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National Parks in his report to the
Tasmanian Planning Commission on public representations received on the Draft Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area Management Plan. In the section of the report discussing specialty timber harvesting the Director clearly stated that "The management objectives for conservation areas and regional reserves (s5 and s7, Schedule 1 NPRMA) have included ‘the controlled use of natural resources’, since the NPRMA commenced in 2002 and prior to that they were in the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970" and "The 2014 legislation did not provide anything that was not already implicitly or explicitly provided for in regional reserves and conservation areas."
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and other rainforest species occurs after harvesting on fertile sites if the seedbed is exposed and trees are retained for seed and shelter. One such trial established in the
Tarkine was the Sumac forest harvest trials. Commenced in 1976, this trial was conducted to establish the best silviculture method for regenerating Myrtle dominated forest post harvesting to ensure an ongoing supply of special timbers. Harvesting techniques trialled included; selective harvesting, strip felling, shelterwood, clearfell with cull retention and clearfell.
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445:. He declared that the name applied to the whole north-west region of Tasmania, but this interpretation was rejected by the Cradle Coast Authority, which had requested the official naming. The name does not appear in maps, but in recent decades has featured prominently in the Australian media as a subject of contention between conservationists and mining/logging interests.
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624:. Nowadays the remains of approximately 600 sites of historic mining activity in the area are still evident. The majority of these mining operations were alluvial workings or small hard-rock mines, consisting often of single adits. Larger scale mining has been carried out mainly at Luina, Savage River and Mt Bischoff. Part of the area is contained in the
769:
the 2013 Tasmanian
Wilderness World Heritage Area extension was not repealed under this legislation and remain in place today. Similarly, 198 former forest reserves (approx 200,000ha) whose tenure was changed to Regional Reserve and Conservation Area under Labor's Forest Management (Consequential Amendments) Act 2013 remain in place.
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modelling techniques including LiDAR, a standing volume of special timbers (14.3 million cubic metres) and subsequent annual sustainable yields in perpetuity were developed. Areas assessed included parts of the
Tarkine where underlying land tenure allowed for sustainable harvesting. The subsequent work was publicly released in the
795:"By shifting woodchip production from native forests to plantations, it becomes possible to focus native forest production on low-volume, high-quality products, such as specialty timbers. This would require managing some areas on long intervals between logging operations as well as the planting of suitable species on private land."
707:
Australian
Heritage Council due to re-report on the suitability of takayna/the Tarkine as a National Heritage location by the end of December 2013. Conservation groups declared this an unacceptable delay, and had voiced concerns that this left the Tarkine unprotected from mining while the reassessment took place.
793:
The
Wilderness Society, Australian Conservation Foundation, and 17 others including Tarkine National Coalition and Melbourne Tarkine Action Group labour-intensive boat building, fine furniture and craft-based timber industries use a volume of special species timber which is 18,500m3 p.a.. This initiative stated
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Following the repeal of the TFA Act, Tasmanian Labor acknowledged that the TFA had not provided a workable outcome for the special timbers sector and subsequently provided bi-partisan support for specialty timber harvesting in land tenures where such an activity is permitted. This position is similar
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The campaign to protect the
Tarkine began in the 1960s. A formal conservation proposal was put forward by the then Circular Head Mayor Horace Arnold 'Jim' Lane for the establishment of a 'Norfolk Range National Park'. Lane's proposal was ahead of its time, though his proposal wasn't seen to fruition.
792:
State legislation allows for sustainable specialty timber harvesting within some land tenures within the
Tarkine. These tenures include Regional Reserves, Conservation Areas and FPPF land. It is important to note that mining is also allowed on these tenures. According to a policy initiative of ENGOs
884:
The issue of mining in takayna/the
Tarkine is highly contentious, as conservationists oppose the environmental damage caused by modern mining methods. The Tarkine is highly prospective for economically-important minerals, and proponents argue that current and proposed mines would take up just 1% of
814:
Research into post-harvest forest regeneration systems for rainforest commenced in north-western
Tasmania in 1976 with fourteen rainforest harvesting and regeneration trials being established over the following decade. Subsequent monitoring of these sites has shown that dense regeneration of myrtle
768:
Following a change in Tasmanian state government in 2014, the TFA Act was repealed and the TFA future reserve lands were reclassified as Future Potential Production Forest(FPPF) land under the Forestry (Rebuilding the Forest Industry) Act 2014. The initial tranche of TFA reserves including those in
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The Tarkine contains a variety of reserve tenures including; National park, State Reserve, Regional Reserve, Conservation Area and nature Recreation Areas. Some reserves, such as the Savage River Regional Reserve, provide protection for core wilderness areas, acting as buffers as can be seen in the
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In 2014-17, a study into special timber location, standing volumes and perpetual sustainable yields was carried out. This project commenced under the Tasmanian Forest Agreement process with funding from the former federal Labor government and was completed in October 2017. Utilising best available
754:
Following enactment of the TFA Act 2013 an initial tranche of land was placed in the Tasmanian Reserve System (approx 100,000ha of the 572,000ha sought by the ENGOs) with the remainder sitting as "future reserve land" that could be added to the state's reserve system once key conditions of the TFA
739:. The agreement established a $ 276 million package to transition Tasmania out of native forest logging, while conserving large areas of high conservation value vegetation. Julia Gillard stated that the Agreement would better protect the Tarkine, describing the wilderness area as "very important".
