860:"(3)(A) an irritating or blistering agent has been applied, internally or externally, by a person to any limb of a horse, (B) any burn, cut, or laceration has been inflicted by a person on any limb of a horse, (C) any tack, nail, screw, or chemical agent has been injected by a person into or used by a person on any limb of a horse, or (D) any other substance or device has been used by a person on any limb of a horse or a person has engaged in a practice involving a horse, and, as a result of such application, infliction, injection, use, or practice, such horse suffers, or can reasonably be expected to suffer, physical pain or distress, inflammation, or lameness when walking, "
916:(D-TN), with 216 co-sponsors. On November 13, 2013 a hearing was held. Supporters included the American Horse Council, the American Veterinary Medical Association, members of the TWHBEA, the International Walking Horse Association, and Friends of Sound Horses. Opponents included members of the Performance Horse Show Association, and the Tennessee Commissioner of Agriculture. The legislation did not pass in the 113th Congress and was reintroduced in 2015 for the 114th Congress. In 2016, the USDA proposed new rules independent of the PAST Act, banning stacks and chains, and providing stricter inspections at training barns, auctions, and shows.
374:, but significantly faster. While a horse performing a flat walk moves at 4 to 8 miles per hour (6.4 to 12.9 kilometres per hour), the running walk allows the same horse to travel at 10 to 20 miles per hour (16 to 32 kilometres per hour). In the running walk, the horse's rear feet overstep the prints of its front feet by 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 centimetres), with a longer overstep being more prized in the Tennessee Walking Horse breed. While performing the running walk, the horse nods its head in rhythm with its gait. Besides the flat and running walks, the third main gait performed by Tennessee Walking Horses is the
853:(USDA). Violations of the HPA may result in criminal charges, fines and prison sentences. The USDA certifies certain Horse Industry Organizations (HIOs) to train and license Designated Qualified Persons (DQPs) to complete inspections. APHIS inspection teams, which include inspectors, investigators, and veterinary medical officers, also conduct unannounced inspections of some horse shows, and have the authority to revoke the license of a DQP who does not follow the standards of the Act.
807:
925:
267:, abusive practices which can be used to enhance the Big Lick movement prized in the show ring. Despite the law, some horses are still being abused. The controversy over continuing soring practices has led to a split within the breed community, criminal charges against a number of individuals, and the creation of separate breed organizations. Congressional legislation to strengthen the Act has been introduced with broad support, but has yet to be enacted.
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40:
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842:. This developed during the 1950s and became widespread in the 1960s, resulting in a public outcry against it. Congress passed the Horse Protection Act in 1970, declaring the practice to be "cruel and inhumane". The Act prohibits anyone from entering a sored horse into a show, sale, auction or exhibition, and prohibits drivers from transporting sored horses to a sale or show.
476:
693:
429:. CSNB is characterized by an inability to see in low light conditions. Horses may also be reluctant to move at night and may struggle to find food and water. It is a non-progressive condition that is present from birth. No treatment is available, however management strategies, such as leaving a light on at night can be used to assist affected animals. The
619:
900:. Some trainers use topical anesthetics, which are timed to wear off before the horse goes into the show ring. Pressure shoeing is also used, eliminating use of chemicals altogether. Trainers who sore their horses have been observed leaving the show grounds when they find that the more stringent federal inspection teams are present.
276:
896:, assessing its stance and palpating the lower legs. Some trainers trick inspectors by training horses not to react to the pain that palpation may cause, often by severely punishing the horse for flinching when the sored area is touched. The practice is sometimes called "stewarding", in reference to the
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breeds as well as the
Tennessee Walker. However, the NWHA was sued by the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders & Exhibitors Association (TWHBEA), which eventually won some concessions regarding the use of the TWHBEA's copyrighted registry certificates by the NWHA. While the judgment did not prohibit
903:
Although illegal under federal law for more than 40 years, soring is still practiced; criminal charges have been filed against people who violate the Act. Enforcement of the HPA is difficult, due to limited inspection budgets and problems with lax enforcement by inspectors who are hired by the shows
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The
Tennessee Walking Horse Heritage Society is a group dedicated to the preservation of the original Tennessee Walker bloodlines, mainly for use as trail and pleasure horses, rather than for showing. Horses listed by the organization descend from the foundation bloodstock registered by the TWHBEA.
