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198:, also correct the alignment of the rails to make them parallel and level, in order to achieve a more comfortable ride for passengers and freight and to reduce the mechanical strain applied to the rails by passing trains. This is done by finding places where the sleepers have sunk from the weight of the passing trains or frost action, causing the track to sag. The tamper lifts each sleeper and the rails up, and packs ballast underneath. When the sleeper is laid down again, the sagged rails now sit at the proper level. Combining tamping and lining into a single machine saves time and money, as only one machine needs to be run over the track to perform both functions.
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To ensure track geometry is corrected, most tamping machines use a two chord lining system (one for vertical alignment and one for horizontal alignment). The two chord system requires three reference trolleys fitted to the machine - usually called A point, B point and C point. Some machines will use
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When using this method, the tower operator positions A point anchorages according to existing track geometry measurements taken beforehand. Once A point has been positioned, it is then assumed that both A and C are in correct position as if machine were sitting on corrected track. The machine then
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All three points are individual rail trolleys able to freely move up, down, left and right independent of the machine chassis and hence follow any minor fluctuation in rail position. When working, the machine uses pneumatic cylinders to lightly push these trolleys into the selected datum rail both
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A point is always the front reference point and sits on uncorrected track. The anchorage for chords on A point are able to move to compensate for defects in track geometry - this is done by the "tower" operator. Depending on the chord system, the anchorages will be either a wire anchor or a light
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should be some distance apart so the each component can be tamped without having to immediately tamp the other components. However a majority of track components are right next to each other so that these components need to be tamped as a group in multiple small stages.
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The lifting, lining unit moves the rail and sleepers under the tamping unit into the desired vertical and horizontal position. At this stage, the desired position of the rails and sleeper will only be maintained as long as the lifting, lining unit holds the track in
480:, and in the UK and Europe is referred to as the 09-3X. This machine consists of a conventional CAT-style satellite with tooling for three sleepers in continuous succession, along with a full DTS stabilising unit suspended from the rear most vehicle in the machine.
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Starting in the 1930s, automatic tools for tamping were first developed and used, though they still had to be operated by hand. In the following decades, tamping machines were developed to automate the process, using dedicated machines that travelled on the rails.
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The tamping unit retracts to the rest position, slightly above the top of the rails. The track and sleeper are released by the lifting, lining unit and maintain their position thanks to the modification of the ballast done in the previous step of the
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B point is positioned as close as physically possible to the lifting lining unit. B point is used by the machine control system to position the track correctly using either potentiometers or optical filters, depending on type of chord system used.
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Tamping and cleaning operations have the adverse effect of reducing the resistance of the track to lateral movement. The resistance gradually recovers with the passage of trains, but may require a speed restriction imposed for the duration. This
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The lifting lining unit is usually secured to the main machine chassis via a hydraulically length-adjustable trailing arm. The arm is adjustable so that the unit can be moved clear of small obstructions such as insulated joints or wires.
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The tamping units drive vibrating and oscillating tines (35 Hz optimum) into the ballast on both sides of the sleeper parallel to the rails until squeezing depth is achieved. The rapidly vibrating and oscillating tines in effect
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In recent years, larger tamping machines have been developed that incorporate additional functions such as lining and lifting the rails on top of their tamping function. These are known in North
America as production tampers.
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C point is the rear-most measuring point and anchorage point for lifting and lining chords. Depending on type of chord system C point will be either wire anchor with a tensioning cylinder or a photoelectric light receiver.
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The vibrating tines are pushed together underneath the sleeper to pack ballast underneath the sleeper being held in position by the lifting, lining unit to ensure it holds position when released by the lifting, lining
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Plain line tamping machines: used on line sections which have no points or other complex track structures, commonly referred to as production machines, generally have fixed tamping head positions
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These are usually on the outside of each rail and utilize hydraulic cylinders to clamp onto the side of the railhead so that is locked to the unit chassis before lifting and lining is commenced
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The lifting lining unit of a tamping machine lifts and holds the track in corrected position while being tamped. All types of units require the following components to achieve this task:
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The stabilisation achieved by one pass of a DGS is equal to that achieved by 100,000 tonnes of traffic, and allows a speed restriction of 20 km/h to be relaxed to 40 km/h
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D.G.S. has a vibrating unit which holds the track in position and applies a horizontal vibration and vertical load to simulate the passage of trains. The track parameters (or
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But through tunnels and bridges with no ballast to tamp, special measures are needed to transition from the ballasted track to the unballasted track. An example would be the
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A less common method more often seen on tamping head attachments for excavators is to use a motor driven vibrator assembly that is directly bolted to the support frame.
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Switch tamping machines: used to tamp switches, crossings and other complex track structures, have movable tamping heads with ability to isolate heads when required.
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with the help of beaters. As well as being faster, more accurate, more efficient and less labour-intensive, tamping machines are essential for the use of
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determine whether one end of a crossover, consisting of two turnouts, can be tamped one at a time, with train traffic still running on the other track.