681:, which empowers the region by allowing tourists to experience the southern end of takayna/the Tarkine in an accessible and ecologically friendly way. Game reserves are set aside for conservation purposes and also allow the ecologically sustainable taking of designated game species (i.e. hunting).
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The trial site was successfully regenerated and monitored over decades with the resultant research informing silvicultural prescriptions. In 2015, the World Heritage Committee Reactive Monitoring Mission toured the Sumac trial site with forest ecologists and stated what they had seen was "world's
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quarry, and a large open-cut iron ore mine at Savage River. Both these existing mines are outside of the proposed Tarkine National Park boundary. In addition, 38 exploration licenses are currently held over areas of the Tarkine, and 10 mines have been proposed over the 2012-2017 period. Of these
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In December 2009, the Tarkine was listed as a National Heritage Area following an Emergency National Heritage Listing. The Emergency Listing was in response to a proposed Tarkine Road, which would have coursed through old growth forest and detrimentally affected the natural values of undisturbed
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allowed the emergency listing to lapse in the face of numerous mining proposals in the Tarkine. This was despite recommendations from the Australian Heritage Council to permanently list takayna/the Tarkine. Minister Burke had further extended the period for reassessment of the Tarkine, with the
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On 8 February 2013 Minister Tony Burke announced that he would reject advice from the Australian Heritage Council that 433,000 hectares should be heritage listed and instead apply a National Heritage Listing only to the 21,000 hectares contained in a 2 km wide section along the coastline.
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Tasmania has eight separate public reserve classes with each class having detailed values and purposes for reservation defined in legislation. Just because a parcel of land is placed in the formal reserve system, does not mean that all activities are banned within the area. Some reserves, like
688:
Whilst some in the environment movement claim that Tasmanian legislation was changed in 2014 to allow for special timbers harvesting in Regional Reserves and Conservation Areas, the legislative record does not support this contention. This issue was closely examined in 2015 by the Director of
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Historically, approximately 600 mine tenements have been worked in the Tarkine area, but most of them were small alluvial workings, involving the sifting of gravels from riverbeds. Mining activity in the Tarkine has continued uninterrupted since the 1870s, and two modern industrial mines are
909:
Conservation groups, such as the Tarkine National Coalition and Operation Groundswell, oppose new mines and mining exploration in the Tarkine, and are warning of a campaign to surpass the Franklin River campaign of the 1980s. Alternatively, significant local support for mining has also been
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The Tasmanian reserve management system is one of the most comprehensive and sophisticated in Australia. The Nature Conservation Act 2002 (NCA) and the National Parks and Reserves Management Act 2002 (NPRMA) are the two key pieces of Tasmania legislation that empower reserve management.
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Two classes of reserve - Regional Reserves and Conservation Areas are both reserve classes aimed at conserving biological and geological diversity whilst also allowing for mining and the controlled use of other natural resources including sustainable harvesting of special timbers.
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newspaper "The Greens have always wanted to provide for specialty timbers for craft work, furnishings, the things Tasmania are so famous for and proud of, in an ongoing forestry industry," he said "If the Libs find fault with that, crikey, is there anything they can agree too?"
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where it was debated and referred on to a Select Committee. It was ultimately passed on 30 April 2013. The Hobart Mercury noted that "Despite a raft of controversial amendments from the Upper House, all but one of the Tasmanian Greens MPs supported the Bill in the Lower House"
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in the ore and oxygen that can occur once ore is exposed to atmosphere. Start-up mining company Venture Minerals has proposed three open-cut mines within the existing reserves and moratorium area, with plans to explore over an additional 37 km of potentially ore-bearing
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The areas of Corinna - Long Plains, as well as the Savage, Donaldson and Whyte rivers, were important early goldfields, exploited since the 1870s. Tasmania's two largest gold nuggets, of 7.6 and 4.4 kg, were found near the confluence of the Whyte and Rocky rivers.
