136:
383:
115:
305:. The false trunks can reach up to 6 metres (20 ft) in height and up to 50 centimetres (20 in) in diameter. Small leaves grew from various points across the height of the trunk. This is in contrast to most
348:
would consist of a single stem, which would begin to branch off distally. A "mantle" of adventitious roots would then develop around the stems to support them. Later on, many of the stems would begin to
1109:
740:
finds were thought to be exclusive to the
Northern Hemisphere until specimens were discovered in Argentina and Australia, in 2003 and 2005, respectively.
1096:
353:, while the adventitious roots would still provide support and absorb water for the grown plant. This growth pattern has also been hypothesized for
879:"Tempskya in the Valanginian of South America (Mulichinco Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina) — Systematics, palaeoclimatology and palaeoecology"
788:
446:
is the sole member of the family
Tempskyaceae. The family has been placed in the order "Filicales", which is now split into a number of orders of
1178:
336:
specimens shows that those with the largest trunks have the smallest number of stems, and vice versa. From this, a possible growth pattern of
1012:
938:
847:
756:
were frequently found fluvial deposited in gravel pits in
Germany. Its origin is not clear, in part they came certainly from Czech sites
659:
Tidwell and
Hebbert,1992 Cedar Mountain Formation, Burro Canyon Formation, Utah, United States, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
1173:
779:
1163:
135:
557:
417:
239:
925:
478:, while other species have an inner cortex with either discontinuous or continuous layers of sclerenchyma.
1064:
561:
547:
1168:
1135:
713:
489:
447:
390:
274:
190:
963:"A new tree fern stem, Tempskya zhangii sp. nov. (Tempskyaceae) from the Cretaceous of Northeast China"
519:
836:"Oldest Known Dicotyledonous Lianas From the Early Late Cretaceous of Utah and New Mexico, U.S.A."
962:
930:
878:
813:
805:
723:
579:
269:. Fossils have been found across both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The growth habit of
130:
1140:
273:
was unlike that of any living fern or any other living plant, consisting of multiple conjoined
1122:
1114:
1036:
1008:
1000:
934:
843:
835:
1127:
974:
898:
890:
797:
650:
608:
565:
533:
455:
321:
503:
643:
Arnold,1945 Kootenai
Formation, Montana, Oregon and Utah, United States, Early Cretaceous
617:
Ash and Read, 1976 Mojado
Formation, New Mexico, United States, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
745:
290:
278:
200:
160:
1157:
475:
471:
350:
72:
817:
623:
Tidwell and
Hebbert 1992 Burro Canyon Formation, Utah, United States, mid Cretaceous
894:
630:
600:
382:
978:
593:
Read and Brown 1937 Bear River
Formation, Wyoming, United States, Late Cretaceous
523:
47:
1087:
840:
Plants in
Mesozoic time : morphological innovations, phylogeny, ecosystems
569:
451:
298:
266:
255:
92:
57:
842:(illustrated ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 271.
703:
634:
493:
409:
355:
341:
306:
262:
97:
17:
420:
in 1845, from specimens found in what is now the Czech
Republic. The four
1081:
665:
Arnold, 1945 Utah, Wyoming and Colorado, United States, Lower Cretaceous?
604:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
671:
Yang, Liu et Cheng, 2017 Songliao Basin, Heliongjiang, China, Cretaceous
1101:
903:
809:
421:
371:
102:
77:
926:
Prehistoric life : the definitive visual history of life on earth
370:
is thought to have grown in lowland environments close to water, like
537:
394:
318:
1058:
512:
Nishida, 2001 Taneichi Formation, Japan, Late Cretaceous (Santonian)
309:, where typically large leaves grow from the top of the trunk. Thin
114:
1043:. Washington: United States Government Printing Office. p. 108
801:
749:
518:
Tidwell et Wright, 2003 emend. MartĂnez, MartĂnez and Olivo, 2015
381:
258:
147:
470:
species into two groups, those with a simple cortex with only a
310:
302:
180:
170:
1062:
1007:(2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Academic Press. pp. 457–459.
1005:
Paleobotany : the biology and evolution of fossil plants
999:
Taylor, Thomas N.; Taylor, Edith L.; Krings, Michael (2009).
690:
Corda, 1845 Germany, Czech Republic, France, Lower Cretaceous
587:
Continuous bands of sclerenchyma in the inner cortex group:
961:
Yang, Xiaonan; Liu, Fengxiang; Cheng, Yeming (April 2018).
877:
MartĂnez, Leandro C.A.; Olivo, Mariana S. (August 2015).
778:
Tidwell, William D.; Hebbert, Naomi (September 1992).
