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foot, making them more flexible. Modern tap shoes have soles with heels of varying height (one inch or more) and are commonly made of wood or stacked leather. Some beginner tap shoes have heels made of plastic. The toe box of the tap shoe is located on the front of the shoe for the purpose of reinforcing the shoe; however there are tap shoes that use a soft leather instead. A single tap shoe has two taps: one under the heel, and another under the toes.
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599:"Soft-Shoe" is a rhythm form of tap dancing that does not require special shoes, and though rhythm is generated by tapping of the feet, it also uses sliding of the feet (even sometimes using scattered sand on the stage to enhance the sound of sliding feet) more often than modern rhythm tap. It preceded what is currently considered to be modern tap, but has since declined in popularity.
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dancing and Irish Step dancing, Robinson joined the
Vaudeville circuit in 1902 in a duo with George W. Cooper. The act quickly became famous, headlining events across the country, and touring England as well. In 1908, the partnership ended and Robinson began dancing solo, which was extremely rare for
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There was also the "two-color rule," which made sure that black tap dancers were not able to perform solos onstage. This led to some tap dancers performing comedic tap duets. There were stereotypes placed on black
Americans such as the "Uncle Tom" stereotype, and many tap dancers were forced to wear
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Depending on manufacturer and model, tap characteristics can vary considerably. For example, some taps have relatively low weight and small footprint whereas others may be thicker and fill out the edge of the shoe more, making them heavier as a result. A tap's "tone" is influenced by its weight as
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In the earliest years of tap dancing, tap shoes often had wooden soles. The soles of modern tap shoes are either full-sole or split-sole. A full-sole tap shoe has a continuous base material along the underside of the shoes; a split-sole tap shoe has a gap in the base material under the arch of the
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Other common tap steps include the shuffle, shuffle ball change, double shuffle, leap shuffle, flap, flap ball change, running flaps, flap heel, cramp-roll, buffalo, Maxi Ford, Maxi Ford with a pullback, pullbacks, wings, Cincinnati, the shim sham shimmy (also called the Lindy), Irish, Waltz Clog,
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came on the scene. Consisting of real life brothers Fayard and Harold, this team wowed audiences with their acrobatic feats incorporated into their classy style of dancing. A notable scene in the movie "Stormy
Weather" features the pair dancing up a staircase and then descending the staircase in a
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Time steps is an umbrella term that is widely used in tap for any combination of steps that follows a specific rhythm or pattern. These consist of a rhythm that is changed to make new time steps by adding or removing steps. There are many variations of the basic time step, including the single,
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was prominent in
America. This led to the creation of two different styles of tap dance: White tap dancers formed a Broadway style and Black dancers continued to evolve with the traditional rhythm based style. Broadway tap dance was performed in mainly Broadway musicals and film, and it did not
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In advanced tap dancing, basic steps are often combined together to create new steps. Many steps also have single, double, and triple variations, or can have a variation with a pickup, which is essentially adding an additional brush sound. Popular steps with many variations include pullbacks,
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tap dancing and Ford "Buck" Washington playing a piano. The duo performed a "Class Act", a routine in which the performers wore tuxedos, effectively distinguishing them from the older minstrel show concept of tap dancers as "grinning-and-dancing clowns."
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and freeman step dances. The fusion of
African rhythms and performance styles with European techniques of footwork led to the creation of tap dance. This fusion began in the mid-17th century but did not become popular until the mid-19th century.
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355:. However, Bill Robinson's career was reduced to "minstrelsy," which can be defined as White performers using makeup to mock black culture or using black stereotypes in a performance. Black Americans joined these
212:. "Flying swing outs" and "flying circles" are Lindy Hop moves with tap footwork. In the mid-to-late 1950s, the style of entertainment changed. Jazz music and tap dance declined, while rock and roll and the new
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Basic tap steps are known as "one-sound steps" and are either weight shifting or non-weight-shifting steps. Common basic tap steps include heel drops, toe drops, a brush, scuff, chug, pull, hop, leap and step.
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the paddle roll, the paradiddle, stomp, brushes, scuffs, spanks, single and double toe punches, hot steps, heel clicks toe stands, over-the-tops, military time step, New
Yorkers, and Shiggy Bops.
