90:
1823:
1573:
3477:
1648:
357:
102:
364:
336:
1379:
1102:
329:
1285:
1781:. Although many native residents died during the siege of Tenochtitlan, the indigenous still had a strong presence in the city, and were settled in two main areas of the island, designated San Juan Tenochtitlan and Santiago Tlatelolco, each with a municipal council that functioned the entire colonial period. San Juan Tenochtitlan was a Spanish administrative creation, which amalgamated four indigenous sections, with each losing territory to the Spanish
280:
1738:
1531:
1875:, was dismantled and the central district of the Spanish colonial city was constructed on top of it. The great temple was destroyed by the Spanish during the construction of a cathedral. The location of the Templo Mayor was rediscovered in the early 20th century, but major excavations did not take place until 1978–1982, after utility workers came across a massive stone disc depicting the nude dismembered body of the moon goddess
304:
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1050:
1839:
1850:
76:
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1629:, who was left in charge, worried that the natives planned a surprise attack. He captured three natives and tortured them until they said that this was indeed planned to happen. During the festival, the Spaniards came heavily armed and closed off every exit from the courtyard so that no one would escape. This happened during their last days in Tenochtitlan.
1510:
Although some popular sources put the number as high as 350,000 the most common estimates of the population are of over 200,000 people. One of the few comprehensive academic surveys of
Mesoamerican city and town sizes arrived at a population of 212,500 living on 13.5 km (5.2 sq mi). It
713:") and is often thought to mean, "Among the prickly pears rocks." However, one attestation in the late 16th-century manuscript known as "the Bancroft dialogues" suggest the second vowel was short, so that the true etymology remains uncertain. However, it is also thought that the city was named after
1803:
There are a number of colonial-era pictorial manuscripts dealing with
Tenochtitlan–Tlatelolco, which shed light on litigation between Spaniards and indigenous over property. An account with information about the war of Tenochtitlan against its neighbor Tlatelolco in 1473 and the Spanish conquest in
1684:
When they arrived, they were captured and two were killed, the other two escaping through the woods. Upon their return to Vera Cruz, the officer in charge was infuriated, and led troops to storm Almería. Here they learned that
Moctezuma was supposedly the one who ordered the officers executed. Back
1914:
In August 1987, archaeologists discovered a mix of 1,789 human bones five meters (16 ft 5 in) below street level in Mexico City. The burial dates back to the 1480s and lies at the foot of the main temple in the sacred ceremonial precinct of the Aztec capital. The bones are from children,
1681:, asking to become a vassal of the Spaniards. He requested that officials be sent to him so that he could confirm his submission. To reach the province, the officers would have to travel through hostile land. The officer in charge of Vera Cruz decided to send four officers to meet with Qualpopoca.
1353:
Status was displayed by the location and type of house where a person lived. Ordinary people lived in houses made of reeds plastered with mud and roofed with thatch. People who were better off had houses of adobe brick with flat roofs. The wealthy had houses of stone masonry with flat roofs. They
798:
The city was connected to the mainland by bridges and causeways leading to the north, south, and west. The causeways were interrupted by bridges that allowed canoes and other water traffic to pass freely. The bridges could be pulled away, if necessary, to protect the city. The city was interlaced
940:
When we saw so many cities and villages built in the water and other great towns on dry land we were amazed and said that it was like the enchantments (...) on account of the great towers and cues and buildings rising from the water, and all built of masonry. And some of our soldiers even asked
1793:
in a checker board pattern, with straight streets and plazas at intervals, whereas the indigenous portions of the city were irregular in layout and built of modest materials. In the colonial period both San Juan
Tenochtitlan and Santiago Tlatelolco retained jurisdiction over settlements on the
1655:
They were then brought to a large house that would serve as their home for their stay in the city. Once they were settled, Moctezuma himself sat down and spoke with Cortés. The great ruler declared that anything that they needed would be theirs to have. He was thrilled to have visitors of such
1722:
to which they had no immunity. Symptoms were often delayed for up to ten days, when the infection would spread throughout the body, causing sores, pain, and high fever. People were weak to the point that they could not move, nor obtain food and water. Burial of the dead became difficult to
1472:
arrived in
Tenochtitlan on 8 November 1519. Although there are not precise numbers, the city's population has been estimated at between 200,000 and 400,000 inhabitants, placing Tenochtitlan among the largest cities in the world at that time. Compared to the cities of Europe, only
1393:
people, founded in 1325. The state religion of the Mexica civilization awaited the fulfillment of an ancient prophecy: the wandering tribes would find the destined site for a great city whose location would be signaled by an eagle with a snake in its beak perched atop a cactus
1369:
is a group of families related by either kinship or proximity. These groups consist of both elite members of Aztec society and commoners. Elites provided commoners with arable land and nonagricultural occupations, and commoners performed services for chiefs and gave tribute.
