135:
910:
4475:
674:
42:
1189:(virtues such as forbearance, modesty, purity, truthfulness, self-restraint, austerity, renunciation), contemplation, endurance in hardship (he lists twenty-two hardships including hunger, thirst, cold, heat, nakedness, injury, lack of gain, illness, praise, disrespect), and with good character towards others (he lists five – equanimity, reinitiation, non-injury (
3023:
3313:
1193:), slight passion and fair conduct), a soul stops karmic accumulations. External austerities such as fasting, reduced diet and isolated habitation, along with internal austerities such as expiation, reverence, service, renunciation and meditation, according to Umaswati, along with respectful service to teachers and ailing ascetics help shed karma.
2393:
2356:
1152:
affects rebirths. He asserts that accumulated karma in life determines the length of life and realm of rebirth for each soul in each of four states – infernal beings, plants and animals, human beings and as gods. Further, states
Umaswati, karma also affects the body, the shape, the characteristics as
1073:
Umaswami categorizes the types of knowledge to be empirical, attained through one's sense of perception. He adds that knowledge is also acquired through literature, clairvoyance, and omniscience. In chapter 2, Umaswati presents sutras on soul. He asserts that soul is distinguished by suppression of
1074:
deluding karma, or elimination of eight types of karmas, or partial presence of destructive karmas, or arising of eight types of new karmas, or those that are innate to the soul, or a combination of these. In chapter 3 through 6, Umaswati presents sutras for his first three categories of truth.
1161:(lower) status. The accumulated and new karma are material particles, states Umaswati, which stick to the soul and these travel with the soul from one life to the next as bondage, where each ripens. Once ripened, the karmic particles fall off, states Umaswati.
1196:
The state of liberation is presented in
Chapter 10 by Umaswati. It is achieved when deluding and obstructive karmas have been destroyed. This leads to the state of quietism and potentiality, and the soul then moves to the end of the universe, states Umaswati.
1467:
means a distilled collection of syllables and words, any form or manual of "aphorism, rule, direction" hanging together like threads with which the "teachings of ritual, philosophy, grammar or any field of knowledge" can be woven.
794:
style of ancient Indian texts, it presents the complete
Jainism philosophy in 350 sutras over 10 chapters. The text has attracted numerous commentaries, translations and interpretations since the 5th-century.
1727:
Thus, there is a vast literature available but it seems that
Tattvartha Sutra of Umasvati can be regarded as the main philosophical text of the religion and is recognized as authoritative by all Jains.
1088:
In chapter 7, Umaswami presents the Jaina vows and explains their value in stopping karmic particle inflow to the soul. The vows, with their respective translations by
Nathmal Tatia, are:
835:
I bow to the Lord, the promulgator of the path to liberation, the destroyer of mountains of karmas and the knower of the whole of reality, so that I may realize these qualities.
1471:
The distilled nature of sutra texts leave them open to varying interpretations. The
Tattvartha sutra have been variously translated. The first verse of
3302:
804:
is the motto of
Jainism. Its meaning is interpreted as "(The function) of souls is to help one another", or "Souls render service to one another".
4454:
2633:
2557:
2515:
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2384:
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1941:
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1554:
917:
The first chapter deals with the process of cognition and details about different types of knowledge. The next three chapters deal with the
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or commentaries in different Indian languages from the fifth century onward. There are over twenty-five commentaries and translations of
4498:
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2570:. Translation of Sukhlalji’s commentary in Hindi. Ahmedabad: Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Institute of Indology. (English translation of the
485:
4513:
3124:
774:– as well as the minor sub-traditions. It is a philosophical text, and its importance in Jainism is comparable with that of the
2724:
4408:
2684:
2218:
4377:
3273:
is accepted by both
Digambara and Śvetāmbara as their texts, although Śvetāmbaras do not include it under canonical texts.
1502:
The text has been translated into many languages including
English and German, latest being English translation in 1993.
