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Korean pine in dominant forests has been declining as more common and more intense wildfires start to take their toll on the species, limiting its ability to recover and changing areas that were once dominated by old growth Korean pine to
Mongolian oak and birch forests. Above 700–800 meters in altitude, the forest type transitions from broadleaf to coniferous, dominated by Jezo spruce and Manchurian fir. The further to the north, the altitudinal gradient decreases with the increase in latitude, resulting in coniferous forests at sea level at 47° N latitude.
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189:. Continental winds coming in from Siberia bring cooler, dry air during winter, resulting in lighter precipitation (30–50 cm of snow). Winters can be long and bitterly cold with January mean temperatures ranging from -15 to -20 °C and snow covering the forest floor from October to April. The driest parts of the year are from April to June and September to October, which also happen to coincide with the greatest threat of
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457:, bottom up approach to conservation, which despite the challenges has seen some success. Much of the recent funding for conservation studies and implementation of legislation comes from donors and organizations in the United States, where investing in conserving the biodiversity in the Russian Far East is seen as a good economic investment. At a species level, Korean pine is a highly valued type of
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constitute the primary disturbances in this area, both of which are occurring at an increasing frequency. Illegal logging practices, along with a political climate more favorable to multinational logging corporations has drastically increased the amount of timber taken per year. The occurrence of
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Kobayashi, M. A. K. O. T. O., NEMILOSTIV, Y. P., ZYRYANOVA, O. A., KAJIMOTO, T., MATSUURA, Y., YOSHIDA, T., ... & KOIKE, T. (2007). Regeneration after Forest Fires in mixed
Conifer Broad-leaved Forests of the Amur Region in Far Eastern Russia: the Relationship between Species Specific Traits
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practices thrive due to a lack of enforcement. Korean pine forests also receive the most interest when it comes to conservationists, as they have been found to have the highest densities of tigers and their prey. Because of this, it appears that the longevity of the temperate rain forests in the
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in
December 1991. Following the break up, a period of economic hardship has ensued in Russia, resulting in conservation funding cuts and increases in illegal logging and poaching, casting serious doubt on the viabilities of the protected areas and the many rare and
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Carroll, C., & Miquelle, D. G. (2006). Spatial viability analysis of Amur tiger
Panthera tigris altaica in the Russian Far East: the role of protected areas and landscape matrix in population persistence. Journal of Applied Ecology, 43(6),
348:, as the Russian Far East, altogether, might probably be the only place in the world where endangered tigers, leopards, bears, and grey wolves coexist. This region also happens to be some of the last of habitat of the
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Cushman, S. A., & Wallin, D. O. (2002). Separating the effects of environmental, spatial and disturbance factors on forest community structure in the
Russian Far East. Forest Ecology and Management, 168(1),
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occurs as a result of difference in temperatures between the continent and the ocean, resulting in more moderate temperatures, higher humidities; helping to prevent substantial water loss from occurring due to
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Uphyrkina, O., Miquelle, D., Quigley, H., Driscoll, C., & O'Brien, S. J. (2002). Conservation genetics of the Far
Eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). Journal of Heredity, 93(5), 303-311
236:, with the forest type becoming more conifer dominated at higher elevations and more broad-leaf-conifer mixed at the lower elevations and within valleys. The most common species include the
324:), a deciduous conifer common throughout, but dominant in the northernmost reaches of the forest The Amur region of Russia holds the last remaining habitats for the critically endangered
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containing species with origins in
Siberia’s boreal forest and Manchuria’s subtropical forests. Historically these forests ranged from the southeastern Pacific coast of Russia,
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Cushman, S. A., & Wallin, D. O. (2000). Rates and patterns of landscape change in the
Central Sikhote-alin Mountains, Russian Far East. Landscape Ecology, 15(7), 643-659
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around the world have retained only a fraction of their historical range, these forests maintain the majority of their former range and almost all of their historical
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Conservation policies have been falling from federal control down to a regional level, which creates funding and enforcement challenges, but also allows for a more
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Dinerstein, E., Krever, V., Olson, D. M., & Williams, L. (1994). An emergency strategy to rescue Russia's biological diversity. Conservation
Biology, 934-939
433:. These conservation strategies were largely successful and well maintained, as 85 zapovedniks and 26 national parks remained within Russian control after the
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The
Russian Federation contains one sixth of the world’s land mass and around half of the country’s territory is what could be considered continuous
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providing relatively untouched habitat for an extremely wide diversity of species. The temperate rainforests are located at the intersection of the
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132:. The mountains have a maximum height of 1850 m, while the average elevation within the range is around 1000 m. The major rivers include the
376:, and can be found in the dense, remote pockets of broadleaf, coniferous and deciduous forests of Far East Russia. Common ungulates include
336:. It has been estimated that there are less the 600 tigers. and around 90 leopards left in the wild. The area also contains populations of
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These forests are found dispersed throughout the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, which extend over 1000 km along the west coast of the
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Known as the "Ussuri taiga," this region of Russia has long, cold winters and fairly mild summers to go along with a mean
352:(Bubo blakistoni); along with being the world’s largest owl, it is unique in the way that it eats fish (primarily
213:. There have been around 2500 species of vascular plants and 300 vertebrate species recorded in Primorsky Krai.
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631:Стратегия сохранения биоразнообразия Сихотэ-Алиня = A Biodiversity Conservation Strategy for the Sikhote-Alin'
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WCS Study: Huge Trees Help Huge Salmon-Eating Owl. (2013, August 15). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from
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in Russia, citing the area as one of the most unique and valuable areas of intact forest in the world
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recognized a 1.5 million hectare area of forest in the central part of the Sikhote-Alin mountains as a
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strategies focused on the creation and a network of strictly protected nature reserves, called
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rivers act as tributaries to the Ussuri, flowing west from the Sikhote-Alin mountain range.
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Against Fire and Recent Fire Regimes. Eurasian Journal of Forest Research, 10(1), 51-58,
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efforts for the endangered species found there, particularly those for the Amur tiger.
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DellaSala D. 2011. Temperate and Boreal Rainforests of the World. Island Press
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Central Sikhote-Alin. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2014, from
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Russian Far East will most likely depend on the success of the
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Korean pine and Jezo spruce mixed forest along the Bikin River.
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coming from the southeast, resulting in substantial rainfall.
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Vladivostok: Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch
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of 800–1000 mm per year. During the summer and fall, a
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668:Geography of the Russian Far East
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286:Scots pine
138:Amur river
82:wilderness
58:Amur tiger
578:1056-1068
408:Fire and
390:musk deer
386:wild boar
230:broadleaf
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102:ecosystem
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382:roe deer
378:red deer
178:typhoons
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410:logging
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197:Species
160:Climate
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