646:
623:. A ball valve uses a spherical ball instead. In either case, a hole through the cone or ball allows the fluid to pass if it is lined up with the openings in the socket through which the fluid enters and leaves; turning the cone using the handle rotates the passage away, presenting the fluid with the unbroken surface of the cone through which it cannot pass. Valves of this type using a cylinder rather than a cone are sometimes encountered, but using a cone allows a tight fit to be made even with moderate manufacturing tolerances. The ball in ball valves rotates within plastic(usually ptfe) seats.
395:
873:
296:" (i.e. water purified for domestic use). A single temperature tap is commonly found in a commercial or public restroom where the temperature of the water will be controlled by a separate temperature regulating valve that mixes hot and cold water. The regulating valve may be under the handwashing sink or in a separate mechanical room or service closet. These single taps are less prone to breakage from heavy use or vandalism.
332:
311:
157:
40:
376:, the letters "C" for hot and "F" for cold are used (from French "chaud"/Italian "caldo"/Spanish "caliente" (hot) and French "froid"/Italian "freddo"/Spanish "frio" (cold)). Portuguese would use Q (for "quente", hot) and F. This can create confusion for English-speaking visitors. Mixer taps may have a red-blue stripe or arrows indicating which side will give hot and which cold.
149:
861:
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when the handle is in line with the pipe the valve is open, and when the handle is across the pipe it is closed. But it could move in either direction CW or CCW perpendicular to the pipe. S=shut and O=open. A cone valve consists of a shallowly tapering cone in a tight-fitting socket placed across the flow of the fluid. In UK English this is usually known as a
137:
476:
410:", which has a square peg and a square-ended key to turn off and on the water; the "loose key" can be removed to prevent vandals from turning on the water. Before the "loose key" was invented it was common for some landlords or caretakers to take off the handle of a tap, which had teeth that would meet up with the
569:
417:
Taps are normally connected to the water supply by means of a "swivel tap connector", which is attached to the end of the water pipe using a soldered or compression fitting, and has a large nut to screw onto the threaded "tail" of the tap, which hangs down underneath the bath, basin or sink. A fibre
610:
Gate valves use a metal wedge with a circular face, usually the same diameter as the pipe, which is screwed into place perpendicularly to the flow, cutting it off. There is little resistance to flow when the tap is fully open, but this type of tap rarely gives a perfect seal when closed. In the UK
618:
are another alternative. These are commonly found as the service shut-off valves in more-expensive water systems and usually found in gas taps (and, incidentally, the cask beer taps referred to above). They can be identified by their range of motion—only 90°—between fully open and closed. Usually,
641:
at the tip to limit water flow and introduce air in the form of bubbles to reduce splashing. Without an aerator, water usually flows out of the tap in one big stream. An aerator spreads the water flow into many small droplets. In sanitary settings such as hospitals or laboratories "laminar flow
602:
Also, the tortuous S-shaped path the water is forced to follow offers a significant obstruction to the flow. For high pressure domestic water systems this does not matter, but for low pressure systems where flow rate is important, such as a shower fed by a storage tank, a "stop tap" or, in
689:
uses rubber seats facing the cartridges. Each design has its advantages: Moen cartridges tend to be easiest to find, American
Standard cartridges have nearly infinite lifespan in sediment-free municipal water, and Delta's rubber seats tend to be most forgiving of sediment in well water.
669:
of 2 ceramic surfaces in contact, especially in the presence of water as a lubricant. These taps tend to require far less maintenance than traditional globe valves, and when maintenance is required the entire interior of the valve is usually replaced, often as a single pre-assembled
323:
are commonly used. In this case, hot and cold water from the two valves is mixed before reaching the outlet, allowing the water to emerge at any temperature between that of the hot and cold water supplies. Mixer taps were invented by Thomas
Campbell of
383:
requirements. Many installations exist where this standard has been ignored (called "crossed connections" by plumbers). Mis-assembly of some single-valve mixer taps will exchange hot and cold even if the fixture has been plumbed correctly.
599:) over time, so that eventually no tight seal is formed in the closed position, resulting in a leaking tap. The washer can be replaced and the valve seat resurfaced (at least a few times), but globe valves are never maintenance-free.
318:
Water for baths, sinks and basins can be provided by separate hot and cold taps; this arrangement is common in older installations, particularly in public washrooms/lavatories and utility rooms/laundries. In kitchens and bathrooms,
371:
When two pipes are installed, the hot tap generally has a red indicator while the cold tap generally has a blue or green indicator. In the United States, the taps are frequently also labeled with an "H" or "C". In countries with
555:
form and collapse at the restriction, causing the familiar hissing sound. At very low flow settings, the viscosity of the water becomes important and the pressure drop (and hissing noise) vanish; at full flow settings,
630:
proximity sensors are replacing the standard valve. Thermostatically controlled electronic dual-purpose mixing or diverting valves are used within industrial applications to automatically provide liquids as required.
