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foot, making them more flexible. Modern tap shoes have soles with heels of varying height (one inch or more) and are commonly made of wood or stacked leather. Some beginner tap shoes have heels made of plastic. The toe box of the tap shoe is located on the front of the shoe for the purpose of reinforcing the shoe; however there are tap shoes that use a soft leather instead. A single tap shoe has two taps: one under the heel, and another under the toes.
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599:"Soft-Shoe" is a rhythm form of tap dancing that does not require special shoes, and though rhythm is generated by tapping of the feet, it also uses sliding of the feet (even sometimes using scattered sand on the stage to enhance the sound of sliding feet) more often than modern rhythm tap. It preceded what is currently considered to be modern tap, but has since declined in popularity.
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dancing and Irish Step dancing, Robinson joined the
Vaudeville circuit in 1902 in a duo with George W. Cooper. The act quickly became famous, headlining events across the country, and touring England as well. In 1908, the partnership ended and Robinson began dancing solo, which was extremely rare for
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There was also the "two-color rule," which made sure that black tap dancers were not able to perform solos onstage. This led to some tap dancers performing comedic tap duets. There were stereotypes placed on black
Americans such as the "Uncle Tom" stereotype, and many tap dancers were forced to wear
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Depending on manufacturer and model, tap characteristics can vary considerably. For example, some taps have relatively low weight and small footprint whereas others may be thicker and fill out the edge of the shoe more, making them heavier as a result. A tap's "tone" is influenced by its weight as
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In the earliest years of tap dancing, tap shoes often had wooden soles. The soles of modern tap shoes are either full-sole or split-sole. A full-sole tap shoe has a continuous base material along the underside of the shoes; a split-sole tap shoe has a gap in the base material under the arch of the
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Other common tap steps include the shuffle, shuffle ball change, double shuffle, leap shuffle, flap, flap ball change, running flaps, flap heel, cramp-roll, buffalo, Maxi Ford, Maxi Ford with a pullback, pullbacks, wings, Cincinnati, the shim sham shimmy (also called the Lindy), Irish, Waltz Clog,
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came on the scene. Consisting of real life brothers Fayard and Harold, this team wowed audiences with their acrobatic feats incorporated into their classy style of dancing. A notable scene in the movie "Stormy
Weather" features the pair dancing up a staircase and then descending the staircase in a
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Time steps is an umbrella term that is widely used in tap for any combination of steps that follows a specific rhythm or pattern. These consist of a rhythm that is changed to make new time steps by adding or removing steps. There are many variations of the basic time step, including the single,
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was prominent in
America. This led to the creation of two different styles of tap dance: White tap dancers formed a Broadway style and Black dancers continued to evolve with the traditional rhythm based style. Broadway tap dance was performed in mainly Broadway musicals and film, and it did not
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In advanced tap dancing, basic steps are often combined together to create new steps. Many steps also have single, double, and triple variations, or can have a variation with a pickup, which is essentially adding an additional brush sound. Popular steps with many variations include pullbacks,
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tap dancing and Ford "Buck" Washington playing a piano. The duo performed a "Class Act", a routine in which the performers wore tuxedos, effectively distinguishing them from the older minstrel show concept of tap dancers as "grinning-and-dancing clowns."
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and freeman step dances. The fusion of
African rhythms and performance styles with European techniques of footwork led to the creation of tap dance. This fusion began in the mid-17th century but did not become popular until the mid-19th century.
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355:. However, Bill Robinson's career was reduced to "minstrelsy," which can be defined as White performers using makeup to mock black culture or using black stereotypes in a performance. Black Americans joined these
212:. "Flying swing outs" and "flying circles" are Lindy Hop moves with tap footwork. In the mid-to-late 1950s, the style of entertainment changed. Jazz music and tap dance declined, while rock and roll and the new
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Basic tap steps are known as "one-sound steps" and are either weight shifting or non-weight-shifting steps. Common basic tap steps include heel drops, toe drops, a brush, scuff, chug, pull, hop, leap and step.
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the paddle roll, the paradiddle, stomp, brushes, scuffs, spanks, single and double toe punches, hot steps, heel clicks toe stands, over-the-tops, military time step, New
Yorkers, and Shiggy Bops.
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is the dancer's understanding of the music they are performing to. Improvisation is where a dancer makes up the movement as they perform, and the choreography is not prepared beforehand.
