107:, a name originating from the fact that tandem DNA repeats, by nature of repeating the same nucleotide sequences repeatedly, have a unique ratio of the two possible nucleotide base pair combinations, conferring them a specific mass density that allows them to be separated from the rest of the genome with density-based laboratory techniques, thus appearing as "satellite bands". Albeit, a tandem repeat array could not show up as a satellite band if it had a nucleotide composition close to the average of the genome.
263:
Nested tandem repeats are described as repeating unit lengths that are variable or unknown and frequently include an asymmetric hierarchy of smaller repeating units. These repeats are constructed from distinct groups of homologous-length monomers. An algorithm known as NTRprism was created by Oxford
644:
Altemose, Nicolas; Logsdon, Glennis A.; Bzikadze, Andrey V.; Sidhwani, Pragya; Langley, Sasha A.; Caldas, Gina V.; Hoyt, Savannah J.; Uralsky, Lev; Ryabov, Fedor D.; Shew, Colin J.; Sauria, Michael E. G.; Borchers, Matthew; Gershman, Ariel; Mikheenko, Alla; Shepelev, Valery A. (April 2022).
178:), is a mutation process which occurs during DNA replication. It involves denaturation and displacement of the DNA strands, resulting in mispairing of the complementary bases. Slipped strand mispairing is one explanation for the origin and evolution of repetitive DNA sequences.
225:
Polymorphic tandem repeats (alias VNTRs) are also present in microorganisms and can be used to trace the origin of an outbreak. The corresponding assay in which a collection of VNTRs is typed to characterize a strain is most often called
2167:
264:
Nanopore
Technologies researchers to enable for the annotation of repetitive structures in built satellite DNA arrays. The algorithm NTRprism is developed to find and display the satellite repeating periodicity.
2160:
1337:
2153:
1330:
801:
535:
Yeh, Ting-Yu; Hsieh, Zih-Yu; Feehley, Michael C.; Feehley, Patrick J.; Contreras, Gregory P.; Su, Ying-Chieh; Hsieh, Shang-Lin; Lewis, Dylan A. (9 December 2022).
1323:
2723:
836:
808:
TRAL: Tandem Repeat
Annotation Library - a meta-predictor tool with statistical filtering, with a range of functions for repeat annotation and analyses
786:
53:
is repeated and the repetitions are directly adjacent to each other, e.g. ATTCG ATTCG ATTCG, in which the sequence ATTCG is repeated three times.
480:"Mutated gene-specific phenotypes of dinucleotide repeat instability in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines deficient in DNA mismatch repair"
119:
2656:
1022:
1009:
797:
Phobos - a tandem repeat search tool for perfect and imperfect repeats - the maximum pattern size depends only on computational power
2783:
2713:
1032:
2718:
230:(Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis). Using tandem repeat polymorphism, recombination has been reported in the natural transmission of
829:
72:. However, in proteins, perfect tandem repeats are rare in naturally proteins, but they have been added to designed proteins.
2641:
1991:
1586:
130:
2629:
2127:
1063:
909:
896:
303:
159:
776:
1775:
791:
1695:
1451:
781:
1180:
822:
115:
1996:
1068:
218:
141:
2646:
1843:
1744:
1661:
522:
326:
163:
174:
Tandem repeats can occur through different mechanisms. For example, slipped strand mispairing, (also known as
518:
437:
Cui, Ya; Ye, Wenbin; Li, Jason Sheng; Li, Jingyi
Jessica; Vilain, Eric; Sallam, Tamer; Li, Wei (April 2024).
2735:
1870:
1646:
874:
849:
814:
724:
293:
88:
2098:
1414:
1304:
1232:
1125:
388:
Duitama J, Zablotskaya A, Gemayel R, Jansen A, Belet S, Vermeesch JR, Verstrepen KJ, Froyen G (May 2014).
61:
31:
2290:
1858:
1831:
1150:
1100:
209:
151:
When much larger lengths of nucleotides are repeated, on the order of 1,000 nucleotides, it is called a
1160:
1282:
1200:
2745:
2145:
1802:
1797:
1673:
1277:
1190:
1105:
991:
853:
175:
2320:
2038:
1880:
1836:
1792:
1530:
1055:
926:
298:
205:
145:
222:
within the chromosomal DNA. Parentage can be determined through the similarity in these regions.