642:
devices" are used in place of aerators. Laminar flow devices restrict flow and direct the water into a smooth stream without introducing the surrounding air which could contain hazardous bacteria or particles.
355:
or uncomfortable chilling as other water loads occur (such as the flushing of a toilet). Rather than two separate valves, mixer taps frequently use a single, more complex, valve controlled by a single handle
339:
uses a center handle to control both water flow and temperature (increased by clockwise rotation). Below it is a lever controlling a diverter, sending flow to the tap when positioned to the left, the
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Most handles in homes are fastened to the valve shafts with screws, but on many commercial and industrial applications they are fitted with a removable key called a "loose key", "water key", or "
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Foot controlled valves are installed within laboratory and healthcare/hospitals, as well as in industrial settings where extremely dirty hands operating taps might leave residues on them.
360:). The handle moves up and down to control the amount of water flow and from side to side to control the temperature of the water. Especially for baths and showers, the latest designs are
842:
595:" in engineering and, while it gives a leak-proof seal and good fine adjustment of flow, both the rubber washer and the valve seat are subject to wear (and for the seat, also
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on the valve shaft. This tooth and cog system is still used on most modern taps. "Loose keys" may also be found outside homes to prevent passers-by from using them.
507:). Like all ball valves its handle will parallel the gas line when open and be perpendicular when closed, making for easy visual identification of its status.
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provide requirements for faucets, such as requiring less than five pounds of force to operate, and requiring that the user does not have to twist their wrist.
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In most countries, there is a standard arrangement of hot/cold taps. For example, in the United States and many other countries, the hot tap is on the left by
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feature so that the hot/cold mixture ratio will not be affected by transient changes in the pressure of one or other of the supplies. This helps avoid
543:, so that flow rate is stable at a given setting. At intermediate flow settings the pressure at the valve restriction drops nearly to zero from the
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is the most common term in the US, similar in use to "tap" in
British English, e.g. "water faucet" (although the term "tap" is also used in the US).
710:. This prevents contamination of the building or public water system should there be a pressure drop. In the UK, water regulations require a
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292:, though also commonly refers to a faucet that supplies either hot or cold water and not both. It also appears as a descriptor in "
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washer (which expands when wet, aiding the seal) is used between the connector and the tap tail. Tap tails are normally
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more coarse, typically used in on-off applications. Turning a valve knob or lever adjusts flow by varying the
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The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) publishes several Standards on plumbing. Some are:
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is used by professionals in the trade (such as plumbers), and typically refers to an outdoor fixture.
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used in residential, commercial, and laboratory applications for coarse control of the release of
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665:-loaded ceramic surfaces or plastic washers. These taps exploit the uniquely low value of the
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Exterior spigot (also known as a "shut-off valve", "hose hydrant", "hose bib", or "silcock").
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this type of tap normally has a wheel-shaped handle rather than a crutch or capstan handle.
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of the control device in the valve assembly. The result when opened in any degree is a
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Most US jurisdictions now require hose spigots, hosebibbs, and wall hydrants to have a
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momentarily at room temperature as it passes through the restriction. Bubbles of cool
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for any everyday type of valve, particularly the fittings that control water supply to
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use cartridges (Moen's being O-ring based, American
Standard's being ceramic), while
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which is screwed down onto a valve seat in order to stop the flow. This is called a "
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ASME A112.19.1/CSA B45.2 – Enameled Cast Iron and
Enameled Steel Plumbing Fixtures
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Old metal taps were often used as decoration, as is this one at Fužine Castle,
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The first screw-down tap mechanism was patented and manufactured by the
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of the fluid or gas in the pipe, and depends only weakly on the supply
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International
Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
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brass founders Guest and
Chrimes in 1845. Most older taps use a soft
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For baths and showers, mixer taps frequently incorporate some sort of
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in the pipes becomes important and the water again becomes silent.
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769: – Place in which a person bathes under a spray of water
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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
718:
ASME A112 Standards on
Plumbing Materials and Equipment
314:
Plastic taps are widely used in India due to low costs.
824:. 2023-05-16. Archived from the original on 2023-05-16
459:
is widely used to describe the valve used to dispense
738:
ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1 – Ceramic
Plumbing Fixtures
732:
ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1 – Plumbing Supply Fittings
276:), usually a freeze-resistant version of a "spigot".