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is the dancer's understanding of the music they are performing to. Improvisation is where a dancer makes up the movement as they perform, and the choreography is not prepared beforehand.
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stage. Due to
Vaudeville's unspoken "two-colored rule", which forbade blacks to perform solo, many Vaudeville tap acts were duets. One such duo was "Buck and Bubbles," which consisted of
224:, so both dances have many moves in common. But jazz evolved separately from tap dance to become a new form in its own right. Well known dancers during the 1960s and 1970s included
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During the 1930s and the 1940s, Americans were able to watch tap dancers perform on film. However, Black tap dancers found it difficult to be a part of these White films because
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series of leapfrogs over each other into a full split from which they rise with no hands. "Stormy
Weather" was a six-minute performance performed in one go with no retakes. The
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well as its surface shape, which may be concave or convex. The tonal quality of a tap can also be influenced by the material it is made from, and the presence of a soundboard.
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Hoofers are tap dancers who dance primarily "closer to the floor", using mostly footwork and not showing very much arm or body movement. This kind of tap dancing, also called
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in the United States, now celebrated May 25, was signed into law by
President George Bush on November 7, 1989. (May 25 was chosen because it is the birthday of famous tapper
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In tap, various types of turns can be done, including step heel turns, Maxi Ford turns, cramp-roll turns, and drag turns. All tap turns can be practiced in both directions.
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a black man at that time. Despite this, he had tremendous success and soon became a world-famous celebrity. He went on to have a leading role in many films, notably in the
1321:"Jamie A. Thomas and Christina Jackson (editors), Embodied Difference: Divergent Bodies in Public Discourse. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2019 (ISBN: 978-1-4985-6386-4)"
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emphasize classic jazz rhythms. Rhythm tap integrated more of the classic
African roots of tap dance, and it emphasized jazz rhythms, musicality, and improvisation.
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1219:""TAP DANCING ON THE RACIAL BOUNDARY": RACIAL REPRESENTATION AND ARTISTIC EXPERIMENTATION IN BILL "BOJANGLES" ROBINSON'S STORMY WEATHER PERFORMANCE"
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There are two major versions of tap dance: rhythm (jazz) tap and Broadway tap. Broadway tap focuses on dance; it is widely performed in
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Gates, Henry Louis. "Harlem Renaissance lives from the African American national biography." Oxford University Press, 2009, pg. 429.
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Taps are mounted to the sole of the shoe with screws, and sometimes adhesive as well. The screws are driven into a
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The sound is made by shoes that have a metal "tap" on the heel and toe. Different shoes may differ in their sound.
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traditions. During the 17th – 19th centuries, it was primarily developed from European step dance forms, such as
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striking the floor as a form of percussion; it is often accompanied by music. Tap dancing can also be
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It is an African-American artform that evolved alongside the advent of jazz music. Tap is a type of
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developed an innovative rhythmic tap style that influenced the work of later tap dancers such as
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double, and triple time steps. Time steps consist of single- and multi-sound step combinations.
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introduced ballet elements and style into tap. This style of tap led to what is today known as
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As minstrel shows began to decline in popularity, tap dance moved to the increasingly popular
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performances, where they would be forced to act on black stereotypes in their performances.
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Tap dance is an indigenous American dance form with roots that go back 300 years to
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1376:"RIFFS: A Theory of Instruction and Reference for Step Progression in Tap Dance"
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837:"Tap Dance Guide: Understanding the Origins of Tap Dance - 2024 - MasterClass"
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Michiels Hernandez, Barbara L.; Ozmun, Michelle; Keeton, Gladys (April 2013).
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dancers in the 1800s. Tap dance then became a popular stage entertainment.
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A teen tap dancer is performing a tap step known as a "toe stand" onstage.
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777:"Healthy and Creative Tap Dance: Teaching a Lifetime Physical Activity"
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407: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Side view of tap shoe, showing taps mounted to bottoms of heel and toe
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also features a tap dancer, Jamie Pressnall, tapping as percussion.
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danced on pianos and many other structures during this performance.
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492:(video) A man practices tap dancing in front of a station in Japan.