324:
show that they covered the upper part of the trunk.
1071:
1041:
New Upper Cretaceous Ostreidae From the Gulf Region
1037:"American Cretaceous Ferns of the Genus Tempskya"
277:stems enmeshed within roots that formed a "false
696:Velenovsky, 1888 Czech Republic, Cenomanian (?)
536:, New Mexico, United States, Early Cretaceous (
424:originally described by Corda were, in order:
408:by Stokes and Webb, who considered it to be a
454:, based on morphological similarities of the
8:
726:, Maryland, United States, Lower Cretaceous
313:have been discovered for the first time on
1059:
633:, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Valanginian to
568:, Utah, United States, Cretaceous (Albian-
458:and spores to some members of that order.
125:fossil slab and reconstruction on display
113:
31:
902:
744:fossils have also been discovered in the
550:, Wyoming, United States, Late Cretaceous
450:. They have been suggested to members of
332:Examination of cross sections of various
578:Seward, 1924 Montana and Utah (possibly
404:was originally described in 1824 as the
789:International Journal of Plant Sciences
773:
771:
769:
765:
829:
827:
684:Corda, 1845 Czech Republic, Cretaceous
653:, Australia, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
923:Palmer, Douglas; et al. (2009).
883:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
780:"Species of the Cretaceous Tree Fern
7:
994:
992:
990:
988:
956:
954:
952:
950:
918:
916:
914:
872:
870:
868:
866:
929:(1st American ed.). New York:
482:Parenchymatous inner cortex group:
297:was actually a large collection of
1035:Stephenson, Lloyd William (1936).
611:) United States, Early Cretaceous?
317:specimens; the more commonly seen
25:
1001:"Ferns and Early Fernlike Plants"
582:) United States, Early Cretaceous
532:Ash et Read, Ash and Read, 1976
502:Kidston and Gwynne Vaughan, 1911
220:Read et Brown ex L.C.A. MartĂnez
134:
522:, Argentina, Early Cretaceous (
506:, Kazakhstan, Upper Cretaceous?
895:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.04.002
1:
1179:Fossil taxa described in 1845
979:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.11.016
649:Clifford and Dettmann, 2005
716:, England, Lower Cretaceous
340:has been suggested: at the
328:Hypothesized growth pattern
40:Temporal range: Cretaceous
1195:
706:, Germany, Late Cretaceous
556:Tidwell and Hebbert, 1992
492:, Japan, Late Cretaceous (
131:Scientific classification
129:
121:
112:
34:
702:Hosius and Marck, 1880,
558:Cedar Mountain Formation
466:Most taxonomists divide
418:August Carl Joseph Corda
389:sp. - Reconstruction at
834:Gee, Carole T. (2010).
712:,Stokes et Webb, 1915,
629:Barale and Viera, 1989
562:Burro Canyon Formation
448:leptosporangiate ferns
397:
265:that lived during the
27:Extinct genus of ferns
1136:Paleobiology Database
714:Lower Greensand Group
663:Tempskya wyomingensis
546:Read and Brown, 1937
474:inner cortex without
400:The first fossils of
391:MUSE - Science Museum
385:
275:dichotomous branching
43:Valanginian–Santonian
548:Bear River Formation
520:Mulichinco Formation
434:Tempskya microrrhiza
315:Tempskya wyomingense
967:Cretaceous Research
576:Tempskya knowltonii
516:Tempskya dernbachii
430:Tempskya macrocaula
1174:Ferns of Argentina
931:Dorling Kindersley
724:Patapsco Formation
688:Tempskya schimperi
580:Kootenai Formation
490:Taneichi Formation
486:Tempskya iwatensis
438:Tempskya schimperi
398:
303:adventitious roots
1164:Cretaceous plants
1151:
1150:
1123:Open Tree of Life
1065:Taxon identifiers
1014:978-0-12-373972-8
940:978-0-7566-5573-0
849:978-0-253-35456-3
700:Tempskya cretacea
657:Tempskya stichkae
647:Tempskya judithae
641:Tempskya wesselii
615:Tempskya reesidei
530:Tempskya zellerii
406:Endogenites erosa
267:Cretaceous period
247:
246:
243:
221:
16:(Redirected from
1186:
1144:
1143:
1131:
1130:
1118:
1117:
1105:
1104:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1050:
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1032:
1026:
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1021:
996:
983:
982:
958:
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944:
920:
909:
908:
906:
874:
861:
860:
858:
856:
831:
822:
821:
775:
694:Tempskya varians
682:Tempskya pulchra
669:Tempskya zhangii
651:Winton Formation
627:Tempskya riojana
609:Lakota Formation
597:Tempskya superba
591:Tempskya grandis
566:Dakota Formation
554:Tempskya jonesii
534:Mojado Formation
510:Tempskya uemurae
500:Tempskya rossica
426:Tempskya pulchra
374:and riverbanks.