876:
conducted research as to the effect of applications of chemical and physical irritants to the legs of
Tennessee Walking Horses. The study found that chains of any weight, used in combination with chemical soring, produced lesions and pain in horses. However, chains of 6 ounces or lighter, used on
950:
Two organizations have formed to promote the exhibition of flat-shod horses. The
National Walking Horse Association (NWHA) promotes only naturally gaited horses in its sanctioned horse shows, has its own rule book, and is the official USEF affiliate organization for the breed. The NWHA sanctions
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as "any boot, collar, chain, roller, or other device which encircles or is placed upon the lower extremity of the leg of a horse in such a manner that it can either rotate around the leg, or slide up and down the leg so as to cause friction, or which can strike the hoof, coronet band or fetlock
708:
and
English tack. At shows where both divisions are offered, the flat-shod "plantation pleasure" division is judged on brilliance and show presence of the horses while still being well mannered, balanced, and manageable. "Park pleasure" is the most animated of the flat-shod divisions. Flat-shod
907:
In 2013, legislation to amend and strengthen the HPA was introduced in
Congress. The President and executive committee of the TWHBEA voted to support this legislation, but the full board of directors chose not to. The bi-partisan bill, H.R. 1518, was sponsored by Representative
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Performance horses, sometimes called "padded" or "built up", exhibit flashy and animated gaits, lifting their forelegs high off the ground with each step. This exaggerated action is sometimes called the "Big Lick". The customary style for rider attire and tack is
990:, each August since 1939. It is considered the showcase competition for the breed. In the early 21st century, the Celebration has attracted large amounts of attention and controversy due to the concerns about violations of the Horse Protection Act.
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Two organizations promulgate rules for horse shows in which action devices are allowed: the
Walking Horse Owners Association (WHOA) and "S.H.O.W." ("Sound horses, Honest judging, Objective inspections, Winning fairly") which regulates the
2031:
740:. Horses are shod in double and triple-nailed pads, which are sometimes called "stacks". In the early 21st century, this form of shoeing is now prohibited at shows governed by the National Walking Horse Association (NWHA), and the
487:
362:
The
Tennessee Walking Horse has a reputation for having a calm disposition and a naturally smooth riding gait. While the horses are famous for flashy movement, they are popular for trail and pleasure riding as well as show.
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considered to originate wholly or partly in Canada and the United States. Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively from those
244:
was held. In the early 21st century, this annual event attracted considerable attention and controversy because of issues linked to abuse of horses that was practiced to enhance their performance in the show ring.
283:
The modern
Tennessee Walking Horse is described as "refined and elegant, yet solidly built". It is a tall horse with a long neck. The head is well-defined, with small, well-placed ears. The breed averages 14.3 to
576:
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1484:
1834:
1138:
190:. It is a popular riding horse due to its calm disposition, smooth gaits and sure-footedness. The Tennessee Walking Horse is often seen in the show ring, but is also popular as a pleasure and
904:
they were to police. As a result, while in 1999 there were eight certified HIOs, by 2010, only three organizations remained certified as HIOs, all known to be actively working to end soring.
2816:
1903:
2118:
252:, exhibit less exaggerated movement. Performance horses are shod with built-up pads or "stacks", along with other weighted action devices, creating the so-called "Big Lick" style. The
767:
driving classes, with grooming similar to the saddle seat horses. In classes where horses are turned out in saddle seat equipment, it is typical for the horse to be shown in a single
248:
The two basic categories of
Tennessee Walking Horse show competition are called "flat-shod" and "performance", distinguished by desired leg action. Flat-shod horses, wearing regular
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The NWHA was in the process of building its own "tracking registry" to document both pedigree and performance achievements of horses recorded there. These included the
759:
classes, and exhibitors may not mix English and Western-style equipment. Riders must wear a hat or helmet in western classes. Tennessee Walkers are also shown in both
943:
The USEF does not currently recognize or sanction any Tennessee Walking Horse shows. In 2013 it banned the use of action devices and stacks at any time in any class.
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and farms, they were used for riding, pulling and racing. They were known for their smooth gaits and sure-footedness on the rocky Tennessee terrain. Over the years,
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in 1947, meaning that since that date every Tennessee Walker must have both its dam and stud registered in order to be eligible for registration. In 1950, the
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was born in 1904. Able to perform several ambling gaits, Roan Allen became a successful show horse, and in turn sired several famous Tennessee Walking Horses.