4444:
4293:
4159:
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1179:
states how karmic particles can be stopped from attaching to the soul and how these can be shed. Umaswati asserts that
4240:
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1484:(world view), enlightened knowledge and enlightened conduct are the path to liberation" – Translated by Nathmal Tatia
520:
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3426:
4154:
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859:(three jewels: right view, right knowledge and right conduct) collectively constitutes the path to liberation or
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410:
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2704:
239:
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3716:
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800:
782:
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1487:"Right faith, right knowledge and right conduct constitute the path to liberation" – Translated by Vijay Jain
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1716:
1660:
1633:
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1550:
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389:
333:
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3087:
2898:
2169:
M Winternitz (2010 Reprint), A History of Indian
Literature, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass,
1521:
1170:
1139:
1064:
1031:
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958:
939:
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219:
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118:
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2694:
2642:
2457:
2406:
1516:
886:
860:
678:
593:
462:
171:
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1414:
4352:
4250:
4225:
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3926:
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3409:
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3324:
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3239:
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3186:
3155:
2998:
2878:
2857:
927:
527:
513:
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478:
343:
303:
289:
229:
184:
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4230:
3896:
3779:
3191:
3140:
3049:
2719:
2689:
2397:
2360:
2325:
2207:
2130:
1511:
1368:
1218:
776:
471:
373:
338:
144:
1205:
The Tattvartha Sutra is regarded as one of the earliest, most authoritative book on
909:
4313:
4303:
3911:
3822:
3817:
3804:
3754:
3721:
3684:
3387:
3377:
3080:
3054:
2714:
2256:
1117:
648:
378:
348:
209:
179:
134:
1463:, that which sews and holds things together. In the context of Indian literature,
1042:
2505:
2481:
2461:
2438:
2410:
2370:
2315:
2288:
2260:
2189:
Monier Williams, Sanskrit English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Entry for
2151:
1710:
1654:
1627:
1571:
1544:
4342:
3916:
3784:
3615:
3600:
3582:
3562:
3545:
3399:
3332:
3196:
3160:
2734:
2376:
2311:
1284:
638:
534:
420:
368:
284:
224:
4474:
1061:
Complete release of karmic particles leads to liberation from worldly bondage (
673:
4347:
4323:
3984:
3946:
3832:
3699:
3694:
3652:
3513:
3433:
3206:
3176:
2756:
1481:
1384:
1267:
1125:
856:
570:
565:
415:
405:
400:
308:
234:
17:
2606:
4288:
3951:
3906:
3875:
3827:
3812:
3567:
3537:
3360:
3337:
3103:
3031:
2739:
2329:
1402:
1292:
1210:
764:
735:
643:
633:
608:
443:
395:
41:
2602:
Tattvarthasutra, with Hindi and English translation on crossasia repository
1020:
3493:
2347:
4362:
4357:
3870:
3844:
3577:
2842:
2349:
Reality (English Translation of Srimat Pujyapadacharya's Sarvarthasiddhi)
1656:
A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged
1418:
1297:
1259:
1226:
1009:
828:
787:
748:
744:
383:
82:
72:
3711:
3487:
3482:
3453:
3316:
3249:
1247:
1206:
1053:
969:
963:
759:
126:
62:
3312:
3280:
1435:(9th century), form the central texts of Digambara monastic students.
4367:
3865:
3605:
3472:
3438:
2653:
2321:
1190:
1185:
1109:
1028:
Karmic particles bind to the soul {which transmigrate with rebirth} (
945:
762:. It is accepted as authoritative in both its major sub-traditions –
555:
279:
214:
1217:
sects, and its importance in Jainism is comparable with that of the
2087:
2085:
2083:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2012:
2010:
1975:
1973:
4002:
3979:
3448:
2611:
2416:
1653:
Sir Monier Monier-Williams; Ernst Leumann; Carl Cappeller (2002).
1149:
1101:
933:
908:
791:
274:
2396:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2359:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2526:
Pt. Sukhlalji’s Commentary on Tattvārthasūtra of Vācaka Umāsvāti
2262:
Jains in the World : Religious Values and Ideology in India
1153:
well as the status of the soul within the same species, such as
758:
is regarded as one of the earliest, most authoritative texts in
3284:
2615:
2598:
English translation by Vijay K. Jain, 2018 (includes glossary)
2063:
2061:
1990:
1988:
1953:
1951:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
855:), summarizes the Jaina path to liberation. It means that the
1831:
1829:
1546:
Between the Empires : Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE
2546: : With Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda's
1576:, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, pp. 35 with footnote 23,
1804:
1802:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1391:. The next oldest and the most famous commentary on the
2463:
Light from the East: Eastern Wisdom for the Modern West
2185:
2183:
850:
722:, meaning "On the Nature of Reality " (also known as
1692:
1690:
1688:
1573:Śāstrārambha: Inquiries Into the Preamble in Sanskrit
2290:
Free Will, Agency, and Selfhood in Indian Philosophy
4422:
4386:
4269:
4208:
4172:
4102:
4020:
4013:
3965:
3889:
3853:
3803:
3730:
3645:
3591:
3536:
3527:
3351:
3323:
3232:
3215:
3169:
3133:
3096:
3063:
3040:
3030:
2981:
2960:
2897:
2866:
2820:
2749:
2677:
2666:
913:
Chart showing Samyak Darsana as per Tattvarthasutra
104:
96:
88:
78:
68:
58:
53:
34:
2206:
1459:) means "string, thread". The root of the word is
2552:. Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India: Vikalp Printers.
2136:Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A
1017:Karmic particles exist that inflow to each soul (
991:presents seven categories of truth in sutra 1.4:
751:, sometime between the 2nd- and 5th-century CE.