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stage. Due to
Vaudeville's unspoken "two-colored rule", which forbade blacks to perform solo, many Vaudeville tap acts were duets. One such duo was "Buck and Bubbles," which consisted of
224:, so both dances have many moves in common. But jazz evolved separately from tap dance to become a new form in its own right. Well known dancers during the 1960s and 1970s included
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During the 1930s and the 1940s, Americans were able to watch tap dancers perform on film. However, Black tap dancers found it difficult to be a part of these White films because
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series of leapfrogs over each other into a full split from which they rise with no hands. "Stormy
Weather" was a six-minute performance performed in one go with no retakes. The
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well as its surface shape, which may be concave or convex. The tonal quality of a tap can also be influenced by the material it is made from, and the presence of a soundboard.
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Hoofers are tap dancers who dance primarily "closer to the floor", using mostly footwork and not showing very much arm or body movement. This kind of tap dancing, also called
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in the United States, now celebrated May 25, was signed into law by
President George Bush on November 7, 1989. (May 25 was chosen because it is the birthday of famous tapper
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In tap, various types of turns can be done, including step heel turns, Maxi Ford turns, cramp-roll turns, and drag turns. All tap turns can be practiced in both directions.
363:, got his start in the segregated clubs of the 1930s, but eventually earned international mainstream recognition and mentored younger more modern tap dancers in the 1990s.
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a black man at that time. Despite this, he had tremendous success and soon became a world-famous celebrity. He went on to have a leading role in many films, notably in the
1321:"Jamie A. Thomas and Christina Jackson (editors), Embodied Difference: Divergent Bodies in Public Discourse. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2019 (ISBN: 978-1-4985-6386-4)"
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emphasize classic jazz rhythms. Rhythm tap integrated more of the classic
African roots of tap dance, and it emphasized jazz rhythms, musicality, and improvisation.
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1219:""TAP DANCING ON THE RACIAL BOUNDARY": RACIAL REPRESENTATION AND ARTISTIC EXPERIMENTATION IN BILL "BOJANGLES" ROBINSON'S STORMY WEATHER PERFORMANCE"
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1306:"Hoofer, a tap dancer who emphasizes movements from the waist down, and concentrates on the flat-footed percussive intricacies of the feet"
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There are two major versions of tap dance: rhythm (jazz) tap and Broadway tap. Broadway tap focuses on dance; it is widely performed in
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Gates, Henry Louis. "Harlem Renaissance lives from the African American national biography." Oxford University Press, 2009, pg. 429.
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Taps are mounted to the sole of the shoe with screws, and sometimes adhesive as well. The screws are driven into a
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The sound is made by shoes that have a metal "tap" on the heel and toe. Different shoes may differ in their sound.
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traditions. During the 17th – 19th centuries, it was primarily developed from European step dance forms, such as
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striking the floor as a form of percussion; it is often accompanied by music. Tap dancing can also be
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It is an African-American artform that evolved alongside the advent of jazz music. Tap is a type of
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developed an innovative rhythmic tap style that influenced the work of later tap dancers such as
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double, and triple time steps. Time steps consist of single- and multi-sound step combinations.
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introduced ballet elements and style into tap. This style of tap led to what is today known as
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As minstrel shows began to decline in popularity, tap dance moved to the increasingly popular
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performances, where they would be forced to act on black stereotypes in their performances.
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Tap dance is an indigenous American dance form with roots that go back 300 years to
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1376:"RIFFS: A Theory of Instruction and Reference for Step Progression in Tap Dance"
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837:"Tap Dance Guide: Understanding the Origins of Tap Dance - 2024 - MasterClass"
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Michiels Hernandez, Barbara L.; Ozmun, Michelle; Keeton, Gladys (April 2013).
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dancers in the 1800s. Tap dance then became a popular stage entertainment.
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A teen tap dancer is performing a tap step known as a "toe stand" onstage.
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777:"Healthy and Creative Tap Dance: Teaching a Lifetime Physical Activity"
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407: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Side view of tap shoe, showing taps mounted to bottoms of heel and toe
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also features a tap dancer, Jamie Pressnall, tapping as percussion.
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danced on pianos and many other structures during this performance.
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492:(video) A man practices tap dancing in front of a station in Japan.