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Using a hydraulically driven eccentric shaft attached either to the end of the squeezing cylinders or acting as the pivot point for the squeezing arms
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Turnouts require a more complicated tamping machine with extra and adjustable tongs to cater for the extra rails and variable spacing of the
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The basic principles and functions of a tamping machine remain the same regardless of manufacturer with only minor differences in design.
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Tine mounts, can be either part of the squeezing arm or attached to it via a pin to allow swiveling depending on type of tamping machine
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468:(CAT) can pack between one and four sleepers at a time, with outputs between 320 m/h and 2600 m/h generally anticipated.
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Dynamic stabilisation is usually avoided on bridges or around overhead structures since there is a risk of damage to foundations.
571:' can be achieved faster and in a more controlled manner using mechanised equipment known as the dynamic track stabiliser (DTS).
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to make the tracks and roadbed more durable and level. Prior to the introduction of mechanical tampers, this task was done by
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DGS 62 N dynamic track stabilizer, followed by SSP 300 Regulator, then a
Plasser 09-16 CAT Continuous Action Tamper, in
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One cylinder on either side connecting the unit to main machine chassis and allowing the unit to lift track vertically
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To generate the vibration needed for penetration and consolidation there are two leading methods commonly used:
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Two horizontal cylinders between unit chassis and main machine chassis used to push/pull the track horizontally
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Plasser and
Theurer Track Geometry Maintenance Durability Seminar, Athens, 11 October 2011, Ing. Rudolf Becker
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to allow the crews to do their work. This process took quite a long time and was subject to human error.
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At its most basic, a tamping machine only packs the ballast. Some modern machines, sometimes known as
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On plain track everything is fairly straight forward and any brand and model of machine can be used.
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Retains correct track geometry for a longer period than was achievable using tamping machines alone
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using shovels and beaters to move, clean, and compact ballast. Rails would be jacked up with large
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Mounting or "guide" rods that allow the unit as a whole to move up and down in a linear motion
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The appropriate tamping procedures and tamping machine depends in part on the track layout.
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since they are too heavy (usually over 250 kg or 550 lb) to be lifted by hand.
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A DTS will normally be used only after a stretch of track has been tamped and aligned.
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Dynamic track stabilising has the following advantages, resulting in enhanced safety:
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The tamping process from any type of tamper consists of the following basic steps:
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Tamper machines are built in many different varieties depending on their purpose:
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uses the lifting lining unit to move the rail and B point in line with A and C.
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Eliminates non-uniform initial differential settlements caused by rail traffic
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1069:"Plasser & Theurer: Machines - Stabilisation and consolidation: Overview"
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Using a special squeezing cylinder and valve assembly to oscillate the tines
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In the early days of railroading, the ballast was maintained by hand, with
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a fourth point between B and C to carry out quality control measurements.
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Cox, Steve (27 August – 9 September 1997). "Keeping the lines straight".
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The tamping machine moves to the next sleeper and begins a new cycle.
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Vertical pressure applied: 9.8 megapascals (100 kgf/cm)
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The
Tamping units of most Tamping machines will consist of:
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is a self-propelled, rail-mounted machine used to pack (or
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Normally rectangular with four wheels to ride on the rails
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On Track
Machines Working on 25 KV A.C. Electrified Lines
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contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images
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Increases the resistance of the track to lateral movement
1265:. No. 312. EMAP Apex Publications. pp. 30–34.
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http://s7australia.com/system7-products/rail-tamping/
1288:"Track Compendium" DW Media group GmbH I Eurailpress
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
297:the ballast to allow easy insertion of the tines.
594:Permits earlier relaxation of speed restrictions
476:The 'Tamping Express' is a machine developed by
325:The majority of track machines are powered by a
960:. Osceola, Wis.: MBI Pub. Co. pp. 79–81.
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1304:Photos of dynamic track stabilisers in the UK
747:beside adjacent text, in accordance with the
337:pump to provide power for the various tools.
8:
1234:. 1986. pp. 23–46, 53–56, 81–82, 89–90.
1169:"Railroad Surfacing Equipment | Harsco Rail"
741:removing excessive or indiscriminate images
522:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1094:"Plasser American - Machines and Systems"
763:Learn how and when to remove this message
542:Learn how and when to remove this message
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
201:Tampers frequently work in concert with
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484:DGS / DTS (dynamic track stabilising)
416:System 7 fully hydraulic tamping head
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520:adding citations to reliable sources
151:in February 2017 Customer VolkerRail
49:adding citations to reliable sources
16:Type of railroad maintenance vehicle
739:Please help improve the section by
591:Creates a homogenous bed of ballast
127:Jackson 6700 switch tamping machine
1299:Audio recording of tamping machine
603:Vibration frequency: 30–35 Hz
460:Continuous-action tamping machines
267:Continuous action tamping machines
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466:continuous-action tamping machine
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749:Manual of Style on use of images
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1376:British railway milk tank wagon
1024:"09-3X Dynamic Tamping Express"
990:"09-4X Dynamic Tamping Express"
36:needs additional citations for
871:in Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
867:A Multiple-Tie-Tamper seen at
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957:Railway maintenance equipment
678:MATISA Matériel Industriel SA
400:vertically and horizontally.