1814:- and Spanish-language testaments. On the 13th of August 1521, after over two months of fighting,Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés succeeded in bringing about the fall of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec empire, and consequently brought an end to the Aztec empire
1800:) were able to gain their autonomy with their own rulers and separate relationship with the Spanish rulers. Concern about the health of the indigenous population in early post-conquest Mexico–Tenochtitlan led to the founding of a royal hospital for indigenous residents.
1751:
Cortés founded the
Spanish capital of Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan. Despite the extensive damage to the built environment, the site retained symbolic power and legitimacy as the capital of the Aztec empire, which Cortés sought to appropriate. For a time this
1700:
for over 90 days, causing a famine. Having gained control, he then directed the systematic destruction and leveling of the city; and began its rebuilding, despite opposition. The reconstruction involved the creation of a central area designated for
Spanish use (the
1902:
was located in the ruins. This stone is 4 meters (13 ft 1 in) in diameter and weighs over 18.1 metric tons (20 short tons; 17.9 long tons). It was once located half-way up the great pyramid. This sculpture was carved around 1470 under the rule of King
1511:
is also said that at one time, Moctezuma had rule over an empire of almost five million people in central and southern Mexico because he had extended his rule to surrounding territories to gain tribute and prisoners to sacrifice to the gods.
1882:
The ruins, constructed over seven periods, were built on top of each other. The resulting weight of the structures caused them to sink into the sediment of Lake
Texcoco; the ruins now rest at an angle instead of horizontally.
1116:
In the center of the city were the public buildings, temples, and palaces. Inside a walled square, 500 meters (1,600 ft) to a side, was the ceremonial center. There were about 45 public buildings, including: the
1774:
or town council, which had jurisdiction over the
Spanish residents. The Spanish established a Europeans-only zone in the center of the city, an area of 13 blocks in each direction of the central plaza, which was the
3561:
580:. The exact date of the founding of the city is unclear, but the date 13 March 1325 was chosen in 1925 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the city. The city was built on an island in what was then
3531:
89:
2934:
2325:
Bernal Diaz Del
Castillo, "The Discovery And Conquest Of Mexico 1517 1521", Edited by Genaro Garcia, Translated with an Introduction and Notes?, pp. 269–, A. P. Maudslay, first pub 1928
3014:
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1026:
reported that they were wide enough for ten horses. Surrounding the raised causeways were artificial floating gardens with canal waterways and gardens of plants, shrubs, and trees. The
1723:
impossible, due to the pervasiveness of the people's illness. The people of Tenochtitlan began to starve and weaken. The death toll rose steadily over the course of the next 60 days.
941:
whether the things that we saw were not a dream? (...) I do not know how to describe it, seeing things as we did that had never been heard of or seen before, not even dreamed about.
1383:
1354:
most likely made up the house complexes that were arranged around the inner court. The higher officials in Tenochtitlan lived in the great palace complexes that made up the city.
