273:
826:, 018 โ Exphone and 019 โ 019 Telzar provide international telephony: All the companies offer membership services which usually offer their customers cheaper rates. Membership might include some benefits such as billing, and dialing the default 00 prefix instead of the need to dial the specific prefix of the company (as it was done in the past, when Bezeq had a monopoly in this field). Because these companies have an extensive infrastructure of links abroad, the majority of them also provide internet services. Incoming calls are distributed through the companies relative to market share.
89:
19:
760:
3000:
1918:
1928:
550:
3010:
457:
2989:
3020:
272:
350:, instead of the former two stations "Army 1" and "Army 2"). In spite of all the changes in the field of radio broadcasting, this medium lost the majority of the listeners ratings during the nineties, and by the end of the decade, the radio was considered to be a communication medium which had few listeners in relatively to the television.
476:
there were only three other cable companies in Israel: Tevel, Matav and
Arutzay Zahav. The competition with Yes caused a big loss of members amongst the cable TV companies which urged them to merge. In order to strengthen Yes, which was relatively new, the regulator postponed his approval to the
507:. This move started a competition among the commercial channels. Channel 10 purchased for itself hosts and actors from Channel 2 and Channel 1. In spite of these procurement actions, the channel is still considered to be inferior in the amount of its viewers relatively to the other channels.
896:(which provides television services through satellite transmissions). The cable company has an advantage over the satellite company due to a permit granted to it from the communication office, which enables it to provide full bidirectional communications (for example the ability to provide
627:
On 4 June 2008, the
Ministry of Communications published a concession for operating a system which would enable broadcasting of digital radio transmissions in Israel. Over 50 stations nationwide are estimated to be broadcasting their transmissions on the Israeli digital radio broadcasts.
526:. On 30 March 2010, all analogue terrestrial television towers were switched off and digital distribution ("Idan Plus") is the only digital terrestrial system in effect. The first phase includes five SD channels (IBA-1, IBA-33, Channel 2, Israel 10 and The Knesset Channel). The system is
707:. Gradually, the government-owned postal company enabled additional companies to enter the market of postal deliveries of mail with a weight up to half a kilogram; this was done so that they could compete with the governmental mail company, allowing the postage rates to drop.
797:
throughout the country. In
December of the same year, they received permission from the government to dismantle the vast majority of these phones, leaving only those in active use and those within closed spaces, e.g. prisons, where other choices are not available.
496:(DVR) technologies which are capable of pre-recording shows (Hot Magic, Yes Max). HOT has put a big emphasis on encouraging production of local Israeli movies, while YES, in contrast, puts more emphasis on purchasing foreign TV series and movies.
57:. During the 1990s, the Israeli telecommunication industry transitioned from government owned monopolies to diversified private competition by a range of new companies. As of 2014, the telecommunications sector in Israel had revenues over
931:, finance itself partially with the help of limited sponsorship announcements, although most of its budget comes from the license fees which every household in Israel, with a television and a digital receiver set, pays annually.
534:
and in SFN configuration with two frequencies across the whole country (north and south are UHF 26 while central is UHF 29). A second phase with more channels was expected in 2012 (also IBA-1 HD) and a third phase maybe in 2013.
617:, the Israel Postal Company, as a preceding stage to the opening of the mail market to competition. The Israeli radio succeeded to recover from rating problems and opened more regional radio stations.
315:
The multichannel television platform in Israel began when the cable TV companies were established. Every company had a monopoly in a certain area of the country (according to a franchise given by the
342:
experienced prosperity which happened in tandem with the establishment of legal regional radio stations, and to the reorganization of the military radio stations in 1993 (the establishment of
888:
is a governing-body whose purpose is to facilitate and regulate the commercially operated television broadcasts in Israel. There are two companies in the market of multichannel television:
312:
in Israel. The original agreement was that the broadcasting days of the channel were distributed among three broadcasting companies in order not to have a direct competition between them.