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983:
241:
2212:
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1480:
1933:
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The Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' Association was formed in 1935. To reflect interest in showing horses, the name was changed in 1974 to the current
1274:"Whole-genome sequencing identifies missense mutation in GRM6 as the likely cause of congenital stationary night blindness in a Tennessee Walking Horse"
288:(59 to 68 inches, 150 to 173 cm) high and 900 to 1,200 pounds (410 to 540 kg). The shoulders and hip are long and sloping, with a short
1830:
845:
Congress delegated statutory responsibility for enforcement to the management of sales and horse shows, but placed administration of the act with the
1142:
1896:
1272:
Hack, Yael L.; Crabtree, Elizabeth E.; Avila, Felipe; Sutton, Roger B.; Grahn, Robert; Oh, Annie; Gilger, Brian; Bellone, Rebecca R. (March 2021).
2239:
850:
588:
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296:. The hindquarters are of "moderate thickness and depth", well-muscled, and it is acceptable for the hind legs to be slightly over-angulated,
1413:
936:, and the breed industry's compliance with the Horse Protection Act has resulted in the development of multiple governing organizations. The
402:
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2832:
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2154:
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253:
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X-ray shows nails attaching the shoe pads that also add additional weight and could create pressure on the sole of the foot, a type of
1964:
1805:
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A "big lick" Tennessee Walker wearing legal action devices in 2013. This horse passed strict USDA inspection to be allowed to compete.
1622:
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2693:
1606:
1023:
677:
522:
187:
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457:
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463:
1405:
The Official Horse Breeds Standards Guide: The Complete Guide to the Standards of All North American Equine Breed Associations
1164:
602:. As of 2005, 450,000 horses have been registered over the life of the TWHBEA, with annual registrations of 13,000–15,000 new
3048:
2057:
1522:
1095:
1990:
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an X-linked recessive condition which affects male horses, where external genitalia fails to develop the animal is sterile.
779:
more common to other saddle seat breeds. Riders wear typical saddle seat attire. Hats are not always mandatory, but use of
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1545:
1333:
646:. To promote this use, the TWHBEA maintains an awards program in conjunction with the American Endurance Ride Conference.
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competition are called "flat-shod" and "performance". Flat-shod horses compete in many different disciplines under both
260:
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Action devices, which remain legal but are often used in conjunction with illegal soring practices, are defined in the
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607:
1991:"Thermography in Diagnosis of Inflammatory Processes in Horses in Response to Various Chemical and Physical Factors"
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is kept by the TWHBEA, which promotes all riding disciplines within the breed, but does not sanction horse shows.
2208:
2177:
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1940:
3113:
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2918:
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Showing with single curb show bridle and braided ribbons added to mane and forelock, typical of English classes
913:
452:(PSSM1), a muscle disease which also affects several other breeds. It results in the abnormal accumulation of
2425:
812:
Built up pads, called "stacks", held on by a band over the top of the hoof, are used in performance divisions
3083:
3033:
2878:
834:
The showing, exhibition and sale of Tennessee Walking Horses and some other horse breeds is governed by the
664:'s horse "Silver" was at times played by a Tennessee Walker. "Trigger, Jr.", the successor to the original "
2928:
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classes, and in some harness classes, but generally are not allowed in pleasure or flat-shod competition.
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2913:
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classes, and in some harness classes, but generally are not allowed in pleasure or flat-shod competition.
599:
568:, due to his insistence on pacing, Black Allan was instead used for breeding. From his line, a foal named
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and some breed organizations now prohibit the use of stacks and action devices at shows they sanction.
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2615:
955:
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Trojans, was held at various times by a purebred Tennessee Walking Horse, and by a Tennessee Walker/
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1449:
749:
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545:
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1733:. Walking Horse Owners Association. February 2014. Archived from the original on October 30, 2014
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the NWHA from continuing its registry service, this is no longer advertised on the NWHA website.
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is allowed and ranges from strongly encouraged to required in some pleasure division classes.
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In 2000, the Tennessee Walking Horse was named the official state horse of the US state of
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of the breed. In 1935 the Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' Association was formed, and it
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equipment. Tennessee Walkers are also seen in movies, television, and other entertainment.
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39:
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The breed has also been featured in television, movies and other performing events. The
17:
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967:
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705:
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382:, including the rack, stepping pace, fox trot and single-foot, which are allowable for
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210:
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183:
2236:"Hearing: Legislative Hearing on "H.R. 1518, a bill to amend the Horse Protection Act"
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959:
878:
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are sometimes trimmed to a slightly lower angle with more natural toe than seen on
639:
557:
553:
534:
530:
526:
521:, and became known as "Tennessee Pacers". Originally used as all-purpose horses on
503:
460:), causing muscle pain, weakness, skin twitching, sweating, and reluctance to move.