2614:
2536:
2088:
1227:
1135:
1110:
954:
626:
158:
When the repeat unit copy number is variable in the population being considered, it is called a
2592:
2508:
2410:
2180:
2083:
1787:
1205:
684:
666:
618:
592:
574:
556:
501:
460:
419:
370:
182:
65:
1170:
1120:
1115:
744:
1819:
1713:
1346:
1289:
1219:
1145:
1095:
857:
674:
658:
608:
564:
548:
491:
450:
409:
401:
360:
352:
242:
69:
1140:
1045:
734:
2452:
2076:
1770:
1749:
1678:
1481:
1165:
1000:
972:
941:
936:
186:
322:
197:
Tandem repeat describes a pattern that helps determine an individual's inherited traits.
2501:
2466:
2459:
2438:
2417:
2394:
2274:
2066:
1953:
1824:
1683:
1666:
1471:
1401:
1272:
1130:
1087:
915:
905:
679:
646:
569:
536:
414:
389:
365:
340:
273:
152:
57:
1315:
804:- an ultra fast and memory efficient open-source tandem repeats finder implementation.
745:
TAPO: A combined method for the identification of tandem repeats in protein structures
2777:
2700:
2668:
2561:
2529:
2515:
2494:
2480:
2431:
2424:
2343:
2216:
2106:
2071:
1914:
1904:
1508:
1501:
1237:
977:
900:
891:
356:
288:
278:
137:
104:
630:
245:, tandem repeats in strings (e.g., DNA sequences) can be efficiently detected using
2757:
2690:
2554:
2522:
2487:
2473:
2445:
2371:
2350:
2093:
1936:
1896:
1863:
1635:
1621:
1519:
1249:
250:
129:(for example: CAGCAGCAGCAG...), and abnormalities in such regions can give rise to
76:
771:
613:
596:
2619:
2364:
2117:
1983:
1931:
1926:
1439:
1244:
1155:
1017:
708:
246:
552:
455:
2750:
2697:
2284:
2197:
2025:
2020:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1946:
1941:
1782:
1717:
1466:
1408:
1256:
1073:
50:
17:
796:
719:
670:
560:
464:
438:
2357:
2336:
2238:
2030:
2015:
2002:
1754:
1542:
1461:
1456:
1446:
1434:
1373:
1175:
866:
662:
283:
231:
201:
729:
688:
622:
578:
505:
496:
479:
423:
374:
2730:
2675:
2262:
2246:
2211:
2061:
2007:
1909:
1853:
1848:
1739:
1700:
1656:
1558:
1363:
1299:
1185:
949:
845:
405:
38:
807:
2762:
2680:
2661:
2221:
2206:
2043:
1921:
1705:
1690:
1393:
1368:
1195:
390:"Large-scale analysis of tandem repeat variability in the human genome"
80:
439:"A genome-wide spectrum of tandem repeat expansions in 338,963 humans"
2708:
2651:
2636:
2586:
2316:
2134:
2112:
1809:
1732:
1727:
1492:
1383:
1378:
1294:
597:"Genetics. A ruff theory of evolution: gene stutters drive dog shape"
92:
765:
2685:
2312:
2256:
2251:
1616:
1608:
1426:
1388:
1040:
2624:
2228:
2176:
2122:
1814:
1355:
341:"Protein tandem repeats - the more perfect, the less structured"
235:
227:
166:
classifies variable number tandem repeats under minisatellites.
136:
When between 10 and 60 nucleotides are repeated, it is called a
2149:
1319:
818:
749:
257:
213:
84:
46:
754:
647:"Complete genomic and epigenetic maps of human centromeres"
110:
When exactly two nucleotides are repeated, it is called a
537:"Recombination shapes the 2022 monkeypox (mpox) outbreak"
256:
Studies in 2004 linked the unusual genetic plasticity of
759:
125:
When three nucleotides are repeated, it is called a
2605:
2579:
2546:
2402:
2388:
2381:
2328:
2311:
2304:
2272:
2237:
2195:
2188:
2054:
1982:
1895:
1763:
1645:
1634:
1607:
1579:
1529:
1518:
1491:
1480:
1425:
1354:
1265:
1218:
1086:
1054:
1031:
1008:
999:
990:
965:
925:
882:
873:
792:
JSTRING - Java Search for Tandem
Repeats in genomes
478:Oki E, Oda S, Maehara Y, Sugimachi K (March 1999).
