

2137:

I have seen some people rid their symptoms altogether, and have seen many more continuously reduce their symptoms. That is why one of the largest and most prestigious hospitals in Britain is very enthusiastically arranging a full scale clinical trial to prove this formally and on a large scale. The

2080:

I just read the article describing three patients with movement disorders. All of these patients underwent intensive investigation, since their symptoms were more than just parkinsonism (apraxia, etc.). It doesn't seem like these patients were given a primary diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, the

1709:

The Beck Depression Inventory-I, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale should be considered to screen for depression in PD (Level B). The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Cambridge Cognitive Examination should be considered to screen for dementia in PD

1270:

A terminology clarification would mostly help the pathophysiology section. As currently written, I think it is hard to tell which of the various listed genotypes, toxins, traumas, or drugs are causes of idiopathic Parkinson's, and which are causes of different diseases that present with symptoms of

2624:

that we can use to go into more detail. A postdoc just started in our team who specialises in hallucinations and I'd really like her to add more on non-motor symptoms. There simply isn't need for such detail on the main page though. If everyone's happy with the drug table I've put on the talk page

2459:

A question not fully addressed by the early studies is precisely what is meant by “rural living”. Does it refer to farming, cattle ranching, living in the deep woods? Barbeau and Zayed both differentiated rural areas into farming and areas of rural industries, but ranches have not to this writer's

2422:

Perception of a risk of Parkinson’s disease with rural exposures was not considered until the finding of acute Parkinson’s disease produced by a garage lab-made street narcotic in the early 80’s . Since MPTP resembles certain common herbicides (viz. paraquat), investigations of “rural” exposure or

2339:

See, David, here's the thing. What you're really after with descriptive epi is etiological hypotheses. As you know, prevalence studies are limited in their value for that because they're too prone to bias. Incidence studies are sounder methodologically, but tougher to do (ie expensive) because you

2291:

True Parkinson's disease is global and Knowledge is global. However, I think it's worthwhile to include the incidence rates, even if it's specific to one area. The information is factual and referenced. Instead of not including it at all, why not add information about incidence rates globally?

2040:

It is unreferenced, it has come from nowhere, and doesn't explain the relationship. Antiphospholipid syndrome is not associated with any extrapyramidal phenomena in the vast majority of cases. Essential tremor is usually ruled out early-on on clinical grounds. Wilson's disease should be mentioned,

914:

Prognosis This section has litle to do with the realities of what occurs in most people with Parkinson's Disease. The first section claims increased mortality, but even the second section nullifies it. It then misrepresents what usually occurs by implying that most people with PD die of pneumonia.

650:

I'm going to add to the mix my (probably) unwanted request to have in the pathology section something about the physiology of the diseas e.g. how the degenration of dopaminergic neurons causes the motor disorders. (Basal ganglia, anyone?). Yeah, and to ensure the universal hatred of me, four times

3347:

Yes, you did - you said "a custom that nobody else complies with". Literally, you didn't say "everybody else misbehaves" but that was certainly the meaning of your statement. Second, your point that "no alterationshave been made as a sresult of discussing them" is also incorrect, as you would see

3304:

Mr. Doyle - it's customary to talk things over on this page before deleting material from the article with no more than a statement of "no evidence". One could, for example, ask the editor to provide evidence that supports the assertion. I am not aware of evidence speficiclly for Qigong, but I am

3149:

Why exactly did Mwanner revert Npang's link ? To describe it as spam is either due to deceit or not actually reading it. Too often editors revert what they describe as spam that is not spam at all. Spam is blatant advertising, but the link goes to a non commercial site that is plainly a very good

883:

I support a revision, but please start by reducing unsourced nonsense. At the moment whole sections are unreferenced or use the p4.forumforfree.com site as sources. This is not acceptable. Scientific review articles are the ideal source, not primary studies (the impact of which cannot be judged).

504:

Psychiatric disturbances are a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is a degenerative disorder defined by its characteristic movement abnormalities. Its management is optimal when PD is viewed as a neuropsychiatric disorder, because this encourages consideration of the motor deficits

301:

Hitler's Parkinson's Disease was not caused by a gas attack. He did not have even his first noticeable symptom of Parkinson's Disease until 15 years after the gas attack in 1918. At the time, in 1918, he exhbited no symptoms that were Parkinson's Disease. The gas used in the attack was not one of

3364:

I did not claim that "everybody else misbehaves", and my statement did not imply it. My statement is entirely correct, and means nothing more than it states. Of the numerous edits over the months I see virtually no prior discussion. Your one counter example (Risk Factor Epidemiology) is not even

2301:

Incidence and prevalence vary globally for many reasons, primary among them being diagnostic and ascertainment differences, with risk factor and true rate differences adding to that variation. Incidence rates are ascertained by counting all cases of disease arising in a defined population over a

2063:

All of the above are well known to cause symptoms some of which can coincide with those of Parkinson's Disease. A link was previously provided to the Parkinsonism page of the The Parkinson's Disease Forum. They are also linked to pages on Knowledge where more information is given. So if somebody

1733:

Very nice; thank you. To my mind, we need a good study of the incidence of dementia in PD patients compared with general population of that age. I put in a proposal to the feds a coupla years back to do that, and included stuff about developing a dementia instrument specific to PD. The reviewers

1560:

I like the idea of a "differential diagnosis" section too. The "diagnosis" section does need plumping up too, maybe on average time to diagnosis or average symptom duration? Other things to include or link off to new articles might be dopamine challenge, DAT-scan, and of course progression. i.e.

612:

To current editors - I think both Griffith & Davids are no longer editting this, however they raise an interesting point. Coupla years ago I did a bit of research & susbequently submitted a grant ptoposal (turned down, sob!) with a friend who's a psychometrician because we found that the

2389:

Yup, good counter-points. Being an etiologic epidemiologist, the health services/public health impact tends to be something that occurs to me later rather than earlier, but of course for someplace like Nebraska, with a proportinally large old population, it's a serious matter. The town of Grand

1199:

I really like teh succinctness of this table, teh article can discuss at greater length each treatment group, but as a quick aid this is well thoughtout. The risk is that too much info gets inserted over time - shorter is better. Also standardise/shorten method descriptions as 'COMT inhibitor:

453:

Depression, anxiety, and executive dysfunction have been estimated to account for up to 70 percent of the disability associated with Parkinson disease. Dementia and psychosis may ultimately effect more than a third of all Parkinson patients. There is a movement among researchers and patients to

1825:

Parkinsonism is a syndrome of symptoms resembling idiopathic PD which usually does not usually respond to DA treatment such as sinemet or DA agonists. It can be caused by brain damage, vascular infarcts, and toxins. Sometimes it is progressive, sometimes not. In the case of toxicity, it may be

522:

The lists as constituted are poor vehicles for certain symptom sets: for example, speech-language problems. In PD, there are defects in articulation and breath support and voicing, but there are also problems with comprehension of complex syntax, with word finding, and with both expression and

3212:

Barb, I'm going to offer some unsolicited (maybe) advice - "higher degree", "advanced degree" and the like are common usage; there's no implication that the bearer thereof is of greater value. The education likely is of greater value - PhDs are qualitatively different from Masters, but you're

2451:

Before the MPTP studies, a study in Finland relied upon the traditional two stage prevalence study design to examine descriptive epidemiology issues, but did not find a significant rural/urban difference, something they do not remark upon. While they did not regard this as a major concern,

1843:

Parkinson Plus is clinically highly relevant, e.g. when there is a need to treat autonomic phenomena in MSA with autonomic features (formerly Shy-Drager). Toxins are certainly relevant, and if there has been rapid clinical deterioration a clinician may suspect carbon monoxide poisoning. Other

727:

This article is currently too long. There is some very useful stuff in here but it's not the sort of thing that's directly relevant to someone looking it up for the first time. There are also glaring omissions such as the diagnostic process. I am trying my best to chunk off new articles in as

144:

I believe this passage from the Toxins section strongly overstates the relative importance of ND5 mutations in particular, and microheteroplasmic mutations in general with respect to the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease. The only PubMed article I could find on ND5 mutations being used to

