28:
91:. The name of this hero is etymologically associated with the goddess Alea, and may be a genealogical retrojection to explain the origin of the temple in later history. This would then indicate that the traditions of the local goddess by the time of Pausanias was almost forgotten, and a new heroic character had been invented to fill her place.
398:
discovered the remains of the earlier sanctuary, which had been proposed to be a Early
Christian or Byzantine church in the French publications of the site. Since then the Norwegian teams have led excavations at the sanctuary (the last one to date finished in 2004), as well as in the larger territory
221:
and a set of additional Tegean heroes listed by
Pausanias. The inclusion of this glorified the role of Atalanta, speaking to a Panhellenic audience. According to Pausanias, the tusks of the boar were located within the temple until Augustus removed them, and the decayed hide of the animal remained in
237:
in mythical stories. A male head with lionskin cap found here may be associated with
Telephos, promoting the association between this local hero and Heracles. His fight with Achilles puts him on par with this brave Trojan War hero, once more emphasising Tegea's local heroes on a Panhellenic level
196:
in ivory. It was described as "... made throughout of ivory, the work of
Endoeus. Those in charge of the curiosities say that one of the boar's tusks has broken off; the remaining one is kept in the gardens of the emperor, in a sanctuary of Dionysus, and is about half a fathom long." The cult
212:
The combination of myths on the exterior of the temple is interesting, and speaks of both local Tegean and
Panhellenic importance, for example, the representation of the Calydonian Boar Hunt on the east pediment. This myth is associated with Tegea through the role of the
374:
found the temple using the work of
Pausanias. Even with the temple being recognised by this time, it would take several decades before the first excavations of the site, which first took place in the 1870s; this first excavation was done by a
241:
Also the interior of the temple was described by
Pausanias, who refers to a combination of myths of local significance. He begins by mentioning the present image of Athena at Tegea, which he states was from the district of the
20:
936:
246:; among them she had surname of Hippia (Horse Goddess). The Manthurenses claimed that during the battle between the gods and giants the goddess drove her chariot and horses against
351:
There were two festivals celebrated at the sanctuary; the Aleaia and the
Halotia, the first celebration of Alea, and the latter in celebration of a victory over the Spartans.
856:
Mostratos, G. (2019) "The
Manipulation of Panhellenic and Local Myth in the Pedimental Compostions of the Century Pelonnesian Temples", in E. Koulakiotis and C. Dunn. (eds.)
125:, and the names of many persons are recorded who saved themselves by seeking refuge in it. Among the famous people seeking asylum at the temple, Pausanias recounts
900:
Pretzler, M. (2008). "Tegea and its
Neighbours in the Archaic Period." In Y. A.. Pikoulas (ed.), Ιστορίες για την αρχαία Αρκαδία. Athens: Stemnitsa: 145-162.
27:
340:
In addition to cult images, there were several representations of key local heroic characters such as Thelephos and Atlanta, but also the shield of
387:, who had led some excavating missions to Tegea in the early 1900s. Similarly, Greek teams excavated the sanctuary in 1908 and in 1976-1977.
59:, and played a crucial part as an identity marker for the ancient Tegeans. It served as the focal point of a significant area already from
225:
The scene of the local hero Telephos fighting Achilles connected the Tegeans further to larger more famous myths, Telephos was the son of
931:
354:
Pausanias also states that the priest of the temple of Athena Alea at Tegea was a boy, who held office only until reaching the age of
879:Østby, E. (2014a) "The Norwegian Excavation Project in the Sanctuary of Athena Alea at Tegea: An Introduction", in E. Østby (ed.).
910:
Voyatzis, M. (1999) "The Role of Temple Building in Consolidating Arkadian Communities", in T.H. Nielsen and J. Roy. (eds.)
893:
Pretzler, M. (1999) "Myth and History at Tegea - Local History and Community Identity", in T.H. Nielsen and J. Roy. (eds.)