2165:
2163:
1375:Śvetāmbaras believe that Umasvati himself wrote
1477:
833:
819:(Scripture describing the path of liberation).
2139:. Vol. 1. American Philosophical Society.
1209:, and the only text authoritative in both the
1062:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1007:
996:
844:
3296:
2627:
2091:
2052:
2016:
1979:
1847:
1835:
1820:
1757:
1745:
1679:
1549:. Oxford University Press. pp. 395–396.
1538:
1536:
1475:has been translated as follows, for example:
698:
8:
1543:Paul Dundas (2006). Patrick Olivelle (ed.).
961:. The ninth chapter describes the blocking,
931:. The fifth chapter discusses the Non-soul (
2238:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
2072:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
2033:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
1999:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
1962:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
1940:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
1921:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
1902:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
1883:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
1864:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
1774:sfn error: no target: CITEREFUmāsvāti1994 (
4017:
3533:
3303:
3289:
3281:
3037:
2674:
2634:
2620:
2612:
1632:. Oxford University Press. p. xxxix.
1050:Karmic particles can fall away from soul (
852:samyag-darśana-jñāna-cāritrāṇi mokṣamārgaḥ
705:
691:
113:
40:
31:
2437:Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2007),
2213:(1st ed.). New York: Paragon House.
2114:
1808:
943:and their manifestations and the influx,
937:). The next three chapters deal with the
2233:
2125:
2123:
2067:
2028:
1994:
1957:
1935:
1916:
1897:
1878:
1859:
1769:
1039:Karmic particles inflow can be stopped (
2607:Tattvarthsutra (English) on archive.org
1532:
125:
2352:(Second ed.), Jwalamalini Trust,
1613:
846:सम्यग्दर्शनज्ञानचारित्राणि मोक्षमार्ग:
2596:Tattvartha Sutra with Sarvarthasiddhi
2581:. Delhi. (English translation of the
2209:Dictionary of Religion and Philosophy
2103:
1712:The Scientific Foundations of Jainism
1696:
1379:, a commentary on the text. In turn,
7:
2153:Prolegomena to Prakritica et Jainica
1793:
1715:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 103.
876:The Lower World and the Middle World
1626:Hemacandra; R. C. C. Fynes (1998).
25:
2372:Acharya Umasvami's Tattvarthsutra
4473:
3311:
3021:
2528:, trans. K. K. Dixit. Ahmedabad.
2483:Jainism: The World of Conquerors
2391:
2354:
1246:has the largest number of Jaina
1129:(abstinence from possessiveness)
815:is also known in Jainism as the
672:
133:
3225:(commentary on Tattvārthasūtra)
2150:Banerjee, Satya Ranjan (2005).
979:or the liberation of the soul.
4409:List of Digambar Jain ascetics
2412:The Jaina Path of Purification
973:. The final chapter discusses
900:Stoppage and Shedding of Karma
882:The Category of the Non-Living
1:
1422:
1233:Commentaries and translations
1165:Shedding karma and liberation
2510:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1629:The Lives of the Jain Elders
1006:Non-sentient matter exists (
967:and shedding of the karmas,
831:, begins with an invocation:
3494:
1862:, p. xviii-xx, 2-3, 6.
1148:presents his sutras on how
1121:(abstinence from carnality)
1105:(abstinence from falsehood)
1063:
1052:
1041:
1030:
1019:
1008:
997:
851:
514:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
290:Aparigraha (non-possession)
4540:
2205:MacGregor, Geddes (1989).
1275:Haribhadra and Yashobhadra
1168:
1144:Umaswati, in chapter 8 of
1137:
1113:(abstinence from stealing)
1097:(abstinence from violence)
1081:
873:The Category of the Living
500:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
479:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
4499:Ancient Indian literature
4470:
3267:
3019:
2649:
1456:
983:Seven categories of truth
845:
39:
4509:Epistemology of religion
3120:Ratnakaranda śrāvakācāra
2480:Shah, Natubhai (2004) ,
2440:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
1223:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
925:, and celestial abodes,
801:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
783:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
725:Tattvarth-adhigama-sutra
654:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
507:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
297:Anuvratas (further vows)
4514:Metaphysics of religion
4373:Jain terms and concepts
3993:Digambar Jain Mahasabha
2658:considered totally lost
2656:(The Prior Knowledge –
2539:Jain, Vijay K. (2018).
2504:Tatia, Nathmal (1994).
2443:, Infobase Publishing,
2369:Jain, Vijay K. (2011),
2295:Oxford University Press
2267:Oxford University Press
1659:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1417:Devanandi), along with
1264:Vadi-gaja-gandha-hastin
263:Mahavratas (major vows)
2725:Anuttaraupapātikadaśāh
2379:: Vira Sasana Sangha,
1500:
1293:Deva-nandin Pujya-pada
1254:, including those by:
921:(soul), lower worlds,
914:
866:Its ten chapters are:
837:
561:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
472:Samayasāra (Digambara)
285:Brahmacarya (chastity)
4404:List of Jain ascetics
4209:Dynasties and empires
3998:Vishwa Jain Sangathan
3125:Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya
2577:Jaini, J. L. (1956).