438:
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Some Tennessee Walking Horses may be affected by the following genetic conditions:
379:
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289:
191:
182:
known for its unique four-beat running-walk and flashy movement. It was originally
179:
2736:
1968:
1102:
1997:
755:
Horses in western classes wear equipment similar to that used by other breeds in
598:. It is the third most-common breed in Kentucky, behind the Thoroughbred and the
370:. This is a four-beat gait with the same footfall pattern as a regular, or flat,
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2319:. Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders and Exhibitor's Association. Archived from
1775:. Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders and Exhibitor's Association. Archived from
884:
806:
714:
701:
672:, was played by a Tennessee Walker named Allen's Gold Zephyr. The position of
669:
650:
627:
569:
371:
340:
297:
1831:"Use of Action Devices and Performance Packages for Tennessee Walking Horses"
1548:. Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders and Exhibitors Association. Archived from
1299:
1193:. Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders and Exhibitors Association. Archived from
1167:. Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders and Exhibitors Association. Archived from
1101:. Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders and Exhibitors Association. Archived from
1071:. Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders and Exhibitors Association. Archived from
947:
Pedigrees may not include horses that have been shown with stacks post-1976.
425:
gene and is believed to inhibit the ability of the ON-bipolar cell to uptake
2948:
2676:
2637:
772:
710:
595:
514:
475:
249:
2720:
2703:
1307:
259:
In addition, the Tennessee Walking Horse is the breed most affected by the
120:
Unique running-walk, tall, long neck; calm disposition; long, straight head
1659:. 8.2. National Walking Horse Association. January 1, 2015. Archived from
1481:"Sale of Tennessee Walking Horses at Kentucky Horse Park Proceeds Quietly"
692:
2147:"Injured walking horses will not be eligible for breeders incentive fund"
2111:"74th Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration ends, not controversy"
1384:
1072:
971:
966:
Friends of Sound Horses (FOSH) also promotes exhibition of flat-shod and
453:
434:
433:
of CSNB2 in Tennessee Walking Horses is reported to be about 10%, horses
409:
406:
332:
234:
1575:
1385:"Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) | Veterinary Genetics Laboratory"
1220:
724:
Tennessee Walking Horses are typically shown with a long mane and tail.
618:
412:
condition that has been found in some Tennessee Walking Horses. It is a
3088:
437:
for CSNB2 are affected, while a significantly larger number of animals
367:
356:
2559:
1728:"Walking Horse Owners Association Official Rulebook Pleasure Division"
1290:
1273:
818:
3198:
3128:
2786:
2346:
1514:
America's Horses: A Celebration of the Horse Breeds Born in the U.S.A
1358:
933:
839:
825:
796:
445:
is available to aid in diagnosis, management, and breeding decisions.
375:
264:
2585:
2024:"I Am Jose wins 2nd straight Walking Horse Celebration championship"
279:
Exhibiting the typical long neck, sloping shoulder, and correct head
486:
386:
but penalized in the show ring. A few Tennessee Walking Horses can
3068:
923:
883:
713:, and are not allowed to use pads or action devices, though their
691:
649:
In the 20th century, the Tennessee Walking Horse was crossed with
617:
510:
485:
474:
348:
274:
153:
2669:
The Echo of Hoofbeats: The History of the Tennessee Walking Horse
1365:. Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis
502:
horses brought from Kentucky to Tennessee starting in 1790, with
482:, the foundation stallion of the family that produced Black Allan
1691:"Rule Book Divisions and Class Rules & Requirements Section"
768:
603:
421:
378:. Some members of the breed perform other variations of lateral
275:
218:
205:
The breed was developed beginning in the late 18th century when
2805:
2782:
TWHAWC – Tennessee Walking Horse Association of Western Canada
2287:"Decoding the HPA, PAST Act, and New Proposed HPA Regulations"
1599:
Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America
1094:
Meadows, Doyle; Whitaker, Dave; Baker, Randall; Osborne, Sis.
1016:
Storey's Illustrated Guide to 96 Horse Breeds of North America
577:
Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association
134:
Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association
2451:
591:
recognized the Tennessee Walking Horse as a distinct breed.
2769:
951:
horse shows and licenses judges, and is an authorized HIO.
748:
are seen in "performance" classes, on full-grown horses in
728:
are seen in "performance" classes, on full-grown horses in
2345:. Tennessee Walking Horse Heritage Society. Archived from
1654:"National Walking Horse Association Rules and Regulations"
1042:. Canadian Registry of the Tennessee Walking Horse. 2015.