205:, as part of a section crew.
1691:Maintenance of way equipment
711:- acquired by Harsco in 1992
606:Working speed: 1–2 km/h
1309:Photos of tampers in the UK
241:A GTRM Rail tamping machine
196:tamping and lining machines
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367:Clamp or "hook" assemblies
620:Tamping and track layouts
139:09-16 CSM Tamper / Liner
1444:Wagon with opening roof
1232:BRB (Residuary) Limited
1194:"History | Harsco Rail"
1098:www.plasseramerican.com
954:Solomon, Brian (2001).
472:Dynamic Tamping Express
1635:Revenue collection car
1073:www.plassertheurer.com
1034:. 2010. Archived from
1000:. 2010. Archived from
796:French tamping machine
784:Polish tamping machine
745:moving relevant images
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1583:Non-revenue equipment
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1352:freight rolling stock
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1569:Specialized flatcars
839:Amey tamping machine
516:improve this section
455:Specialized machines
313:Standard arrangement
163:informally simply a
45:improve this article
1460:Bogie bolster wagon
1396:Covered goods wagon
1038:on 27 December 2012
1028:PlasserAmerican.com
994:PlasserAmerican.com
922:Track renewal train
851:Balfour Beatty and
341:Lifting lining unit
147:A MATISA tamper at
1665:Track geometry car
1358:Enclosed equipment
1198:www.harscorail.com
1173:www.harscorail.com
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1630:Rail adhesion car
1595:Ballast regulator
1574:Transporter wagon
1554:Rotary car dumper
1004:on 23 August 2013
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902:Ballast regulator
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716:Image gallery
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680:(Switzerland)
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672:Manufacturers
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666:Track centres
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569:consolidation
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192:tamper-liners
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181:manual labour
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62: –
61:
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56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
1659:
1640:Power shovel
1559:Schnabel car
1539:Pocket wagon
1381:Cattle wagon
1260:
1223:
1201:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1176:. Retrieved
1172:
1163:
1151:. Retrieved
1147:
1144:"Rail plant"
1138:
1126:. Retrieved
1122:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1097:
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1076:. Retrieved
1072:
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1040:. Retrieved
1036:the original
1027:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:the original
993:
984:
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907:Gandy dancer
888:Blueskin Bay
810:narrow gauge
759:
754:(April 2021)
753:
734:
692:Banbury Amey
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583:
579:cross levels
578:
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514:Please help
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331:cardan shaft
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67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1670:Work trains
1655:Stoneblower
1564:Slate wagon
1248:|work=
1103:21 February
912:Stoneblower
219:track jacks
1544:Quarry tub
1533:Open wagon
1503:Hopper car
1491:Flat wagon
1429:RoadRailer
1042:16 January
1008:16 January
928:References
640:dual gauge
558:Tamper in
532:April 2021
71:newspapers
1625:Excavator
1600:Brake van
1434:Stock car
1271:0953-4563
1250:ignored (
1240:cite book
853:Carillion
503:does not
335:hydraulic
289:position.
1685:Category
1620:Crew car
1549:Rollbock
1528:Modalohr
1518:Minecart
1439:Tank car
1412:Milk car
1386:Coil car
1365:Autorack
1279:49953699
976:46976669
896:See also
655:turnouts
653:Ideally
636:sleepers
560:Fastline
388:source.
305:process.
264:Duomatic
149:Keighley
1605:Caboose
1497:Gondola
1485:Flatcar
1475:Conflat
1203:28 July
1178:28 July
1153:28 July
1128:28 July
1078:28 July
1057:Plasser
648:Northam
524:removed
509:sources
349:Chassis
295:liquefy
209:History
165:tamper,
85:scholar
1513:Lowmac
1370:Boxcar
1277:
1269:
1119:"Rail"
974:
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808:Czech
743:or by
704:Harsco
562:livery
175:under
171:) the
87:
80:
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66:
58:
1615:Crane
1228:(PDF)
644:Perth
321:Drive
301:unit.
233:Types
92:JSTOR
78:books
1535:(EU)
1499:(US)
1493:(EU)
1487:(US)
1425:(EU)
1419:(US)
1398:(EU)
1372:(US)
1275:OCLC
1267:ISSN
1262:Rail
1252:help
1205:2021
1180:2021
1155:2021
1130:2021
1105:2022
1080:2021
1044:2015
1010:2015
972:OCLC
962:ISBN
825:Amey
657:and
646:and
507:any
505:cite
251:Amey
169:tamp
64:news
518:by
249:An
194:or
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