2007:
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64:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
791:"Spigot - Definition of spigot by Merriam-Webster"
246:), same as "spigot", referring to a "cock" (as in
841:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
428: " or 12 mm in diameter for sinks and
16:Valve controlling the release of a liquid or gas
729:ASME A112.6.4 – Roof, Deck, and Balcony Drains
205:is used in the United Kingdom and most of the
144:are commonly found in the bathroom and kitchen
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8:
653:Modern bathroom and kitchen taps often use
908:
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547:; in water taps, this causes the water to
677:Of three manufacturers in North America,
515:Water and gas taps have adjustable flow:
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
1963:Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)
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726:ASME A112.6.3 – Floor and Trench Drains
467:, whether gravity feed or pressurized.
834:
7:
1913:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
751: – Sensor-operated water outlet
62:adding citations to reliable sources
809:Great Maritime Inventions 1833–1950
160:Two way water tap used in restroom.
531:. Its rate is independent of the
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1233:Push-to-pull compression fittings
822:"Chapter 6: Lavatories and Sinks"
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661:surfaces sliding against other
389:Americans with Disabilities Act
254:) that penetrates a foundation
49:needs additional citations for
364:that do this using a built-in
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876:The dictionary definition of
649:Cross section of a shower tap
184:controlling the release of a
1973:World Plumbing Council (WPC)
1524:Reduced pressure zone device
1968:Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)
1687:Instant hot water dispenser
1489:Piping and plumbing fitting
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1314:Backflow prevention device
1299:Atmospheric vacuum breaker
811:, Goose Lane, 2001, p. 33.
387:In the United States, the
362:thermostatic mixing valves
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1574:Thermostatic mixing valve
757: – Irrigation system
326:Saint John, New Brunswick
140:Interior water taps with
1304:Automatic bleeding valve
943:Compatibility (chemical)
328:, and patented in 1880.
1509:Pressure-balanced valve
1504:Pressure vacuum breaker
1213:Pipe (fluid conveyance)
1155:Drain-waste-vent system
1135:Chemical drain cleaners
667:coefficient of friction
637:Modern taps often have
335:A North American style
288:generally refers to a
29:Spigot (disambiguation)
25:Faucet (disambiguation)
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1667:Garbage disposal unit
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1124:British Standard Pipe
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282:, same as "hosebibb".
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1283:Water heat recycling
1191:National Pipe Thread
1093:Water supply network
868:at Wikimedia Commons
58:improve this article
21:Tap (disambiguation)
19:For other uses, see
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1903:Hydrostatic testing
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1140:Compression fitting
795:merriam-webster.com
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358:single handle mixer
1999:Waterborne disease
1898:Hydronic balancing
1657:Evaporative cooler
1622:Accessible bathtub
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1499:Pressure regulator
1394:Double check valve
1369:Concentric reducer
1170:Garden Hose Thread
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933:Air gap (plumbing)
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1379:Coupling (piping)
1344:Chemigation valve
1197:Nominal Pipe Size
1160:Ductile iron pipe
1058:Thermal expansion
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807:Mario Theriault,
683:American Standard
374:Romance languages
290:keg or barrel tap
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565:
562:
558:parasitic drag
545:Venturi effect
512:
509:
472:
469:
307:
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197:United Kingdom
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46:
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37:
15:
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2026:
2025:Template:HVAC
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
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1997:
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1989:Plumbing code
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1986:
1984:
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1974:
1971:
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1966:
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1946:and standards
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1858:Control valve
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1500:
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1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Hose coupling
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
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1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
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1365:
1364:Closet flange
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
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1347:
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1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
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1307:
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1302:
1300:
1297:
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1274:
1273:Threaded pipe
1271:
1269:
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1192:
1189:
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1179:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1165:Flare fitting
1163:
1161:
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1156:
1153:
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1148:
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1145:Copper tubing
1143:
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1138:
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1128:
1125:
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1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Grade (slope)
971:
969:
968:Friction loss
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
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936:
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931:
930:
928:
922:
918:
911:
906:
904:
899:
897:
892:
891:
888:
882:at Wiktionary
881:
880:
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870:
867:
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858:
857:
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844:
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629:
624:
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587:
583:
579:
572:Tap mechanism
570:
563:
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554:
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530:
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522:
518:
510:
508:
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396:
392:
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385:
382:
381:building code
377:
375:
369:
367:
363:
359:
354:
350:
343:to the right.