3411:

What you have done, the Qijong editor should have been ready to do long ago. I did not know of "avoid deleting information wherever possible". If somebody has added that George W.Bush is Bulgarian I will leave it intact. Despite this suggestion/rule, I see a huge amount of information on the

2778:

I've blocked Dundee Cake as tojo. If there's no use in having these pages, I could just delete them; or I (or anyone else) could remove all the content and redirect them here; or if anyone wants it to, the AfD discussion can continue: that's the default action unless there's a near-universal

575:

Thanks, Barb. I'm working on this article section by section, mostly trying to reorganize without completely overwriting what has gone before, unless it's inaccurate or outdated. With respect to your question about dementia, I think Heiko Braak's work on Parkinson disease pathology is most

2564:

While the article is protected (which is likely to last a few weeks), we should discuss which sections of this important article need improvements, and in what way. I think the "toxins" section, despite General Tojo's insistence, occupies way too much space and should be reduced to the most

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knowledge been examined for association with PD, and the size of a community before it is termed ‘rural’ has had only cursory examination. Most of the arly studies focused upon proxies for chemical exposure such as use of well water or length of time spent in farming regions or occupations.

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Numerous case-control studies (Need a definition here?) report elevation of risk in rural areas , a few report elevated risk in urban areas , and there are reports of no association . Part of these differences are likely a result of geographic differences (comparing China versus Kansas, for

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I had incorrectly assumed that because you used the language of a scientist and spoke with such authority that you might actually be one. But if you don't have a PhD (even though I have three) then no wonder you're unable to work within the field (although I have all my adult life), publish

141:"microheteroplasmic mutations in one of the mitochondrial complex I genes, ND5, were found to be sufficient to diagnose sporadic PD correctly in 27 out of 28 cases. While additional studies are needed, mitochondrial microheteroplasmic mutations may be the cause of the majority of PD cases." 2326:

Limited quoting of incidence rates is useful - either it highlights a need for the WP article to have a more rounded review of reported results added, or if there is a paucity of studies from which cite then that in itself is notable and should be commented upon. Likewise if there is great

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a new page called "hypotheses for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease" in which these theories can be vaguely alluded to, but for now I think there is far too much emphasis placed on these scatty paragraphs. If the majority of other editors are in agreement I will begin the pruning. --

3314:

None of the numerous alterations made to this article over the past month have been justified by prior discussion. I should not have to comply with a custom that nobody else complies with. Evidence was asked for concerning Qijong as soon as it was added, but none has ever been provided.

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Very few do, and the biochemistry of pneumonia has nothing to do with PD biochemistry. In disorders such as HIV it is reelvant to describe what usually eventually occurs. However, in PD there is no usual. The prognosis section is misleading, and of no practical use to anyone with PD.

381:, by Joseph Jankovic, M.D., an internationally recognized expert on Parkinson disease, and the medical director of the Udall Parkinson Disease Research and Treatment Center in Houston (Note: “Udall Center” is a federal designation denoting excellence in PD treatment and research): 2727:. As I am not familiar enough with the topic to determine if these are valid content spin-offs or POV forks, and given the current protection status of the main article, I am bringing attention to the articles here so that appropriate actions may be taken by others if needed. -- 1513:

and Wilson's disease have been included as part of the Parkinson-plus diseases. However, while they may be associated with parkinsonism, my (naive) sense is that these are distinct clinical entities and would not be considered a Parkinson-plus disease like Shy-Drager syndrome.

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3. Predictive factors for faster disease progression (more rapid motor progression, nursing home placement, and shorter survival time) include older age at onset of PD, associated comorbidities, presentation with rigidity and bradykinesia, and decreased dopamine responsiveness.

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Hi Gerard, as a relatively new editor I would invite you to contribute further to wikipedia. Perhaps if you come across articles that need sources it might be helpful to go and find sources which either support or refute your statement rather than removing text outright? Also,

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Just to clarify, my understanding is that reactions to toxins like cyanide produce an acute onset syndrome resembling Parkinson's disease. But they do not produce Parkinson's. Is that correct? So should these toxins be listed under Parkinsonism rather than Parkinson's disease?

632:. What I wrote is too short to be a WikiBook, but the subject is too big for a Knowledge article. I'm hoping that someone with more expertise will expand my WikiBook article. I also added a link at the bottom of the Knowledge article to my WikiBooks article, and a link to 384:“Recent animal research has provided strong evidence that exercise can increase brain levels of neurotrophic factors, increase resistance to brain insult or injury, and improve learning and mental as well as motor performance.” Dr. Jankovic is a highly credible sourcer. 1681:

1. Entacapone and rasagiline should be offered to reduce off time (Level A). Pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole, and tolcapone should be considered to reduce off time (Level B). Apomorphine, cabergoline, and selegiline may be considered to reduce off time (Level C).

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of misdiagnosis for a given disease, thereby correcting for the rarity. When you have diseases such as PD that are defined and diagnosed solely by symptoms that vary from person to person and even for hour to hour, both clinical diagnosis and research can be tricky.

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Dear A: I'd like to use your first name some variant of it, but don't wish to be presumtuous. may i use your your/ first initial? i'd also ask if you'd take a look at both this article and the wikipedia dementia article, in light of a citation i just came across:

325:

One of the symptoms mentioned is "micrographia (small handwriting)" — is this accurate? Is small handwriting symptomatic of disease? Either way, the link currently goes to an article about a popular science book, which I don't think was the author's intention. --

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Just because a trial is being discussed it doesn't mean it will happen. Even if it does it does not mean it will work. I've seen major hospitals do trials of quack substances before just out of curiosity. Also if there's money involved they'll do quite a lot of

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Marsh L, Berk A. Division of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Geriatric and Neuropsychiatry Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Phipps 300-C, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

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General Tojo from what I understand you are a biochemist. Not a patient. Not an advocate. Not a clinican. Therefore on what basis can you put yourself forward as a representative of "anyone with PD"?. Frankly I'm not finding your edits to be helpful.

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While I am familiar with feedback inhibition in situations such as steroids and testosterone, I have not seen a study that addresses nor suggests that there is feedback inhibition. It may be premature to suggest that feeback inhibition is a problem.

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along with its psychiatric and cognitive aspects. This review addresses the diagnosis and treatment of the most common psychiatric disorders in PD, and provides an update of related clinical research, including studies on neurosurgical treatments.

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It is obvious that we're talking here about dementia as part of Parkinson's. Also, they are both fairly common and it's quite possible that someone with Parkinson's will also develop dementia (James + Alois). All this is not reason to remove the

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toxicities are not generally suspected unless there are obvious clues (e.g. plethora and/or polycythemia in chronic HbCO). This is one of the reasons why in the UK the diagnosis of PD is now left to neurologists rather than general physicians.

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put me off editing for a bit. If we leave the link there for now I will expand it in the coming months. But if other editors want to delete it for now that's fine too and I can always reinitialise it once some new content has been written. --

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I have finished refactoring the page. I tried to remove all the extraneous conversations, and in a few cases summarized people's words. Please correct any mistakes I made. The un-refactored version will of course be available in the history.

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Parkinson disease is used in American scientific literature. There has been a move away from the apostrophe (e.g. Alzheimer disease vs. Alzheimer's disease). The British and the rest of the world use "Parkinson's disease" (preferred term).

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I think it is more than worthwhile to mention amphetamines as a possible cause. (Minor comment reg. your last statement: the epidemic was in 1919-20 and the movie appears to play in the early fifties...which fits to the CV of Oliver Saks :-)

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You know what? I was looking through the older versions of the article, and up till Feb 2006 or so, as Barb Davids finished up her contributions, this was a pretty darn good page. Needed some epidemiology, of course, but it was pretty good.

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I agree with JFW that a laundry list of diseases that may resemble Parkinson's disease is not necessarily that useful (e.g. echoing again antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, which is quite distinct diagnostically and clinically).