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around 1904 (then known as "Willie Robinson"). Well versed in both
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LiveTheDance is a dance blog – Guides, Reviews, Tips for Dancers
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1035:"The Class Act – Pete, Peaches & Duke – Coles & Atkins"
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helped bring tap dance into mainstream media by choreographing
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Interview with Donald O'Connor on the history of tap dancing
975:"A Brief Overview of the Origins and Evolution of Tap Dance"
823:"A Brief Overview of the Origins and Evolution of Tap Dance"
92:, and practitioners consider themselves to be a part of the
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Dancing Many Drums: Excavations In African American Dance
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1183:"'Bojangles' salutes tap dancer who broke race barriers"
508:. Choreography typically starts on the eighth or first
1488:"How to Choose the Right Shoes for Tap Dance Classes?"
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The Book of Tap: Recovering America's Long Lost Dance
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Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance
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The Origin Of Tap Dance, Beholders.org, 12 Sept 2011
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1083:David Hinkley, Gregory Hines (February 4, 2001).
1158:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
1003:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
906:Craine, Debra; Mackrell, Judith (2010-01-01),
258:.) Prominent modern tap dancers have included
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250:, has further reinforced the popular appeal.
172:Another notable figure during this period is
49:) is a form of dance that uses the sounds of
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1583:What the Eye Hears: A History of Tap Dancing
948:Shoes, Walking in a Dancer's (2017-04-18).
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1486:Bellerose, Author Samantha (2021-09-12).
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541:. The majority of early hoofers, such as
467:Learn how and when to remove this message
74:Irish soft-shoe and hard-shoe step dances
1258:. Oxford University Press. p. 103.
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512:count. Another aspect of tap dancing is
27:Type of dance involving percussive shoes
1587:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
1360:A Brief History of the Soft Shoes Dance
1255:Tap Dancing America: A Cultural History
1154:"Tap Dance in America: A Short History"
999:"Tap Dance in America: A Short History"
950:"Different Types of Tap Dancing Styles"
870:The International Encyclopedia of Dance
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659:There are several styles of tap shoes:
208:During the 1930s, tap dance mixed with
1528:"Customizing Your Tap Shoes: The Taps"
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1552:Ames, Jerry; Siegelman, Jim (1977).
920:10.1093/acref/9780199563449.001.0001
878:10.1093/acref/9780195173697.001.0001
405:adding citations to reliable sources
1645:PillowTalks: Tap Dancing in America
1116:Sarah Kaufman (December 17, 2006).
1056:Thomas F DeFrantz (April 1, 2002).
122:Students performing a tap dance in
64:that began with the combination of
1711:Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
1657:"The Black History of Tap Dancing"
25:
612:timesteps, riffs, and drawbacks.
504:Tap dancers make frequent use of
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1286:Valis Hill, Constantine (2010).
868:, in Cohen, Selma Jeanne (ed.),
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643:Popular tap shoe makers include
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2654:Dance in mythology and religion
1118:"Tapping a Gold Mine of Motion"
954:Walking In A Tap Dancer's Shoes
851:"Home - Irish Dancing Magazine"
392:needs additional citations for
1252:Hill, Constance Valis (2014).
912:The Oxford Dictionary of Dance
1:
1716:American Negro Ballet Company
1530:. Dance Advantage. 2011-07-05
1392:10.1080/23734833.2021.1954852
1085:"HERE'S TO YOU, MR. ROBINSON"
1039:American Tap Dance Foundation
793:10.1080/07303084.2013.773810
216:emerged. What is now called
1647:at Jacob's Pillow, 7/1/2010
1434:"Tap Shoe Guide | Bloch US"
1380:Dance Education in Practice
1062:. Univ of Wisconsin Press.
973:Blume, Julie (2023-03-20).
914:, Oxford University Press,
872:, Oxford University Press,
739:Stepping (African-American)
703:Metal tap on bottom of heel
576:look to tap dancing, while
549:were African American men.
351:, who performed duets with
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715:Metal tap on bottom of toe
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151:African rhythms and styles
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1374:Silao, Nia (2021-07-03).
1338:10.1017/s2753906700003338
1187:Christian Science Monitor
864:Sommer, Sally R. (1998),
349:Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
256:Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
174:Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
308:Dormeshia Sumbry-Edwards
196:Shortly thereafter, the
88:. Rhythm tap focuses on
76:, and a variety of both
1617:The Origin of Tap Dance
1579:Seibert, Brian (2015).