1093:
provides a more conservative population estimate of 20,000 on ordinary days and 40,000 on feast days. There were also specialized markets in the other central Mexican cities.
3536:
1691:, Cortés detained Moctezuma and questioned him. Though no serious conclusions were reached, this negatively affected the relationship between Moctezuma and the Spaniards.
3273:. XVI Congreso Internacional de Planificación y de la Habitación. Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 1938.
3556:
3541:
1656:
stature. Although the Spaniards were seeking gold, Moctezuma expressed that he had very little of the sort, but all of it was to be given to Cortés if he desired it.
1176:
Outside was the palace of Moctezuma with 100 rooms, each with its own bath, for the lords and ambassadors of allies and conquered people. Also located nearby was the
38:
3194:, vol. 1. edited by W.T. Sanders et al., 149–202. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; University Park: Pennsylvania State University 2003.
888:. This was intended mainly for cleaning and washing. For drinking, water from mountain springs was preferred. Most of the population liked to bathe twice a day;
1173:; the Eagle's House, which was associated with warriors and the ancient power of rulers; the platforms for the gladiatorial sacrifice; and some minor temples.
894:
was said to take four baths a day. According to the context of Aztec culture in literature, the soap that they most likely used was the root of a plant called
1644:. Cortés dismounted and was greeted by the ruler and his lords, but forbidden to touch him. Cortés gave him a necklace of crystals, placing it over his neck.
1432:
A thriving culture developed, and the Mexica civilization came to dominate other tribes around Mexico. The small natural island was perpetually enlarged as
3184:. Eds. Pedro Carrasco and Johanna Broda, pp. 97–114. Mexico City: Centro de Investigaciones Superiores del Instituto de Antropología e Historia, 1978.
3511:
101:
2070:
http://www.famsi.org/research/pohl/sites/tenochtitlan.html#:~:text=Scholars%20estimate%20that%20between%20200%2C000,the%20mainland%20into%20the%20city
1242:. The aquarium had ten ponds of salt water and ten ponds of fresh water, containing various fish and aquatic birds. Places like this also existed in
356:
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3389:
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2905:
2618:
2303:
2141:
1292:
Tenochtitlan can be considered the most complex society in Mesoamerica in regard to social stratification. The complex system involved many
3476:
3162:
Townsend, Camilla. Malintzin's Choices: An Indian Woman in the Conquest of Mexico. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2006. Print.
1572:
3352:
224:
3187:
Calnek, Edward. "Tenochtitlan in the Early Colonial Period." Acts of the XLII International Congress of Americanists 8, 1976 (1979) 35–40.
49:
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2855:
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2238:
2170:
3050:
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mainland that they could draw on for labor and tribute demanded by the Spanish, but increasingly those subordinate settlements (
3521:
3516:
2842:
Glass, John B. in collaboration with Donald Robertson. "A Census of Native Middle American Pictorial Manuscripts". article 23,
2098:
1590:
chose to welcome Cortés as an ambassador rather than risk a war which might quickly be joined by aggrieved indigenous people.
3417:
3384:
3217:
577:
421:
3461:
3456:
3412:
3394:
2326:
1929:
1401:
3451:
1543:
121:
1331:
3010:
1891:
1023:
998:. There were three main streets that crossed the city, each leading to one of the three causeways to the mainland of
946:
787:, which by that time were gradually disappearing to the west; the city ended more or less at the present location of
1647:
3407:
3197:
3116:
2568:
1759:
1318:, or eagle nobles, were commoners who impressed the nobles with their martial prowess, and were treated as nobles.
1709:, continued to be governed by the previous indigenous elite and was divided into the same subdivisions as before.
3526:
3312:
3241:
Mundy, Barbara E. "Mapping the Aztec Capital: the 1524 Nuremberg Map of Tenochtitlan, Its Sources and Meanings."