391:
344:, who rallied the women of Tegea to defence of the city against the Spartans, leading to the foundation of the cult of
98:
period of Greek history; the memory of this temple survived, and is included in the account of Pausanias. According to
926:
247:
273:
Pausanias says that according to the local tradition, the altar of Athena Alea was made by the mythical hero
718:
579:
502:
433:
80:
314:
366:
The archaeological site has a long history of archaeological exploration, dating back to 1806 when the
55:; a syncretization between the Olympian goddess Athena and the local deity Alea. It was a significant
306:
174:
874:
345:
134:
886:Østby, E. (2014b) "The sanctuary of Alea at Tegea in the pre-Classical period" in E. Østby (ed.).
302:
243:
828:
McInerney, J. (2013) "The Gods of (Con)fusion: Athena Alea, Apollo Maleatas and Athena Aphaia."
122:
395:
206:
844:
Geschichte der bildenden Künste bei den Griechen: von ihrem Ursprunge bis zum höchsten Flor,
282:
214:
166:
262:
In addition to the cult of Athena within the temple, there was a statue of the healing god
118:; Pausanias also states that this temple was among the most beautiful in the Peloponnese.
60:
802:
A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece, during the years 1801, 1805 and 1806.
161:. Pausanias description of this temple states that the first row is pillars were of the
941:
835:
Mendel, G. (1901), 'Fouilles de Tégée: rapport sommaire sur la campagne de 1900-1901',
371:
251:
95:
44:
920:
384:
106:
attack on Tegea in the sixth century. Pausanias states that this temple burned down
367:
56:
63:
E, and has provided evidence of contact with several nearby regions such as the
234:
170:
162:
150:
146:
130:
52:
858:
Political Religion in the Greco-Roman World: Discourses, Practives and Images,
870:Østby, E. (2010) "Early Tegea, Sparta, and the Sanctuary of Athena Alea", in
807:
Dugas, C.(1921), 'Le sanctuaire d'Aléa Athéna à Tégée avant le IVe siècle',
334:
310:
294:
270:, goddess of health and cleanliness, both further works of Skopas of Paros.
266:
on one side of the cult image of Athena, and on the other side, a statue of
263:
99:
297:
in Tegean traditions. On the other was another four mythical characters
341:
278:
274:
226:
218:
202:
182:
178:
149:
which in size and splendour was said to surpass all other temples in the
126:
88:
863:
Norman, N. (1986) "Askelpios and Hygieia and the Cult Statue at Tegea",
376:
355:
322:
267:
193:
68:
64:
326:
298:
186:
158:
154:
115:
107:
103:
48:
330:
318:
286:
250:. Pausanias then further claims that said goddess became known as
111:
84:
40:
875:
https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/csps/resources/peloponnese-2007.aspx
290:
254:
amongst the Greeks, highlighting especially the Peloponnesians.
230:
198:
19:
281:. On the altar itself there was on one side representations of
121:
The temple of Athena Alea at Tegea was an ancient and revered
888:
Tegea I: Investigations in the Temple of Athena Alea 1991-94,
881:
Tegea I: Investigations in the Temple of Athena Alea 1991-94,
849:
Milchhӧfer, A. (1880), 'Untersuchungsausgrabungen in Tegea',
173:. He goes onto mention iconographical representations of the
390:
Since the 1990s the site has been under the control of the
383:
in 1880. After the Germans, the site was taken over by the
83:, the temple was said to have been built by the local hero
329:. Finally, there were iconographical representations of
102:, the temple contained chains associated with a failed
94:
The first temple at the site likely dates to the early
851:
Mitteilungen des Archäologischen Institutes in Athen
381:
Mitteilungen des Archäologisches Institutes in Athen
890:Athens: The Norwegian Institute at Athens, 10-56.
860:Cambridge Scholars Publishing: Newcastle, 225-263.
883:Athens: The Norwegian Institute at Athens, 1-10.
937:4th-century BC religious buildings and structures
169:, and the outside the temple was pillars of the
192:The cult statue of the Athena Alea was made by
110:, and a second temple was built by the famous
8:
903:Rhomaios, K. (1909), ''Eργασίαι ἐν Τεγέα',
825:PhD Thesis: The University of Birmingham.
804:, 2 vols. (II; London: Thomas Davidson).
379:team and their results were published in
145:The second sanctuary was a temple of the
23:The temple of Athena Alea at Tegea (2009)
238:through the iconography at this temple.