1556:. David McKay Company.
1466:www.abbystandingtap.com
1462:"Anatomy of a tap shoe"
1292:Oxford University Press
1217:DURKIN, HANNAH (2010).
312:Dianne "Lady Di" Walker
2725:African-American dance
1700:African-American dance
1325:Hypatia Reviews Online
1319:Edwards, Mary (2020).
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252:National Tap Dance Day
166:John "Bubbles" Sublett
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545:, Glover, Hines, and
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34:Tap dancing class at
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2619:Dance and disability
1652:Tap dance dictionary
401:improve this article
361:James "Buster" Brown
326:Segregation's impact
276:James "Buster" Brown
72:traditions, such as
2664:Dance on television
1623:All About Tap Dance
1288:Tap Dancing America
568:Early tappers like
373:Tap dance technique
296:Jason Samuels Smith
182:The Whitman Sisters
1512:has generic name (
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320:Tilly and the Wall
272:The Clark Brothers
237:No Maps on My Taps
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36:Iowa State College
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2659:Dance occupations
2596:Wallis and Futuna
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1665:, 1 December 2022
1662:Afropop Worldwide
1363:themovingarts.com
1301:978-0-19-539082-7
1265:978-0-19-022538-4
1087:. The Daily News.
929:978-0-19-956344-9
887:978-0-19-517369-7
547:LaVaughn Robinson
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304:Michelle Dorrance
292:LaVaughn Robinson
203:Nicholas Brothers
198:Nicholas Brothers
66:Southern American
16:(Redirected from
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2694:History of dance
2679:Dance technology
2624:Dance and health
2574:African-American
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520:" tap dancing.
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367:Characteristics
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264:Brenda Bufalino
220:evolved out of
176:, a protégé of
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86:musical theater
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1933:
1928:
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1890:List of dances
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1438:BLOCH Dance US
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1189:. 2001-02-02.
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371:Main article:
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2689:Dancing mania
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2674:Dance science
2672:
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2649:Dance in film
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2634:Dance costume
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2026:Neo-Burlesque
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2019:
2017:
2014:
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1931:open position
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1904:Participation
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1746:Hip-hop dance
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1225:(2): 98–106.
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908:"tap dancing"
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589:
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587:Anything Goes
583:
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566:
564:
563:
558:
557:
552:
551:Savion Glover
548:
544:
540:
539:Savion Glover
536:
535:Gregory Hines
532:
528:
526:
521:
519:
515:
514:improvisation
511:
507:
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471:
468:
460:
449:
446:
442:
439:
435:
432:
428:
425:
421:
418: –
417:
413:
412:Find sources:
406:
402:
396:
395:
390:This section
388:
384:
379:
378:
374:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
340:
338:
333:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:Maurice Hines
285:
281:
280:Savion Glover
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:
243:
242:animated film
239:
238:
233:
231:
227:
226:Arthur Duncan
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
199:
194:
192:
187:
186:Buck and Wing
183:
179:
178:Alice Whitman
175:
170:
167:
163:
158:
156:
155:minstrel show
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
125:
120:
113:
109:
102:
100:
97:
95:
91:
87:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
32:
19:
2684:Dance troupe
2629:Dance awards
2524:Pontic Greek
2231:Dance theory
2221:Choreography
2192:
2133:Contemporary
1812:
1751:Breakdancing
1660:
1644:
1582:
1553:
1532:. Retrieved
1522:
1510:|first=
1491:. Retrieved
1481:
1470:. Retrieved
1468:. 2016-12-28
1465:
1442:. Retrieved
1440:. 2022-04-25
1437:
1416:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1328:
1324:
1287:
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1254:
1247:
1222:
1198:. Retrieved
1186:
1161:. Retrieved
1157:
1129:December 16,
1127:. Retrieved
1121:
1111:
1078:
1058:
1051:
1043:the original
1038:
1029:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:
993:
982:. Retrieved
978:
968:
957:. Retrieved
953:
943:
933:, retrieved
911:
901:
891:, retrieved
869:
859:
845:
831:
817:
787:(4): 29–40.