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was prominent in both the Mt Bischoff - Waratah area, starting in the 1870s, and the Meredith Range - Stanley River - Wilson River area. The Mt. Bischoff mine in Waratah was in its heyday one of the richest tin deposits in the world. From the 1880s onwards,
580:. Its range of vertebrate fauna include 28 terrestrial mammals, 111 land and freshwater birds, 11 reptiles, 8 frogs and 13 freshwater fish. The Tarkine provides habitat for over 60 rare, threatened and endangered species of flora and fauna.
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The Tarkine area currently contains some lots of FPPF land which may be available for forestry activity after 2020. Sustainable special timber harvesting has been available in FPPF land since October 2017 following the finalisation of the
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Regeneration techniques trialled included; ground scarification, post-harvest burning and for the selective harvest areas no treatment beyond natural canopy openings from felled trees and minor soil disturbance from harvesting equipment.
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Act were met. Thes conditions included meeting guaranteed wood supply, a lack of substantive protest and Forestry Tasmania (now Sustainable Timbers Tasmania) achieving Forest Stewardship Council certification. The Tasmanian EDO provided
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Given that significant areas of special timber forests were included in the 2013 Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area extension, the Tarkine area remains a vital resource for the culturally significant special timbers sector.
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Similar support for sustainable special timber harvesting also was expressed from the Australian and Tasmanian Greens. In his letter to Br Bill Kelty, dated 6 March 2011, former Senators Bob Brown and Christine Milne called
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Only 10% of takayna/the Tarkine area is protected as National Park, with the 180km2 Savage River National Park. which protects the largest contiguous area of cool temperate rainforest surviving in Australia.
1938:
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The Tarkine played a central role in the development of Tasmania's early mining industry, and remains of early mining activity can still be seen in many rivers and creeks in the area that were mined for
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Although ENGOs had previously shown strong support for the special timbers sector, this has now largely been withdrawn due to the conflict between resource location and reservation aspirations.
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which are extremely rare. It also represents Australia's largest remaining single tract of temperate rainforest. It contains approximately 1,800 km² of rainforest, around 400 km² of
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656:. The case for protecting the Tarkine was significantly advanced with the Federal Government's Forestry Package in 2005 adding 70,000 hectares (170,000 acres) to reserves in the Tarkine.
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on the reserve making process under the TFA and clearly stated "there is no guarantee under the TFA Act that any reserves will be created, or what category any reserves may be in."
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were mined at Balfour, and, from the 1890s, the Magnet mine was exploited for silver. It continues to be an significant amateur fossicking area for mineral specimens to this day.
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but more restrictive than Labor's position contained within the TFA Act 2013 where special timber harvesting could occur on any land tenure including inside the TWWHA.
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An explanation of land reserved or proposed to be reserved under the TFA Act 2013 can be seen in former Federal Green's leader, Senator Christine Milne's document here
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evidenced, with over 3500 people attending one pro-development rally, and the mayors of the four affected council areas publicly condemning the environmental groups.
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893:, and similar impacts downstream from historic operations of the Savage River mine and the closed Mt Bischoff mine. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is the leaching of
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From the late 1990s, the area came under increasing national and international scrutiny in a similar vein to the environmental protests surrounding Tasmania's
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The Tarkine is gazetted by the Tasmanian government as unbounded locality in north-west Tasmania The generally accepted definition is the area between the
406:, as well as for its prominence in Tasmania's early mining history. The area's high concentration of Aboriginal sites has led to it being described by the
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was extensively mined in many creeks and rivers in the catchments of the Savage, Haezlewood and Wilson rivers, and particularly the Bald Hill area. Tin,
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the Tarkine. Conservationists argue that this impact is greater when considering transport routes and damage to water catchments. They point to the
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affecting the Whyte River, rendering it orange-stained and devoid of aquatic life for six kilometres, due to the now-closed Cleveland mine at
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It was first officially recognised in May, 2013, following a recommendation by the Nomenclature Board of Tasmania which was accepted by
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1531:"Parks & Wildlife Service - Summary of Draft Savage River National Park and Savage River Regional Reserve Management Plan 2001"
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464:, located near Wynyard, provides interstate flights, and there is sealed road access from the airport into the Tarkine.