970:. It licenses judges for both pleasure classes and gaited
606:. While the Tennessee Walking Horse is most common in the
2781:
2611:
217:
from Texas. Other breeds were later added, and in 1886 a
213:
from the eastern United States were crossed with gaited
133:
2507:
974:, promotes use of gaited horses in distance riding and
2372:
138:
2396:"USEF links with walking horse group | Business"
564:
of the Tennessee Walking Horse breed. A failure as a
2428:. National Walking Horse Association. Archived from
2371:. National Walking Horse Association. Archived from
1860:"2013 United States Equestrian Federation Rule Book"
1574:. American Endurance Ride Conference. Archived from
1063:
1061:
700:
The two basic categories of Tennessee Walking Horse
626:
The Tennessee Walker is noted for its appearance in
3207:
2851:
1625:. University of Southern California. Archived from
1141:. International Museum of the Horse. Archived from
124:
116:
108:
90:
76:
71:
63:
49:
2140:
2138:
2136:
1928:
1926:
1924:
892:Soring can be detected by observing the horse for
494:The Tennessee Walker originated from the cross of
366:The Tennessee Walking Horse is best known for its
1891:
1889:
1887:
1804:. The Humane Society of the United States. 2013.
1453:. State of Tennessee. p. 524. Archived from
932:Controversies over shoeing rules, concerns about
856:Soring is defined by the HPA with four meanings:
2713:Care and Training of the Tennessee Walking Horse
1722:
1720:
1718:
1685:
1683:
1681:
2452:"FAQ > Didn't NWHA get sued for doing this?"
775:under 9.5 inches (24 cm), rather than the
2262:"Summary: S.1121 — 114th Congress (2015-2016)"
2104:
2102:
2100:
1334:"Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB)"
877:their own, produced no pain, tissue damage or
3267:Horse breeds originating in the United States
2817:
1865:. United States Equestrian Federation. 2013.
1648:
1646:
1644:
8:
2833:Horse breeds of Canada and the United States
2612:"Dear Friend of the Tennessee Walking Horse"
1408:. Minneapolis: Voyageur Press. p. 324.
984:Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration
838:(HPA) due to concerns about the practice of
548:(later known as Allan F-1) was born. By the
242:Tennessee Walking Horse National Celebration
32:
27:American horse breed noted for a smooth gait
2640:. The Tennessee Walking Horse Celebration.
2479:"Walking Horse Groups in Copyright Dispute"
2058:"EQUUS Special Report: Why Soring Persists"
1833:. American Veterinary Medical Association.
1572:"Breed Awards Offered for Endurance Riding"
622:Flat-shod horse performing the running walk
552:Allendorf (from the Hambletonian family of
456:, leading to a breakdown of muscle fibers (
441:for the condition are unaffected carriers.
2824:
2810:
2802:
2426:"Tracking Registry: Gait and Conformation"
1483:. Lexington Herald-Leader (cross-posted).
847:Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
560:mare named Maggie Marshall, he became the
101:(59 to 68 inches, 150 to 173 cm)
38:
31:
2560:"Home: What is FOSH Gaited Sport Horses?"
2209:"TWHBEA President Backs Anti-Soring Bill"
1764:
1762:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1289:
1244:"Go Gaited! Tennessee Walking Horse FAQs"
2792:Video depicting different show divisions
2787:Tennessee Walking Horse Heritage Society
2686:Biography of the Tennessee Walking Horse
2586:"WHOA: Walking Horse Owners Association"
2369:"The National Walking Horse Association"
2051:
2049:
1825:
1823:
1511:Harris, Moira C.; Langrish, Bob (2006).
1327:
1325:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
83:900 to 1,200 pounds (410 to 540 kg)
2502:
2500:
2454:. The World Walking Horse Association.
1854:
1852:
1267:
1265:
1018:. Storey Publishing. pp. 246–249.
999:
851:United States Department of Agriculture
589:United States Department of Agriculture
2644:from the original on February 25, 2016
2514:from the original on February 21, 2016
2485:from the original on February 25, 2016
2458:from the original on February 25, 2016
2406:from the original on February 25, 2016
2188:from the original on February 25, 2016
2157:from the original on February 25, 2016
2086:
2075:
1872:from the original on February 25, 2016
1837:from the original on September 5, 2015
1770:"Tennessee Walking Horses: The Basics"
1744:
1487:from the original on February 25, 2016
1422:from the original on December 22, 2015
1246:. Trail Rider Magazine. Archived from
978:activities, and is an authorized HIO.