1636:(4.83 km). Walking down the center came Moctezuma II, with two lords at his side, one his brother, the ruler of
847:
756:
covered an estimated 8 to 13.5 km (3.1 to 5.2 sq mi), situated on the western side of the shallow
45:
2866:
Glass and Robertson. "A Census of Native Middle American Pictorial Manuscripts". article 23, census #211 p. 167.
1939:
1924:
617:
612:
544:
1865:
1340:
were merchants who traveled all of Mesoamerica trading. The membership of this class was based on heredity.
1090:
1810:. Anthropologist Susan Kellogg has studied colonial-era inheritance patterns of Nahuas in Mexico City, using
3434:
3347:
3446:
3429:
3379:
3054:
1934:
1732:
1414:
1312:
were noblemen who were relatives of leaders and former leaders, and lived in the confines of the island.
1288:
Reconstruction of an Aztec market in Tenochtitlan in the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City.
3566:
3551:
3496:
1766:, to what he called "The City", with later historians building on his work. The Spaniards established a
1490:
1378:
1154:
1148:
1074:
931:
bath, which is still used in the south of Mexico. This was also popular in other Mesoamerican cultures.
772:
742:
665:
75:
1894:, is located at the site of Tenochtitlan's original central plaza and market, and many of the original
1879:. The disc is 3.25 meters (10 ft 8 in) in diameter, and is held at the Templo Mayor Museum.
1758:, the highest rank in the Spanish hierarchy of settlement designation, was called Mexico–Tenochtitlan.
1504:
1101:
3501:
3336:
3305:
1899:
1520:
1507:. Cortes' men were in awe at the sight of the splendid city and many wondered if they were dreaming.
1245:
873:
860:
593:
469:
220:
2186:
Biar, Alexandra (2021). "Navigation Paths and Urbanism in the Basin of Mexico Before the Conquest".
1465:, which was between 1486 and 1502, in a style that made it one of the grandest ever in Mesoamerica.
3441:
2295:
2103:
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1346:
could become very rich because they did not pay taxes, but they had to sponsor the ritual feast of
520:
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2986:
2825:
2562:
2505:
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were divided by channels used for transportation, with wood bridges that were removed at night.
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3205:
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3108:
3081:
3069:
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3028:
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2779:
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2587:
2550:
2540:
2489:
2442:
2299:
2289:
2259:
2234:
2203:
2166:
2145:
2137:
2129:
1769:
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1552:
972:
156:
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2195:
2023:
2018:
2004:
1982:
1968:
1678:
1235:
1054:
984:
790:
705:
700:
694:
585:
409:
1737:
852:. Estimated to be 12 to 16 km (7.5 to 9.9 mi) in length, the levee was completed
2539:. Denevan, William M. (2nd ed.). Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press. 1992.
1620:
1429:
system (misnamed as "floating gardens") for agriculture and to dry and expand the island.
1421:. Not deterred by the unfavourable terrain, they set about building their city, using the
1124:
915:
817:
2052:
1530:
303:
3280:. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archeology 20. Washington D.C., Dumbarton Oaks 1979.
3124:
2821:
2724:
1915:
teenagers and adults. A complete skeleton of a young woman was also found at the site.
1857:
1741:
Districts of Tenochtitlan overlaid on a map of modern streets of Mexico City, with the
1482:
1443:
1347:
1049:
166:
1838:
689:
3490:
3142:
3129:
3093:
3024:
2509:
2215:
1633:
604:
184:
2723:"The Colonial Spanish-American City: Urban Life in the Age of Atlantic Capitalism",
2108:
1876:
1872:
1842:
1587:
1454:
1418:
1324:
were the highest class, rulers of various parts of the empire, including the king.
1293:
1216:
1208:
1140:
1118:
1106:
757:
730:
589:
581:
405:
309:
207:
3328:
3020:
1849:
1447:
1442:. Commercial routes were developed that brought goods from places as far as the
1439:
1299:
1271:
1253:
883:
831:
115:
31:
3173:
Calnek, Edward. "Settlement Pattern and Chinampa Agriculture at Tenochtitlan."