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Is the size a problem? I think most stuff before Jan 2006 is no longer active, since those earlier contributors - like BLDavids - aren't around anymore. A shame, but part of the size problem is Bridgeman's proliferative posting.

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So let me summarise then - there is no current available cure for Parkinson’s, but you are involved in a study that hopes to change this. Whilst I wish the study luck, there is therefore, as yet, no published peer-reviewed paper

1952:

I wasn't sure why the link to the experimental model of rotenone toxicity was deleted, so I restored the text. The speculation here is grounded in a published article, so I think it's worthwhile including the reference.

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2. The available evidence does not establish superiority of one medicine over another in reducing off time (Level B). Sustained release carbidopa/levodopa and bromocriptine may be disregarded to reduce off time (Level C).

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1. Early falls, poor response to levodopa, symmetry of motor manifestations, lack of tremor, and early autonomic dysfunction are probably useful in distinguishing other parkinsonian syndromes from Parkinson disease (PD).

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Screening tools are available for depression and dementia in patients with PD, but more specific validated tools are needed. There are no widely used, validated tools for psychosis screening in Parkinson disease (PD).

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I like the differential diagnosis section with pointers very much, Andrew. Familial tremor is, of course, far and away the most common miss, probably simply because it's common. So perhaps we should think in terms of

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I haven't claimed that "everybody else misbehaves". I pointed out that no alterationshave been made as a sresult of discussing them, and that there is no reason why I alone should have to discuss everything first.

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the page, removing GT's remarks and all the replies to them. They'll still be in the history if anyone wants to refer to them. I'll be sure and leave the drug table. I'll try to do it tomorrow if no one objects.

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their fields. That doesn't mean they take them over! I only know about a small slice of PD, and many of the other physicians contributing here are not PD specialists. My text below was in regards to expanding a

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And we do have an epidemiologist knocking around, ProfSnow, who should be back from holiday tomorrow. Twin studies are important, as are the suggestions of a premorbid low-sensation-seeking personality. Cheers,

1263:

I have heard various researchers propose using the term "parkinsonism" when referring to diseases similar, but not identical, to idiopathic Parkinson's. (The "Related Diseases" section seems to allude to that.)

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page off of the main PD page which would go into more detail on a particular aspect, namely non-motor symptoms. I did not think that could be interpreted as offensive, but if you are offended than I apologise.

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reversible following removal of the toxin. The most obvious case I have heard of is poisoning by antipsychotic medication leading to an acute but reversible parkinsonism. Other toxic causes may be irreversible.

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2. The article goes in to too much detail about the biochemistry of Parkinson's, which whilst informative and valid is too complex for the vast majority of readers. In particular please consider this from

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Although many people may be misdiagnosed at any one particular timepoint, diagnoses can be revised if a period of time has past in which progression is at an unusual rate (either too fast or too slow). --

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I would like to propose that blind reverts are not performed on this article. Rather, a contentious edit can be discussed on this very talkpage, and reverted if other editors agree it was not appropriate.

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Understood the idea and actually fixed the links to point straight to the correspondings posts rather than the first one. Maybe that way it does not seem so repetitive. Still think it's overkill though.--

3117:

Perhaps the easier route might be to not incorporate the sections DocROgers is concerned about. An earlier revision, with lots of work by users AFGriffithMD and Bldavids, has a lot of good material.

1637:

Anyway, I think the 4 articles outline quite well the important questions and the answers currently known regarding diagnosis and treatment of PD, so I'm copying the conclusions from their abstracts:

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instance), part due to methodologic problems, but part remains unexplained. Carlie Tanner suggests risk is associated with rural living in developed countries and city living in poorer countries.

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policy. If and when the study you are involved with is published, then medical knowledge will have advanced and wikipedia will I am sure reflect this (with suitable citations provided to verify).

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Speaking of these causes, I've heard of several twins studies and of a career study, the results of which would enhance the epidemiology section. Is there an epidemiology-saavy person out there?

310:(a kind of sleeping sickness). There was an epidemic in the 1910's and a lot of people who suffered from the disease later developed PD. These are people Oliver Sacks wrote about in Awakenings. 1832:

Parkinson's Plus refers to PSP and MSA which are important to identify for the reason that they can be more aggressive and in the case of PSP have greater ocular and cognitive involvement. --

2357:

Thanks for the points raised. My posting was mainly counter-arguement to DiamondPlus objecting to any such incidence info, if not a complete world-picture. You make some good points, but if

1976:

Is there a guideline on what order to put external links in? It's a bit higgledypiggledy. First it's GT's forum, then one for Europe, then Canada... Alphabetical? By size of organisation? --

223:

Does Ozzy Ozbourne really have Parkinsons Disease? I know he has Parkinsonian symptoms, but I thought it was due to drug-induced damage to the dopaminergic system rather than actual PD. -

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If I recall correctly, I think you may have been the one who originally incorporated this information in the Knowledge article! Isn't this sort of like the pot calling the kettle black?

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26. Semchuk K.M., Love E.J. and Lee R.G., Parkinson's disease and exposure to rural environmental factors: A population based case-control study, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 18, 279, 1991.

2277:. I imagine this is practically relevant information that should be kept in the article. (I'm not saying that tyramine-containing foods are a treatment for Parkinson's disease!) 2452:

slightly later workers, in particular Ali Rajput cite the Langston work as a rationale for believing rural living to be a concern. Later workers followed Rajput’s lead in this.

2273:

I've included the comment about tyramine-containing foods being okay with MAO-B inhibitors in order to distinguish it from other MAO inhibitors that are used for depression, e.g.

3284:- it recommends (amongst other things) that all patients with Parkinsonian symptoms are referred to a specialist for adequate diagnosis, rather than management by generalists. 2260:) to back up the current accepted wisdom that Parkinson’s is incurable - assertions to the contrary is, for now, just personal opinion/speculation and not acceptable under 2225:. Is there a similar reporting mechanism for this trial? I'm surprised that the full formulation has not yet been disclosed if it's already undergoing a clinical trial. 2105:

Well then it's not a personal attack as you claimed when I point out that PhD's mean nothing. I assume you don't have one? The bare minimum qualification as a scientist? --

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I'm inclined to think with what we've got from the pre-Bridgeman days (before Feb 2006) and what the rest of can contribute, we have plenty of solid, accurate material. --

1277:

Which of the aforementioned mentioned causes will induce parkinsonism all by themselves, and which are associated with the disease without causing it singlehandedly? (see

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Not to mention he directed us yet again to his private PD pages. And reminded us that there was some sort of copyright violation somewhere. Maybe we copied his copies. --

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I'd like to thank DocRogers for removing a lot of the irrelevant info that has been clogging up that article for a while. Please don't anybody revert his improvements. --

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I think it is worthwhile to mention that the drug Selegiline (Eldepryl) which appears to inhibit disease progression is broken down into amphetamine and methamphetamine.

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are brought. Alternatively, we can start by simply presenting basic treatment algorhythms and leave in-depth comparison between the drugs for a separate page, such as

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are brought. Alternatively, we can start by simply presenting basic treatment algorhythms and leave in-depth comparison between the drugs for a separate page, such as

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18. Rajput A.H. et al., Geography, drinking water chemistry, pesticides and herbicides and the etiology of Parkinson's Disease, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 14, 414, 1987.

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11. Svenson L.W., Platt G.H. and Woodhead S.E., Geographic variations in the prevalence rates of Parkinson's disease in Alberta, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 20, 307, 1993.

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That's what I thought ... I think this should be discussed in the pathophysiology section, because it doesn't really read that way now. I actually rather agree with

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All editors please familiarise yourself with cite.php and make it a habit to cite peer-reviewed academic studies rather than URLs on potentially unreliable websites.

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sounds good ... I will see what I can do incorporating that into the pathophysiology section. Speaking of, is "pathophysiology" the best name for that section? --

2179:

Yup, all the neurologists I know are quite handy with their biochemistry actually. It sort of helps when you're prescribing drugs, but you've never done that.--

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decreases dopamine metabolism' & 'MAOB inhibitor: decreases dopamine metabolism' and reverse word-order Levodopa method of action to 'Dpopamine precursor'.