869:, Home Cellular, 019 Telzar and Cellact. The services which these companies provide long ago passed the boundaries of voice conversations and currently provide also SMS Text messaging,
488:, and with them it became possible to receive digital broadcasts (improvement in the quality of reception of the television channels), and additionally also enabled games channels,
397:. At the start, the company experienced different problems with the devices they provided, when their users experienced many disconnections and intermittence during conversations.
1883:
743:. In addition to the main radio stations which could be received throughout the country, there are also regional commercial radio stations broadcasting under the auspices of
1076:
585:, at first Israelis were able to conduct international conversations free of charge or at lower rates through the Internet due to the link between VoIP networks such as
1294:
1893:
1329:
744:
64:
Technology and industry-wise, the
Israeli telecom industry has been among global leaders in technology development pioneering developments of protocols such as
2972:
2944:
2939:
1964:
190: โ Kol Hashalom) was a radio station that served Israel and the Middle East for 20 years. The station first went on the air in May 1973 from the ship
319:). For the first time, the Israeli public became exposed to tens of foreign channels from other countries around the world (which overtook the place of the
1807:
1852:
885:
210:
was established to reduce bureaucracy and improve efficiency, significantly reducing the waiting period for the installation of new telephone lines.
440:
In the first decade of the 21st century there was a major emphasis on digitization and a shift to mobile technologies, following similar trends in
1832:
953:. A third company Unlimited is building an internet-over-powerline infrastructure. As of October 2016, the largest Internet service providers are
2966:
945:
The
Internet companies market is divided into two categories: infrastructure providers and service providers. The infrastructure providers are
170:
3044:
2961:
2951:
2931:
2733:
500:
353:
Although the majority of homes in Israel still receive daily newspapers nowadays, in this decade many main newspapers were closed, including
327:
channels which were the only foreign channels received in Israel until then), and to new local channels on the cables: The children channel,
301:
249: โ Channel 7) was a radio station that served Israel for 15 years. The station first went on the air on 21 October 1988 from the ship
374:
In the mid-nineties, Internet and emailing became prevalent in Israel. Back then, the connection to the
Internet had to be done by means of
1559:
76:. During the 2000s Israel emerged as a leading supplier for the global telecommunications industry, and a global leader in technological
2956:
2802:
1642:
477:
merger of the cable companies. The merger was completed in 2003, and the cable companies were renamed under the singular company called
445:
316:
2728:
1888:
1391:
2822:
1752:
2607:
2155:
1957:
716:
77:
2718:
1857:
1201:
862:
2713:
2264:
1802:
1767:
1722:
1238:
1186:
973:
843:
779:
594:
556:
420:
138:
88:
2738:
1692:
1687:
1582:
1310:
1282:
928:
722:
581:
In the middle of the decade, due to the popularity which the high-speed
Internet and VoIP technologies gained amongst the
3023:
3013:
2774:
2671:
2214:
1981:
1812:
1787:
1702:
1682:
1632:
1602:
1592:
642:
614:
441:
412:, who also began to offer international calling services . The activity of Bezeq in this field passed to its subsidiary
54:
1847:
335:, and the films channel. The move brought to almost total elimination of the pirated cable broadcasting in the country.