1651:
Mexica pyramid of Ehecatl in the Metro Pino Suárez station, Mexico City Subway.
2808:
Leiby, John S. (1995). "The Royal Indian Hospital of Mexico City, 1553–1680".
2368:"Newspaper About the Country that the Spaniards Found in 1521, Called Yucatan"
2199:
1672:
1639:
1160:
1009:
877:
655:
629:
626:
are in the historic center of the Mexican capital. The World Heritage Site of
600:
3234:
3226:
3190:
Calnek, Edward. "Tenochtitlan-Tlatelolco: the Natural History of a City." In
3077:
3042:
2584:
Conquistador: Hernán Cortés, King Montezuma, and the Last Stand of the Aztecs
2554:
2493:
2446:
2207:
1911:, and is said to tell the history of the Mexicas and to prophesy the future.
436:
423:
136:
123:
17:
2470:"Myth, Environment, and the Orientation of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan"
1904:
1460:
1086:
902:
273:
3215:
Molina Montes, Augusto F. (December 1980). "The building of Tenochtitlan".
3085:
1887:
1632:
Nobles lined each side of the city's main causeway, which extended about a
2149:
1407:
The Mexica saw this vision on what was then a small swampy island in Lake
803:, so that all sections of the city could be visited either on foot or via
725:
1666:
1612:
1424:
1307:
1265:
1239:
1193:
The city had great symmetry. All constructions had to be approved by the
1185:
1168:
1038:
1017:
967:
922:
827:
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571:
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1396:
1224:
1034:
1001:
710:
685:
3291:
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2501:
2469:
1304:
were commoners who lived outside the island city of Tenochtitlan. The
1085:'s sister city. Cortés estimated it was twice the size of the city of
1486:
1478:
1390:
1228:
1132:
919:). Also, the upper classes and pregnant women washed themselves in a
714:
659:
533:
487:
313:
3269:
Toussaint, Manuel, Federico Gómez de Orozco, and Justino Fernández,
816:
was the largest of five interconnected lakes. Since it formed in an
3023:(trans.) (sixth printing (1973) ed.). Harmondsworth, England:
2982:
2969:
Cohen, Sara E. (March 1972). "How the Aztecs Appraised Montezuma".
2485:
1357:
Adding even more complexity to Aztec social stratification was the
2367:
1908:
1856:
1848:
1837:
1821:
1736:
1646:
1571:
1474:
1377:
1283:
1100:
1048:
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804:
800:
784:
777:. The city extended from north to south, from the north border of
724:
1350:
from the wealth that they obtained from their trade expeditions.
1389:
Tenochtitlan was the capital of the Mexican civilization of the
1220:
3301:
37:"México-Tenochtitlan" redirects here. For the bus station, see
3297:
3131:
American Holocaust: Columbus and the conquest of the New World
2850:. University of Texas Press 1975, census #209, 210 p. 166–167.
1524:
1231:. About 300 people were dedicated to the care of the animals.
1212:
739:
is the southern part of the main island. The northern part is
2136:
p. 225, Texas linguistic series, University of Texas, Austin
763:
At the time of Spanish conquests, Mexico City comprised both
3180:
Calnek, Edward. "El sistema de mercado en Tenochtitlan." In
3113:
La vida cotidiana de los aztecas en visperas de la conquista
2431:"Temptation and Glory in One Pima and Two Aztec Mythologies"
869:
and kept the brackish waters beyond the dike, to the east.
44:
For the municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, see
2353:
2351:
2349:
1165:
or rack of skulls; the Sun Temple, which was dedicated to
876:, each more than 4 km (2.5 mi) long and made of
1485:
might have rivaled it. It was five times the size of the
889:
880:, provided the city with fresh water from the springs at
3562:
16th-century disestablishments in the Aztec civilization
3257:
The Death of Aztec Tenochtitlan, the Life of Mexico City
3248:
Mundy, Barbara E. "Place-Names in Mexico-Tenochtitlan."