339:Jorda J, Xue B, Uversky VN, Kajava AV (June 2010).
79:. They are implicated in more than 50 lethal human
27:
Adjacent repeated pattern of nucleotides within DNA
762:De Novo Genome Analysis and Tandem Repeats Finder
200:Tandem repeats can be very useful in determining
2161:
1331:
830:
103:All tandem repeat arrays are classifiable as
8:
777:TRED - Tandem Repeats over the Edit Distance
2724:Reverse transcriptase-related cellular gene
2385:
2325:
2308:
2192:
2168:
2154:
2146:
1642:
1526:
1488:
1338:
1324:
1316:
1005:
996:
879:
837:
823:
815:
725:The Microorganisms Tandem Repeats Database
75:Tandem repeats constitute about 8% of the
678:
612:
568:
521:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
495:
454:
413:
364:
325:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2705:Retroelements not elsewhere classified
315:
238:) virus genome during 2022 pandemic.
7:
122:most commonly affects such regions.
120:hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
2657:Integrative and conjugative element
720:TRDB - The Tandem Repeats Database
906:Short tandem repeat/Microsatellite
25:
2714:Diversity-generating retroelement
519:Variable+Number+of+Tandem+Repeats
2719:Telomerase reverse transcriptase
2291:Microbes with highly unusual DNA
735:Tandem Repeats in major genomes
357:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07684.x
260:to mutations in tandem repeats.
140:. Those with fewer are known as
114:(for example: ACACACAC...). The
2642:Defective interfering particle
1992:Last universal common ancestor
1587:Defective interfering particle
910:Trinucleotide repeat disorders
304:Variable number tandem repeats
131:trinucleotide repeat disorders
49:when a pattern of one or more
1:
2630:Clonally transmissible cancer
2128:Clonally transmissible cancer
1564:Satellite-like nucleic acids
897:Variable number tandem repeat
787:Microsatellite repeats finder
730:Short Tandem Repeats Database
614:10.1126/science.306.5705.2172
160:variable number tandem repeat
85:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
2183:, and comparable structures
711:- info and animated example
2800:
1684:Class II or DNA transposon
1679:Class I or retrotransposon
553:10.1016/j.medj.2022.11.003
456:10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.004
116:microsatellite instability
29:
1997:Earliest known life forms
1871:Repeated sequences in DNA
864:
181:Other mechanisms include
2784:Repetitive DNA sequences
2647:Endogenous viral element
1844:Endogenous viral element
1662:Horizontal gene transfer
523:Medical Subject Headings
327:Medical Subject Headings
64:within their amino acid
30:Not to be confused with
1541:dsDNA satellite virus (
663:10.1126/science.abl4178
294:Tandem Repeats Database
2099:Helper dependent virus
1415:Biological dark matter
1305:Protein tandem repeats
1233:Tandemly arrayed genes
497:10.1038/sj.onc.1202583
394:Nucleic Acids Research
210:genealogical DNA tests
32:Tandemly arrayed genes
1859:Endogenous retrovirus
1832:Origin of replication
1548:ssDNA satellite virus
1538:ssRNA satellite virus
768:Tandem Repeats Finder
208:are used for certain
2746:Transposable element
2736:Spiegelman's Monster
1803:Secondary chromosome
1798:Extrachromosomal DNA
1674:Transposable element
1278:Pathogenicity island
206:Short tandem repeats
176:replication slippage
146:short tandem repeats
127:trinucleotide repeat
89:Huntington's disease
2039:Model lipid bilayer
1881:Interspersed repeat
449:(9): 2336–2341.e5.
299:Tandem repeat locus
112:dinucleotide repeat
2615:Bio-like structure
2537:Tolecusatellitidae
1349:organic structures
1228:Gene amplification
657:(6588): eabl4178.