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best practice". In 2017, aerial video footage was taken of the key trial site in the Sumac region which can be seen in
992:"Tasmanian Forest Agreement Verification: Advice to Prime Minister and Premier of Tasmania Interim Reserve Boundaries"
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1996:
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Letter from Australian Greens to Mr Bill Kelty, TFA facilitator titled "Forestry Principles Process - March 2011
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The Tarkine contains extensive high-quality wilderness as well as extensive, largely undisturbed tracts of cool
1593:"Tasmanian Forests Intergovernmental Agreement between the Commonwealth of Australia and the State of Tasmania"
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1559:. Australian Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. 8 February 2013.
1509:"NATIONAL PARKS AND RESERVES MANAGEMENT ACT 2002 - SCHEDULE 1 - Objectives for management of reserved land"
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The Tarkine can be entered from several points, with the most common being via Sumac Road from the north,
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802:"for agreed areas to be set aside for sustainable selective logging of high-quality, specialty timbers."
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There are also large sand dune areas extending several kilometres inland. Some of these contain ancient
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Subsequent related state legislation (the Tasmanian Forests Agreement Bill 2013) passed through the
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Richards, Thomas; Sutherland-Richards, Phillipa (1992). "Archaeology". In: Harries, D.N. (editor).
727:. However, the process of securing such a declaration has been complicated by the processes of the
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George Augustus Robinson described his meetings with Tarkiner Aborigines in his 1829-1834 diaries.
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A review of the video "Manifestations" about protests that took place in the Tarkine in 1994/95.
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The name "Tarkine" was coined by the conservation movement and was in use by 1991. It is a
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National Parks and State Reserves, are set aside for conservation as well as ecologically
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Forgotten Wilderness: North-West Tasmania. A Report to the Australian Heritage Commission
1029:. Australian Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities
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Draft Savage River National Park and Savage River Regional Reserve Management Plan 2001.
398:. The Tarkine is noted for its beauty and natural values, containing the largest area of
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Gazetted location of the Tarkine, an unbounded locality in north-west Tasmania
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731:. This legislation was signed on 7 August 2011 by Australian Prime Minister
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communities. Significantly, it has a high diversity of non-vascular plants (
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The area comprises a number of rivers, exposed mountains, globally unique
1291:"Arthur-Pieman Conservation Area | Parks & Wildlife Service Tasmania"
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723:, headed by Scott Jordan, proposed the Tarkine be officially declared a
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1418:"Nic Haygarth: plenty of mining fodder for this Tasmanian historian"
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forest and a mosaic of other vegetation communities, including dry
1820:"Mt Bischoff mine, Waratah, Waratah district, Tasmania, Australia"
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Later in 2011, former Senator Brown also stated in an article in
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pronunciation of one of the Aboriginal tribes who inhabited the
1319:"Tarkine a question of values: mines versus ancient rainforest"
1368:"Verification of the Heritage Value of ENGO-Proposed Reserves"
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plateau in Tasmania to have retained its original vegetation.
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449:
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areas. In December 2010, the incoming Environment Minister
1770:"Report on Mineral Fields between Waratah and Long Plains"
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1660:. The Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources
1638:. The Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources
1497:
http://www.iplan.tas.gov.au/Temp/TrimDownload_774627.PDF
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1124:
1122:
1964:"Devising right plan for Tarkine is a 'balancing act'"
1598:. Australian Government. 7 August 2011. Archived from
1557:"Press Conference - Tarkine National Heritage Listing"
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as "one of the world's great archaeological regions".
1939:"North Pit Underground Operations, Savage River Mine"
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2009:"Council's issue joint response to Tarkine campaign"
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The campaign for a Tarkine National Park continues.
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134:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1701:Forestry (Rebuilding the Forest Industry) Act 2014
1227:"Tarkine officially covers most of NW and West"
1636:"Legislation Passed Through House of Assembly"
1313:
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932:. Land Information System Tasmania (theLIST),
729:Tasmanian Forests Intergovernmental Agreement
8:
2014:. Waratah Wynyard Council. 14 February 2013.