202:

I'm sorry I edited the page. I was trying to prove to someone it doesn't actually edit it in real-time. Boy was I wrong. I did fix it though. Sorry again.

1962:

On the subject, I noticed there is a mistake in spelling in a sentance in that part of the article. Rotenone is an insecticide that has the (poptential)... --

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28. Sethi K. et al., Neuroepidemiology of Parkinson's disease: Analysis of mortality data for the U.S.A. and Georgia, Intern. J. Neuroscience, 46, 87, 1989.

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I am acting in good faith to make this a better article to read as I worry that a newly diagnosed patient would come across this and be utterly flummoxed!

3263:

I have begun work on this page. Would appreciate input from everybody else on this one too if you have time, especially wikification of my text! Cheers! --

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For psychosis in PD, clozapine should be considered (Level B), quetiapine may be considered (Level C), but olanzapine should not be considered (Level B).

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25. Stern M. et al., The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease: a case-control study of young-onset and old-onset patients, Arch. Neurol., 48, 903, 1991.

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8. Aquilonius S.M. and Hartvig P., A Swedish county with unexpectedly high utilization of anti-Parkinsonian drugs, Acta. Neurol. Scand., 74, 379, 1986.

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rather than under Parkinson's disease. Or alternatively, perhaps a section about differential diagnosis, so that the distinction can be more explicit.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12567332&query_hl=21&itool=pubmed_docsum

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15790541&query_hl=25&itool=pubmed_docsum

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I could be mistaken, but except possibly for acute PD and MPTP, I don't think there are any unilateral causes. Here's a worthwhile article on causation

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15043801&query_hl=3&itool=pubmed_docsum

1455:, which is PD due to its age. The image is not very good, however, and I do not know the painter or other source. Ok, hope this helps, best wishes, -- 2511:

15. Bermejo F. et al., Problems and issues with door-to-door, two-phase surveys: An illustration from central Spain, Neuroepidemiology 20, 225, 2001.

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1. Langston J.W., Ballaro P. and Tetrud J.W., Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of mepridine-analog synthesis, Science, 219, 979, 1983.

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Thanks, Tom - good work. Hope this helps you, David. Alternatively I hope Santa Claus (or maybe your Hallowe'en bag) brings you a fast connection. --

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Here's the early risk factor epidemiology, which was heavily influenced by Langston's findings, although at that time no animal model for PD existed.

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Actually, they do and it is. and in any case, so what? Biochemists don't study neurophysiology, so shouldn't be expounding on neurologic diseases. --

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I think we're on the same page. These disorders which have similar symptoms like Wilson's disease, etc. would probably be better off included under

1909:

p.s. Updated the drugs table above. We could if we wanted to split off another page for that as suggested a while back by JFDWolff, copied below. --

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symptom on that day was the (clinical) start. I don't recall details, but the work I did showed that time to dx was shorter for women, of course. --

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of the "prognosis" section. However, I would still like to see some data on the actual odds of death for PD patients. The argument that PD does not

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revision immediately predates the first entries by a user who posted links to p4.forumforfree.com/parkinsons.html The Parkinson's Disease Forum. --

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27. Barbeau A. et al., Ecogenetics of Parkinson's Disease: Prevalence and environmental aspects in rural areas, Can. J. Neurol. Sci.,14, 36, 1987.

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wants to expand on this section with additional brief inormation for each disorder the links and information are available for them to do this.

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The statement is accurate; it's a classic symptom. So, its presence is definitely informative but not diagnostic. sensitive but not specific.

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readily by perusing this page. Just an example, the section on Risk Factor Epidemiology above is currently under discussion for inclusion. --

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Talk page now a pleasure to visit it loads so fast :-) Suspect will need wish hard, as would need faster computer to cope with broadband...

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Thanks for the information. I'm not familiar with how clinical trials are done in the UK, but in the U.S. they're generally registered at

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or ventral intermediate (VIM) nucleus of the thalamus in reducing off time, dyskinesia, or medication usage, or to improve motor function.

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13. Tanner C.M. and Langston J.W., Do environmental toxins cause Parkinson's disease? A critical review, Neurology, 40(supp 3), 17, 1990.

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2. Levodopa or apomorphine challenge and olfactory testing are probably useful in distinguishing PD from other parkinsonian syndromes.

1290:. I adhere mostly to the Rothman model of causation, with a little Popper thrown in (we were all mad for Popper about 20 years ago). -- 336:

Well, micrographia alone is not particularly indicative of PD. In the context of other symptoms, though, it is an informative symptom.

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22. Tanner C.M., et al., Dietary antioxidant vitamins and the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease, Neurology 39(suppl), 181, 1989.

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I ended up including a later version (I don't remember the exact one), before it morphed into something like the viartis.net entry.

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9. Rybicki B.A. et al., Parkinson’s disease mortality and the industrial use of heavy metals in Michigan, Mov. Disord., 8, 87, 1993.

532:

I agree, the symptom section needs to be reorganized. I did a bit of minor cleanup in one section, but it should be something like:

183:. The encephalitis had occurred 50 years earlier and the infection was over. However it had left damage, causing their Parkinsonism. 2716: 2481:

5. Charcot J.M., Lectures On The Diseases Of The Nervous System, Vol 1, Sigerson G., trans. London: The New Sydenham Society, 1878.

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cause death is quite irrelevant: it predisposes for lethal conditions. Heart attacks do not cause death - only cardiac arrest does.

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Cholinesterase inhibitors are effective treatments for dementia in PD, but improvement is modest and motor side effects may occur.

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29. Tanner C.M. et al., Environmental factors and Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in China, Neurology, 39, 660, 1989.

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7. Barbeau A. and Roy M., Uneven prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in the province of Quebec, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 12,169,1985b.

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23. Zayed J. et al., Facteurs environnementaux dans l'étiologie de la maladie de Parkinson, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 17, 286, 1990.

1985:

You mean order at the bottom of the article? I think it simply goes by order of citation in the article; I could be mistaken...--

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6. No manual therapy has been shown to be helpful in the treatment of motor symptoms, although studies in this area are limited.

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12. Barbeau A. et al., Environmental and genetic factors in the etiology of Parkinson's Disease, Adv. Neurol., 45, 299, 1985a.

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established toxic causes (e.g. MTPT, HbCO). There may be room for a subarticle if all material is found to be highly-relevant (

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3. Ross G.W. et al., Association of coffee and caffeine intake with the risk of Parkinson disease, JAMA, 283(20), 2674, 2000.

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Agree, it needs to be debulked or spun off into a subarticle. Right now, it reads like a laundry list. I'm surprised that H

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methods Wimpys so called experts support could never cure anyone because they are so scientifically unsound from the outset.

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1. Everyone who has a PhD has expertise in that subject ??? Be serious. He never said that - you're setting up a strawman. --

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30. Sasco A.J. and Paffenbarger R.S. Jr., Measles infection and Parkinson's disease, Am. J. Epidemiol., 122(6), 1017, 1985.

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21. Tanner C.M., Influence of environmental factors on the onset of Parkinson's disease, Neurology, 36(suppl), 215, 1986.

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The first name seems to be the more popular and proper one, being referenced more often in recent literature and on Google.

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14. Marttila R.J. and Rinne U.K., Epidemiology of Parkinson’s Disease in Finland, Acta. Neurol. Scandinav., 53, 81, 1976.

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Parkinson's disease is progressive and responds to dopamine therapy and is the main clinical syndrome we all know and love.

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Why not just archive all that is GT-related and leave the actual discussions up? Also please leave my drug table there! --

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I'd like to archive the older parts of this talk page. Is there a date before which the discussions are no longer active?

1888:- The level of detail here might be too much for the overview article. Suggest creating new article for full biochemistry. 849: 3081:

Okay, I restored an earlier version of the toxins section that does not incorporate material from the viartis.net site.

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Agreed. I tried clarifying that with a sentence in the beginning, but perhaps this needs to be stated more explicitly.

