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audience. For example, if bank workers don't properly post deposits, a technical communicator would review existing instructional material (or lack thereof), interview bank workers to identify conceptual errors, interview subject matter experts to learn the correct procedures, author new material that instructs workers in the correct procedures, and test the new material on the bank workers.
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writer), who edits, formats, and sometimes elaborates the document in order to make the marketing professional's expert assessment usable to the sales manager. The process is not one of knowledge transfer, but the accommodation of knowledge across fields of expertise and contexts of use. This is the basic definition of technical communication.
244:, or UX, as "Every aspect of the user's interaction with a product, service, or company that make up the user's perception of the whole." Therefore, "user experience design as a discipline is concerned with all the elements that together make up that interface, including layout, visual design, text, brand, sound, and interaction."
443:
Once the initial draft is laid out, editing and revising can be done to fine-tune the draft into a final copy. Usability testing can be helpful to evaluate how well the writing and/or design meets the needs of end-users and to suggest improvements Four tasks transform the early draft into its final
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Similarly, a sales manager who wonders which of two sites is better for a new store might ask a marketing professional to study the sites and write a report with recommendations. The marketing professional hands the report off to a technical communicator (in this case, a technical editor or technical
247:
It is now an expectation that technical communication skills should be coupled with UX design. As
Verhulsdonck, Howard, and Tham state "...it is not enough to write good content. According to industry expectations, next to writing good content, it is now also crucial to design good experiences around
340:
Audience type affects many aspects of communication, from word selection and graphics use to style and organization. Most often, to address a particular audience, a technical communicator must consider what qualities make a text useful (capable of supporting a meaningful task) and usable (capable of
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Technical communicators must collect all information that each document requires. They may collect information through primary (first-hand) research—or secondary research, using information from existing work by other authors. Technical communicators must acknowledge all sources they use to produce
268:
To begin the documentation process, technical communicators identify the audience and their information needs. The technical communicator researches and structures the content into a framework that can guide detailed development. As the body of information comes together, the technical communicator
418:
After the outline is complete, the writer begins the first draft, following the outline's structure. Setting aside blocks of an hour or more, in a place free of distractions, helps the writer maintain a flow. Most writers prefer to wait until the draft is complete before any revising so they don't
332:
All technical communication serves a particular purpose—typically to communicate ideas and concepts to an audience, or instruct an audience in a particular task. Technical communication professionals use various techniques to understand the audience and, when possible, test content on the target
251:
As Redish explains, TPC no longer writes content but "writes around the interface" itself as the user experience surrounding content is developed. This includes usable content customized to specific user needs, that addresses user emotions, feelings, and thoughts across different channels in a UX
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onclusion) format can be used when writing a first draft of some document types. The abstract describes the subject so that the reader knows what the document covers. The body is the majority of the document and covers topics in depth. Lastly, the conclusion section restates the document's main
89:
as their primary role; for some others, the role is inherently part of their technical position (e.g., engineers). In either case, these individuals utilize appropriate skills to research, document, and present technical information as needed. Technical communicators may use modalities including
264:
Technical communication is a task performed by specialized employees or consultants. For example, a professional writer may work with a company to produce a user manual. Some companies give considerable technical communication responsibility to other technical professionals—such as programmers,
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Good style makes writing more interesting, appealing, and readable. In general, the personal writing style of the writer is not evident in technical writing. Modern technical writing style relies on attributes that contribute to clarity: headings, lists, graphics; generous white space, short
371:
Technical communication, in the government, is particular and detailed. Depending on the segment of government (and country), the government component must follow distinct specifications. Information changes continuously and technical communications (technical manuals, interactive electronic
84:
Technical communication is used to convey scientific, engineering, or other technical information. Individuals in a variety of contexts and with varied professional credentials engage in technical communication. Some individuals are designated as technical communicators or
255:
Lauer and
Brumberger further assert, "…UX is a natural extension of the work that technical communicators already do, especially in the modern technological context of responsive design, in which content is deployed across a wide range of interfaces and environments."
