103:
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Butynski, T. M. and Mwangi, G. 1994. Conservation Status and
Distribution of the Tana River Red Colobus and Crested Mangabey. Report for Zoo Atlanta, Kenya Wildlife Service, National Museums of Kenya, Institute of Primate Research and East African Wildlife Society. The Harvey, P.H. and Clutton-Brock,
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development is believed to be important in that it will secure the conservation of the habitat and the species with the communities around the reserve. Tourism will benefit both the mangabey and local communities through economic development and a reduction in habitat loss. The conservancy will also
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within the Tana River area and protect the endangered Tana River mangabey. The conservation of this species is a high priority for primate conservation in Kenya. In 2007, the High Court in Kenya ruled the reserve was not abiding by the laws. This led to the forested areas that the mangabey inhabited
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around 170–180 days. During the first two months after birth, the infant is guarded by its mother and begins to develop a close bond. In the third month, the infant begins socializing with other infants and adult group members, but remains in close proximity to its dam. The females within the group
448:
for food. The mangabey gets most of its food from subcanopy and canopy trees, although it spends most of its time feeding and moving on the ground. It consumes the fruit and seed from about 50 different tree species. Feeding is performed 48% of the day, while sleeping accounts for 15%, and resting
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was established in 1976 to protect the remaining forest along the Tana River and the endemic Tana River mangabey. The reserve protects an area around 171 km with two areas of 9.5 and 17.5 km being forested. The reserve contains about 56% of the Tana River mangabey groups, with about 44%
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usually have lasting bonds with their mothers, while the males become more independent and spend more time away from the group or on the periphery. If a group loses one of its males, another male may be recruited from peripheral solitary males to maintain the structure of the group.
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losing their legal protection. With the poor management of the Tana Delta
Irrigation Project, habitat loss outside the reserve also continues. The Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority, which is in charge of the project, are now in the process of expanding to establish a
244:
516:. This species is restricted to riverine gallery forests in this area. The forests in which it is found are naturally fragmented due to the meandering of the Tana River and its fluctuating water levels. The forest is becoming even more fragmented due to
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for palm wine collection severely impacts the resources used by the species. Tana River mangabeys are also hunted and trapped in response to local crop damage. This trapping may occur and appears to be occurring at low levels within the forests.
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in 1978, but human encroachment within this reserve continues. Recently, it has been suggested that 20,000 hectares of the Tana River Delta should be transformed into sugarcane plantations, but this has, temporarily at least, been stopped by the
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Group size ranges from 13–36 individuals, and sometimes combining to form aggregations of 50 to 60 individuals. These groups consist of multiple males and multiple females. The species has an average day-range length of 1.25 km. During the
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cover of 25–60%. The primate sleeps in the forks of the branches of these trees or near the main trunk. It is believed to sleep in trees to reduce the risk of predation and chooses this site according to its last feeding position in the area.
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ranges for different groups extend, and considerable overlap occurs between the different groups. During this time, groups are more tolerant of one another and meet and intermingle. The Tana River mangabey has a few predators, such as the
594:. The project's goals were to enhance conservation and protection of these primates and forests. The project was poorly managed and was terminated after two years, leaving the wildlife service with the protection of these areas.
548:. A 1994 census estimated the species' population to be 1,000 to 1,200 individuals. It was listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act as being endangered in 1970. The species is also listed as critically endangered under the
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Wahungu, G. M., Muoria, P. K., Moinde, N. N., Oguge, N. O. and
Kirathe, J. N. 2005. changes in forest fragments sizes and primate population trends along the river Tana floodplain, Kenya. African Journal of Ecology 443:
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Grubb, P.; Butynski, T. M.; Oates, J. F.; Bearder, S. K.; Disotell, T. R.; Groves, C. P. & Struhsaker, T. T. (2003). "Assessment of the diversity of
African primates. International Journal of Primatology".
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Wieczkowski, J. (2009) Brief
Communication: Puncture and Crushing Resistance Scores of Tana River Mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus) Diet Items. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Vol. 140, pp. 572–577.
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species with two or more males within each group depending on the size of the group. The average adult male weighs about 10.2 kg, while the average adult female weighs 5.5 kg, thus exhibiting size
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at fixed boundaries. The males within the group may also engage in active combat with outside group leaders invading the territory. In the wet season when food is abundant, boundaries are broken down.