2566:Dixit, K. K. (1974).
2115:Jones & Ryan 2007
1709:K. V. Mardia (1990).
1570:Walter Slaje (2008),
1409:(a commentary on the
1285:Yashovijaya Upadhyaya
959:bondage of the karmas
912:
280:Asteya (non-stealing)
270:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
4399:List of Jain temples
3009:Bruhad Shanti Stotra
2989:Uvasaggaharam Stotra
2524:Sanghvi, S. (1974).
2346:Jain, S.A. (1992) ,
1405:(sixth century CE).
1381:Svopajña Bhāṣya Ṭīkā
1268:Siddha-sena Divakara
1183:(curbing activity),
955:shubha-ashubha karma
879:The Celestial Beings
827:The text written in
439:Schools and Branches
4480:Religion portal
4414:Topics List (index)
3705:Mahamastakabhisheka
2782:Jambūdvīpaprajñapti
2488:Motilal Banarsidass
2421:Motilal Banarsidass
2407:Jaini, Padmanabh S.
2320:(Second ed.),
2283:Dasti, Matthew R.;
2117:, pp. 439–440.
2070:, pp. 250–263.
2031:, pp. 213–248.
1997:, pp. 200–203.
1960:, pp. 195–199.
1938:, pp. 169–170.
1383:is a commentary by
870:Faith and Knowledge
839:The first verse of
798:One of its sutras,
790:. In an aphoristic
679:Religion portal
369:The 24 Tirthankaras
27:Jain religious text
4378:Sexual differences
2973:Anuyogadvāra-sūtra
2542:Ācārya Umāsvāmī's
2094:, p. 146-151.
2092:Vijay K. Jain 2011
2055:, p. 126-145.
2053:Vijay K. Jain 2011
2019:, p. 121-124.
2017:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1982:, p. 118-119.
1980:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1848:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1836:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1821:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1758:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1746:Natubhai Shah 2004
1680:Vijay K. Jain 2011
1597:"Tattvārtha Sūtra"
1431:and Vijayananda's
1134:Karma and rebirths
915:
486:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
92:2nd to 5th century
4486:
4485:
4168:
4167:
3947:Hampa Nagarajaiah
3840:Auspicious dreams
3768:Bhaktamara Stotra
3641:
3640:
3278:
3277:
3263:
3262:
3245:Bhaktamara Stotra
3017:
3016:
2994:Bhaktamara Stotra
2912:Āturapratyākhyanā
2730:Prasnavyakaranani
2710:Jnatrdharmakathah
2700:Samavayanga Sutra
2559:978-81-932726-2-6
2517:978-0-06-068985-8
2473:978-1-933316-22-2
2386:978-81-903639-2-1
2304:978-0-19-992274-1
1919:, pp. 7–168.
1900:, pp. 33–62.
1881:, pp. 12–15.
1722:978-81-208-0658-0
1666:978-81-208-3105-6
1639:978-0-19-283227-6
1583:978-3-447-05645-8
1556:978-0-19-977507-1
1480:"The enlightened
1260:Uma-svati Vachaka
1084:Ethics in Jainism
715:
714:
334:Micchami Dukkadam
329:Bhaktamara Stotra
258:Ethics of Jainism
112:
111:
16:(Redirected from
4531:
4478:
4477:
4440:Monks & nuns
4337:Statue of Ahimsa
4294:Pañca-Parameṣṭhi
4018:
3932:Champat Rai Jain
3775:Tattvartha Sutra
3534:
3497:
3315:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3282:
3271:Tattvartha Sutra
3182:Pancastikayasara
3114:Tattvartha Sutra
3088:Harivamsa Purana
3064:Pratham -ānuyoga
3038:
3025:
3004:Ratnakar Pachisi
2947:Mahāpratyākhyanā
2927:Tandulavaicarika
2899:Prakīrnaka sūtra
2705:Vyākhyāprajñapti
2675:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2583:Tattvārtha Sūtra
2579:Tattvārthasūtram
2572:Tattvārtha Sūtra
2563:
2521:
2500:
2476:
2466:, World Wisdom,
2458:Oldmeadow, Harry
2453:
2433:
2402:
2395:
2394:
2375:(1st ed.),
2365:
2358:
2357:
2342:
2307:
2285:Bryant, Edwin F.
2279:
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2014:
2005:
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1992:
1983:
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1797:
1796:, p. 16-17.