3003:
2510:
1950:
1898:
1777:
1772:
1652:
1315:
472:
was established in 2000, introducing strong competition in the cable television market. Prior to the establishment of
347:
1434:
2862:
2784:
2723:
2430:
1842:
1792:
1747:
1727:
1717:
1617:
725:
is allowed to produce earnings from advertising. The radio section of the Israel
Broadcasting Authority is called
2634:
2595:
2440:
2340:
2269:
2202:
2029:
1817:
1732:
1712:
1597:
1587:
874:
687:
390:
153:
834:
As of
January 2020, There are six major network operators in Israel which offer cellular communication service:
288:
The 1990s was a decade of marked change in the
Israeli telecommunications industry, and massive developments in
2993:
2235:
2170:
2123:
2009:
1862:
1797:
1762:
1697:
1677:
1667:
1627:
1612:
1607:
1574:
1552:
1207:
866:
2832:
2817:
2661:
2612:
2535:
2435:
2113:
1999:
1994:
1903:
1822:
1782:
1757:
1737:
1672:
1647:
1637:
1622:
375:
152:(then called "The Israeli Television") started broadcasting with a live broadcast of an army parade on the
2754:
2540:
2355:
2300:
2295:
2108:
2073:
1742:
1707:
1662:
1657:
493:
324:
112:(Ministry of Transport, Postal, Telegraph and Radio) replaced the mail service system provided during the
109:
93:
18:
2656:
2460:
2425:
2345:
2325:
2247:
2135:
2056:
736:
704:
610:
293:
214:
46:
1301:
2570:
2530:
2500:
2257:
2192:
2083:
911:. There also exist several niche channels which make their earnings from TV advertisements, such as:
666:
519:
309:
2580:
2520:
2279:
2241:
2098:
2039:
2024:
1872:
1545:
954:
920:
908:
815:
504:
413:
145:
113:
1927:
404:'s monopoly on international calling services was ended with the addition of two other companies,
2807:
2764:
2695:
2565:
2495:
2470:
2405:
2252:
1973:
1043:
940:
924:
904:
655:
563:
544:
305:
236:
149:
127:
120:
58:
2847:
2769:
2683:
2666:
2629:
2515:
2475:
2305:
2274:
2140:
2034:
870:
260:
1520:
1516:
786:
offer landline telephony services. Bezeq offers traditional services, while the others offer
427:. Partner was the first company which built network foundations in Israel which worked under
2852:
2812:
2792:
2759:
2688:
2646:
2560:
2415:
2400:
2375:
2350:
2310:
2160:
2019:
2014:
2004:
1234:
1182:
1160:
839:
783:
649:
289:
102:
624:
and other law enforcement bodies to access communication data without judicial inspection.
503:, an additional Israeli terrestrial-commercial channel was established on 28 January 2002:
2480:
2335:
2103:
2066:
1334:
897:
759:
523:
489:
461:
296:, and multichannel television platform such as cable television and satellite television.
229:
174:
2078:
892:(which provides television services through an underground infrastructure of cables) and
721:
In contrast with the state which exists in the television field, in the radio field, the
2678:
2550:
2525:
2485:
2455:
2330:
2165:
2051:
999:
332:
183:
169:
1488:
3038:
2827:
2600:
2590:
2505:
2395:
2390:
2380:
2365:
2187:
2046:
1921:
1529:
1365:
1194:
1099:
851:
819:
811:
787:
621:
424:
409:
379:
42:
38:
1419:
735:
is the leading radio station in Israel. Two additional radio stations belong to the
2705:
2545:
2490:
2420:
2385:
2320:
2219:
2209:
2061:
1460:
1230:
1226:
1152:
958:
950:
893:
889:
775:
748:
703:
The mail field in Israel treads towards competition. The Mail Authority became the
671:
575:
478:
473:
469:
361:
339:
620:
On 17 December 2007, the Israeli parliament approved a new law which enables the
2905:
2555:
2465:
2450:
2410:
2370:
2229:
1931:
1004:
970:
912:
726:
677:
553:
549:
511:
485:
242:
2910:
2617:
2315:
2224:
2180:
2150:
2128:
2118:
2093:
1190:
847:
823:
732:
492:(V.O.D) and nowadays they supply digital set-top boxes which contain advanced
456:
2895:
2360:
2175:
1178:
1156:
835:
807:
794:
740:
405:
394:
383:
343:
239:
started experimental broadcasts which continued for a period of seven years.
221:
157:
27:
2890:
2880:
2797:
2622:
2445:
1537:
916:
582:
571:
355:
281:
277:
225:
49:. Prior to the 1990s, Israel's telecommunication market was dominated by
578:
started offering telephony services through the cables infrastructures.
2885:
2870:
1052:
1013:
661:
559:
in the Mediterranean Sea, connecting Israel to Turkey, Greece and Italy
518:" were chosen to be the channel's broadcasts to the consequent decade.