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around 1904 (then known as "Willie Robinson"). Well versed in both
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LiveTheDance is a dance blog – Guides, Reviews, Tips for Dancers
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1035:"The Class Act – Pete, Peaches & Duke – Coles & Atkins"
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helped bring tap dance into mainstream media by choreographing
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Interview with Donald O'Connor on the history of tap dancing
975:"A Brief Overview of the Origins and Evolution of Tap Dance"
823:"A Brief Overview of the Origins and Evolution of Tap Dance"
92:, and practitioners consider themselves to be a part of the
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Dancing Many Drums: Excavations In African American Dance
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1183:"'Bojangles' salutes tap dancer who broke race barriers"
508:. Choreography typically starts on the eighth or first
1488:"How to Choose the Right Shoes for Tap Dance Classes?"
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The Book of Tap: Recovering America's Long Lost Dance
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Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance
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The Origin Of Tap Dance, Beholders.org, 12 Sept 2011
565:, starring Gregory Hines and many old-time hoofers.
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1083:David Hinkley, Gregory Hines (February 4, 2001).
1158:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
1003:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
906:Craine, Debra; Mackrell, Judith (2010-01-01),
258:.) Prominent modern tap dancers have included
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250:, has further reinforced the popular appeal.
172:Another notable figure during this period is
49:) is a form of dance that uses the sounds of
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1583:What the Eye Hears: A History of Tap Dancing
948:Shoes, Walking in a Dancer's (2017-04-18).
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1486:Bellerose, Author Samantha (2021-09-12).
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541:. The majority of early hoofers, such as
467:Learn how and when to remove this message
74:Irish soft-shoe and hard-shoe step dances
1639:) is being considered for deletion. See
1258:. Oxford University Press. p. 103.
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512:count. Another aspect of tap dancing is
27:Type of dance involving percussive shoes
1587:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
1360:A Brief History of the Soft Shoes Dance
1255:Tap Dancing America: A Cultural History
1154:"Tap Dance in America: A Short History"
999:"Tap Dance in America: A Short History"
950:"Different Types of Tap Dancing Styles"
870:The International Encyclopedia of Dance
760:
681:
659:There are several styles of tap shoes:
208:During the 1930s, tap dance mixed with
1528:"Customizing Your Tap Shoes: The Taps"
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1552:Ames, Jerry; Siegelman, Jim (1977).
920:10.1093/acref/9780199563449.001.0001
878:10.1093/acref/9780195173697.001.0001
405:adding citations to reliable sources
1662:PillowTalks: Tap Dancing in America
1116:Sarah Kaufman (December 17, 2006).
1056:Thomas F DeFrantz (April 1, 2002).
122:Students performing a tap dance in
64:that began with the combination of
1728:Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
1674:"The Black History of Tap Dancing"
25:
1643:to help reach a consensus. ›
612:timesteps, riffs, and drawbacks.
504:Tap dancers make frequent use of
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1286:Valis Hill, Constantine (2010).
868:, in Cohen, Selma Jeanne (ed.),
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643:Popular tap shoe makers include
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2671:Dance in mythology and religion
1118:"Tapping a Gold Mine of Motion"
954:Walking In A Tap Dancer's Shoes
851:"Home - Irish Dancing Magazine"
392:needs additional citations for
1252:Hill, Constance Valis (2014).
912:The Oxford Dictionary of Dance
1:
1733:American Negro Ballet Company
1530:. Dance Advantage. 2011-07-05
1392:10.1080/23734833.2021.1954852
1085:"HERE'S TO YOU, MR. ROBINSON"
1039:American Tap Dance Foundation
793:10.1080/07303084.2013.773810
216:emerged. What is now called
1664:at Jacob's Pillow, 7/1/2010
1434:"Tap Shoe Guide | Bloch US"
1380:Dance Education in Practice
1062:. Univ of Wisconsin Press.
973:Blume, Julie (2023-03-20).
914:, Oxford University Press,
872:, Oxford University Press,
739:Stepping (African-American)
703:Metal tap on bottom of heel
576:look to tap dancing, while
549:were African American men.
351:, who performed duets with
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715:Metal tap on bottom of toe
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151:African rhythms and styles
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1374:Silao, Nia (2021-07-03).
