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to do but stop for the night at
Okutomo—but none of the inns would have me. Let it be! is all I say and, looking like a drowned rat, I walk on, Finally can't go on any longer and take shelter in the lee of a roadside warehouse. I wring out my clothes, eat lunch, stay there for two hours. Deluge!—no other word for it—violent wind lashing it around, sheets of rain streaming sideways like a loose blind. I felt as though I had been bashed flat by heaven—a rather splendid feeling in fact. With evening I was able to make it as far as Shishikui, but again nobody would take me in. Finally I got to Kannoura, where I found an inn that would give me lodging, much to my relief.
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494:) is an important part of practice for monks in Japan, but, considering that Santōka was not a member of a monastery while he journeyed, begging just for his own needs, he was often regarded with disdain and on a few occasions even questioned by the police. A day's earnings would go toward a room at a guesthouse, food, and sake. It is clear from his diaries that he had very mixed feelings about his lifestyle:
422:, where plans to open a second-hand bookstore soon materialized into the opening of a picture frame shop. Two years later, plagued by debt, Santōka's younger brother Jirō committed suicide. Then Santōka's grandmother died. In 1919, at the age of thirty-seven, Santōka left his family in order to find a job in Tokyo. In 1920, following her parents' wishes, Santōka divorced his wife. His father died soon after.
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522:(鉢の子,"Rice Bowl Child"). He lived on the contributions of friends and admirers, whatever he could grow in his garden, and money sent from his son Ken. In 1934 he set off again on a walking trip, but soon grew seriously ill and had to return home. He attempted suicide but lived. In 1936, he again began to walk, intent on following the trail of the famous haiku poet
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November 4, 1939. The rain began coming down in earnest and the wind was blowing hard... It blew my hat off, and my glasses went flying too—what a mess! But a grade-school student passing by retrieved them for me—many, many thanks! Rain kept getting worse, wind blowing stronger all the time—nothing
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The word Santōka can be understood in at least two different ways. The literal meaning is "Mountain-top Fire". However, it can also mean "Cremation-ground Fire," since "mountain-top" is a metaphor for cremation grounds in
Japanese. It has been speculated that this choice of name could be related to
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brewery. In 1909 his father arranged for Santōka to marry Sato Sakino, a girl from a neighboring village. In his diaries, Santōka confesses that the sight of his mother's corpse being raised from her watery grave had forever tarnished his relationship with women. In 1910 Sakino gave birth to a son,
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prefecture, to a wealthy land-owning family. When he was eleven his mother committed suicide by throwing herself into the family well. Though the exact reason for her action is unknown, according to Santōka's diaries his mother had finally reached the point where she could no longer live with her
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Santōka proved no more reliable at working a steady job than he had at going to college, and though he did secure a permanent position as a librarian in 1920, by 1922 he was again unemployed due to another "nervous breakdown." He stayed in Tokyo long enough to experience the
303:, he dropped out of school. The documented reason was "nervous breakdown," which some believe to be a euphemism for frequent and severe drunkenness. By that time his father Takejirō was in such dire financial straits that he could barely afford to pay his son's tuition.
429:(1885–1926), a fellow student of Seisensui. They both suffered from the ill effects of their drinking habits and were similar in their reliance on Seisensui and other patrons of the arts for aid and support. The literary tone of their poems, however, differs.
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In 1924, an extremely drunk Santōka jumped in front of an oncoming train in what may have been a suicide attempt. The train managed to stop just inches from him, and he was brought by a newspaper reporter to the
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In 1926, after a year spent as caretaker of Mitori Kannon-dō temple in
Kumamoto, Santōka set out on the first of many walking trips. He was away for three years. Part of this time was spent completing the
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March 28, 1933. Even if it means nothing to eat, I don't want to do any more of that hateful begging! People who have never done any begging seem to have difficulty understanding how I feel about this.
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November 26, 1934. Loving sake, savoring sake, enjoying sake is not so bad. But drowning in sake, rioting in sake—that won't do! Running around drinking in this messy way—utterly stupid!
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That same year, 1911, Santōka joined his area's local haiku group. At that time, his haiku mostly adhered to the traditional syllabic format, though some were hypersyllabic, for example:
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brewery after two years of spoiled stock. The family lost all that remained of their once great fortune. His father fled into hiding and Santōka moved his family to
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to keep off the sun. He had one bowl, which he used both for alms-getting and for eating. To survive, he went from house to house to beg. Begging (
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The poem does, however, hint at a natural phenomenon — rain — by referring to the straw hat and to the fact that it is leaking.