423:
joined the cellular communication market in Israel with the brand-name
328:
37:
are the most developed in the Middle East. Israel's system consists of
593:
and the traditional telephony networks in Israel and abroad. In 2008,
202:
The 1980s brought a revolution to the communication market in Israel:
2915:
2875:
2197:
1989:
1942:
1017:
590:
531:
515:
73:
484:
Throughout the decade, Hot and Yes inserted the use of the digital
2900:
2837:
2145:
1210:, Free Telecom โ x2one Israel, Home Cellular, 019 Telzar, Cellact
1148:
946:
855:
771:
764:
758:
598:
586:
567:
548:
527:
455:
401:
367:
271:
207:
168:
131:
87:
65:
50:
23:
17:
2842:
1465:
1274:
320:
308:โ began to broadcast on 4 November 1993, which began the era of
69:
1946:
1541:
2088:
1287:
510:
In 2005, an additional bid took place in channel 2, in which "
428:
26:
Cellular tower and telephone exchange, located in the town of
1435:"Israelis and Others Feel the Sting of a Cellular Phone Bug"
304:
was established and the first Israeli commercial channel โ
224:(the first cellular company in Israel) was established by
903:
There are two commercial channels on Israeli television:
96:, on display at the Postal Pavilion of Erez Israel Museum
790:, with Hot's service being routed through an intranet.
685:). Other major newspapers include the Russian-language
393:
joined as the second cellular network in Israel after
566:
became prevalent in the majority of homes in Israel.
1463:[Bezeq Will Remove Most Public Telephones].
2924:
2861:
2783:
2747:
2704:
2645:
2579:
2288:
1980:
1871:
1831:
1573:
647:Israel has three main commercial daily newspapers:
61:15 billion, representing about 2% of the GDP.
601:joined the high-speed Internet providers market.
923:and the Israeli shopping channel. Additionally,
378:to the local Internet service providers such as
1489:"Israel's Mobile and Broadband Internet Speeds"
1392:"IATI Annual Review: Israel ICT Industry 2012"
276:A comedy about Iraqi missile launchers during
105:is founded โ the national newspaper of Israel.
1958:
1553:
1366:"Telecommunications in Israel 2014 (English)"
1330:Communications in the Palestinian territories
745:the Second Authority for Television and Radio
8:
1299:
1254:Number of Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
570:ceased to be a monopoly in the field of the
2973:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
806:As of October 2016, eight operators, 012 โ
747:. There is a severe problem in Israel with
3009:
1965:
1951:
1943:
1560:
1546:
1538:
468:The Israeli satellite television provider
665:. Additionally, there are also two large
1133:
978:
886:Cable and Satellite Broadcasting Council
263:arrived towards the end of the eighties.
1346:
961:, in addition to 50 smaller companies.
522:won the bid to produce the terrestrial
1433:Fisher, Lawrence M. (14 August 1995).
1414:
1412:
501:Second Israeli Broadcasting Authority
302:Second Israeli Broadcasting Authority
177:, used for making calls on payphones.
7:
3019:
1461:"ืืืง ืชืกืืจ ืืช ืจืื ืืืืคืื ืื ืืฆืืืืจืืื"
1459:Kristal, Meirav (31 December 2020).
1300:
253:(formerly the Maltese cargo vessel
1175:Cellular mobile network operators
739:: Israel Defense Forces Radio and
14:
194:(formerly the Dutch cargo vessel
3018:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2987:
2608:Free-space optical communication
1926:
1917:
1916:
717:List of radio stations in Israel
1390:IDC research (September 2012).
1262:Number of broadband subscriber
1215:Number of cellular subscribers
974:submarine communications cables
861:In addition, there are several
557:Submarine communications cables
141:began broadcasting on 24 March.