273:, has been a central focus of writing theory since the 1970s, and some contemporary textbook authors apply it to technical communication. Technical communication is important to most professions, as a way to contain and organize information and maintain accuracy.
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Much like technology and the world economy, technical communication as a profession has evolved over the last half-century. In a nutshell, technical communicators take the physiological research of a project and apply it to the communication process itself.
476:. These guides may relate to a specific project, product, company, or brand. They ensure that technical writing reflects formatting, punctuation, and general stylistic standards that the audience expects. In the United States, many consider the
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Before writing the initial draft, the technical communicator organizes ideas in a way that makes the document flow well. Once each idea is organized, the writer organizes the document as a whole—accomplishing this task in various ways:
341:
being used in service of that task). A non-technical audience might misunderstand or not even read a document that is heavy with jargon—while a technical audience might crave detail critical to their work such as
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defines the field as any form of communication that focuses on technical or specialized topics, communicates specifically by using technology, or provides instructions on how to do something. More succinctly, the
106:
briefly defines technical communication as "the process of defining, creating and delivering information products for the safe, efficient and effective use of products (technical systems, software, services)".
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Technical communicators generally tailor information to a specific audience, which may be subject matter experts, consumers, end-users, etc. Technical communicators often work collaboratively to create
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topics. The ABC format can also apply to individual paragraphs—beginning with a topic sentence that states the paragraph's topic, followed by the topic, and finally, a concluding sentence.
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After organizing the whole document, the writer typically creates a final outline that shows the document's structure. Outlines make the writing process easier and save the author time.
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In this step, the writer revises the draft to elaborate on topics that need more attention, shorten other sections—and relocate certain paragraphs, sentences, or entire topics.
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Malone, E. A. (December 2007). "Historical
Studies of Technical Communication in the United States and England: A Fifteen-Year Retrospection and Guide to Resources".
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Technical communicators may need to translate, globalize, or localize their documents to meet the needs of audiences in different linguistic and cultural markets.
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730:"Investigating the Impact of Design Thinking, Content Strategy, and Artificial Intelligence: A "Streams" Approach for Technical Communication and User Experience"
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parts of an object: Used for documents that describe the parts of an object, such as a graphic showing the parts of a computer (keyboard, monitor, mouse, etc.);
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that content." Technical communicators must now consider different platforms such as social media and apps, as well as different channels like web and mobile.
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Whatever the definition of technical communication, the overarching goal of the practice is to create easily accessible information for a specific audience.
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adapts existing technical content to fit the "cultural, rhetorical, educational, ethical, legal" expectations of users in a specific local context.
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Historically, Technical & Professional
Communication (TPC) has been as an industry that practices writing and communication. However, recently
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engineers, and scientists. Often, a professional technical writer edits such work to bring it up to modern technical communication standards.
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345:. Busy audiences often don't have time to read entire documents, so content must be organized for ease of searching—for example by frequent
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the bible for general technical communication. Other style guides have their adherents, particularly for specific industries—such as the
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chronological: used for documents that involve a linear process, such as a step-by-step guide that describes how to accomplish something;
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break their flow. Typically, the writer should start with the easiest section, and write the summary only after the body is drafted.
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their work. To this end, technical communicators typically distinguish quotations, paraphrases, and summaries when taking notes.
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involves producing technical content that meets the needs of "as many audiences as possible," ideally an international audience.
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ensures that the intended audience can understand the content and retrieve the information they need. This process, known as the
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involving technical material. When technical communication occurs in workplace settings, it's considered a major branch of
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UX Writing - A New Role for
Technical Communicators? The MasterClass in TechComm for Society for Technical Communications
214:. Other jobs available to technical communicators include digital strategist, marketing specialist, and content manager.