153:, and was surrounded by a triple row of
26:
18:
408:
809:Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique
837:Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique
79:According to the Greek travel writer
16:Ancient temple in Peloponnese, Greece
7:
394:, after the Norwegian archaeologist
197:statue was subsequently carried to
141:Interior and Exterior of the temple
914:Munksgaard: Copenhagen, 130-168.
818:Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14:
897:Munksgaard: Copenhagen, 89-129.
865:American Journal of Archaeology,
816:Greek Nymphs: Myth, Cult, Lore,
222:the sanctuary until his days.
639:Mostratos, G. (2019), 250-251.
399:of the ancient city of Tegea.
1:
493:Voyatzis, M. (1999), 131-132.
392:Norwegian Institute at Athens
258:Cult and Icons in the Temple
734:Dodwell, E. (1819) 418-420.
958:
932:Temples in ancient Arcadia
604:Mostratos, G. (2019), 250.
165:, with the next one being
133:, and the Spartan general
912:Defining Ancient Arcadia,
895:Defining Ancient Arcadia,
853:, 5, 52-69, Plate II-IV.
449:McInerney, J. (2013), 56.
424:Pretzler, M. (2008), 147.
233:, the first priestess of
830:Classica et Mediaevalia,
595:Pretzler, M. (1999), 93.
313:; another side included
779:Leger, R. (2015) 20-21.
586:8.45.4, 4.1 and 2.47.1.
289:, who was the nurse of
743:Milchhӧfer, A. (1880).
670:Larsen, J. (2001) 155.
482:Description of Greece,
458:Østby, E. (2009), 6-7.
415:Østby, E. (2014b), 13.
337:, goddess of memory.
32:
24:
823:Artemis and Her Cult,
788:Østby, E. (2014a), 1.
723:Description of Greece
707:Description of Greece
694:Description of Greece
681:Description of Greece
650:Description of Greece
628:Description of Greece
615:Description of Greece
584:Description of Greece
568:Description of Greece
555:Description of Greece
544:Meyer, H. (1824), 99.
533:Description of Greece
520:Description of Greece
507:Description of Greece
438:Description of Greece
348:in Tegean territory.
37:Temple of Athena Alea
30:
22:
872:Being Peloponnesian,
770:Rhomaios, K. (1909).
509:3..6, 2.17.7, 3.7.8.
185:on the plain of the
175:Calydonian boar hunt
800:Dodwell, E. (1819)
752:Mendel, G. (1901).
370:painter and author
346:Ares Gynaecothoenas
181:' fighting against
177:and the local hero
39:was a sanctuary at
846:Dresden: Whalter.
814:Larson, J. (2001)
293:and the mother of
285:, the local nymph
51:under the epithet
33:
31:The temple in 2017
25:
927:Temples of Athena
842:Meyer, H. (1824)
821:Leger, R. (2015)
761:Dugas, C. (1921).
207:Forum of Augustus
949:
867:90.4, 425-430.
789:
786:
780:
777:
771:
768:
762:
759:
753:
750:
744:
741:
735:
732:
726:
716:
710:
703:
697:
690:
684:
683:8. 45. 4 - 47. 4
677:
671:
668:
662:
659:
653:
646:
640:
637:
631:
624:
618:
611:
605:
602:
596:
593:
587:
577:
571:
570:8. 45. 4 - 47. 4
564:
558:
557:8. 45. 4 - 47. 4
551:
545:
542:
536:
529:
523:
516:
510:
500:
494:
491:
485:
478:
472:
465:
459:
456:
450:
447:
441:
431:
425:
422:
416:
413:
167:Corinthian order
61:tenth century BC
957:
956:
952:
951:
950:
948:
947:
946:
917:
916:
811:, 45, 335-435.
798:
793:
792:
787:
783:
778:
774:
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765:
760:
756:
751:
747:
742:
738:
733:
729:
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713:
704:
700:
691:
687:
678:
674:
669:
665:
661:Norman, (1986).
660:
656:
647:
643:
638:
634:
625:
621:
612:
608:
603:
599:
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590:
578:
574:
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552:
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543:
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530:
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517:
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479:
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466:
462:
457:
453:
448:
444:
432:
428:
423:
419:
414:
410:
405:
364:
260:
143:
77:
47:, dedicated to
17:
12:
11:
5:
955:
953:
945:
944:
939:
934:
929:
919:
918:
839:, 25, 241-81.