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The
Ishaqbin Conservancy is a community initiative in the Tana River Primate Reserve. Here, communities are working with Kenya Wildlife Service to develop tourism side-by-side with conservation.
536:. Felling of canopy trees for canoe construction, wild honey collection, and palm fronds are being used for thatching and mats. Subcanopy trees are being used for housing poles and the topping of
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Wahungu.G.M. (2001) Common use of sleeping sites by two primate species in Tana River, Kenya. East
African Wild Life Society, African Journal of Ecology, Vol. 39, pp. 18–23.
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is habitat loss. This is also the case with the Tana River mangabey. An estimated 50% of the original forest has been lost in the last 20 years. The Tana River area is
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living in forests outside of the reserve. About 10% of the groups living in forests outside of the reserve are under the management of the Tana Delta
Irrigation Project.
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when food is limited, groups maintain discrete territories with minimal overlapping. To maintain these territories, males give spatial vocalizations and territorial
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tail, a yellow-brown coat, and a center part on the crown of the head with long, dark fur. The species has white eyelids that contrast to its darker face like other
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Wieczkowski, J. & Mbora, D. N. M. (2000). "Increasing threats to the conservation of endemic endangered primates and forests of the lower Tana River, Kenya".
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Wieczkowski,J. 2004. Ecological
Correlates of Abundance in the Tana Mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus). American Journal of Primatology. Vol. 63 pp.125–138.
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Harvey, P.H. and
Clutton-Brock, T.H. (1981) Primate Home Range Size and Metabolic Needs. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Vol. 8, No. 2. Pp.151–155.
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Harvey, P.H. and Clutton-Brock, T.H. 1981. Primate Home Range Size and Metabolic Needs. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Vol. 8, No. 2. Pp.151–155.
444:, feeding on leaves, seeds, fruits, insects, and reptile and bird eggs. An opportunistic feeder, it is semiterrestrial, where it may rummage through the
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accounts for 14% of the day. The species' annual diet consists of 46.5% seeds and 25.6% fruit consumption. Critical food resources for the species are
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is listed under Appendix I. This species is listed on Class A of the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
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Wieczkowski, J. (2005) Comprehensive Conservation of Tana Mangabeys. International Journal of Primatology, Vol.26, No. 3, pp. 651–660.
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T.H. (1981) Primate Home Range Size and Metabolic Needs. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Vol. 8, No. 2. Pp.151–155.
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Mbora, D.N.M & Butynski, T.M. Tana River Red Colobus: Procolobus rufomitratus (Peters, 1879). Kenya 2008.
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The Tana River mangabey has dental morphology well suited for the food type it consumes. The species has large
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and degradation, which has increased in recent years. This species was, together with the equally endangered
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Wahungu, G.M. 1998. Diet and habitat overlap in two sympatric primate species, the Tana Crested mangabey
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help to form a buffer around the reserve, which will help to reduce human impact inside the reserve.
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due to its sleeping area. The species sleeps in trees about 27-37 m in height, which have a sparse
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for the tearing of the tough skin on the fruits it eats. Its large maxillary and mandibular fourth
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species. This contrast in the eyelids is believed to be used as part of the species' complex
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and semiterrestrial. It spends most of its time on the ground, but is still considered
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along the Tana River is home to several primate species - the Tana River mangabey,
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http://www.kws.go.ke/parks/community_wildlife_program/Conservancies/Ishaqbin.html
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634:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 153.
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The objective of the Tana River Primate Reserve was to conserve the
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Butynski, T.M.; de Jong, Y.A.; Wieczkowski, J.; King, J. (2020).
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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
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The Tana River mangabey is found in the southeastern portion of
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of this species, while others award these full species status.
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The Tana River mangabey is a medium-sized primate with a long
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from human disturbance, which may reduce species' survival.
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Kenya’s rare monkey species threatened with extinction .
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Homewood, K. 1974. Can the Tana Mangabey Survive? Oryx
790:"Kenya Wildlife Service – Tana River Primate Reserve"
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The female gives birth to a single offspring after a
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African Conservation Foundation. Accessed 2008-07-20
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953:. African Journal of Ecology. Vol. 36 pp.159–173
579:, which will in turn remove more forested areas.
586:and Kenya Forest Department was funded by the
550:International Union for Conservation of Nature
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688:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4200A17956330.en
352:for feeding on hard nuts, seeds, and fruits.