342:
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222:United States
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128:
125:
117:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
53:
52:
47:This article
45:
41:
36:
35:
30:
26:
22:
1918:Pipe marking
1891:and services
1887:Professions,
1835:Strap wrench
1775:Basin wrench
1754:Water heater
1749:Water filter
1662:Flush toilet
1637:Dehumidifier
1579:Trench drain
1568:
1559:Street elbow
1549:Safety valve
1534:Relief valve
1474:Needle valve
1459:Grinder pump
1429:Flow limiter
1414:Float switch
1349:Chopper pump
1329:Booster pump
1278:Tube bending
1223:Pipe support
1088:Water hammer
1068:Thermosiphon
998:Neutral axis
878:
826:. Retrieved
816:
808:
803:
794:
785:
721:
697:
676:
671:
652:
636:
633:
625:
620:
613:
609:
601:
575:
514:
484:
482:
456:
454:
416:
408:sillcock key
405:
386:
378:
370:
357:
346:
337:mixing valve
320:
317:
285:
280:Wall hydrant
279:
273:
269:
265:
261:
243:
239:
233:
227:
207:Commonwealth
202:
192:Nomenclature
173:
169:
165:
163:
120:
114:October 2010
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
68:
56:Please help
51:verification
48:
1863:Flow sensor
1851:and control
1849:Measurement
1840:Tap and die
1815:Pipe wrench
1800:Driving cap
1692:Laundry tub
1569:Tap (valve)
1554:Sewage pump
1539:Riser clamp
1484:Pinch valve
1454:Grease trap
1449:Globe valve
1439:Flushometer
1424:Floor drain
1419:Float valve
1339:Check valve
1324:Bleed screw
1098:Water table
1038:Storm sewer
924:Fundamental
767:Shower head
626:Hands free
616:ball valves
593:globe valve
553:water vapor
537:temperature
529:choked flow
521:ball valves
517:gate valves
497:natural gas
2076:Irrigation
2060:Categories
1923:Pipefitter
1810:Pipecutter
1790:Core drill
1677:Humidifier
1642:Dishwasher
1604:Zone valve
1599:Water tank
1444:Gate valve
1319:Ball valve
1292:Components
1112:Technology
1083:Wastewater
1043:Stormwater
828:2023-11-30
777:References
761:Irrigation
605:gate valve
564:Mechanisms
493:fuel gases
489:ball valve
461:draft beer
366:thermostat
321:mixer taps
84:newspapers
1942:Industry
1928:Pipelayer
1785:Borescope
1780:Blowtorch
1719:Sump pump
1253:Soldering
1218:Pipe dope
1181:Hydronics
1053:Tap water
1018:Sewer gas
983:Heat trap
978:Greywater
948:Corrosion
672:cartridge
597:corrosion
578:Rotherham
533:viscosity
495:(such as
455:The term
294:tap water
2066:Plumbing
2008:See also
1994:Scalding
1682:Icemaker
1469:Manifold
1028:Sewerage
1008:Pressure
963:Fuel gas
938:Backflow
926:concepts
917:Plumbing
837:cite web
743:See also
639:aerators
628:infrared
586:neoprene
541:pressure
525:aperture
501:coal gas
479:Gas taps
450:ballcock
400:Slovenia
353:scalding
274:hosebibb
270:hose bib
248:stopcock
244:sillcock
211:bathtubs
142:aerators
1933:Plumber
1889:trades,
1830:Plunger
1739:Washlet
1627:Bathtub
1529:Reducer
1359:Cistern
1263:Swaging
1243:Sealant
1119:Brazing
659:plastic
655:ceramic
511:Physics
485:gas tap
463:from a
443:⁄
433:⁄
423:⁄
266:bibcock
252:petcock
240:Silcock
180:) is a
98:scholar
2071:Valves
2020:Piping
1729:Urinal
1697:Shower
1203:O-ring
1176:Gasket
1033:Siphon
1023:Sewage
879:faucet
663:spring
589:washer
582:rubber
505:syngas
503:, and
341:shower
306:Liquid
268:, and
234:Spigot
228:Faucet
176:: see
174:faucet
170:spigot
168:(also
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
27:, and
1632:Bidet
1594:Valve
1238:Putty
1208:Oakum
1199:(NPS)
1193:(NPT)
1172:(GHT)
1126:(BSP)
687:Delta
412:gears
301:Types
242:(and
215:sinks
186:fluid
182:valve
105:JSTOR
91:books
1709:Sink
1514:Pump
1103:Well
993:Leak
843:link
708:hose
681:and
679:Moen
549:boil
256:sill
250:and
213:and
77:news
866:Tap
702:or
657:or
584:or
535:or
471:Gas
465:keg
457:tap
286:Tap
272:or
262:Bib
203:Tap
172:or
166:tap
60:by
2062::
839:}}
835:{{
793:.
674:.
499:,
483:A
452:.
188:.
164:A
23:,
909:e
902:t
895:v
845:)
831:.
797:.
445:8
441:3
435:4
431:3
425:2
421:1
402:.
356:(
264:(
258:.
217:.
127:)
121:(
116:)
112:(
102:·
95:·
88:·
81:·
54:.
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