784:
780:
721:
719:
677:
658:
642:
638:
621:
618:
614:
610:
606:
598:
591:
585:
581:
570:Fred Astaire
567:
560:
554:
531:Steve Condos
529:
524:
522:
517:
503:
463:
457:October 2023
454:
444:
437:
430:
423:
411:
399:Please help
394:verification
391:
341:
329:
300:Chloe Arnold
245:
235:
234:
221:
217:
207:
195:
171:
159:
137:musical and
135:West African
128:
98:
83:
59:
46:
42:
41:
2514:Philippines
2499:Netherlands
2489:Middle East
2041:Table dance
2006:Go go dance
1986:Competitive
1803:Stick dance
1788:Set de flo'
1386:(3): 6–17.
1271:February 2,
1223:IJAS Online
866:"Tap Dance"
749:Irish dance
593:42nd Street
506:syncopation
416:"Tap dance"
332:segregation
260:Sarah Reich
193:franchise.
124:Mexico City
114:tap dancing
112:Jimmy Slyde
96:tradition.
70:Irish dance
2730:Jazz dance
2714:Categories
2581:Uzbekistan
2349:Azerbaijan
2258:Musicality
2226:Connection
2183:Postmodern
2153:Historical
2036:Striptease
2031:Pole dance
1981:Ceremonial
1936:slow dance
1778:Juba dance
1721:Buck dance
1563:0679506152
1534:2013-02-25
1493:2023-11-24
1472:2023-10-31
1444:2023-10-30
1200:2022-11-28
1163:2022-11-29
1008:2022-10-20
984:2024-06-27
959:2024-09-14
935:2023-10-31
893:2023-10-31
755:References
734:Step dance
722:soundboard
578:Gene Kelly
556:Happy Feet
525:rhythm tap
518:a cappella
427:newspapers
345:black-face
337:Musicality
247:Happy Feet
230:Tommy Tune
218:jazz dance
214:jazz dance
162:Vaudeville
139:step dance
90:musicality
62:step dance
55:a cappella
2720:Tap dance
2586:Venezuela
2549:Sri Lanka
2544:Singapore
2504:Nicaragua
2434:Indonesia
2339:Australia
2208:Technique
2106:formation
2021:Lap dance
1813:Tap dance
1793:Slow drag
1783:Lindy Hop
1766:Strutting
1629:Tap dance
1603:898419561
1408:237548320
1400:2373-4833
1347:2753-9067
1231:2009-2377
1195:0882-7729
809:144368244
801:0730-3084
663:Mary Jane
635:Tap shoes
627:Tap shoes
603:Tap Steps
316:Indie-pop
222:tap dance
210:Lindy Hop
51:tap shoes
43:Tap dance
2601:Zimbabwe
2554:Thailand
2479:Malaysia
2464:Kiribati
2374:Cameroon
2369:Cambodia
2359:Bulgaria
2334:Assyrian
2303:national
2298:Regional
2278:Spotting
2273:Sequence
2251:glossary
2198:Two-step
2143:Flamenco
2128:Breaking
2123:Boogaloo
2101:Ballroom
2046:Twerking
2011:Grinding
1996:Ecstatic
1798:Stepping
1761:Boogaloo
1741:Get down
1726:Cakewalk
1502:cite web
1239:26234258
744:Flamenco
728:See also
574:ballroom
357:minstrel
18:Tap shoe
2611:Related
2591:Vietnam
2564:Ukraine
2474:Kurdish
2444:Ireland
2424:Hungary
2414:Georgia
2399:Denmark
2389:Croatia
2354:Belarus
2344:Austria
2329:Armenia
2319:Albania
2283:Turnout
2168:Lyrical
2148:Hip-hop
1991:Concert
1916:Partner
1885:Outline
1771:Popping
1756:Locking
1572:2493445
1105:YouTube
649:Capezio
441:scholar
284:Gregory
103:History
2559:Turkey
2539:Serbia
2534:Russia
2529:Romani
2519:Poland
2484:Mexico
2449:Israel
2419:Greece
2404:Europe
2379:Canada
2314:Africa
2305:dances
2263:Pointe
2236:Graham
2216:Ballet
2173:Modern
2096:Ballet
2083:Styles
2068:Street
2063:Sacred
2001:Erotic
1973:Social
1961:square
1946:contra
1941:circle
1633:Curlie
1601:
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