1338:10.1017/s2753906700003338
1187:Christian Science Monitor
864:Sommer, Sally R. (1998),
349:Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
256:Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
174:Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
1641:templates for discussion
308:Dormeshia Sumbry-Edwards
196:Shortly thereafter, the
88:. Rhythm tap focuses on
76:, and a variety of both
1617:The Origin of Tap Dance
1579:Seibert, Brian (2015).
1556:. David McKay Company.
1466:www.abbystandingtap.com
1462:"Anatomy of a tap shoe"
1292:Oxford University Press
1217:DURKIN, HANNAH (2010).
312:Dianne "Lady Di" Walker
2742:African-American dance
1717:African-American dance
1325:Hypatia Reviews Online
1319:Edwards, Mary (2020).
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252:National Tap Dance Day
166:John "Bubbles" Sublett
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545:, Glover, Hines, and
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34:Tap dancing class at
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2636:Dance and disability
1669:Tap dance dictionary
401:improve this article
361:James "Buster" Brown
326:Segregation's impact
276:James "Buster" Brown
72:traditions, such as
2681:Dance on television
1623:All About Tap Dance
1288:Tap Dancing America
568:Early tappers like
373:Tap dance technique
296:Jason Samuels Smith
182:The Whitman Sisters
1512:has generic name (
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320:Tilly and the Wall
272:The Clark Brothers
237:No Maps on My Taps
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36:Iowa State College
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2676:Dance occupations
2613:Wallis and Futuna
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1682:, 1 December 2022
1679:Afropop Worldwide
1363:themovingarts.com
1301:978-0-19-539082-7
1265:978-0-19-022538-4
1087:. The Daily News.
929:978-0-19-956344-9
887:978-0-19-517369-7
547:LaVaughn Robinson
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304:Michelle Dorrance
292:LaVaughn Robinson
203:Nicholas Brothers
198:Nicholas Brothers
66:Southern American
16:(Redirected from
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2711:History of dance
2696:Dance technology
2641:Dance and health
2591:African-American
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1907:List of dances
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1189:. 2001-02-02.
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371:Main article:
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2691:Dance science
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1763:Hip-hop dance
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1225:(2): 98–106.
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908:"tap dancing"
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587:Anything Goes
583:
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558:
557:
552:
551:Savion Glover
548:
544:
540:
539:Savion Glover
536:
535:Gregory Hines
532:
528:
526:
521:
519:
515:
514:improvisation
511:
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498:
471:
468:
460:
449:
446:
442:
439:
435:
432:
428:
425:
421:
418: –
417:
413:
412:Find sources:
406:
402:
396:
395:
390:This section
388:
384:
379:
378:
374:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
340:
338:
333:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:Maurice Hines
285:
281:
280:Savion Glover
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:
243:
242:animated film
239:
238:
233:
231:
227:
226:Arthur Duncan
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
199:
194:
192:
187:
186:Buck and Wing
183:
179:
178:Alice Whitman
175:
170:
167:
163:
158:
156:
155:minstrel show
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
125:
120:
113:
109:
102:
100:
97:
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91:
87:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
2701:Dance troupe
2646:Dance awards
2541:Pontic Greek
2248:Dance theory
2238:Choreography
2209:
2150:Contemporary
1829:
1768:Breakdancing
1677:
1661:
1634:
1582:
1553:
1532:. Retrieved
1522:
1510:|first=
1491:. Retrieved
1481:
1470:. Retrieved
1468:. 2016-12-28
1465:
1442:. Retrieved
1440:. 2022-04-25
1437:
1416:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1328:
1324:
1287:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1254:
1247:
1222:
1198:. Retrieved
1186:
1161:. Retrieved
1157:
1129:December 16,
1127:. Retrieved
1121:
1111:
1078:
1058:
1051:
1043:the original
1038:
1029:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:
993:
982:. Retrieved
978:
968:
957:. Retrieved
953:
943:
933:, retrieved
911:
901:
891:, retrieved
869:
859:
845:
831:
817:
787:(4): 29–40.