1884:British Indian Ocean Territory
976:connecting Israel and Europe:
595:Partner Communications Company
421:Partner Communications Company
139:Israeli Educational Television
1:
1517:2008 Gronau Commission Report
929:Israel Broadcasting Authority
723:Israel Broadcasting Authority
235:In October 1986, the Israeli
3045:Telecommunications in Israel
2994:Telecommunication portal
2775:Telecommunications equipment
1530:2011 Hayak Commission Report
1167:Number of fixed phone lines
1106:
1080:
1047:
1008:
643:List of newspapers in Israel
615:government-owned corporation
499:Under the inspection of the
123:is founded โ Daily newspaper
114:British Mandate of Palestine
55:government-owned corporation
35:Telecommunications in Israel
2511:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
1265:~2.075 million (2014)
1223:Multi-channel TV operators
1218:10.276 million (2014)
1109:
1083:
1050:
1011:
348:Israel Defense Forces Radio
3061:
2215:Telecommunications history
1249:1.485 million (2014)
938:
714:
640:
605:Other communication Fields
542:
317:Ministry of Communications
2982:
2823:Public Switched Telephone
2635:telecommunication circuit
2596:Fiber-optic communication
2341:Francis Blake (telephone)
2136:Optical telecommunication
1912:
1246:Number of TV subscribers
998:
965:International connections
875:Broadband Internet access
818:, 015 โ Hallo 015, 016 โ
793:In 2020, Bezeq had 9,500
246:
187:
2734:Orbital angular-momentum
2171:Satellite communications
2010:Communications satellite
1633:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1233:(satellite, streaming),
1170:3.4 million (2014)
969:Three companies operate
154:Israeli Independence Day
2613:Molecular communication
2436:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
2265:Undersea telegraph line
2000:Cable protection system
1894:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1270:Average Internet speed
927:, which belongs to the
691:, the English-language
611:Israel Postal Authority
376:dial-up Internet access
290:cellular communications
215:Israel Postal Authority
2755:Communication protocol
2541:Charles Sumner Tainter
2356:Walter Houser Brattain
2301:Edwin Howard Armstrong
2109:Information revolution
1568:Communications in Asia
1493:Speedtest Global Index
830:Cellular communication
767:
749:pirated radio stations
737:Israeli defense forces
560:
494:digital video recorder
465:
285:
178:
126:1955 โ Israel's first
110:Israeli Postal Service
97:
94:Israeli Postal Service
31:
2729:Polarization-division
2461:Narinder Singh Kapany
2426:Erna Schneider Hoover
2346:Jagadish Chandra Bose
2326:Alexander Graham Bell
2057:online video platform
1145:Fixed line operators
991:Total design capacity
762:
729:("Voice Of Israel").
705:Israel Postal Company
667:free daily newspapers
609:On 1 March 2006, The
574:communications, when
552:
459:
294:commercial television
275:
172:
91:
47:microwave radio relay
21:
2571:Vladimir K. Zworykin
2531:Almon Brown Strowger
2501:Charles Grafton Page
2156:Prepaid mobile phone
2084:Electrical telegraph
1808:United Arab Emirates
520:Israeli News Company
2521:Johann Philipp Reis
2280:Wireless revolution
2242:The Telephone Cases
2099:Hydraulic telegraph
1835:limited recognition
1073:Bezeq International
955:Bezeq International
816:Bezeq International
802:International calls
414:Bezeq International
346:in tandem with the
146:public broadcasting
2719:Frequency-division
2696:Telephone exchange
2566:Charles Wheatstone
2496:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
2471:Innocenzo Manzetti
2406:Reginald Fessenden
2141:Optical telegraphy
1974:Telecommunications
1439:The New York Times
941:Internet in Israel
768:
755:Landline telephony
693:The Jerusalem Post
683:The Jerusalem Post
564:Broadband Internet
561:
545:Internet in Israel
466:
333:the family channel
329:the sports channel
310:television ratings
286:
179:
128:mobile post office
98:
32:
3032:
3031:
2770:Store and forward
2765:Data transmission
2679:Network switching
2630:Transmission line
2476:Guglielmo Marconi
2441:Internet pioneers
2306:Mohamed M. Atalla
2275:Whistled language
1940:
1939:
1877:other territories
1321:
1320:
1127:
1126:
871:Videoconferencing
460:TV studio of the
3052:
3022:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2863:Notable networks
2853:Wireless network
2793:Cellular network
2785:Types of network
2760:Computer network
2647:Network topology
2561:Thomas A. Watson
2416:Oliver Heaviside
2401:Philo Farnsworth
2376:Daniel Davis Jr.