1618:"Gillard signs off on Tasmanian forest deal"
434:in the south, the ocean to the west and the
1711:Protecting Forests Growing Jobs August 2004
1412:
1410:
833:2017 Special Species Timber Management Plan
746:on 23 November 2012 and then passed to the
50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1242:"Calls for Green to admit he got it wrong"
1024:"The Tarkine national heritage assessment"
897:, caused by the chemical reaction between
788:Specialty timber harvesting in the Tarkine
697:Proposed Tarkine National Heritage listing
245:
228:
1043:"Tarkine ecological facts and statistics"
924:
922:
872:currently operating in the area: a small
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212:Learn how and when to remove this message
194:Learn how and when to remove this message
997:. Government of Tasmania. Archived from
877:proposed mines, nine are proposed to be
87:of all important aspects of the article.
1390:"Tarkine World Heritage Values Summary"
1340:Friends of the Earth Australia (1991).
1187:. Hobart: Tasmanian Conservation Trust.
918:
1251:"Tarkine knows no boundaries: Jaensch"
779:Special Species Timber Management Plan
394:, which contains significant areas of
83:Please consider expanding the lead to
1484:"View - Tasmanian Legislation Online"
1470:"View - Tasmanian Legislation Online"
572:) including at least 151 species of
476:of the name "Tarkiner", which is the
7:
1997:"Council takes on Tarkine Coalition"
132:adding citations to reliable sources
1977:Kempton, Helen (18 November 2012).
1658:"Tasmanian Forest Agreement Update"
664:Current land tenure and legislation
630:Tasmania parks and wildlife service
400:Gondwanan cool-temperate rainforest
2030:150 Years of mining in the Tarkine
1420:. Tasmanian Mining. Archived from
719:The environmentalist organisation
14:
1745:"Report on the Corinna Goldfield"
1403:– via The Habitat Advocate.
1375:IVG Forest Conservation Report 5A
1346:. Friends of the Earth Australia.
1265:"Tarkine protest halts iron mine"
1212:"A week in the west: the Tarkine"
626:Arthur – Pieman Conservation Area
500:Natural and archaeological values
31:This article has multiple issues.
1867:"The Mount Balfour Mining Field"
1842:"The Bald Hill Osmiridium Field"
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268:
108:
61:
20:
513:Arthur-Pieman Conservation Area
119:needs additional citations for
75:may be too short to adequately
39:or discuss these issues on the
1979:"Tarkine row at boiling point"
1210:Eliza Wood (27 October 2011).
1197:Siobhan Maiden (13 May 2009).
1160:"The Mount Bischoff Tin Field"
965:. 5 February 2014. p. 155
956:"Survey Co-ordination (21403)"
715:Proposed Tarkine National Park
85:provide an accessible overview
1:
1917:"MAGNET MINE FOSSICKING AREA"
1616:Yard, Annah (7 August 2011).
1132:"The Stanley River Tin Field"
748:Tasmanian Legislative Council
226:Region in Tasmania, Australia
2055:Wilderness areas of Tasmania
1919:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
1897:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
1872:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
1847:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
1800:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
1775:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
1750:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
1573:. Tarkine National Coalition
1444:"Savage River National Park"
1249:Mark Acheson (1 June 2013).
1165:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
1137:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
1107:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
1077:. Mineral Resources Tasmania
963:Tasmanian Government Gazette
382:, is an area containing the
258:in the north of the Tarkine.
1343:Chain Reaction Issues 63-72
744:Tasmanian House of Assembly
636:Early conservation movement
408:Australian Heritage Council
2076:
2028:The Tarkine mining history
1680:"Peace, (im)perfect peace"
1240:Sean Ford (25 June 2013).
721:Tarkine National Coalition
679:Corinna Wilderness Village
677:. One such example is the
384:Savage River National Park
1225:Sean Ford (31 May 2013).
263:
244:
1892:"HISTORY OF MAGNET MINE"
1321:. University of Tasmania
1102:"Osmiridium in Tasmania"
594:systems and the largest
1571:"Tarkine National Park"
1395:. Australian Government
1199:"Where is the Tarkine?"
550:communities, wetlands,
1795:"Diamonds in Tasmania"
934:Government of Tasmania
735:and Tasmanian Premier
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846:Mining in the Tarkine
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494:European colonisation
460:from the north-east.
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380:takayna / the Tarkine
2003:. 19 September 2012.
528:temperate rainforest
522:Tarkine forest, 2007
128:improve this article
2050:North West Tasmania
1450:on 9 September 2014
675:sustainable tourism
654:Daintree Rainforest
484:coastline from the
422:Tarkine land tenure
388:north west Tasmania
319: /
1605:on 4 October 2011.