784:
780:
721:
719:
677:
658:
642:
638:
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
598:
591:
585:
581:
570:Fred Astaire
567:
560:
554:
531:Steve Condos
529:
524:
522:
517:
503:
463:
457:October 2023
454:
444:
437:
430:
423:
411:
399:Please help
394:verification
391:
341:
329:
300:Chloe Arnold
245:
235:
234:
221:
217:
207:
195:
171:
159:
137:musical and
135:West African
128:
98:
83:
59:
46:
42:
41:
2531:Philippines
2516:Netherlands
2506:Middle East
2058:Table dance
2023:Go go dance
2003:Competitive
1820:Stick dance
1805:Set de flo'
1629:‹ The
1386:(3): 6–17.
1271:February 2,
1223:IJAS Online
866:"Tap Dance"
749:Irish dance
593:42nd Street
506:syncopation
416:"Tap dance"
332:segregation
260:Sarah Reich
193:franchise.
124:Mexico City
114:tap dancing
112:Jimmy Slyde
96:tradition.
70:Irish dance
2747:Jazz dance
2731:Categories
2598:Uzbekistan
2366:Azerbaijan
2275:Musicality
2243:Connection
2200:Postmodern
2170:Historical
2053:Striptease
2048:Pole dance
1998:Ceremonial
1953:slow dance
1795:Juba dance
1738:Buck dance
1563:0679506152
1534:2013-02-25
1493:2023-11-24
1472:2023-10-31
1444:2023-10-30
1200:2022-11-28
1163:2022-11-29
1008:2022-10-20
984:2024-06-27
959:2024-09-14
935:2023-10-31
893:2023-10-31
755:References
734:Step dance
722:soundboard
578:Gene Kelly
556:Happy Feet
525:rhythm tap
518:a cappella
427:newspapers
345:black-face
337:Musicality
247:Happy Feet
230:Tommy Tune
218:jazz dance
214:jazz dance
162:Vaudeville
139:step dance
90:musicality
62:step dance
55:a cappella
2737:Tap dance
2603:Venezuela
2566:Sri Lanka
2561:Singapore
2521:Nicaragua
2451:Indonesia
2356:Australia
2225:Technique
2123:formation
2038:Lap dance
1830:Tap dance
1810:Slow drag
1800:Lindy Hop
1783:Strutting
1646:Tap dance
1603:898419561
1408:237548320
1400:2373-4833
1347:2753-9067
1231:2009-2377
1195:0882-7729
809:144368244
801:0730-3084
663:Mary Jane
635:Tap shoes
627:Tap shoes
603:Tap Steps
316:Indie-pop
222:tap dance
210:Lindy Hop
51:tap shoes
43:Tap dance
18:Tap Dance
2618:Zimbabwe
2571:Thailand
2496:Malaysia
2481:Kiribati
2391:Cameroon
2386:Cambodia
2376:Bulgaria
2351:Assyrian
2320:national
2315:Regional
2295:Spotting
2290:Sequence
2268:glossary
2215:Two-step
2160:Flamenco
2145:Breaking
2140:Boogaloo
2118:Ballroom
2063:Twerking
2028:Grinding
2013:Ecstatic
1815:Stepping
1778:Boogaloo
1758:Get down
1743:Cakewalk
1631:template
1502:cite web
1239:26234258
744:Flamenco
728:See also
574:ballroom
357:minstrel
2628:Related
2608:Vietnam
2581:Ukraine
2491:Kurdish
2461:Ireland
2441:Hungary
2431:Georgia
2416:Denmark
2406:Croatia
2371:Belarus
2361:Austria
2346:Armenia
2336:Albania
2300:Turnout
2185:Lyrical
2165:Hip-hop
2008:Concert
1933:Partner
1902:Outline
1788:Popping
1773:Locking
1633:below (
1572:2493445
1105:YouTube
649:Capezio
441:scholar
284:Gregory
103:History
2576:Turkey
2556:Serbia
2551:Russia
2546:Romani
2536:Poland
2501:Mexico
2466:Israel
2436:Greece
2421:Europe
2396:Canada
2331:Africa
2322:dances
2280:Pointe
2253:Graham
2233:Ballet
2190:Modern
2113:Ballet
2100:Styles
2085:Street
2080:Sacred
2018:Erotic
1990:Social
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2195:Polka
2180:Latin
2135:Belly
2128:waltz
1973:round
1897:Index
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