797:
794:
791:
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:
727:
711:
698:
685:
672:
663:
654:
641:
632:
619:
606:
597:
588:
572:
559:
546:
537:
524:
511:
495:
486:
473:
469:The Histories,
460:
451:
442:
426:
417:
407:
406:
404:
401:
372:Edward Dodwell
363:
360:
259:
256:
142:
139:
129:, the Spartan
76:
73:
45:Ancient Greece
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
954:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
915:
913:
908:
906:
901:
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896:
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884:
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873:
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826:
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819:
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731:
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724:
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664:
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645:
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636:
633:
629:
623:
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563:
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541:
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525:
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512:
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487:
483:
477:
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455:
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435:
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427:
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418:
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402:
400:
397:
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388:
386:
382:
378:
373:
369:
361:
359:
357:
352:
349:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:, the son of
276:
271:
269:
265:
257:
255:
253:
249:
245:
239:
236:
232:
228:
223:
220:
216:
210:
208:
205:to adorn the
204:
200:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:of different
156:
152:
148:
140:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
90:
87:, the son of
86:
82:
74:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
29:
21:
911:
909:
904:
902:
899:
894:
892:
887:
885:
880:
878:
871:
869:
864:
862:
857:
855:
850:
848:
843:
841:
836:
834:
829:
827:
822:
820:
815:
813:
808:
806:
801:
799:
796:Bibliography
784:
775:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
722:
714:
706:
701:
693:
688:
680:
675:
666:
657:
649:
644:
635:
627:
622:
614:
609:
600:
591:
583:
575:
567:
562:
554:
549:
540:
532:
527:
519:
514:
506:
498:
489:
481:
476:
468:
463:
454:
445:
437:
429:
420:
411:
389:
380:
365:
353:
350:
339:
272:
261:
244:Manthurenses
240:
224:
211:
191:
144:
120:
93:
78:
57:Greek temple
36:
34:
832:64, 49-80.
705:Pausanias,
566:Pausanias,
553:Pausanias,
531:Pausanias,
518:Pausanias,
480:Pausanias,
467:Herodotus,
362:Excavations
235:Athena Alea
171:Ionic order
163:Doric order
151:Peloponnese
147:Doric order
131:Leotychides
53:Athena Alea
921:Categories
907:, 303-16.
692:Pausanias
679:Pausanias
648:Pausanias
626:Pausanias
613:Pausanias
403:References
396:Erik Østby
114:architect
719:Pausanias
696:8.47.2-3.
580:Pausanias
503:Pausanias
434:Pausanias
335:Mnemosyne
331:the Muses
311:Anthrakia
264:Asclepius
248:Enkelados
135:Pausanias
100:Herodotus
81:Pausanias
905:Praktika
522:2. 17. 7
342:Marpessa
279:Amythaon
275:Melampus
227:Heracles
219:Atalanta
217:heroine
215:Arkadian
203:Augustus
183:Achilles
179:Telephos
127:Chryseis
89:Apheidas
725:8. 47.2
709:8.47.4.
652:8.47.1.
630:8.47.2.
617:8.46.1.
535:3. 5. 6
484:8.45.4.
471:1.66.4.
440:8. 4.5.
356:puberty
333:and of
323:Alkinoe
307:Theisoa
268:Hygieia
194:Endoeus
155:columns
108:394 BCE
104:Spartan
96:Archaic
75:History
69:Laconia
65:Argolid
385:French
377:German
327:Phrixa
299:Glauke
187:Caycus
159:orders
123:asylum
116:Scopas
112:Parian
49:Athena
942:Tegea
368:Irish
319:Hagno
287:Oinoe
85:Aleus
41:Tegea
325:and
309:and
303:Neda
291:Zeus
283:Rhea
252:Alea
231:Auge
229:and
199:Rome
67:and
35:The
315:Ide
295:Pan
201:by
137:.
43:in
923::
721:,
582:,
505:,
436:,
358:.
321:,
317:,
305:,
301:,
209:.
189:.
71:.
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