406:10.1093/nar/gku212
2771:
2770:
2601:
2600:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2509:Portogloboviridae
2411:Alphasatellitidae
2305:Non-cellular life
2300:
2299:
2181:non-cellular life
2143:
2142:
2084:Non-cellular life
1891:
1890:
1630:
1629:
1603:
1602:
1557:ssRNA satellite (
1313:
1312:
1214:
1213:
1082:
1081:
986:
985:
875:Repeated sequence
850:repeated sequence
595:(December 2004).
216:is examined from
183:unequal crossover
70:armadillo repeats
66:primary structure
16:(Redirected from
2791:
2386:
2326:
2309:
2193:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2147:
1820:Gene duplication
1643:
1639:self-replication
1527:
1489:
1347:Self-replicating
1340:
1333:
1326:
1317:
1290:Low copy repeats
1283:Symbiosis island
1220:Gene duplication
1006:
997:
880:
858:gene duplication
839:
832:
825:
816:
693:
692:
682:
641:
635:
634:
616:
589:
583:
582:
572:
532:
526:
516:
510:
509:
499:
475:
469:
468:
458:
434:
428:
427:
417:
400:(9): 5728–5741.
385:
379:
378:
368:
345:The FEBS Journal
336:
330:
320:
243:computer science
241:In the field of
21:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2607:
2597:
2567:
2542:
2453:Finnlakeviridae
2398:
2377:
2319:
2315:
2296:
2268:
2233:
2184:
2174:
2144:
2139:
2089:Synthetic virus
2077:Artificial cell
2050:
1978:
1887:
1776:RNA replication
1771:DNA replication
1759:
1750:Group II intron
1648:
1638:
1626:
1617:Mammalian prion
1599:
1575:
1554:dsRNA satellite
1551:ssDNA satellite
1521:
1514:
1483:
1476:
1421:
1350:
1344:
1314:
1309:
1261:
1210:
1078:
1050:
1027:
1001:Retrotransposon
982:
973:Inverted repeat
961:
946:DNA transposon
942:Retrotransposon
937:Gene conversion
928:
921:
918:
869:
860:
843:
702:
697:
696:
643:
642:
638:
591:
590:
586:
547:(12): 824–826.
534:
533:
529:
517:
513:
477:
476:
472:
436:
435:
431:
387:
386:
382:
351:(12): 2673–82.
338:
337:
333:
321:
317:
312:
270:
219:microsatellites
195:
187:gene conversion
172:
142:microsatellites
101:
58:protein domains
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2797:
2795:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2502:Polydnaviridae
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2467:Globuloviridae
2463:
2460:Fuselloviridae
2456:
2449:
2442:
2439:Bicaudaviridae
2435:
2428:
2421:
2418:Ampullaviridae
2414:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2395:Naldaviricetes
2392:
2390:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2332:
2330:
2323:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2275:Incertae sedis
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1956:
1954:Kappa organism
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1825:Non-coding DNA
1822:
1817:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1745:Group I intron
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1667:Genomic island
1664:
1653:
1651:
1647:Mobile genetic
1640:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1472:dsDNA-RT virus
1469:
1467:ssRNA-RT virus
1464:
1462:(−)ssRNA virus
1459:
1457:(+)ssRNA virus
1454:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1431:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1402:Incertae sedis
1398:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1273:Genomic island
1269:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1088:DNA transposon
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1003:
994:
988:
987:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
969:
967:
963:
962:
960:
959:
958:
957:
952:
944:
939:
933:
931:
923:
922:
920:
919:
916:Macrosatellite
913:
903:
894:
888:
886:
884:Tandem repeats
877:
871:
870:
865:
862:
861:
844:
842:
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741:Search tools:
739:
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700:External links
698:
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636:
607:(5705): 2172.
584:
527:
511:
490:(12): 2143–7.