1791:
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1601:encyclopedia.com
1593:
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1540:
1522:Tattva (Jainism)
1498:
1495:Tattvartha Sutra
1473:Tattvartha Sutra
1458:
1427:
1424:
1411:Tattvartha Sutra
1272:Siddha-sena Gani
1252:Tattvartha Sutra
1244:Tattvartha Sutra
1177:Tattvartha Sutra
1171:Moksha (Jainism)
1146:Tattvartha Sutra
1140:Karma in Jainism
1068:
1057:
1046:
1035:
1024:
1013:
1002:
989:Tattvartha Sutra
987:The theology in
897:Bondage of Karma
854:
848:
847:
813:Tattvartha Sutra
734:) is an ancient
707:
700:
693:
677:
676:
614:Shravanabelagola
521:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
493:Tattvartha Sutra
137:
114:
47:Tattvartha sutra
44:
35:Tattvartha Sutra
32:
21:
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4382:
4331:Panch Kalyanaka
4265:
4204:
4200:Non-creationism
4164:
4098:
4009:
3961:
3942:Jeffery D. Long
3937:Padmanabh Jaini
3922:Virchand Gandhi
3902:Colette Caillat
3885:
3849:
3799:
3726:
3637:
3587:
3523:
3410:Heavenly beings
3347:
3319:
3309:
3279:
3274:
3259:
3228:
3223:Sarvārthasiddhi
3211:
3165:
3151:Jayadhavalātikā
3129:
3092:
3059:
3026:
3013:
2977:
2956:
2893:
2862:
2816:
2797:Kalpāvatamsikāh
2787:Candraprajñapti
2767:Jīvājīvābhigama
2745:
2695:Sthananga Sutra
2671:Canonical Texts
2670:
2662:
2645:
2643:Jain literature
2640:
2592:
2568:Tattvārthasūtra
2560:
2548:Sarvārthasiddhi
2544:Tattvārthasūtra
2538:
2535:
2533:Further reading
2518:
2503:
2498:
2486:, vol. I,
2479:
2474:
2456:
2451:
2436:
2431:
2405:
2392:
2387:
2368:
2355:
2345:
2340:
2310:
2305:
2287:, eds. (2014),
2282:
2277:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2237:
2236:, pp. 5–6.
2232:
2228:
2221:
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1517:Jain literature
1508:
1499:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1447:form. The word
1443:The text is in
1441:
1425:
1407:Sarvārthasiddhi
1398:Sarvārthasiddhi
1393:Tattvārthasūtra
1389:Svopajña Bhāṣya
1377:Svopajña Bhāṣya
1373:
1359:Rajendra Maulin
1329:Divakara-bhatta
1323:Bhaskara-nandin
1320:Jayanta Pandita
1240:
1235:
1203:
1173:
1167:
1142:
1136:
1086:
1080:
985:
949:, good and bad
825:
810:
756:Tattvārthasūtra
719:Tattvārthasūtra
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663:
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463:Jain literature
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4155:Southeast Asia
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4147:
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4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
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4106:
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3989:Organisations
3987:
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3957:Jinendra Varni
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3927:Hermann Jacobi
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
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3861:Digambara monk
3857:
3855:
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3795:Uttaradhyayana
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3763:Namokar Mantra
3757:
3752:
3750:Shatkhandagama
3747:
3745:Pravachanasara
3742:
3736:
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3556:Kashtha Sangha
3553:
3551:Balatkara Gana
3542:
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3395:Jain cosmology
3392:
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3370:
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3368:
3357:
3355:
3349:
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3317:Jainism topics
3310:
3308:
3307:
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3293:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
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3255:Namokar Mantra
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:Siribhoovalaya
3236:
3234:
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3229:
3227:
3226:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3202:Dravyasamgraha
3199:
3194:
3189:
3187:Pravachanasara
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3156:Tiloya Panatti
3153:
3148:
3146:Sūryaprajñapti
3143:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3106:
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3018:
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3011:
3006:
3001:
2999:Namokar Mantra
2996:
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2932:Candravedhyāka
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2903:
2901:
2895:
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2892:
2891:
2889:Pindaniryukyti
2886:
2881:
2879:Uttaradhyayana
2876:
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2799:
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2779:
2777:Sūryaprajñapti
2774:
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2751:
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2744:
2743:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2685:Ācārāṅga Sūtra
2681:
2679:
2672:
2664:
2663:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2616:
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2609:
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2599:
2591:
2590:External links
2588:
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2534:
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2529:
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2516:
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2460:, ed. (2007),
2454:
2450:978-0816054589
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2175:978-8120802643
2159:
2156:. p. 151.
2142:
2133:, ed. (1970).
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2006:
1984:
1969:
1947:
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1909:
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1852:
1840:
1825:
1813:
1809:S.A. Jain 1992
1798:
1781:
1772:, p. 131.