638:equipment, but is also a very popular
610:, it is found throughout the country.
2770:World Walking Horse Association, Inc.
2618:from the original on October 29, 2014
2540:from the original on January 18, 2016
2477:Wood, Thomas E. (December 12, 2006).
2242:from the original on December 4, 2013
2215:from the original on December 3, 2013
2121:from the original on January 15, 2015
1934:"History of the Horse Protection Act"
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
630:events, particularly performances in
403:Congenital Stationary Night Blindness
7:
2588:. Walking Horse Owners Association.
2566:from the original on October 6, 2013
2508:"Welcome to Friends Of Sound Horses"
390:, and have a long, reaching stride.
2176:Patton, Janet (November 11, 2009).
2145:Patton, Janet (September 9, 2009).
2034:from the original on August 6, 2020
1996:. Auburn University. Archived from
1808:from the original on March 25, 2013
1696:. SHOW. August 2013. Archived from
986:. The Celebration has been held in
742:United States Equestrian Federation
541:blood was also added to the breed.
327:are found, as are colors caused by
254:United States Equestrian Federation
225:was born. He is now considered the
2592:from the original on June 30, 2013
1909:from the original on March 8, 2013
1601:. Storey Publishing. p. 284.
1479:Patton, Janet (January 26, 2013).
1046:from the original on March 7, 2013
139:National Walking Horse Association
25:
2056:Meszoly, Joanne (November 2005).
2022:Cirillo, Chip (August 31, 2014).
678:University of Southern California
188:plantations in the American South
44:Flat-shod Tennessee Walking Horse
2749:
2735:
2394:Patton, Janet (August 5, 2010).
817:
805:
513:. These horses were bred on the
458:Equine exertional rhabdomyolysis
315:patterns. Common colors such as
2234:Raia, Pat (November 13, 2013).
2178:"Walking horse rules supported"
2109:Sohn, Pam (September 2, 2012).
464:Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
450:Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy
263:. It prohibits the practice of
186:as a riding horse on farms and
3049:Kentucky Mountain Saddle Horse
1442:"Tennessee Symbols and Honors"
347:genes. Pinto patterns include
1:
2765:USDA Horse Protection Program
1517:. Globe Pequot. p. 195.
1338:School of Veterinary Medicine
709:horses are shown in ordinary
2115:Chattanooga Times Free Press
1897:"Horse Protection Factsheet"
920:Show rules and organizations
836:Horse Protection Act of 1970
793:Horse Protection Act of 1970
608:southern and southeastern US
307:They are found in all solid
261:Horse Protection Act of 1970
2562:. Friends of Sound Horses.
2536:. Friends of Sound Horses.
2153:. Lexington Herald-Leader.
1332:Young, Amy (June 8, 2020).
912:(R-KY), and Representative
866:Code of Federal Regulations
3293:
2775:December 31, 2018, at the
2207:Raia, Pat (May 30, 2013).
1802:"Tennessee Walking Horses"
1546:"TWHBEA Endurance Program"
790:
3238:
2839:
1751:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1278:Equine Veterinary Journal
1191:"History and Description"
1139:"Tennessee Walking Horse"
1096:"Evaluation conformation"
642:horse. Some are used for
147:
129:
37:
3277:Tennessee Walking Horses
3114:North American Sportpony
3059:Lac La Croix Indian Pony
2919:American Sorraia Mustang
2894:American Miniature Horse
1219:. TWHBEA. Archived from
18:Tennessee Walking Horses
3184:Tennessee Walking Horse
3084:Mountain Pleasure Horse
2400:Lexington Herald-Leader
2182:Lexington Herald-Leader
2060:. EQUUS. Archived from
1939:. APHIS. Archived from
1597:Dutson, Judith (2005).
1402:Lynghaug, Fran (2009).
1014:Dutson, Judith (2005).
872:Between 1978 and 1982,
657:, a gaited pony breed.
168:Tennessee Walking Horse
117:Distinguishing features
33:Tennessee Walking Horse
3124:Pryor Mountain mustang
2914:American Shetland Pony
2904:American Quarter Horse
2869:American Belgian Draft
2864:American Bashkir Curly
2684:Green, Ben A. (1960).