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I would propose we try and get together a brief table of meds that patients might find useful, like a cutdown version of

2514:

16. Rajput A.H. et al., Etiology of Parkinson’s disease: environmental factor(s), Neurology, 34 (Supp I, 1), 207, 1984.

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If I could offer one piece of advice, it would be to let that particular somnolent canine go about its theta waves. --

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19. Ho S.C., Woo J. and Lee C.M., Epidemiologic study of Parkinson's disease in Hong Kong, Neurology, 39, 1314, 1989.

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Reduces "wearing off". When used with L-Dopa reduces the amount of the latter required, thereby reducing liklihood of

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24. Butterfield P.G. et al., Environmental antecedents of young-onset Parkinson's disease, Neurology, 43,1150, 1993.

2965:) unprotected the page, and within hours Tojo is all over it again. I see no other option but to protect it again. 2257: 1484: 1410: 969: 823:

others need a moderate amount of info on the topic's more important points (a set of multi-paragraph sections), and

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the exact same link about the already well (perhaps even too) detailed biochemistry is definitely an overkill... --

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I'm going to be working on the pathology/pathophysiology section next, and will have more to say on that subject.

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I see 22.7 million for "Parkinson Disease" and 23.3 million for "Parkinson's Disease". The apostrophes have it. --

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17. Rajput A.H. et al., Early onset Parkinson's disease and childhood environment, Adv. Neurol., 45, 295, 1986.

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10. Granieri E. et al. Parkinson’s disease in Ferrara, Italy, 1967 through 1987, Arch.. Neurol., 48, 854, 1991.

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At present we have no Knowledge neurologist, so unless one of you can recruit one we'll have to make do without.

464:

If you have documentary support for this shift in paradigm it would make a very important point in the article.

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2. Langston J.W. and Irwin I., MPTP: current concepts and controversies, Clin. Neuropharmacol., 9, 485, 1986.

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2. None of those people he referred to have ever cured anyone of Parkinson's Disease is a very relevant fact.

1702:"Evaluation and treatment of depression, psychosis, and dementia in Parkinson disease" (Neurology 66:996-1002) 826:

some readers need a lot of detail on one or more aspects of the topic (links to full-sized separate articles)."

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Sorry Keith, I do apologise. I can see now where this has all sprung up from, it's a great misunderstanding.

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illuminating. He published an article in Neurology linking incidence of dementia to severity of pathology.

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While we're at it, I also restored the "see also" section. This one, however, may need some population. --

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We've got a neurologist on board already, user AFGriffithMD. He's in on discussions further up the page. --

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I am dubious about the alleged "neuroprotective effect" of exercise. I'd like to see a reference please. --

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6. Gowers W.R., Diseases Of The Nervous System, American ed. Philadelphia: P Blakiston, Son and Co, 1888.

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Just ideas to cut down on article size and varying levels of detail, let's discuss before doing anything.

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Please use your judgement in moving unsupported material to the talkpage, always leaving clear and polite

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I have noticed two new articles that are possible forks of this article have recently been created by a

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aware of ongoing clinical trials that support a beneficial effect of a variety of exercise programs. --

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I've made a first early attempts to start citing material from Pubmed. I've also paved the way for the

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I would appreciate the input of ALL the other editors on this article to help improve this article. --

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This is the next section in need of a major overhaul. Subsections probably need to be something like:

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Hope that's of interest (despite the length). I think it may help with cleaning up the PD article. --

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20. Koller W. et al., Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease, Neurology, 40, 1218, 1990.

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5. Until these principles are agreed I don't think anyone should make anymore changes to the page. --

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weaken the emphasis on "movement disorder" and strengthen the emphasis on "neuropsychiatric disease".

1656:"Neuroprotective strategies and alternative therapies for Parkinson disease" (Neurology 66:976-982) 1604:

An RCT is a Randomized Clinical Trial. A comprehensive summary of current knowledge would be here:

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concern that you raised. It seems a bit of an overcall then to include APA in the differential.

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I don't see any reason why we can't make PD as good if not better and make it a featured article.

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Katharine Hepburn did not have Parkinson's Disease. She had a condition called Essential tremor.

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I would suggest trying out "Braintalk 2" whilst BT1 is down but Bridgeman is there already too.

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3. Neurologists do not study biochemitsry. It is simply not part of a medical degree courses.

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It's not so long as to be a problem, if it's useful to keep it. I'll leave it alone for now.

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5. Preoperative response to levodopa predicts better outcome after DBS of the STN (Level B).

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3. There are other articles about neurological disease which are better. IMHO these include:

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Looking the material over, those are almost certainly posted by Bridgeman, aka General Tojo

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it's worth noting that ritalin is quite useful for the ADD like deficits in attention in PD.

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many readers need just a quick summary of the topic's most important points (lead section),

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4. Parkinson J., An Essay On The Shaking Palsy, London: Sherwood, Neely and Jones, 1817.

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but not in such a random fashion (young PD patients should have copper studies, though).

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3. There is no evidence that vitamin or food additives can improve motor function in PD.

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Actually, the formation of dopamine is studied in medical school, at least in the U.S.

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Sorry I wasn't logged in, I'm away from home and clearly failing to have my wikibreak --

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I'm not sure what the copyright violation is specifically. Perhaps it's just a ruse.

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article as I think this could turn into a disproportinately large part of the article.

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Amitriptyline may be considered to treat depression in PD without dementia (Level C).

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pretty up to date, paul, as a friend just told me same yesterday. thanks for support.

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neurologist to take an overview of the introduction, diagnosis, prognosis sections.

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I don't think this article is complete without at least a cursory mention of the UK

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Motor symptoms (including levodopa, dopamine agonists, amantadine, rasagiline, etc.)

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I think it's confusing to refer to these Parkinson's-like diseases as Parkinson's.

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Is reduced awareness of temperature (i.e. too cold or too hot) a symptom of PD? -

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which incorporates people said to have died from it, or complications around it-

1632: 593:) "making it the most common cause of degenerative dementia after AD" and also: ( 401:. (Then click on "Related Articles" and you'll see many studies on the topic.) -- 378: 2766: 2729: 2363:"we think we've already got some pretty good ideas and what might be causing it" 1749:

Some of the other common disease have lists of afflicted famous people, such as

1641:"Diagnosis and prognosis of new onset Parkinson disease" (Neurology 66:968-975) 1312: 368: 224: 46:

If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the

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Certainly look that way to me. Admins can you nominate for deletion please? --

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Have you ever cured anyone of PD? Last I heard it was an incurable disease. --

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COMT inhibitor, decreases metabolism of dopamine thereby increasing half-life

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MAOB inhibitor, decreases metabolism of dopamine thereby increasing half-life

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paragraph. I'm pleased to see that General Tojo has now agreed to only remove

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Everyone might find it useful to read this section if they haven't already:

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I'm going to try to outline my rationale for a major revision of the article

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Parkinson's speech. I've written a short article about Parkinson's speech in

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Symptoms that cross over the physical into the cognitive and affective realms

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Is this sufficient? It's not a flippant question: I don't know the standard.

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I'm pretty sure its a parkinsonism just like you describe, not PD. Article?

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Add-on therapy, may improve "wearing off" effects of dopamine replacement

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Can we get a list from a reliable medical textbook, instead of someone's

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Knowledge:Reliable sources#Finding a good source may require some effort

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rational a fashion as possible in accordance with these two guidelines:

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I hope you will find being additive more enjoyable than subtractive! --

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Diseases that are in the differential for Parkinson's disease include:

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Perhaps this article could do something similar with the terminology?

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Perhaps you could provide more specifics about which linked sites?

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May help with tremor, may be particularly useful for young-onset PD

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Knowledge:Articles for deletion/The symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

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This is a useful way of presenting this information, especially if

1896:- A version of this that cited original references could be useful. 1611: 1168:

This is a useful way of presenting this information, especially if

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Add-on therapy, may reduce the dose of dopamine replacement needed

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Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2003 May;5(1):68-76. Related Articles, Links

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Image:Sir William Richard Gowers Parkinson Disease sketch 1886.jpg

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cause (that means they're not really idiopathic anymore, right?).