2351:Charles Bourseul
2311:John Logie Baird
2020:Data compression
2015:Computer network
1967:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1930:
1920:
1919:
1889:Christmas Island
1575:Sovereign states
1562:
1555:
1548:
1539:
1534:
1526:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1362:
1305:
1304:
1134:
1130:Statistical data
988:Year operational
979:
650:Yedioth Ahronoth
248:
189:
103:Yedioth Ahronoth
3060:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
2988:
2986:
2978:
2920:
2857:
2779:
2743:
2700:
2649:
2641:
2582:
2575:
2481:Robert Metcalfe
2336:Tim Berners-Lee
2284:
2104:Information Age
1976:
1971:
1941:
1936:
1908:
1876:
1867:
1848:Northern Cyprus
1834:
1827:
1569:
1566:
1532:
1524:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1348:
1343:
1335:Media of Israel
1326:
1132:
1100:Tamares Telecom
994:Landing points
967:
943:
937:
898:video on demand
883:
832:
804:
757:
719:
713:
701:
645:
639:
634:
607:
547:
541:
524:Knesset Channel
490:video on demand
462:Eretz Nehederet
454:
438:
270:
261:Pirate cable TV
255:MV Mount Parnis
251:MV Eretz HaTzvi
167:
92:Vehicle of the
86:
12:
11:
5:
3058:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3016:
3006:
2996:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2947:
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2714:Space-division
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2551:Camille Tissot
2548:
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2526:Claude Shannon
2523:
2518:
2516:Tivadar Puskรกs
2513:
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2486:Antonio Meucci
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2331:Emile Berliner
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2270:Videotelephony
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2255:
2245:
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2166:Radiotelephone
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2052:Internet video
2044:
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2037:
2032:
2027:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
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1511:External links
1509:
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1000:Telecom Italia
996:
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939:Main article:
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715:Main article:
712:
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543:Main article:
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184:Voice of Peace
166:
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117:
106:
85:
82:
43:optical fibers
39:coaxial cables
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2739:Code-division
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:Time-division
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
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2677:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:and switching
2648:
2644:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2601:optical fiber
2599:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:Coaxial cable
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2569:
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2544:
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2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Radia Perlman
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
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2412:
2409:
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2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:Lee de Forest
2394:
2392:
2391:Thomas Edison
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Donald Davies
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:Claude Chappe
2364:
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2210:Smoke signals
2208:
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2201:
2199:
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2189:
2188:Semiconductor
2186:
2182:
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2047:Digital media
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
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1968:
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1858:South Ossetia
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1521:short version
1518:
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1237:(streaming),
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1222:
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1214:
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1196:
1195:Golan Telecom
1192:
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1174:
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1169:
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1162:
1158:
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1112:
1104:Tamares Cable
1103:
1101:
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899:
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868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
852:Golan Telecom
849:
845:
841:
837:
829:
827:
825:
821:
820:Golan Telecom
817:
813:
812:013 NetVision
809:
801:
799:
796:
791:
789:
788:Voice over IP
785:
781:
777:
773:
766:
761:
754:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
728:
724:
718:
710:
708:
706:
698:
696:
694:
690:
689:
684:
680:
679:
674:
673:
668:
664:
663:
658:
657:
652:
651:
644:
636:
631:
629:
625:
623:
622:Israel police
618:
616:
612:
604:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
558:
555:
551:
546:
538:
536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
486:set-top boxes
482:
480:
475:
471:
463:
458:
451:
449:
447:
446:North America
443:
435:
431:technologies.