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1341:Shubha-chandra
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1289:Samanta-bhadra
1287:
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1278:Nagara Vachaka
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841:Tattvārthsūtra
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817:Moksha-shastra
809:
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731:Moksha-shastra
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10:
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4394:List of Jains
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4320:
4319:Jain calendar
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4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4160:United States
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4094:Uttar Pradesh
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3958:
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3935:
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3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3897:Nalini Balbir
3895:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
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3808:
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3713:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Vegetarianism
3673:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3644:
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3614:
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3474:
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3460:
3457:
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3450:
3447:
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3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
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3393:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3376:
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3371:
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3364:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3306:
3301:
3299:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3272:
3266:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Satkhandagama
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2937:Devendrastava
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2917:Bhaktaparijñā
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Daśavaikālika
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
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2800:
2798:
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2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:Upanga āgamas
2748:
2742:(now extinct)
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:Antakrddaasah
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Sutrakritanga
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2632:
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2623:
2618:
2617:
2614:
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2605:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2507:That Which Is
2502:
2499:
2497:81-208-1938-1
2493:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2430:81-208-1578-5
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:public domain
2388:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2361:public domain
2351:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:0-415-26605-X
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2276:0-19-513234-3
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2257:Cort, John E.
2254:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2235:
2234:Umāsvāti 1994
2230:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2131:David Pingree
2126:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2068:Umāsvāti 1994
2064:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2029:Umāsvāti 1994
2025:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1995:Umāsvāti 1994
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1958:Umāsvāti 1994
1954:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1936:Umāsvāti 1994
1932:
1929:
1924:
1918:
1917:Umāsvāti 1994
1913:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1898:Umāsvāti 1994
1894:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1879:Umāsvāti 1994
1875:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1860:Umāsvāti 1994
1856:
1853:
1850:, p. xi.
1849:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1770:Umāsvāti 1994
1766:
1763:
1760:, p. 72.
1759:
1754:
1751:
1748:, p. 48.
1747:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1702:
1699:, p. 82.
1698:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1682:, p. vi.
1681:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1622:
1619:
1616:, p. 86.
1615:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1483:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1433:Slokavarttika
1430:
1426: 780 CE
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:Yogindra-deva
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1314:Shruta-sagara
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:Brahma Sutras
1216:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1175:Chapter 9 of
1172:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:Souls exist (
994:
993:
992:
990:
982:
980:
978:
977:
972:
971:
966:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:
942:
941:
936:
935:
930:
929:
924:
920:
911:
905:
902:
899:
896:
894:
890:
888:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
867:
864:
862:
858:
853:
842:
836:
832:
830:
822:
820:
818:
814:
807:
805:
803:
802:
796:
793:
789:
785:
784:
779:
778:
777:Brahma Sutras
773:
772:
767:
766:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
743:
742:
737:
733:
732:
727:
726:
721:
720:
708:
703:
701:
696:
694:
689:
688:
686:
685:
680:
675:
670:
669:
668:
667:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
623:
622:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
580:
579:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
545:
544:
537:
536:
532:
530:
529:
525:
523:
522:
518:
516:
515:
511:
509:
508:
504:
502:
501:
497:
495:
494:
490:
488:
487:
483:
481:
480:
476:
474:
473:
469:
468:
464:
458:
457:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
440:
430:
429:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
411:Samantabhadra
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
391:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
362:Major figures
358:
357:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
339:Navkar Mantra
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
326:
318:
317:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
298:
295:
294:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
275:Satya (truth)
273:
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
260:
259:
249:
248:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
173:
167:
166:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
141:
140:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4335:
4314:Samavasarana
4304:Śalākāpuruṣa
3912:John E. Cort
3823:Ashtamangala
3818:Siddhachakra
3774:
3755:Kasayapahuda
3722:Pratikramana
3630:Sthānakavāsī
3388:Anekāntavāda
3384:Jaina logic
3378:Kevala Jñāna
3373:Epistemology
3270:
3170:Dravyānuyoga
3113:
3109:Trivarnācāra
3081:Uttarapurana
3055:Kasayapahuda
2807:Puṣpacūlikāh
2762:Rājapraśnīya
2715:Upasakadasah
2657:
2651:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2567:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2525:
2506:
2482:
2462:
2439:
2411:
2390:
2371:
2353:
2348:
2316:
2312:Dundas, Paul
2289:
2261:
2229:
2208:
2200:
2191:
2152:
2145:
2135:
2110:
2104:Jaini, p. 81
2099:
2024:
1931:
1912:
1893:
1874:
1855:
1843:
1838:, p. 2.
1823:, p. 1.