238:
231:
219:
214:
139:
138:
117:
107:
44:
32:
21:
1194:
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1189:
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933:. p. 286.
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876:
875:
864:
854:
852:
850:
833:
832:
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776:
767:
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735:
720:Tempskya whitei
677:Incertae sedis:
621:Tempskya readii
464:
380:
365:
330:
287:
237:
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133:
108:
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55:
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42:
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12:
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5:
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1027:
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984:
946:
939:
910:
862:
848:
823:
802:10.1086/297057
796:(3): 513–528.
764:
763:
761:
758:
746:Czech Republic
734:
731:
730:
729:
728:
727:
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710:Tempskya erosa
707:
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612:
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544:Tempskya minor
541:
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488:Nishida, 1986
472:parenchymatous
463:
460:
379:
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364:
361:
329:
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301:surrounded by
286:
283:
245:
244:
227:
223:
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210:
206:
205:
202:incertae sedis
198:
194:
193:
188:
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181:Polypodiopsida
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171:Polypodiophyta
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722:Berry, 1991,
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599:Arnold, 1958
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469:
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431:
427:
423:
419:
416:was named by
415:
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161:Tracheophytes
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54:
49:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1169:Polypodiales
1072:
1045:. Retrieved
1040:
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1004:
970:
966:
924:
886:
882:
853:. Retrieved
839:
793:
787:
781:
753:
741:
737:
736:
733:Fossil sites
719:
709:
699:
693:
687:
681:
676:
668:
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656:
646:
640:
631:Enciso Group
626:
620:
614:
601:Dawes County
596:
590:
575:
553:
543:
529:
515:
509:
499:
485:
476:sclerenchyma
467:
465:
443:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
413:
412:. The genus
405:
401:
399:
386:
367:
366:
354:
345:
337:
333:
331:
314:
294:
288:
270:
250:
249:
248:
233:
232:
216:Tempskyaceae
215:
201:
191:Polypodiidae
154:
122:
35:
29:
18:Tempskyaceae
973:: 188–199.
904:11336/49538
889:: 116–131.
524:Valanginian
285:Description
1158:Categories
1047:25 January
1020:24 January
855:25 January
784:from Utah"
760:References
748:,2002 and
607:(possibly
570:Cenomanian
452:Cyatheales
322:leaf bases
319:fossilized
307:tree ferns
187:Subclass:
167:Division:
704:Westfalia
635:Barremian
494:Santonian
410:palm tree
356:Psaronius
342:sporeling
263:tree fern
144:Kingdom:
1088:Q3983361
1082:Wikidata
1073:Tempskya
818:55654367
782:Tempskya
754:Tempskya
742:Tempskya
738:Tempskya
605:Nebraska
504:Mugadjar
468:Tempskya
444:Tempskya
414:Tempskya
402:Tempskya
387:Tempskya
378:Taxonomy
372:wetlands
368:Tempskya
346:Tempskya
338:Tempskya
334:Tempskya
295:Tempskya
271:Tempskya
251:Tempskya
234:Tempskya
209:Family:
123:Tempskya
36:Tempskya
1128:4738678
1115:1046068
1102:4888279
810:2995693
752:,1986.
462:Species
456:petiole
422:species
363:Ecology
344:stage,
256:extinct
226:Genus:
197:Order:
177:Class:
148:Plantae
1141:207953
1011:
937:
846:
816:
808:
538:Albian
436:, and
395:Trento
311:leaves
254:is an
1110:IRMNG
814:S2CID
806:JSTOR
750:Japan
351:decay
299:stems
291:trunk
279:trunk
259:genus
240:Corda
155:Clade
1097:GBIF
1049:2012
1022:2012
1009:ISBN
935:ISBN
857:2012
844:ISBN
289:The
242:1845
48:Preęž’
975:doi
899:hdl
891:doi
887:219
798:doi
794:153
393:in
293:of
281:".
261:of
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1125::
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1099::
1084::
1039:.
1003:.
987:^
971:84
969:.
965:.
949:^
913:^
897:.
885:.
881:.
865:^
838:.
826:^
812:.
804:.
792:.
786:.
768:^
603:,
564:,
560:,
440:.
432:,
428:,
359:.
157::
98:Pg
1051:.
1024:.
981:.
977::
943:.
907:.
901::
893::
859:.
820:.
800::
637:)
572:)
540:)
526:)
496:)
230:â€
213:â€
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