430:
426:
425:Orange Israel
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
392:
388:
385:
384:Internet Gold
381:
377:
373:
370:
369:
364:
363:
358:
357:
352:
349:
345:
341:
340:pirate radios
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:
297:
295:
291:
283:
279:
274:
267:
262:
259:
256:
252:
244:
241:
238:
234:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
213:In 1986, the
212:
209:
205:
204:
203:
197:
193:
185:
181:
180:
176:
171:
164:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:began in the
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
104:
100:
99:
95:
90:
83:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
25:
20:
16:
2706:Multiplexing
2581:Transmission
2546:Nikola Tesla
2536:Henry Sutton
2491:Samuel Morse
2421:Robert Hooke
2386:Amos Dolbear
2321:John Bardeen
2240:
2220:Telautograph
2124:Mobile phone
2079:Edholm's law
2062:social media
1995:Broadcasting
1873:Dependencies
1803:Turkmenistan
1768:Saudi Arabia
1496:. Retrieved
1492:
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1464:
1454:
1442:. Retrieved
1438:
1428:
1399:. Retrieved
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1311:Calling code
1241:(streaming)
968:
944:
902:
884:
860:
833:
805:
792:
770:As of 2020,
769:
763:Payphone in
731:
720:
702:
692:
686:
682:
681:(belongs to
676:
672:Israel Hayom
670:
660:
654:
648:
646:
626:
619:
608:
580:
562:
509:
498:
483:
467:
439:
406:Golden Lines
366:
362:Al HaMishmar
360:
354:
338:The Israeli
292:, Internet,
287:
254:
250:
217:was founded.
201:
195:
191:
63:
34:
33:
15:
2906:NPL network
2618:Radio waves
2556:Alfred Vail
2466:Hedy Lamarr
2451:Dawon Kahng
2411:Elisha Gray
2371:Yogen Dalal
2296:Nasir Ahmed
2230:Teleprinter
2094:Heliographs
1932:Asia portal
1833:States with
1753:Philippines
1693:South Korea
1688:North Korea
1583:Afghanistan
1533:(in Hebrew)
1525:(in Hebrew)
1473:31 December
1469:(in Hebrew)
1397:. p. 9
1257:50+ (2014)
1005:MedNautilus
985:System name
971:fiber optic
913:Israel Plus
900:services).
727:Kol Yisrael
678:Israel Post
554:MedNautilus
243:Arutz Sheva
165:1970sโ1980s
144:1968 โ The
137:1966 โ The
108:1948 โ The
84:1940sโ1960s
2952:Antarctica
2911:Toasternet
2833:Television
2316:Paul Baran
2248:Television
2232:(teletype)
2225:Telegraphy
2203:transistor
2181:Phryctoria
2151:Photophone
2129:Smartphone
2119:Mass media
1813:Uzbekistan
1788:Tajikistan
1703:Kyrgyzstan
1683:Kazakhstan
1603:Bangladesh
1593:Azerbaijan
1375:20 October
1341:References
1239:Partner TV
1235:Cellcom TV
1204:operators
1191:Hot Mobile
921:Channel 20
909:Channel 10
881:Television
848:Hot Mobile
824:Hot Mobile
733:Reshet Bet
505:Channel 10
452:Television
284:TV program
2936:Americas
2925:Locations
2896:Internet2
2657:Bandwidth
2361:Vint Cerf
2258:streaming
2236:Telephone
2176:Semaphore
2067:streaming
1899:Hong Kong
1853:Palestine
1778:Sri Lanka
1773:Singapore
1653:Indonesia
1295:IDN ccTLD
1229:(cable),
1208:Rami Levy
1179:Pelephone
1157:012 Smile
1137:Parameter
1084:7.2Tbit/s
925:Channel 1
905:Channel 2
867:Rami Levy
836:Pelephone
808:012 Smile
795:payphones
741:Galgalatz
613:became a
419:In 1999,
400:In 1998,
395:Pelephone
389:In 1994,
380:NetVision
344:Galgalatz
321:Jordanian
306:Channel 2
237:Channel 2
222:Pelephone
220:In 1986,
206:In 1984,
188:ืงืื ืืฉืืื
158:Jerusalem
150:Channel 1
28:Or Yehuda
3039:Category
3004:Category
2891:Internet
2881:CYCLADES
2798:Ethernet
2748:Concepts
2672:terminal
2623:wireless
2446:Bob Kahn
2289:Pioneers
2114:Internet
2005:Cable TV
1922:Category
1843:Abkhazia
1793:Thailand
1748:Pakistan
1728:Mongolia
1723:Maldives
1718:Malaysia
1618:Cambodia
1420:"Hatzvi"
1324:See also
1110:42Tbit/s
982:Operator
935:Internet
917:Music 24
822:, 017 โ
814:, 014 โ
810:, 013 โ
583:Israelis
572:landline
539:Internet
356:Hadashot
325:Lebanese
282:Zehu Ze!