8:
544:The Tana River mangabey is listed as one of
2356:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
835:BirdLife International. Accessed 2008-07-20
301:to riverine forest patches along the lower
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317:, the main reason for the creation of the
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546:The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates
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582:A five-year project in 1996 with the
275:. Some authorities have included the
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267:) is a highly endangered species of
674:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
348:. The species also has specialized
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534:losing its forests to agriculture
101:
528:One of the greatest threats to
455:, which fruits year-round, and
1:
1592:Northern pig-tailed macaque (
1583:Southern pig-tailed macaque (
848:Richardson, M. (2006-04-03).
833:Tana gets temporary reprieve.
792:. www.kws.org. Archived from
415:The Tana River mangabey is a
2391:Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters
480:Geographic range and habitat
1376:Greater spot-nosed monkey (
592:Global Environment Facility
393:Central African rock python
360:The Tana River mangabey is
27:Species of Old World monkey
2407:
2381:Endangered fauna of Africa
1448:Lesser spot-nosed monkey (
561:Tana River Primate Reserve
319:Tana River Primate Reserve
251:Tana River mangabey range
2386:Mammals described in 1879
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1990:Golden-bellied mangabey (
1664:Celebes crested macaque (
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1032:Extant species of family
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98:Scientific classification
96:
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34:
1804:Black crested mangabey (
1403:Campbell's mona monkey (
1190:Blue Nile patas monkey (
852:. ARKive. Archived from
628:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.).
1795:Grey-cheeked mangabey (
1763:White-cheeked macaque (
1700:Formosan rock macaque (
1457:White-throated guenon (
1249:Bale Mountains vervet (
1172:Southern patas monkey (
993:Kenya Wildlife Reserve
2366:Endemic fauna of Kenya
2017:White-naped mangabey (
1682:Stump-tailed macaque (
1601:Pagai Island macaque (
1107:Allen's swamp monkey (
751:Cite journal requires
584:Kenya Wildlife Service
498:Tana River red colobus
315:Tana River red colobus
309:. It is threatened by
2315:Paleobiology Database
1999:Tana River mangabey (
1673:Crab-eating macaque (
1574:Lion-tailed macaque (
1421:Crested mona monkey (
1298:(Terrestrial guenons)
1181:Common patas monkey (
850:"Tana River mangabey"
512:, and two species of
66:Critically Endangered
2151:cercocebus-galeritus
2138:Cercocebus_galeritus
2124:Cercocebus galeritus
2094:Cercocebus galeritus
1511:De Brazza's monkey (
1439:Dent's mona monkey (
1430:Wolf's mona monkey (
1412:Lowe's mona monkey (
710:"Appendices | CITES"
681:: e.T4200A17956330.
667:Cercocebus galeritus
424:within the species.
356:Behavior and ecology
346:communication system
330:Physical description
264:Cercocebus galeritus
227:Cercocebus galeritus
35:Tana River mangabey
1972:Collared mangabey (
1785:(Crested mangabeys)
1754:Arunachal macaque (
1655:Gorontalo macaque (
1493:Red-tailed monkey (
1484:Moustached guenon (
1326:Sun-tailed monkey (
1036:(Old World monkeys)
947:Cerocebus galeritus
259:Tana River mangabey
51:Conservation status
18:Tana River Mangabey
2376:Tana River (Kenya)
1878:Hamadryas baboon (
1709:Japanese macaque (
1475:Red-eared guenon (
1466:Sclater's guenon (
1348:(Arboreal guenons)
1308:L'Hoest's monkey (
1139:Angolan talapoin (
951:Papio cynocephalus
949:and yellow baboon
819:2008-10-12 at the
530:endangered species
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538:Phoenix reclinata
458:Phoenix reclinata
422:sexual dimorphism
350:dental morphology
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1619:Moor macaque (
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1561:
1559:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:C. lomamiensis
1517:
1508:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1358:Diana monkey (
1354:
1352:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1273:
1269:C. pygerythrus
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1231:Green monkey (
1228:
1222:Dryas monkey (
1218:
1216:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1192:E. poliophaeus
1187:
1178:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1098:Allenopithecus
1090:
1088:Cercopithecini
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1049:
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753:|journal=
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494:gallery forest
481:
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437:
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412:
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405:Nile crocodile
357:
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336:semiprehensile
331:
328:
271:in the family
253:
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2072:
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2065:
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2048:
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2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1951:(White-eyelid
1946:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1920:Theropithecus
1916:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1865:
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1839:
1833:
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1826:
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1823:
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1807:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1792:
1790:
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1779:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1765:M. leucogenys
1761:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1738:M. assamensis
1734:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1698:
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1689:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1657:M. nigrescens
1653:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1585:M. nemestrina
1581:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1541:
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1509:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1477:C. erythrotis
1473:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1450:C. petaurista
1446:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1394:Mona monkey (
1392:
1390:
1388:
1385:Blue monkey (
1383:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1343:
1342:
1341:Cercopithecus
1337:
1331:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1293:
1292:
1291:Allochrocebus
1287:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1265:
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1256:
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1217:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1174:E. baumstarki
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1137:
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1007:
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996:
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948:
942:
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921:
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904:
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894:
892:
890:
886:
879:
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870:
867:
856:on 2013-07-04
855:
851:
844:
842:
838:
834:
829:
826:
822:
818:
815:
810:
807:
796:on 2010-02-22
795:
791:
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777:
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766:
763:
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745:
737:
729:
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715:
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705:
702:
689:
684:
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675:
670:
668:
659:
656:
651:
647:
643:
641:0-801-88221-4
637:
633:
632:
627:
626:Wilson, D. E.