2291:American Horse Council
2085:Cite journal requires
988:Shelbyville, Tennessee
929:
889:
862:
746:Artificially set tails
726:Artificially set tails
697:
623:
600:American Quarter Horse
491:
483:
280:
3039:Florida Cracker Horse
2969:Camarillo White Horse
2934:American Walking Pony
2929:American Spotted Paso
2889:American Indian Horse
2534:"IJA Judging Program"
1703:on September 22, 2015
927:
887:
858:
695:
655:American Walking Pony
621:
489:
478:
278:
271:Breed characteristics
112:Any color permissible
3242:List of horse breeds
3174:Spotted Saddle Horse
3154:Spanish Jennet Horse
3144:Rocky Mountain Horse
3119:Pony of the Americas
3064:Missouri Fox Trotter
2999:Carolina Marsh Tacky
2989:Canadian Sport Horse
2984:Canadian Rustic Pony
2944:American White Horse
2899:American Paint Horse
2879:American Crème Horse
2874:American Cream Draft
2757:United States portal
2667:Womack, Bob (1973).
2064:on September 9, 2014
1979:9 C.F.R. § 1.11
1666:on February 25, 2016
1075:on February 26, 2012
956:Spotted Saddle Horse
787:Horse Protection Act
490:Black Allan in 1905.
154:Equus ferus caballus
3194:Virginia Highlander
3094:National Show Horse
2909:American Saddlebred
2884:American Drum Horse
2688:. Parthenon Press.
2003:on February 2, 2014
1460:on February 1, 2013
1450:Tennessee Blue Book
1040:"Breed description"
539:American Saddlebred
240:In 1939, the first
207:Narragansett Pacers
34:
3230:Narragansett Pacer
2994:Canadian Warmblood
2939:American Warmblood
2859:Alberta Wild Horse
2711:Webb, Joe (1962).
2481:. Nashville Post.
2317:"About the TWHBEA"
2297:on August 25, 2018
2238:. docs.house.gov.
1197:on August 31, 2012
930:
898:horse show steward
890:
698:
624:
496:Narragansett Pacer
492:
484:
281:
3272:Tennessee culture
3249:
3248:
3034:Cumberland Island
3014:Chincoteague Pony
2638:"The Celebration"
2614:. S.H.O.W., Inc.
2432:on August 7, 2004
2323:on March 12, 2013
1578:on March 12, 2013
1415:978-1-61673-171-7
1291:10.1111/evj.13318
1250:on March 26, 2013
1242:Jahiel, Jessica.
1223:on March 12, 2013
1171:on March 12, 2013
874:Auburn University
696:Western equipment
668:" made famous by
417:missense mutation
194:horse using both
164:
163:
64:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
3284:
3024:Colonial Spanish
2924:American Spotted
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757:western pleasure
676:, mascot of the
644:endurance riding
519:Middle Tennessee
507:Spanish Mustangs
431:allele frequency
215:Spanish Mustangs
172:Tennessee Walker
156:
97:14.3 to 17
53:Tennessee Walker
42:
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3225:Conestoga Horse
3203:
3164:Spanish Mustang
3104:Nez Perce Horse
3079:Morocco Spotted
3029:Colorado Ranger
2954:Assateague Pony
2847:
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2777:Wayback Machine
2755:
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968:barefoot horses
922:
849:(APHIS) of the
832:
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789:
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562:foundation sire
556:) and out of a
480:Hambletonian 10
473:
443:Genetic testing
396:
384:pleasure riding
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227:foundation sire
211:Canadian Pacers
160:
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125:Breed standards
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2343:"Introduction"
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2028:The Tennessean
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500:Canadian Pacer
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3262:Horse breeds
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3183:
3179:Standardbred
3159:Spanish Barb
3149:Sable Island
3134:Quarter Pony
3099:Newfoundland
2852:Contemporary
2843:horse breeds
2797:Sire Summary
2712:
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2648:February 25,
2646:. Retrieved
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2151:kentucky.com
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765:fine harness
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651:Welsh ponies
648:
640:trail riding
625:
593:
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535:Thoroughbred
531:Standardbred
517:pastures of
493:
439:heterozygous
420:
397:
368:running-walk
365:
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331:such as the
306:
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247:
239:
204:
192:trail riding
180:gaited horse
171:
167:
165:
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3044:Kanata Pony
1969:§ 1821
1369:October 11,
1217:"The Breed"
976:sport horse
914:Steve Cohen
771:bit with a
738:saddle seat
719:stock horse
688:Horse shows
662:Lone Ranger
632:saddle seat
546:Black Allan
523:plantations
292:and strong
223:Black Allan
50:Other names
3256:Categories
2846:countries.
2671:. Dabora.