278:Gulf War
226:Motorola
192:MV Peace
148:channel
78:research
3024:Commons
3014:Outline
2967:Oceania
2886:FidoNet
2871:ARPANET
2684:circuit
2253:digital
1982:History
1818:Vietnam
1733:Myanmar
1713:Lebanon
1643:Georgia
1598:Bahrain
1588:Armenia
1498:16 June
1277:(2022)
1187:Partner
1183:Cellcom
1161:Cellcom
1140:Amount
844:Partner
840:Cellcom
784:Cellcom
780:Partner
695:, etc.
662:Haaretz
632:Present
514:" and "
464:program
391:Cellcom
280:at the
230:Tadiran
196:MV Cito
119:1948 โ
101:1939 โ
2962:Europe
2932:Africa
2916:Usenet
2876:BITNET
2813:Mobile
2689:packet
2198:MOSFET
2193:device
1990:Beacon
1863:Taiwan
1798:Turkey
1763:Russia
1698:Kuwait
1678:Jordan
1668:Israel
1628:Cyprus
1613:Brunei
1608:Bhutan
1444:7 June
1371:. 2015
1302:.ืืฉืจืื
1121:Israel
1118:Cyprus
1115:France
1092:Israel
1066:Israel
1063:Cyprus
1036:Cyprus
1033:Israel
1030:Turkey
1027:Greece
656:Maariv
591:Vonage
532:MPEG-4
516:Reshet
512:Keshet
442:Europe
408:, and
365:, and
247:ืขืจืืฅ 7
175:Asimon
121:Maariv
74:TDMoIP
45:, and
2945:South
2940:North
2901:JANET
2838:Telex
2828:Radio
2667:Nodes
2662:Links
2583:media
2161:Radio
2146:Pager
2074:Drums
2040:video
2035:image
2025:audio
1904:Macau
1823:Yemen
1783:Syria
1758:Qatar
1738:Nepal
1673:Japan
1648:India
1638:Egypt
1623:China
1401:2 May
1395:(PDF)
1369:(PDF)
1283:ccTLD
1149:Bezeq
1089:Italy
1077:JONAH
1060:Italy
1024:Italy
947:Bezeq
863:MVNOs
772:Bezeq
765:Haifa
711:Radio
688:Vesti
637:Press
599:XFONE
587:Skype
568:Bezeq
528:DVB-T
436:2000s
410:Barak
402:Bezeq
368:Davar
268:1990s
208:Bezeq
132:Negev
66:WiMAX
51:Bezeq
24:Bezeq
2957:Asia
2843:UUCP
2803:ISDN
1743:Oman
1708:Laos
1663:Iraq
1658:Iran
1500:2022
1475:2020
1466:Ynet
1446:2008
1403:2014
1377:2016
1316:+972
1275:Mbps
1202:MVNO
1107:2012
1081:2012
1048:1998
1012:3.84
1009:2002
957:and
949:and
907:and
873:and
856:we4G
854:and
782:and
699:Mail
675:and
659:and
597:and
589:and
530:and
444:and
382:and
323:and
300:The
228:and
182:The
72:and
70:VoIP
53:, a
2848:WAN
2818:NGN
2808:LAN
2089:Fax
2030:DCT
1875:and
1288:.il
1273:93
1231:yes
1227:HOT
1153:HOT
1044:LEV
959:Hot
951:Hot
894:yes
890:HOT
776:HOT
576:HOT
479:Hot
474:Yes
470:Yes
429:GSM
173:An
156:in
3041::
1523:)
1491:.
1437:.
1411:^
1349:^
1193:,
1189:,
1185:,
1181:,
1159:,
1155:,
1151:,
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1053:Gb
1051:20
1014:Tb
919:,
915:,
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59:โช
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