2776:
The Death of Aztec Tenochtitlan, the Life of Mexico City
1071:(marketplace), but there was also a main marketplace in
3182:
Economía política e ideología en el México prehispánico
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2884:
Law and the Transformation of Aztec Culture, 1500–1700
2093:
2091:
634:
contains what remains of the geography (water, boats,
3532:
14th-century establishments in the Aztec civilization
2107:(in Spanish). No. 54. p. 76. Archived from
1493:. In a letter to the Spanish king, Cortés wrote that
1438:
grew to become the largest and most powerful city in
1669:, the officer left in charge received a letter from
1609:. At this event the most prominent warriors of each
907:), and to clean their clothes they used the root of
3335:
3192:
El Urbanismo en Mesoamérica/Urbanism in Mesoamerica
1384:
monument commemorating the founding of Tenochtitlan
539:
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2971:Society for History Education: The History Teacher
594:captured by the Tlaxcaltec and the Spanish in 1521
2468:Aveni, A. F.; Calnek, E. E.; Hartung, H. (1988).
1199:, a functionary in charge of the city planning.
1121:, which was dedicated to the Aztec patron deity
3221:. Vol. 158, no. 6. pp. 753–764.
1762:devotes the final chapter of his classic work,
938:
3135:. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.
2607:Butterworth, Douglas; Chance, John K. (1981).
1111:National Museum of Anthropology of Mexico City
1033:The earliest European images of the city were
3313:
2537:The Native population of the Americas in 1492
2083:La Fundación de la Ciudad de México 1325–1925
1898:still correspond to modern city streets. The
1864:(The foundation of Mexico) – Tenochtitlán by
1805:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1767:
1753:
1742:
1105:A picture of Tenochtitlan and a model of the
788:
515:Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco
8:
3204:. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1964.
3055:"City Size in Late Post-Classic Mesoamerica"
2886:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1995.
1807:Anales de Mexico y Tlatelolco, 1473, 1521–22
992:, or 'big house', was crossed by streets or
588:. The city was the capital of the expanding
296:
3278:State and Cosmos in the Art of Tenochtitlan
2778:. Austin: University of Texas Press 2016.
2765:. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1964.
3320:
3306:
3298:
2964:. New York, New York: Thames & Hudson.
2727:, University of Texas Press, 2005, p. 20,
1787:. The Spanish laid out the streets of the
1457:, the city was rebuilt during the rule of
1053:The Tlatelolco Marketplace as depicted at
295:
100:
88:
56:
39:México-Tenochtitlan (Mexico City Metrobús)
3537:Populated places established in the 1320s
3259:. Austin: University of Texas Press 2015.
1617:would dance in front of a huge statue of
1446:, the Pacific Ocean and perhaps even the
957:The city was divided into four zones, or
844:" was constructed, reputedly designed by
48:. For the Mexico City Metro station, see
27:Former city-state in the Valley of Mexico
1871:Tenochtitlan's main temple complex, the
1705:). The outer Indian section, now dubbed
1089:with about 60,000 people trading daily.
106:First European map of Tenochtitlan, 1524
3557:1521 disestablishments in North America
3542:Populated places disestablished in 1521
2044:
1951:
1665:, Cortés came up against problems. At
1413:, a vision that is now immortalized in
237:
3148:. New York, New York: Crescent Books.
2560:
2218:– via Cambridge Journals Online.
2017:
2003:
1981:
1967:
983:
704:
693:
3003:Five Letters of Cortés to the Emperor
2962:Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs
2928:
2926:
1400:), which had grown from the heart of
538:
528:
518:
510:
501:
242:
216:
203:
193:
189:
94:Tenochtitlan and Lake Texcoco in 1519
7:
3005:. Morris J.Baynard (ed. and trans.).