1816:
1765:
1753:
1726:
1711:
1704:
1675:
1655:
1648:
1628:
1621:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1572:
1565:
1545:
1501:
1494:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1439:Translations
1432:
1428:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1385:Siddhasenaga
1380:
1376:
1374:
1356:Kanaka-kirti
1338:Lakshmi-deva
1335:Vibudha-sena
1332:Magha-nandin
1326:Kamala-kirti
1317:Bala-chandra
1305:Vidya-nandin
1251:
1243:
1241:
1238:Commentaries
1204:
1195:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1124:
1118:brahmacharya
1116:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1087:
1072:
988:
986:
974:
968:
962:
954:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
922:
916:
865:
840:
838:
834:
826:
816:
812:
811:
799:
797:
781:
775:
769:
763:
755:
753:
739:
730:
729:
724:
723:
718:
717:
716:
649:Jain symbols
533:
526:
519:
512:
505:
498:
492:
491:
484:
477:
470:
388:
349:Jai Jinendra
322:Jain prayers
296:
262:
210:Kevala Jnana
180:Anekantavada
46:
29:
4524:Jain ethics
4256:Rashtrakuta
4173:Jainism and
4072:Maharashtra
4030:Bundelkhand
3917:Paul Dundas
3790:Kalpa Sūtra
3785:Aptamimamsa
3670:Monasticism
3601:Murtipujaka
3583:Kanji Panth
3563:Taran Panth
3546:Mula Sangha
3400:Siddhashila
3333:Tirthankara
3197:Aptamimamsa
3161:Lokavibhaga
3134:Karnánuyoga
3097:Carnānuyoga
2968:Nandī-sūtra
2961:Cūlikasūtra
2907:Catuhśarana
2858:Kalpa Sūtra
2848:Mahāniśītha
2812:Vrasnidaśāh
2792:Nirayārvalī
2735:Vipakasutra
2377:Uttarakhand
2195:, page 1241
2177:, pages 249
1614:Dundas 2002
1429:Rajavartika
1413:written by
1365:Ratna-simha
1353:Padma-kirti
1281:Malaya-giri
1157:(upper) or
738:written by
659:Topics list
584:Pilgrimages
535:Valayapathi
434:Major sects
421:Yashovijaya
225:Brahmacarya
54:Information
4519:Jain texts
4493:Categories
4435:Literature
4324:Samvatsari
4089:Tamil Nadu
4014:Jainism in
3833:Nandavarta
3780:Samayasāra
3732:Literature
3700:Kshamavani
3695:Paryushana
3658:Meditation
3653:Sallekhana
3593:Śvetāmbara
3514:Ratnatraya
3434:Gunasthana
3353:Philosophy
3216:Commentary
3207:Jnanarnava
3192:Samayasāra
3177:Niyamasara
3141:Gommatsāra
3076:Ādi purāṇa
3071:Mahapurana
2922:Samstāraka
2833:Brhatkalpa
2828:Ācāradaśāh
2821:Chedasūtra
2772:Prajñāpana
2757:Aupapatika
2668:Śvetāmbara
2250:References
2220:1557780196
1697:Jaini 1998
1512:Samayasāra
1493:Umaswati,
1401:of Ācārya
1387:ṇi on the
1350:Ravi-nanda
1302:Padmanabha
1215:Śvētāmbara
1201:Importance
1126:aparigraha
904:Liberation
885:Influx of
857:Ratnatraya
771:Śvētāmbara
571:Samvatsari
566:Paryushana
449:Śvetāmbara
416:Haribhadra
406:Siddhasena
401:Kundakunda
309:Sallekhana
235:Gunasthana
230:Aparigraha
172:Philosophy
4353:Sculpture
4289:Ekendriya
4150:Singapore
4135:Hong Kong
4115:Australia
4084:Rajasthan
4055:Karnataka
3967:Community
3952:Bal Patil
3907:Chandabai
3876:Pattavali
3828:Shrivatsa
3813:Jain flag
3690:Festivals
3646:Practices
3634:Terapanth
3621:Tristutik
3611:Kharatara
3573:Terapanth
3568:Bispanthi
3538:Digambara
3361:Five Vows
3338:Ganadhara
3104:Mulachara
3032:Digambara
2952:Vīrastava
2942:Ganividyā
2867:Mūlasūtra
2853:Jītakalpa
2838:Vyavahāra
2740:Drstivada
2652:Fourteen
2409:(1998) ,
2330:Routledge
2317:The Jains
2314:(2002) ,
1794:Cort 2001
1415:Pūjyapāda
1403:Pujyapada
1347:Devi-dasa
1308:Yoga-deva
1211:Digambara
893:Five Vows
765:Digambara
736:Jain text
644:Jain flag
634:Ekendriya
609:Shikharji
549:Festivals