1072:"Gold in Tasmania"
936:. Search "Tarkine"
887:acid mine drainage
576:and 92 species of
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430:in the North, the
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323:41.417°S 145.133°E
2060:Tasmanian forests
1966:. 4 October 2012.
1511:. .austlii.edu.au
482:western Tasmanian
436:Murchison Highway
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283:takayna / Tarkine
233:takayna / Tarkine
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1946:. Retrieved
1943:EPA Tasmania
1942:
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1921:. Retrieved
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1822:. Mindat.org
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1739:
1731:The Examiner
1730:
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1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1682:. 1 May 2013
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1630:
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1611:
1600:the original
1587:
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1565:
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1539:. Retrieved
1535:the original
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1503:
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1452:. Retrieved
1448:the original
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1422:the original
1397:. Retrieved
1378:. Retrieved
1374:
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1342:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1298:. Retrieved
1294:
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1273:. Retrieved
1268:
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1214:. ABC Rural.
1202:
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1179:
1167:. Retrieved
1139:. Retrieved
1109:. Retrieved
1079:. Retrieved
1047:. Retrieved
1031:. Retrieved
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
999:the original
967:. Retrieved
962:
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938:. Retrieved
908:
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808:The Examiner
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509:Pieman River
490:Pieman River
486:Arthur River
471:
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432:Pieman River
428:Arthur River
425:
379:
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138:
126:Please help
121:verification
118:
93:January 2021
90:
74:
72:lead section
47:
40:
34:
33:Please help
30:
1983:The Mercury
1380:26 February
1269:The Mercury
757:information
544:buttongrass
536:sclerophyll
443:Bryan Green
326: /
301:Coordinates
184:August 2024
2044:Categories
914:References
858:osmiridium
853:Tin mining
825:this video
704:Tony Burke
650:Queensland
622:osmiridium
603:Aboriginal
574:liverworts
566:liverworts
478:anglicised
474:diminutive
396:wilderness
357:West Coast
154:newspapers
36:improve it
1948:27 August
1733:newspaper
1300:27 August
969:3 January
940:8 January
899:sulphides
585:magnesite
552:grassland
468:Etymology
404:Australia
392:Australia
143:"Tarkine"
77:summarize
42:talk page
2001:ABC News
1664:13 April
1642:13 April
1622:ABC News
1577:13 April
1428:19 March
1203:ABC News
1049:19 March
1033:19 March
1008:19 March
866:tungsten
589:dolomite
557:Sphagnum
548:littoral
540:woodland
538:forest,
532:eucalypt
414:Location
238:Tasmania
1541:10 June
1454:10 June
606:middens
570:lichens
492:before
488:to the
458:Wynyard
454:Waratah
450:Corinna
386:in the
376:takayna
368:Tarkine
314:145°8′E
311:41°25′S
168:scholar
1923:16 May
1901:16 May
1876:16 May
1851:16 May
1826:16 May
1804:16 May
1779:16 May
1754:16 May
1399:2 June
1325:17 May
1275:17 May
1169:16 May
1141:16 May
1111:16 May
1081:16 May
904:skarns
874:silica
862:copper
596:basalt
578:mosses
562:mosses
340:LGA(s)
170:
163:
156:
149:
141:
2012:(PDF)
1895:(PDF)
1870:(PDF)
1845:(PDF)
1798:(PDF)
1773:(PDF)
1748:(PDF)
1686:1 May
1603:(PDF)
1596:(PDF)
1515:2 May
1393:(PDF)
1371:(PDF)
1163:(PDF)
1135:(PDF)
1105:(PDF)
1075:(PDF)
1045:. WWF
1027:(PDF)
1002:(PDF)
995:(PDF)
959:(PDF)
891:Luina
252:Ferns
175:JSTOR
161:books
1950:2024
1925:2013
1903:2013
1878:2013
1853:2013
1828:2013
1806:2013
1781:2013
1756:2013
1688:2013
1666:2013
1644:2013
1579:2013
1543:2018
1517:2022
1456:2018
1430:2013
1401:2019
1382:2013
1327:2013
1302:2024
1277:2013
1171:2013
1143:2013
1113:2013
1083:2013
1051:2013
1035:2013
1010:2013
971:2020
942:2016
864:and
648:and
620:and
614:gold
592:cave
587:and
568:and
554:and
366:The
147:news
652:'s
618:tin
511:in
402:in
254:at
130:by
2046::
2006:-
1999:.
1981:.
1941:.
1620:.
1409:^
1387:-
1373:.
1310:^
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172:·
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52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