470:
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331:
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276:
274:Microsatellite
269:
266:
194:
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171:
168:
153:macrosatellite
100:
97:
91:, and several
62:tandem repeats
43:tandem repeats
26:
24:
18:Tandem repeats
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2796:
2785:
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2781:
2779:
2764:
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2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2747:
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2741:Tandem repeat
2739:
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2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
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2692:
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2679:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:Nanobacterium
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
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2610:
2604:
2594:
2591:
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2585:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2564:
2563:
2562:Rhizidiovirus
2559:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2530:Thaspiviridae
2527:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2516:Pospiviroidae
2513:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2495:Plasmaviridae
2492:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2481:Halspiviridae
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2450:
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2441:
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2436:
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2433:
2432:Avsunviroidae
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:Anelloviridae
2422:
2420:
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2408:
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2344:Duplodnaviria
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2240:
2236:
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2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:Mitochondrion
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2189:Cellular life
2187:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:Nanobacterium
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Cell division
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2045:
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2037:
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2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1975:
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1968:
1965:
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1943:
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1938:
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1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1915:Hydrogenosome
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:Mitochondrion
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1897:Endosymbiosis
1894:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:Tandem repeat
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
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1764:Other aspects
1762:
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1509:Avsunviroidae
1506:
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1502:Pospiviroidae
1499:
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1356:Cellular life
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1264:
1258:
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1239:
1238:Ribosomal DNA
1236:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
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1019:
1016:
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1011:
1007:
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1002:
998:
995:
993:
989:
979:
978:Direct repeat
976:
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970:
968:
964:
956:
953:
951:
948:
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945:
943:
940:
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917:
914:
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907:
904:
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901:Minisatellite
898:
895:
893:
892:Satellite DNA
890:
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354:
350:
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342:
335:
332:
328:
324:
323:Tandem+Repeat
319:
316:
309:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
289:Satellite DNA
287:
285:
282:
280:
279:Minisatellite
277:
275:
272:
271:
267:
265:
261:
259:
254:
252:
251:suffix arrays
248:
244:
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237:
233:
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149:
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143:
139:
138:minisatellite
134:
132:
128:
123:
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117:
113:
108:
106:
105:satellite DNA
98:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2758:Transpoviron
2740:
2691:Fungal prion
2667:
2560:
2555:Dinodnavirus
2553:
2535:
2528:
2523:Spiraviridae
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2488:Ovaliviridae
2486:
2479:
2474:Guttaviridae
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2446:Clavaviridae
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2393:
2372:Varidnaviria
2370:
2363:
2356:
2351:Monodnaviria
2349:
2342:
2335:
2283:
2273:
2094:Viral vector
1937:Gerontoplast
1875:
1864:Transpoviron
1636:Nucleic acid
1622:Fungal prion
1520:Helper-virus
1507:
1500:
1407:
1400:
1250:Gene cluster
1018:Alu sequence
927:Interspersed
883:
654:
650:
639:
604:
600:
587:
544:
540:
530:
514:
487:
483:
473:
446:
442:
432:
397:
393:
383:
348:
344:
334:
318:
262:
255:
247:suffix trees
240:
224:
217:
199:
196:
180:
173:
157:
150:
135:
126:
124:
111:
109:
102:
83:, including
77:human genome
74:
55:
42:
36:
2701:microsphere
2620:Cancer cell
2365:Ribozyviria
2118:Cancer cell
1984:Abiogenesis
1932:Chromoplast
1927:Chloroplast
1710:Degradative
1452:dsRNA virus
1447:ssDNA virus
1440:Giant virus
1435:dsDNA virus
1245:Gene family
1156:Tc1/mariner
1111:EnSpm/CACTA
716:Databases:
99:Terminology
51:nucleotides
2751:Retroposon
2698:Proteinoid
2608:structures
2606:Comparable
2382:Unassigned
2285:Parakaryon
2198:Prokaryota
2026:Proteinoid
2021:Coacervate
1974:Nitroplast
1967:Trophosome
1962:Bacteriome
1947:Apicoplast
1942:Leucoplast
1783:Chromosome
1701:Resistance
1409:Parakaryon
1257:Pseudogene
1074:retroposon
992:Transposon
854:transposon
782:TandemSWAN
705:Examples:
310:References
68:, such as
60:also form
2358:Riboviria
2337:Adnaviria
2321:Satellite
2239:Eukaryota
2035:Research
2016:Protocell
1755:Retrozyme
1714:Virulence
1696:Fertility
1543:Virophage
1531:Satellite
1522:dependent
1374:Eukaryota
1176:P element
1126:Harbinger
867:Repeatome
671:0036-8075
593:Pennisi E
561:2666-6359
465:0092-8674
284:ProRepeat
232:monkeypox
202:parentage
170:Mechanism
45:occur in
2778:Category
2731:Ribozyme
2676:Phagemid
2403:Families
2263:Protista
2247:Animalia
2212:Bacteria
2062:Organism
2055:See also
2031:Sulphobe
2008:Ribozyme
2003:RNA life
1910:Mitosome
1854:Prophage
1849:Provirus
1837:Replicon
1793:Circular
1740:Phagemid
1657:Mobilome
1649:elements
1559:Virusoid
1482:Subviral
1394:Protista
1379:Animalia
1364:Bacteria
1300:Telomere
1266:See also
1206:Zisupton
1186:Polinton
1181:PiggyBac
1136:Helitron
955:Helitron
950:Polinton
846:Genetics
772:Splinter
689:35357911
631:10680162
623:15618495
579:36495863
506:10321739
484:Oncogene
424:24682812
375:20553501
268:See also
162:(VNTR).