444:Digambara
396:Ganadhara
185:Cosmology
4445:Scholars
4423:Navboxes
4282:Timeline
4231:Ikshvaku
4216:Chalukya
4185:Hinduism
4180:Buddhism
4145:Pakistan
4103:Overseas
3890:Scholars
3871:Kshullak
3854:Ascetics
3845:Swastika
3663:Sāmāyika
3578:Yapaniya
3529:Branches
2884:Āvaśyaka
2843:Nishitha
2802:Puṣpikāh
2678:Angāgama
2326:New York
2259:(2001),
1506:See also
1491:—
1453:Sanskrit
1419:Akalanka
1362:Sivakoti
1298:Akalanka
1248:bhashyas
1227:Hinduism
957:and the
829:Sanskrit
788:Hinduism
749:Sanskrit
745:Umaswami
599:Palitana
384:Mahavira
374:Rishabha
304:Sāmāyika
155:Timeline
119:a series
117:Part of
97:Chapters
83:Sanskrit
79:Language
73:Umaswami
59:Religion
4504:Atomism
4455:America
4450:Temples
4299:Pratima
4277:History
4270:Related
4261:Santara
4241:Kalinga
4236:Kadamba
4226:Hoysala
4195:Sikhism
4120:Belgium
4050:Haryana
4045:Gujarat
3975:Śrāvaka
3881:Acharya
3805:Symbols
3759:Mantra
3712:Upadhan
3685:Rituals
3680:Fasting
3519:Kashaya
3509:Saṃsāra
3488:Nirjara
3483:Samvara
3454:Pudgala
3343:Arihant
3250:Jinvani
1482:darsana
1207:Jainism
1054:Nirjara
1043:Saṃvara
970:nirjara
964:samvara
823:Content
760:Jainism
741:Acharya
639:Temples
390:Arihant
240:Saṃsāra
150:History
127:Jainism
63:Jainism
4460:Bengal
4368:Nigoda
4343:Temple
4309:Tirtha
4251:Pandya
4246:Maurya
4130:Europe
4125:Canada
4110:Africa
4077:Mumbai
4067:Kerala
3866:Aryika
3606:Gaccha
3478:Bandha
3473:Asrava
3468:Tattva
3459:Dharma
3439:Dravya
3427:Causes
3405:Naraka
3366:Ahimsa
3233:Others
3042:Agamas
2982:Others
2654:Purvas
2556:
2514:
2494:
2470:
2447:
2427:
2383:
2336:
2322:London
2301:
2273:
2217:
2173:
1719:
1663:
1636:
1580:
1553:
1191:Ahimsa
1186:dharma
1159:Nicchi
1110:asteya
1102:anirta
1094:ahimsa
1078:Ethics
1065:Moksha
1032:Bandha
1021:Āsrava
976:moksha
946:asrava
940:karmas
923:naraka
861:moksha
604:Girnar
556:Diwali
379:Pārśva
253:Ethics
220:Tattva
215:Dravya
200:Dharma
190:Ahimsa
105:Sutras
89:Period
69:Author
4387:Lists
4348:Stupa
4221:Ganga
4190:Islam
4140:Japan
4060:North
4035:Delhi
4022:India
4003:JAINA
3985:Tamil
3980:Sarak
3740:Agama
3717:Tapas
3504:Death
3495:Mokṣa
3449:Ajiva
3422:Types
3417:Karma
3034:Texts
2417:Delhi
2192:Sutra
1528:Notes
1465:Sutra
1457:सूत्र
1449:Sutra
1445:sutra
1181:gupti
1155:Ucchi
1150:karma
1010:Ajīva
951:karma
934:ajīva
928:devas
887:Karma
808:Names
792:sutra
627:Other
589:Tirth
205:Mokṣa
195:Karma
160:Index
145:Jains
4430:Gods
3616:Tapa
3444:Jīva
3325:Gods
2554:ISBN
2512:ISBN
2492:ISBN
2468:ISBN
2445:ISBN
2425:ISBN
2381:ISBN
2334:ISBN
2324:and
2299:ISBN
2271:ISBN
2240:help
2215:ISBN
2171:ISBN
2074:help
2035:help
2001:help
1964:help
1942:help
1923:help
1904:help
1885:help
1866:help
1776:help
1717:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1634:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1551:ISBN
1242:The
1221:and
1213:and
999:Jīva
919:Jīva
891:The
780:and
768:and
754:The
4363:Law
4358:Art
4040:Goa
1497:1.1
1461:siv
1421:'s
1395:is
1225:in
849:" (
843:, "
786:in
747:in
728:or
594:Abu
108:350
4495::
3269:†
2490:,
2423:,
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2415:,
2389:,
2332:,
2328::
2297:,
2293:,
2269:,
2265:,
2182:^
2162:^
2122:^
2082:^
2060:^
2043:^
2009:^
1987:^
1972:^
1950:^
1828:^
1801:^
1784:^
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1687:^
1599:.
1535:^
1455::
1423:c.
1229:.
953:,
863:.
121:on
100:10
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