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Treats symptoms of PD. May be more suitable for younger patients.

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Neuropsychiatric aspects of Parkinson's disease: recent advances.

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from my talk page, massive thanks to Chris_73, all round legend:

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only institutions which you deem to be large and prestigious? --

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3. Amantadine may be considered to reduce dyskinesia (Level C).

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1. Levodopa does not appear to accelerate disease progression.

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5. Speech therapy may be helpful in improving speech volume.

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Associated with fibrotic heart disease, may increase risk of

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Non-motor symptoms (antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics)

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Perhaps we could start a new wikiproject, "glib-o-pedia"? --

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Can someone more talented than me integrate these images? --

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article, I don't know if you'd like to weave those together.

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Terminology depends on which side of the Atlantic you are on

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than it took us all to have this drawn-out discussion!!! --

2625:(or would like to add to it) then I think we should have a 1861:

Some ideas for parts that could be split off into new pages

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of movement disorder specialists and general neurologists.

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See Neurology 66(7):966-1002 ... it's free to download at

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Sorry gotta go, back Monday. References would be nice! --

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4. Exercise may be helpful in improving motor function.

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b) Unilateral Causes vs. Part of Multifactorial Disease

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http://jnnp.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/extract/76/7/903

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Parkinsons article that has previously been deleted. --

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I reduced to semi-protection, as Tojo uses newer socks

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Agreed. Please note that I created two other subpages,

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Could you provide additional detail about this trial?

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http://en.wikipedia.org/Parkinson%27s_disease#Pathology

1806:

http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/07_99/conley.htm

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http://en.wikipedia.org/Parkinson%27s_disease#Symptoms

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2. No treatment has been shown to be neuroprotective.

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search results for Parkinson's disease on cochrane.org

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Hitler's PD is believed to have been consequential to

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http://en.wikipedia.org/Parkinson%27s_disease#Toxins

1821:The distinction I've seen made clinically is this; 1610:

and a website indicating current questions is here:

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May cause cardiac and gastrointestinal side effects

2127:I'd like to know of the cure for Parkinson's too! 137:

Role of ND5 in pathophysiology of Parkinson disease

3225:http://forums.braintalk2.org/forumdisplay.php?f=34 2627:drugs used in the treatment of parkinson's disease 1279:Sir Austin Bradford Hill's criteria for causation 3380:feel free to do what ever you like on Knowledge. 1072:COMT inhibitor, Increases half-life of doapmine 997: 780:And why take down the picture of Michael J Fox? 377:See: “Parkinson's Disease” an on-line summary @ 3092:chuckle* Great minds think alike, eh Andrew? -- 1999:I removed this list of differential diagnoses: 600:80 percent is a looooong ways from 30 percent. 449:neuropsychiatric aspects of parkinson's disease 1633:http://www.neurology.org/content/vol66/issue7/ 1430:from a NASA (and hence free) site. CHeck also 709:Agreed. Go. Good luck not getting reverted. -- 379:http://www.bcm.edu/neurol/jankovic/educ_pd.htm 145:classify PD cases versus controls is this one 3465:back of the throat - some of them have PD. -- 8: 2447:Preliminary Descriptive and Ecologic Studies 1880:which would allow more space for explanation 289:No, you can convert to Islam and get it too. 238:"Parkinson Disease" or "Parkinson's Disease" 1311:'s earlier opinion on that matter (see the 123:or completely ineffective ("off periods"). 1096:NMDA agonist, blocks reuptake of dopamine 302:those known to cause Parkinson's Disease. 285:You don't have to be Catholic to have PD! 3251:Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease 2629:as Jfdwolff has suggested in the past. -- 2622:Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease 1878:Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease 1249:Pathophysiology and epidemiology sections 1234:non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease 770:Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease 165:deals with Parkinson's? I thought it was 3150:Parkinson's Disease information site. -- 2805:Category: Parkinson's disease sufferers 1778:Category:Parkinson's disease sufferers 1751:List_of_people_with_multiple_sclerosis 1428:Image:PET scan Parkinson's Disease.jpg 551:Visual impairment and audible problems 44:Do not edit the contents of this page. 2618:Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease 1874:Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease 775:Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease 7: 1432:commons:Category:Parkinson's disease 2725:Biochemistry of Parkinson's Disease 2721:The symptoms of Parkinson's Disease 2567:toxic causes of Parkinson's disease 2316:per 100,000 per year in California 2006:Cerebellar thoracic outlet syndrome 678:after the # is the bookmark in the 2799:IMHO there should be a link under 261:"inclinations towards Catholicism" 24: 1489:Knowledge:Finding images tutorial 3245:Merge of non-motor symptoms page 2779:consensus to do something else. 2760:The AfD for both articles is at 29: 3249:It has been suggested that the 1451:. Also Picture of Parkinson is 999: 88:Treatment for Parkinson Disease 3470:17:09, 29 September 2006 (UTC) 3459:08:24, 28 September 2006 (UTC) 3426:21:06, 26 September 2006 (UTC) 3417:19:21, 26 September 2006 (UTC) 3407:19:13, 26 September 2006 (UTC) 3397:18:39, 26 September 2006 (UTC) 3387:17:55, 26 September 2006 (UTC) 3370:17:06, 27 September 2006 (UTC) 3353:16:33, 27 September 2006 (UTC) 3342:18:39, 26 September 2006 (UTC) 3331:17:53, 26 September 2006 (UTC) 3320:17:44, 26 September 2006 (UTC) 3310:16:15, 26 September 2006 (UTC) 3295:13:07, 21 September 2006 (UTC) 3268:15:53, 13 September 2006 (UTC) 3232:08:51, 10 September 2006 (UTC) 3218:05:20, 11 September 2006 (UTC) 2092:A cure for Parkinson's disease 1487:on how to do it yourself, and 1023:Chemical precusor of dopamine 394:Here's a good place to start: 372:23:23, 23 September 2005 (UTC) 181:post-encephalitic Parkinsonism 1: 3202:20:39, 7 September 2006 (UTC) 3191:07:46, 7 September 2006 (UTC) 2801:Notable Parkinson's sufferers 1623:American Academy of Neurology 1413:may be interesting to you -- 850:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 804:1. The article is too long. ( 755:Parkinson's disease pathology 606:I assume you know bill bell? 584:19:26, 20 February 2006 (UTC) 567:23:31, 14 February 2006 (UTC) 269:It's a jibe at John Paul II. 237: 153:01:05, 16 February 2006 (UTC) 118:07:40, 27 February 2006 (UTC) 18:Talk:Parkinson's disease 3445:21:32, 27 October 2006 (UTC) 3436:18:18, 27 October 2006 (UTC) 2742:and over 150 sockpuppets. -- 957:Once more unto the breach... 672:Knowledge help page on links 528:23:18, 17 January 2006 (UTC) 513:04:42, 18 January 2006 (UTC) 475:12:17, 16 January 2006 (UTC) 459:06:35, 16 January 2006 (UTC) 434:00:40, 20 October 2005 (UTC) 389:05:50, 10 January 2006 (UTC) 358:05:48, 10 January 2006 (UTC) 211:05:46, 10 January 2006 (UTC) 3279:Royal College of Physicians 3259:20:14, 26 August 2006 (UTC) 3172:Expertise: What determines? 3166:14:46, 12 August 2006 (UTC) 3155:12:05, 12 August 2006 (UTC) 1411:Image:Parkinson surgery.jpg 793:Major Revision - Principles 603:thanks for your thoughts. 406:18:08, 3 January 2006 (UTC) 347:00:48, 18 August 2005 (UTC) 331:20:04, 17 August 2005 (UTC) 280:00:49, 18 August 2005 (UTC) 3486: 3161:reason to take it down. -- 3136:19:53, 4 August 2006 (UTC) 3126:19:28, 4 August 2006 (UTC) 3108:19:49, 4 August 2006 (UTC) 3097:19:43, 4 August 2006 (UTC) 3086:19:22, 4 August 2006 (UTC) 3075:12:58, 8 August 2006 (UTC) 3061:18:36, 4 August 2006 (UTC) 3050:12:58, 8 August 2006 (UTC) 3036:18:09, 4 August 2006 (UTC) 3025:12:58, 8 August 2006 (UTC) 3009:17:30, 4 August 2006 (UTC) 3000:16:09, 4 August 2006 (UTC) 2990:12:51, 4 August 2006 (UTC) 2976:22:31, 2 August 2006 (UTC) 2323:100,000 per year in Spain 2223:http://clinicaltrials.gov/ 1485:Knowledge:Picture tutorial 765:Parkinson's disease mimics 760:Striatonigral degeneration 133:12:43, 7 March 2006 (EST) 2940:13:34, 16 July 2006 (UTC) 2931:15:31, 15 July 2006 (UTC) 2921:13:14, 15 July 2006 (UTC) 2906:23:47, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2888:21:30, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2875:21:29, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2859:21:20, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2846:19:52, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2836:18:35, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2826:18:06, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2812:09:01, 29 July 2006 (UTC) 2794:23:03, 18 July 2006 (UTC) 2784:22:59, 18 July 2006 (UTC) 2771:22:13, 18 July 2006 (UTC) 2756:21:46, 18 July 2006 (UTC) 2747:21:22, 18 July 2006 (UTC) 2734:21:10, 18 July 2006 (UTC) 2703:12:13, 16 July 2006 (UTC) 2664:11:58, 16 July 2006 (UTC) 2655:11:54, 16 July 2006 (UTC) 2646:23:26, 15 July 2006 (UTC) 2634:21:18, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2610:19:00, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2598:12:27, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2580:09:50, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2395:16:01, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2371:15:39, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2345:14:44, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2332:00:00, 14 July 2006 (UTC) 2307:19:24, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2297:18:33, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2282:12:17, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2269:Tyramine containing foods 2249:14:02, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2230:12:15, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2213:07:20, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2204:00:37, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2195:00:33, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2184:07:20, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2175:22:25, 12 July 2006 (UTC) 2161:07:20, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2147:00:33, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2132:00:33, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2123:22:25, 12 July 2006 (UTC) 2110:07:20, 13 July 2006 (UTC) 2101:22:25, 12 July 2006 (UTC) 2086:12:58, 12 July 2006 (UTC) 2074:12:13, 12 July 2006 (UTC) 2059:07:33, 12 July 2006 (UTC) 2010:Antiphospholipid syndrome 1990:15:25, 15 July 2006 (UTC) 1981:07:27, 12 July 2006 (UTC) 1967:20:47, 28 July 2006 (UTC) 1958:02:50, 12 July 2006 (UTC) 1942:10:58, 23 June 2006 (UTC) 1914:17:15, 11 July 2006 (UTC) 1905:17:01, 11 July 2006 (UTC) 1855:20:38, 10 July 2006 (UTC) 1837:19:04, 10 July 2006 (UTC) 1816:17:40, 10 July 2006 (UTC) 1803:17:31, 10 July 2006 (UTC) 1739:04:31, 29 June 2006 (UTC) 1728:03:09, 29 June 2006 (UTC) 1618:17:51, 28 June 2006 (UTC) 1590:19:49, 30 June 2006 (UTC) 1566:16:42, 27 June 2006 (UTC) 1548:15:24, 27 June 2006 (UTC) 1533:13:02, 27 June 2006 (UTC) 1519:12:16, 27 June 2006 (UTC) 1500:10:41, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 1478:10:26, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 1464:10:08, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 1443:09:56, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 1422:09:49, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 1393:15:35, 26 June 2006 (UTC) 1374:12:27, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 1361:09:17, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 1340:09:04, 25 June 2006 (UTC) 1320:17:42, 26 June 2006 (UTC) 1295:15:43, 26 June 2006 (UTC) 1244:15:48, 23 June 2006 (UTC) 1223:19:42, 30 June 2006 (UTC) 1205:18:27, 15 July 2006 (UTC) 1191:10:58, 23 June 2006 (UTC) 