1623:"Traveler"
1524:1592288936
791:See also:
711:horseshoes
670:Roy Rogers
628:horse show
570:Roan Allen
435:homozygous
298:cow-hocked
250:horseshoes
3220:Chickasaw
2949:Appaloosa
2570:March 12,
2436:March 12,
2410:March 12,
2192:March 12,
2068:March 17,
1950:March 12,
1913:March 12,
1902:. APHIS.
1841:March 12,
1812:March 12,
1491:March 12,
1316:220500585
1300:0425-1644
994:Footnotes
881:changes.
773:bit shank
596:Tennessee
581:stud book
544:In 1886,
515:limestone
427:glutamate
414:recessive
407:heritable
337:champagne
237:in 1947.
184:developed
2974:Canadian
2773:Archived
2677:37529291
2642:Archived
2622:March 7,
2616:Archived
2596:March 7,
2590:Archived
2564:Archived
2538:Archived
2512:Archived
2483:Archived
2456:Archived
2404:Archived
2379:March 7,
2327:March 7,
2240:Archived
2213:Archived
2186:Archived
2155:Archived
2119:Archived
2032:Archived
1904:Archived
1876:March 7,
1867:Archived
1835:Archived
1806:Archived
1786:March 7,
1747:cite web
1633:March 3,
1582:March 3,
1556:March 3,
1485:Archived
1464:March 2,
1420:Archived
1359:"PSSM-1"
1308:32654228
1254:March 1,
1227:March 7,
1201:March 1,
1175:March 1,
1165:"Colors"
1149:March 1,
1112:March 1,
1079:March 1,
1044:Archived
972:dressage
894:lameness
869:joint".
761:pleasure
744:(USEF).
721:breeds.
674:Traveler
550:stallion
454:glycogen
325:chestnut
294:coupling
284:17
235:studbook
3208:Extinct
3089:Mustang
2721:9290742
2704:1297065
2353:May 20,
2219:June 6,
2007:May 20,
1343:May 24,
706:western
684:cross.
682:Arabian
666:Trigger
634:-style
471:History
448:Type 1
419:in the
410:genetic
357:tobiano
200:Western
196:English
3199:Welara
3129:Quarab
3109:Nokota
3074:Morgan
2964:Blazer
2959:Banker
2719:
2702:
2692:
2675:
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1412:
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1306:
1298:
1022:
934:soring
840:soring
826:soring
797:Soring
750:halter
730:halter
715:hooves
585:closed
558:Morgan
527:Morgan
504:gaited
394:Health
376:canter
353:sabino
309:colors
265:soring
231:closed
221:named
91:Height
77:Weight
72:Traits
57:Walker
3189:Tiger
3069:Morab
2001:(PDF)
1994:(PDF)
1944:(PDF)
1937:(PDF)
1907:(PDF)
1900:(PDF)
1870:(PDF)
1863:(PDF)
1780:(PDF)
1773:(PDF)
1731:(PDF)
1701:(PDF)
1694:(PDF)
1664:(PDF)
1657:(PDF)
1458:(PDF)
1445:(PDF)
1312:S2CID
1106:(PDF)
1099:(PDF)
604:foals
511:Texas
349:overo
341:cream
321:black
313:pinto
286:hands
176:breed
174:is a
109:Color
99:hands
2717:OCLC
2700:OCLC
2690:ISBN
2673:OCLC
2650:2016
2624:2013
2598:2013
2572:2013
2546:2016
2520:2016
2491:2016
2464:2016
2438:2013
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2381:2013
2355:2013
2329:2013
2303:2016
2273:2016
2248:2013
2221:2013
2194:2013
2163:2016
2127:2016
2091:help
2070:2013
2040:2015
2009:2013
1952:2013
1915:2013
1878:2013
1843:2013
1814:2013
1788:2013
1753:link
1739:2016
1709:2016
1672:2016
1635:2013
1603:ISBN
1584:2013
1558:2013
1532:2016
1519:ISBN
1493:2013
1466:2013
1428:2015
1410:ISBN
1371:2022
1345:2022
1304:PMID
1296:ISSN
1256:2013
1229:2013
1203:2013
1177:2013
1151:2013
1114:2013
1081:2013
1052:2015
1020:ISBN
958:and
795:and
769:curb
763:and
702:show
614:Uses
583:was
537:and
498:and
422:GRM6
388:trot
372:walk
355:and
343:and
323:and
290:back
233:the
219:foal
209:and
198:and
166:The
1286:doi
333:dun
317:bay
300:or
178:of
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