623:
622:Groves, C. P.
617:
615:
611:
605:
603:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
580:
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562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
542:
539:
535:
531:
523:
521:
519:
515:
511:
510:vervet monkey
507:
506:yellow baboon
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
479:
477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
459:
454:
453:
447:
443:
435:
433:
430:
425:
423:
418:
410:
408:
406:
402:
401:martial eagle
398:
397:crowned eagle
394:
389:
384:
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374:
371:
367:
363:
355:
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343:
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329:
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282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:
260:
249:
245:
240:
235:
230:
228:
222:
219:
218:Binomial name
215:
211:
210:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
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113:
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109:
104:
99:
95:
89:
83:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2093:
2068:
2051:
2042:
2030:
2019:C. lunulatus
2018:
2009:
2001:C. galeritus
2000:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1974:C. torquatus
1973:
1964:
1942:
1930:
1918:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1880:P. hamadryas
1879:
1870:
1861:
1841:
1829:
1817:
1806:L. aterrimus
1805:
1796:
1776:
1764:
1755:
1747:M. thibetana
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1692:
1684:M. arctoides
1683:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1546:
1521:
1513:C. neglectus
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1405:C. campbelli
1404:
1395:
1386:
1378:C. nictitans
1377:
1368:
1359:
1339:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1289:
1278:C. cynosuros
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1223:
1203:
1191:
1182:
1173:
1163:Erythrocebus
1161:
1150:M. ogouensis
1149:
1140:
1120:
1108:
1096:
989:
980:
958:
950:
946:
941:
932:
923:
914:
878:
869:
858:. Retrieved
854:the original
828:
809:
798:. Retrieved
794:the original
784:
775:
771:
765:
744:cite journal
738:: 1301–1357.
735:
728:
717:. Retrieved
713:
704:
692:. Retrieved
678:
672:
666:
658:
630:
596:
581:
569:biodiversity
566:
558:
543:
537:
527:
524:Conservation
518:habitat loss
483:
463:
456:
450:
439:
426:
414:
411:Reproduction
375:
359:
339:
333:
311:habitat loss
296:
285:
279:
263:
262:
258:
256:
226:
224:
208:
207:
195:
171:Infraorder:
29:
2198:iNaturalist
2118:Wikispecies
1819:Rungwecebus
1797:L. albigena
1702:M. cyclopis
1639:M. tonkeana
1630:M. ochreata
1603:M. pagensis
1567:M. sylvanus
1495:C. ascanius
1468:C. sclateri
1423:C. pogonias
1276:Malbrouck (
1260:C. tantalus
1242:C. aethiops
1205:Chlorocebus
1141:M. talapoin
1129:(Talapoins)
1122:Miopithecus
1039:(subfamily
694:15 November
514:bush babies
502:blue monkey
446:leaf litter
175:Simiiformes
2361:Cercocebus
2350:Categories
2041:Mandrill (
2032:Mandrillus
1953:mangabeys)
1944:Cercocebus
1898:P. ursinus
1830:R. kipunji
1778:Lophocebus
1756:M. munzala
1729:M. radiata
1711:M. fuscata
1693:M. mulatta
1594:M. leonina
1576:M. silenus
1555:(Macaques)
1504:C. hamlyni
1369:C. roloway
1328:A. solatus
1319:A. preussi
1310:A. lhoesti
1233:C. sabaeus
1078:Haplorhini
1076:Suborder:
860:2013-02-06
800:2009-12-30
719:2022-01-14
606:References
588:World Bank
577:plantation
552:and under
490:Tana River
488:along the
474:bite force
442:omnivorous
417:polygynous
379:dry season
341:Cercocebus
326:of Kenya.