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Lauer, Claire; Brumberger, Eva (2016). "Technical
Communication as User Experience in a Broadening Industry Landscape".
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domains can be of any kind, including the soft and hard sciences, high technology including computers and software, and
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has become more prominent in TPC as companies look to develop content for a wide range of audiences and experiences.
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https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ux-writing-a-new-role-for-technical-communicators/id1534090690?i=1000493180560
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defines technical communication as factual communication, usually about products and services. The
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specific to general: starts with many ideas, then organizes the ideas into sub-categories;
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at the Tekom Europe official website. Last updated
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published a competence framework for the professional field of technical communication.
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Technical writing as a discipline usually requires that a technical writer use a
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Kimball, Miles A. (April 2016). "The Golden Age of
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general to specific: starts with a few categories of ideas, then goes deeper.
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paper documents, digital files, audio and video media, and live delivery.
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Verhulsdonck, Gustav; Howard, Tharon; Tham, Jason (21 September 2021).
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357:. Other requirements vary according to a particular audience's needs.
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technical manuals, technical bulletins, etc.) must be updated.
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Baxter, Kathy; Courage, Catherine; Caine, Kelly (2015),
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at the STC official website. Accessed 28 February 2018.
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contexts (academic or industrial), it can overlap with
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The User Experience Professionals Association defines
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159:. Technical communicators often work with a range of
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Technical communication jobs include the following:
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Institute of Scientific and Technical Communicators
57:, though importantly it often requires aspects of
859:Batova, Tatiana; Clark, Dave (9 December 2014).
641:Competence Framework for Technical Communication
598:Thinking of a career in technical communication?
219:European Association for Technical Communication
104:European Association for Technical Communication
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655:IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication
27:Field of communication of technical information
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931:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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820:Redish, Ginny. (30 September 2020).
588:TechWhirl. Accessed 9 December 2014.
385:Organizing and outlining information
41:of technical subject matter such as
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490:Editing for grammar and punctuation
95:Society for Technical Communication
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448:Adjusting and reorganizing content
298:Organize and outline information (
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958:The Elements of Technical Writing
824:(Washington DC and Baltimore). .
586:What is Technical Communications?
546:Johnson-Sheehan, Richard (2005).
61:(which in turn sometimes entails
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328:Determining purpose and audience
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300:Arrangement
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125:online help
43:engineering
1579:Categories
1546:Wertheimer
1426:Horkheimer
1163:Propaganda
1118:Mass media
1113:Journalism
1053:Topics and
970:0020130856
950:Gary Blake
807:7 November
534:References
168:API writer
51:technology
1330:Technical
1315:Political
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1148:New media
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430:ody, and
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355:attention
293:Invention
252:ecology.
153:Technical
35:Tech Comm
1564:Category
1516:Richards
1441:Jakobson
1421:Habermas
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1366:Benjamin
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964:, 1993.
675:39438169
601:Archived
502:See also
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321:Delivery
282:rhetoric
1536:Tankard
1531:Shannon
1526:Schramm
1511:Quebral
1506:Postman
1496:Packard
1476:McLuhan
1471:Marcuse
1466:Luhmann
1461:Lippman
1456:Kincaid
1451:Johnson
1416:Goffman
1411:Gerbner
1401:Flusser
1381:Chomsky
1361:Bateson
1356:Barthes
1325:Science
1255:Climate
1205:Writing
1173:Reading
1123:Meaning
1043:Outline
1038:History
129:manuals
127:, user
75:R&D
47:science
1541:Tannen
1521:Rogers
1501:Peirce
1486:Morgan
1431:Huxley
1406:Gasset
1396:Fisher
1351:Adorno
1335:Visual
1285:Health
1280:Global
1250:Crisis
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1371:Burke
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758:S2CID
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671:S2CID
307:Style
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1320:Risk
1295:Mass
1188:list
966:ISBN
952:and
937:link
933:link
915:OCLC
905:ISBN
809:2021
796:ISBN
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