1163:09:00, 23 June 2006 (UTC) 1032:"Wearing off" over time, 982:08:22, 23 June 2006 (UTC) 952:19:56, 21 June 2006 (UTC) 924:17:49, 21 June 2006 (UTC) 908:10:43, 21 June 2006 (UTC) 878:10:13, 21 June 2006 (UTC) 868:16:04, 27 June 2006 (UTC) 788:20:26, 20 June 2006 (UTC) 747:14:53, 20 June 2006 (UTC) 714:18:19, 19 June 2006 (UTC) 704:18:09, 19 June 2006 (UTC) 641:18:11, 1 March 2006 (UTC) 618:15:20, 15 July 2006 (UTC) 444:21:32, 19 June 2006 (UTC) 315:00:32, 10 July 2006 (UTC) 294:removed Katharine Hepburn 246:11:10, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC) 234:10:50, Oct 3, 2006 (UTC) 227:22:24, Nov 18, 2004 (UTC 2865:If you want I'll try to 2650:Re-protection please. -- 2409:Risk Factor Epidemiology 1785:22:33, 9 July 2006 (UTC) 1772:16:27, 5 July 2006 (UTC) 1758:00:38, 4 July 2006 (UTC) 1082:May increase heart rate 688:19:36, 13 May 2006 (UTC) 665:18:07, 10 May 2006 (UTC) 656:17:08, 10 May 2006 (UTC) 363:Exercise neuroprotective 255:22:28, 9 July 2006 (UTC) 187:06:06 Nov 2, 2002 (UTC) 107:Rehabilitation therapies 2414:try this for starters: 2208:I know it is at GKT. -- 2091: 2018:Encephalitis lethargica 1925:antiparkinsonistic drug 1900:Interested in views. -- 1506:Related disease section 1174:antiparkinsonistic drug 814:Knowledge:Summary style 735:Knowledge:Summary style 448: 308:encephalitis lethargica 2711:Possible forks created 806:Knowledge:Article size 732:Knowledge:Article size 622: 265:Is this a bogus edit? 3450:Temperature awareness 2014:Vascular parkinsonism 1330:c) More Epidemiology 845:Motor neurone disease 42:of past discussions. 2659:(Personal attack) -- 2427:and a bit of history 2046:personal preferences 1026:Improves stiffness, 974:What do you reckon? 670:Please refer to the 542:Other Motor Symptoms 179:were suffering from 3239:User: Barb Davidson 2883:I wouldn't mind. -- 2258:WP:Reliable sources 1491:for image needs -- 1447:One more: uploaded 840:Alzheimer's disease 799:Parkinson's disease 545:Non-Motor Symptoms 3281:national guideline 3145:Spam what spam ??? 2432:Early Observations 1929:anti-diabetic drug 1315:discussion ...) -- 1228:Non-motor symptoms 1178:anti-diabetic drug 1127:non-motor symptoms 1104:non-motor symptoms 1077:tardive dyskinesia 1034:tardive dyskinesia 623:Parkinson's speech 110:Surgical therapies 3292: 3103:That's a given. 2973: 2577: 2056: 1939: 1852: 1213:Cardinal symptoms 1188: 1156: 1155: 1049:Dopamine agonist 1004:Method of Action 949: 905: 646:Pathology section 539:Cardinal Symptoms 472: 344: 277: 85: 84: 54: 53: 48:current talk page 3477: 3290: 2971: 2676: 2593:aren't listed. 2575: 2465:Literature Cited 2054: 2033:Wilson's disease 2028:Essential tremor 1937: 1921:reliable sources 1850: 1776:They are now at 1511:Essential tremor 1409:On a side note, 1186: 1170:reliable sources 998: 947: 903: 554:Neuropsychiatric 470: 342: 275: 175:The patients in 96:Pharmacotherapy 63: 56: 55: 33: 32: 26: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3452: 3302: 3275: 3247: 3147: 2983: 2950: 2819: 2713: 2701: 2672: 2592: 2588: 2562: 2411: 2289: 2287:Incidence rates 2271: 2199:Likewise in UK 2094: 1997: 1974: 1950: 1863: 1795: 1747: 1725:GeekPhilosopher 1625: 1602: 1508: 1403: 1371:GeekPhilosopher 1337:GeekPhilosopher 1317:GeekPhilosopher 1253:a) Terminology 1251: 1230: 1215: 959: 795: 725: 696: 648: 625: 520: 500:lmarsh@jhmi.edu 451: 424: 365: 323: 296: 263: 240: 221: 196: 160: 139: 90: 59: 30: 22: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 3483: 3481: 3473: 3472: 3451: 3448: 3375: 3374: 3373: 3372: 3358: 3356: 3355: 3334: 3333: 3301: 3298: 3274: 3271: 3246: 3243: 3236: 3221: 3220: 3205: 3204: 3169: 3168: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3138: 3115: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3111: 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2078: 2075: 2072: 2067: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2023:Hydrocephalus 2021: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1994: 1992: 1991: 1988: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1971: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1947: 1943: 1940: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1847: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1822: 1817: 1814: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1792: 1786: 1783: 1782:Kittybrewster 1779: 1775: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1629: 1622: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1599: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1578: 1577: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1567: 1564: 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486: 482: 476: 473: 467: 463: 462: 461: 460: 457: 446: 445: 442: 437: 435: 432: 431:219.95.213.43 428: 421: 419: 418: 411: 410: 407: 404: 400: 397: 393: 392: 391: 390: 387: 382: 380: 374: 373: 370: 362: 360: 359: 356: 348: 345: 339: 335: 334: 333: 332: 329: 320: 316: 313: 309: 305: 304: 303: 299: 293: 288: 287: 286: 281: 278: 272: 268: 267: 266: 260: 256: 253: 252:Kittybrewster 249: 248: 247: 245: 235: 233: 228: 226: 218: 216: 213: 212: 209: 203: 200: 193: 191: 188: 186: 182: 178: 173: 172: 168: 164: 157: 155: 154: 151: 147: 142: 136: 134: 132: 128: 124: 120: 119: 116: 109: 106: 101: 98: 97: 95: 94: 93: 87: 81: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 62: 58: 57: 49: 45: 41: 40: 35: 28: 27: 19: 3453: 3439: 3429: 3420: 3414:Gerard Doyle 3410: 3400: 3394:Gerard Doyle 3390: 3376: 3367:Gerard Doyle 3357: 3339:Gerard Doyle 3335: 3317:Gerard Doyle 3313: 3303: 3276: 3262: 3248: 3235: 3222: 3206: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3148: 3140: 3116: 3066:(rm Tojo -- 3065: 3041:(rm Tojo -- 3040: 3016:(rm Tojo -- 3015: 2984: 2959: 2951: 2918:Tom Harrison 2914: 2872:Tom Harrison 2843:Tom Harrison 2829: 2823:Tom Harrison 2820: 2800: 2798: 2781:Tom Harrison 2777: 2765: 2728: 2714: 2696: 2690: 2684: 2678: 2673: 2661:Porcupine 99 2658: 2649: 2638: 2563: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2444: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2421: 2418:Introduction 2417: 2416: 2412: 2362: 2358: 2325: 2318: 2310: 2300: 2290: 2272: 2165: 2136: 2113: 2104: 2095: 2062: 2043: 2039: 1998: 1995:Differential 1984: 1975: 1961: 1951: 1908: 1899: 1864: 1820: 1796: 1748: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1636: 1630: 1626: 1603: 1582: 1539: 1526:parkinsonism 1509: 1472: 1404: 1380: 1348:parkinsonism 1335: 1332: 1328: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1238: 1231: 1216: 1157: 1028:bradykinesia 993:this article 990: 985: 976: 973: 964: 960: 938: 934: 930: 927: 917: 912: 872: 857: 854: 829: 810: 803: 796: 782: 779: 750: 741: 738: 730: 726: 718: 697: 659: 649: 626: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 587: 581:AFGriffithMD 574: 570: 564:AFGriffithMD 562: 534: 531: 521: 507: 503: 498: 497: 494: 491: 488: 483: 479: 452: 438: 429: 425: 415: 383: 375: 366: 351: 324: 321:Micrographia 307: 300: 297: 284: 264: 241: 229: 222: 214: 204: 201: 197: 194:Amphetamines 189: 180: 176: 174: 167:encephalitis 162: 161: 150:AFGriffithMD 143: 140: 129: 125: 121: 115:AFGriffithMD 113: 91: 60: 43: 37: 2948:Reprotected 2937:David Ruben 2903:David Ruben 2560:Protection? 2368:David Ruben 2329:David Ruben 2201:David Ruben 1710:(Level B). 1202:David Ruben 1125:May worsen 1102:May worsen 250:Disagree - 171:Montréalais 36:This is an 3183:specialist 2680:|User Page 2671:Removed -- 2275:phenelzine 1138:Entacapone 1115:Selegiline 1092:Amantadine 1068:Entacapone 1013:Reference 1001:Treatment 535:Symptoms: 489:see also: 177:Awakenings 163:Awakenings 158:Awakenings 131:Carlwfbird 3442:PaulWicks 3423:PaulWicks 3404:PaulWicks 3384:PaulWicks 3265:PaulWicks 3256:PaulWicks 3229:PaulWicks 3188:PaulWicks 3163:PaulWicks 2987:PaulWicks 2901:threads. 2856:PaulWicks 2753:PaulWicks 2652:PaulWicks 2631:PaulWicks 2246:PaulWicks 2210:PaulWicks 2181:PaulWicks 2158:PaulWicks 2107:PaulWicks 1978:PaulWicks 1927:(compare 1911:PaulWicks 1902:PaulWicks 1834:PaulWicks 1800:PaulWicks 1607:or here: 1563:PaulWicks 1475:PaulWicks 1358:PaulWicks 1309:PaulWicks 1241:PaulWicks 1176:(compare 1160:PaulWicks 1057:psychosis 1045:Pergolide 979:PaulWicks 921:PaulWicks 875:PaulWicks 785:PaulWicks 744:PaulWicks 701:PaulWicks 630:WikiBooks 557:Cognitive 441:PaulWicks 412:see also: 80:Archive 5 72:Archive 3 67:Archive 2 61:Archive 1 3433:Hyperqbe 3241:10 sept 3152:Leilania 3133:Andrew73 3105:Andrew73 3083:Andrew73 3068:Chris 73 3058:Andrew73 3043:Chris 73 3033:Andrew73 3018:Chris 73 3006:Andrew73 2963:contribs 2867:refactor 2817:Archive? 2717:new user 2692:Contribs 2595:Andrew73 2321:186.8per 2294:Andrew73 2279:Andrew73 2227:Andrew73 2192:Andrew73 2144:Andrew73 2129:Andrew73 2083:Andrew73 2071:Andrew73 1955:Andrew73 1948:Rotenone 1813:Andrew73 1765:Chris 73 1755:Bdelisle 1530:Andrew73 1516:Andrew73 1493:Chris 73 1457:Chris 73 1436:Chris 73 1415:Chris 73 1019:Levodopa 939:directly 525:Bldavids 510:Bldavids 481:Gladly: 456:Bldavids 436:M K Lee 403:Arcadian 399:15214505 386:Bldavids 355:Bldavids 232:chuckiej 208:Bldavids 2641:Jaranda 2152:things. 1964:Sonicos 1745:People? 1007:Result 638:Tdkehoe 548:Sensory 39:archive 3300:Qigong 2767:Allen3 2730:Allen3 2698:E-mail 2589:O or O 2262:WP:NOR 1793:Toxins 1600:Toxins 1401:Images 1313:Toxins 967:WP:REF 835:Stroke 694:Toxins 369:Dubbin 225:Sayeth 3119:|This 1581:that 931:whole 609:barb 312:Balok 244:taion 219:Ozzy? 16:< 3291:T@lk 3072:Talk 3047:Talk 3022:Talk 2972:T@lk 2957:talk 2764:. -- 2723:and 2686:Talk 2620:and 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