81:diseases
56:Several
39:genetics
2763:Xenobot
2681:Plasmid
2662:Jeewanu
2593:Obelisk
2389:Classes
2257:Plantae
2222:Plastid
2207:Archaea
2044:Jeewanu
1958:Organs
1922:Plastid
1722:Cryptic
1691:Plasmid
1389:Plantae
1369:Archaea
1196:Transib
1171:Novosib
1151:Kolobok
1121:Ginger2
1116:Ginger1
1101:Crypton
680:9233505
651:Science
601:Science
570:9733179
415:4027155
366:2928880
93:cancers
2709:Retron
2652:Fosmid
2637:Cosmid
2587:Nanobe
2547:Genera
2329:Realms
2317:Viroid
2135:Virome
2113:Nanobe
1810:Genome
1788:Linear
1733:Fosmid
1728:Cosmid
1493:Viroid
1484:agents
1295:CRISPR
1161:Merlin
1146:ISL2EU
1096:Academ
929:repeat
687:
677:
669:
629:
621:
577:
567:
559:
525:(MeSH)
504:
463:
422:
412:
373:
363:
329:(MeSH)
2686:Prion
2580:Other
2313:Virus
2252:Fungi
1609:Prion
1580:Other
1427:Virus
1384:Fungi
1201:Zator
1141:IS3EU
1046:LINE2
1041:LINE1
1033:LINEs
1010:SINEs
966:Other
802:UGENE
750:Mreps
709:VNTRs
627:S2CID
2625:HeLa
2229:LUCA
2177:Life
2123:HeLa
2067:Cell
1815:Gene
1191:Sola
1166:MuDR
1106:Dada
1069:MER4
1064:HERV
1056:LTRs
760:SERF
755:STAR
685:PMID
667:ISSN
619:PMID
575:PMID
557:ISSN
502:PMID
461:ISSN
443:Cell
420:PMID
371:PMID
258:dogs
236:mpox
228:MLVA
193:Uses
185:and
164:MeSH
2589:(?)
2293:(?)
1706:Col
1594:DNA
1591:RNA
1570:DNA
1567:RNA
1131:hAT
1023:MIR
766:TRF
675:PMC
659:doi
655:376
609:doi
605:306
565:PMC
549:doi
541:Med
492:doi
451:doi
447:187
410:PMC
402:doi
361:PMC
353:doi
349:277
249:or
214:DNA
144:or
118:in
47:DNA
37:In
2780::
2179:,
1718:Ti
856:,
852:,
848::
683:.
673:.
665:.
653:.
649:.
625:.
617:.
603:.
599:.
573:.
563:.
555:.
543:.
539:.
500:.
488:18
486:.
482:.
459:.
445:.
441:.
418:.
408:.
398:42
396:.
392:.
369:.
359:.
347:.
343:.
253:.
212:.
204:.
189:.
155:.
148:.
133:.
95:.
87:,
41:,
2672:"
2666:"
2265:'
2261:'
2200:"
2196:"
2169:e
2162:t
2155:v
2111:?
2105:?
2014:†
2001:?
1716:/
1561:)
1545:)
1339:e
1332:t
1325:v
912:)
908:(
899:/
838:e
831:t
824:v
691:.
661::
633:.
611::
581:.
551::
545:3
508:.
494::
467:.
453::
426:.
404::
377:.
355::
234:(
34:.
20:)
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