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fraternity. The Zen life seemed to work for Santōka: by the next year at the age of forty-two he was ordained in the Sōtō sect.
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In 1938, Gochūan became unfit for habitation, and after another walking trip, Santōka settled down at a small temple near
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also deserve recognition. Writers following the early-twentieth century movement known as free-form or free-style haiku (
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394:新傾向, lit. 'new trend') composed haiku lacking both the traditional 5-7-5 syllabic rule and the requisite seasonal word (
540:. On October 11, 1940, Santōka died in his sleep. He had published seven collections of poems and numerous editions of
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382:. Seisensui (1884–1976) could be regarded as the originator of the free-form haiku movement, though fellow writers
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as a student of literature. While there, he began drinking heavily, and in 1904, at the beginning of
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344:(青年, Youth) under the pen name Santōka (山頭火). The name is originally one of the list of
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It is a single utterance that cannot be subdivided into a 5-7-5 syllable structure, and
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In 1929 he returned briefly to
Kumamoto to visit Sakino and publish some more haiku in
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husband's philandering. Following the incident, Santōka was raised by his grandmother.
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Abrams, James (1977). "Hail in the
Begging Bowl: the Odyssey and Poetry of Santoka".
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During his trips, Santōka wore his priest's robe and a large bamboo hat known as a
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haiku — a style which does not conform to the formal rules of traditional haiku.
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Fire on the
Mountain: The Selected Haiku of a Wandering Zen Monk Taneda Santoka
1252: (archived September 21, 2007) translated by Hisashi Miura and James Green
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479:(三八九), named after his boardinghouse. Soon, however, he was back on the road.
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In 1913, Santōka was accepted as a disciple by the leading haiku reformist
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Santōka began regularly contributing poetry to
Seisensui's haiku magazine
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temple Hōon-ji, where the head priest
Mochizuki Gian welcomed him to the
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In 1906, Taneda father and son sold off family land in order to open a
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1270:: Hebrew translations of Santoka Taneda poems (in Hebrew and Japanese)
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There is no place to take shelter from the rain in an unpopular place.
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As an exponent of free style haiku, Santōka is often ranked alongside
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That same year, however, was marked by the bankruptcy of his father's
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Island. He visited the gravesite of his deceased friend Ozaki Hōsai.
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Santōka is unrelated to the actual year in which the poet was born.
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733:, translated by William Scott Wilson, Tuttle Publishing, 2021
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the traumatic experience of the suicide of Santōka's mother.
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Below are further examples of free haiku poems by Santōka:
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This poem exhibits two major features of free verse haiku:
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The following poem is a typical example of Santōka's work:
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In 1932, Santōka settled down for a time at a cottage in
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In a café we debate decadence a summer butterfly flits
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704:, translated by Scott Watson, Bookgirl Press, 2005.
518:. While there, he published his first book of poems
437:, after which he was apparently jailed as a suspect
719:, translated by Scott Watson, Bookgirl Press, 2011
514:. He named it "Gochūan" (其中庵) after a verse in the
407:(層雲, Layered Clouds). By 1916 he became an editor.
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332:In 1911, Santōka began publishing translations of
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731:The Life and Zen Haiku Poetry of Santoka Taneda
584:It began to rain, and my face began to get wet.
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1172:Mountain Tasting: Zen Haiku by Santoka Taneda
533:. He returned to Gōchuan after eight months.
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861:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
582:I'm traveling by myself wearing a straw hat.
555:What, even my straw hat has started leaking
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373:Kafe ni dekadan o ronzu natsu no chō toberi
1229:Large archive of Santōka related texts at
712:C0098. 41pp. Over 100 haiku and two essays
475:. He also began a publication of his own,
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283:Santōka was born in a village located in
1133:. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
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231:, December 3, 1882 – October 11, 1940)
1037:"山口市観光情報サイト 「西の京 やまぐち」 観光スポット情報｜其中庵｜"
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702:The Santoka: versions by Scott Watson
325:Statue of Taneda Santōka in front of
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901:The Great Rebel Poet: Taneda Santoka
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612:I go in I go in still blue mountains
907:, London, 2 May 2000), included in
671:yatto ito ga tōtta hari no kanshoku
1299:20th-century Japanese male writers
573:It does not contain a season word.