2019:[meːˈʃíʔkotenoːt͡ʃˈtít͡ɬan̥]
461:Unclear date, declared 13 March 1325
363:
335:
2898:Archaeology of Native North America
2848:Handbook of Middle American Indians
2291:Handbook to life in the Aztec world
2134:An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl
2005:[meːˈʃíʔkotenot͡ʃˈtít͡ɬan̥]
988:, meaning "large house"); and each
2822:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1995.tb02021.x
25:
3512:Former populated places in Mexico
2752:Townsend, Camilla. 2006, 109–110.
2651:Townsend, Camilla. 2006. 102–103.
2524:A Very Short History of the World
2099:"Tenochtitlán, la capital Azteca"
1542:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
1182:, or house of the songs, and the
662:) on the island, the other being
592:in the 15th century until it was
50:Zócalo/Tenochtitlan metro station
3475:
3292:A Portrait of Tenochtitlan, 1518
2933:A.R. Williams (29 August 2012).
2844:Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources
1580:When Cortés and his men invaded
1529:
863:-fed water in the waters around
729:The western side of the shallow
599:At its peak, it was the largest
362:
355:
334:
327:
302:
278:
74:
2288:Aguilar-Moreno, Manuel (2006).
2085:Editorial CVLTURA pp. 5, 55, 56
965:was divided into 20 districts (
578:historic center of Mexico City
1:
3271:Planos de la Ciudad de México
3202:The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule
2763:The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule
2586:. Bantam Books. p. 106.
2081:Castillo Ledon, Luis (1925).
1930:List of Mesoamerican pyramids
1853:The ruins of the Templo Mayor
1845:of Mexico-Tenochtitlan ruins.
1764:The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule
1694:Cortés subsequently besieged
1332:slaves or indentured servants
853:
3547:Artificial islands of Mexico
3252:61 (2) Spring 2014. 329–355.
3144:Wonders of the Ancient World
2696:Cortés, Hernan. 1520, p. 73.
1576:The Conquest of Tenochtitlan
3115:(in Spanish). Mexico City:
2610:Latin American urbanization
1983:[tenoːt͡ʃˈtít͡ɬan̥]
610:. It subsequently became a
3583:
3507:Destroyed populated places
3408:Federal District buildings
3117:Fondo de Cultura Economica
2613:. CUP Archive. p. 2.
2419:Coe, M. 2008, pp. 194–196.
1969:[tenot͡ʃˈtít͡ɬan̥]
1730:
1714:
1696:
1687:
1671:
1661:
1638:
1619:
1611:
1601:
1595:
1582:
1518:
1495:
1459:
1434:
1409:
1270:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1167:
1159:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1123:
1081:
1073:
1016:
1008:
1000:
890:
882:
865:
846:
840:
822:
812:
779:
771:
765:
752:
741:
735:
664:
642:
628:
622:
559:
505:UNESCO World Heritage Site
371:Tenochtitlan (Mesoamerica)
225:Spanish conquest of Mexico
43:
36:
29:
3473:
3344:Administrative divisions
3016:The Conquest of New Spain
3011:Díaz del Castillo, Bernal
2900:. Boston: Prentice Hall.
2796:Aztecs Under Spanish Rule
2200:10.1017/S0956536121000328
951:The Conquest of New Spain
789:
684:was thought to come from
638:) of the Mexica capital.
551:
498:
321:
301:
253:
234:
190:
99:
87:
71:
66:
3140:Walker, Charles (1980).
3078:10.1177/0096144204274396
3068:(4). Beverly Hills, CA:
3062:Journal of Urban History
2960:Coe, Michael D. (2008).
2660:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 69.
2435:Journal of the Southwest
2429:Bahr, Donald M. (2004).
2357:Walker, C. 1980, p. 162.
1940:Portrait of Tenochtitlan
1925:List of megalithic sites
1892:Plaza de la Constitución
1555:may contain suggestions.