324:High Court
303:Tana River
292:subspecies
196:Cercocebus
165:Haplorhini
161:Suborder:
84:Appendix I
2043:M. sphinx
2010:C. sanjei
1983:C. agilis
1931:T. gelada
1907:P. kindae
1862:P. anubis
1850:(Baboons)
1828:Kipunji (
1720:M. sinica
1612:M. siberu
1538:Papionini
1486:C. cephus
1052:Kingdom:
714:cites.org
574:sugarcane
470:premolars
203:Species:
121:Kingdom:
115:Eukaryota
2328:Species+
2268:12100431
2216:10592344
2103:Wikidata
2070:Category
1929:Gelada (
1889:P. papio
1666:M. nigra
1648:M. hecki
1621:M. maura
1520:Lesula (
1441:C. denti
1432:C. wolfi
1414:C. lowei
1387:C. mitis
1360:C. diana
1240:Grivet (
1224:C. dryas
1183:E. patas
1072:Primates
1066:Mammalia
1060:Chordata
1058:Phylum:
1054:Animalia
817:Archived
778:: 32–40.
650:62265494
624:(2005).
466:incisors
388:Foraging
383:displays
366:arboreal
181:Family:
155:Primates
145:Mammalia
135:Chordata
131:Phylum:
125:Animalia
111:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2255:1000597
2190:2436545
2109:Q547982
2050:Drill (
1965:C. atys
1396:C. mona
1070:Order:
1064:Class:
599:Tourism
362:diurnal
299:endemic
269:primate
191:Genus:
151:Order:
141:Class:
86: (
69: (
2320:385878
2307:268347
2229:572994
2177:323964
2146:ARKive
1548:Macaca
963:81–90.
648:
638:
403:, and
370:canopy
297:It is
287:sanjei
281:agilis
236:, 1879
234:Peters
2294:82320
2211:IRMNG
2203:43468
1843:Papio
554:CITES
486:Kenya
307:Kenya
88:CITES
82:CITES
2333:5226
2281:9532
2276:NCBI
2242:4200
2237:IUCN
2224:ITIS
2185:GBIF
2164:SST8
757:help
696:2021
679:2020
646:OCLC
636:ISBN
559:The
436:Diet
284:and
277:taxa
257:The
2263:MSW
2250:MDD
2172:EoL
2159:CoL
2133:ADW
683:doi
290:as
2352::
2330::
2317::
2304::
2291::
2278::
2265::
2252::
2239::
2226::
2213::
2200::
2187::
2174::
2161::
2148::
2135::
2120::
2105::
968:^
902:^
888:^
840:^
774:.
748::
746:}}
742:{{
736:24
712:.
677:.
671:.
644:.
613:^
508:,
504:,
500:,
476:.
407:.
399:,
395:,
2054:)
2045:)
2021:)
2012:)
2003:)
1994:)
1985:)
1976:)
1967:)
1933:)
1909:)
1900:)
1891:)
1882:)
1873:)
1864:)
1832:)
1808:)
1799:)
1767:)
1758:)
1749:)
1740:)
1731:)
1722:)
1713:)
1704:)
1695:)
1686:)
1677:)
1668:)
1659:)
1650:)
1641:)
1632:)
1623:)
1614:)
1605:)
1596:)
1587:)
1578:)
1569:)
1524:)
1515:)
1506:)
1497:)
1488:)
1479:)
1470:)
1461:)
1452:)
1443:)
1434:)
1425:)
1416:)
1407:)
1398:)
1389:)
1380:)
1371:)
1362:)
1330:)
1321:)
1312:)
1280:)
1271:)
1262:)
1253:)
1244:)
1235:)
1226:)
1194:)
1185:)
1176:)
1152:)
1143:)
1111:)
1043:)
1025:e
1018:t
1011:v
863:.
803:.
776:4
759:)
755:(
722:.
698:.
685::
669:"
665:"
652:.
590:/
261:(
90:)
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