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1319:Writers from Yamaguchi Prefecture
1165:. Winchester, VA: Red Moon Press.
531:(The Narrow Road to the Interior)
27:Japanese haiku poet (1882 – 1940)
1242: (archived October 22, 2009)
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616:Wakeitte mo wakeitte mo aoi yama
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622:Fluttering drunk leaves scatter
418:City on the southern island of
1258:e-texts of Santōka's works at
834:日本国語大辞典, デジタル大辞泉,大辞林 第三版,精選版.
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1146:. Columbia University Press.
684:Santoka: Grass and Tree Cairn
667:you get the thread through it
655:yake-ato nani yara saite iru
626:Horohoro yōte ki no ha chiru
601:'s translation of Santōka's
580:---Another interpretation /
526:(1644–1694) as described in
1339:20th-century Buddhist monks
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802:(in Japanese), 2015-08-25
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1138:Santōka, Taneda (2003).
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717:Walking By My Self Again
340:in the literary journal
1227:Haiku of Santōka Taneda
690:, Red Moon Press, 2002
46:Photo of Taneda Santōka
1170:Stevens, John (1980).
1161:Sato, Hiroaki (2002).
1129:Keene, Donald (1984).
562:kasa mo moridashita ka
544:. He was fifty-seven.
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435:Great Kantō earthquake
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301:the Russo-Japanese War
271:. He is known for his
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1334:Japanese haiku poets
1231:Terebess Asia Online
1163:Grass and Tree Cairn
603:Grass and Tree Cairn
512:Yamaguchi prefecture
388:Kawahigashi Hekigoto
291:In 1902, he entered
77:Yamaguchi prefecture
1329:Zen Buddhist clergy
1294:20th-century clergy
1236:Santoka by Kametaro
1102:Monumenta Nipponica
588:But I keep walking.
459:eighty-eight temple
1324:Soto Zen Buddhists
1140:For All My Walking
899:Susumu Takiguchi,
661:feel of the needle
651:something blooming
648:where the fire was
638:For All My Walking
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1041:yamaguchi-city.jp
927:, pp. 92–124
881:home.e-catv.ne.jp
739:978-4-805316-55-9
725:978-1-933175-03-4
380:Ogiwara Seisensui
338:Guy de Maupassant
293:Waseda University
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688:Hiroaki Sato
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664:when at last
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172:Romanization
93:(1940-10-11)
1289:1940 deaths
1284:1882 births
990:, p. 7
964:Sato (2002)
954:, p. 5
939:, p. 4
822:Sato (2002)
771:, p. 3
520:Hachi no ko
516:Lotus Sutra
464:circuit on
427:Ozaki Hōsai
1278:Categories
1093:References
1046:2019-04-18
886:2019-04-18
848:2019-04-18
837:山頭(サントウ)とは
806:2019-04-18
462:pilgrimage
279:Early life
273:free verse
108:Occupation
58:1882-12-03
1268:Santokism
800:Knowledge
558:笠も漏り出したか
491:takuhatsu
439:Communist
392:shinkeikō
285:Yamaguchi
155:たねだ さんとうか
857:cite web
447:Sōtō Zen
416:Kumamoto
235:pen-name
233:was the
198:In this
149:Hiragana
1248:at the
1238:at the
1122:2384370
877:"namae"
542:Sambaku
477:Sambaku
466:Shikoku
356:natchin
347:natchin
204:surname
1178:
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548:Poetry
420:Kyūshū
342:Seinen
220:種田 山頭火
208:Taneda
202:, the
141:種田 山頭火
103:種田 山頭火
71:
1118:JSTOR
842:コトバンク
745:Notes
645:there
524:Bashō
313:Ken.
297:Tokyo
266:haiku
245:種田 正一
135:Kanji
112:Haiku
74:Japan
1176:ISBN
1148:ISBN
863:link
735:ISBN
721:ISBN
706:ISBN
692:ISBN
590:---
485:kasa
473:Sōun
412:sake
405:Sōun
397:kigo
386:and
336:and
309:sake
269:poet
264:and
260:, a
115:poet
88:Died
81:Hofu
52:Born
1110:doi
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451:Zen
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