1540:may need to be rewritten
1024:Bernal Díaz del Castillo
947:Bernal Díaz del Castillo
678:Traditionally, the name
618:Viceroyalty of New Spain
525:Cultural: ii, iii, iv, v
343:Location of Tenochtitlan
206:• Formation of the
30:Not to be confused with
2743:Stannard, D. 1992, 109.
2714:Stannard, D. 1992, 214.
2705:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 77.
2687:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 72.
2678:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 70.
2669:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 71.
2410:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 89.
2401:Cortés, H. 1520, p. 87.
2010:
1996:
1974:
1960:
1659:Soon after arriving in
1423:
1365:
1359:
1342:
1336:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1211:also had two houses or
1203:Palaces of Moctezuma II
1195:
1184:
1178:
1067:
994:
976:
921:
909:
896:
859:. The levee kept fresh
699:
688:
680:
648:
620:. Today, the ruins of
570:
374:Show map of Mesoamerica
3522:Lake islands of Mexico
3517:History of Mexico City
2896:Snow, Dean R. (2010).
2567:: CS1 maint: others (
2256:The Conquest Of Mexico
2231:The Conquest Of Mexico
2163:The Conquest Of Mexico
2027:
1935:History of Mexico City
1868:
1854:
1846:
1835:
1806:
1796:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1768:
1754:
1748:
1743:
1733:History of Mexico City
1652:
1625:. The Spanish leader,
1577:
1386:
1289:
1219:and another for other
1113:
1058:
955:
830:. During the reign of
748:
646:was one of two Mexica
568:, was a large Mexican
46:Tenochtitlán, Veracruz
3276:Townsend, Richard F.
2372:World Digital Library
2343:Coe, M. 2008, p. 193.
2254:Thomas, Hugh (1994).
2229:Thomas, Hugh (1994).
2161:Thomas, Hugh (1994).
2011:Mēxihco Tenōchtitland
1907:, the predecessor of
1866:Roberto Cueva del Río
1860:
1852:
1841:
1825:
1740:
1718:were soon exposed to
1707:San Juan Tenochtitlan
1650:
1593:As Cortés approached
1575:
1519:Further information:
1468:Spanish conquistador
1415:Mexico's coat of arms
1381:
1287:
1104:
1091:Bernardino de Sahagún
1052:
728:
384:Alternative name
312:, main temple of the
153:Common languages
3423:Legislative Assembly
3403:Constituent Assembly
3177:37.1. (1973) 190–95.
3019:. Penguin Classics.
2945:on 1 September 2012.
2920:Walker, pp. 162–167
2642:Smith (2005), p. 411
2582:Levy, Buddy (2008).
2392:Coe, M. 2008, p. 193
1997:Mēxihco Tenochtitlan
1900:Aztec calendar stone
1834:, the Aztec capital.
1521:Fall of Tenochtitlan
985:[kaɬˈpoːlːi]
3413:Heads of government
3218:National Geographic
2939:National Geographic
2633:Stannard, D. (1992)
2296:Infobase Publishing
2188:Ancient Mesoamerica
2104:National Geographic
2059:. 9 September 2020.
2028:México-Tenochtitlan
1862:Fundación de México
1832:Mexico-Tenochtitlan
1755:ciudad de españoles
706:[ˈnoːtʃtɬi]
576:in what is now the
566:Mexico-Tenochtitlan
433: /
396:Mexico City, Mexico
387:Mexico-Tenochtitlan
298:
133: /
61:Mexico-Tenochtitlan
3255:Mundy, Barbara E.
3175:American Antiquity
3125:Stannard, David E.
3109:Soustelle, Jacques
2474:American Antiquity
1869:
1855:
1847:
1836:
1749:
1653:
1578:
1387:
1290:
1114:
1059:
749:
512:Official name
346:Show map of Mexico
196:• Foundation
3484:
3483:
3442:Metropolitan area
3070:SAGE Publications
3051:Smith, Michael E.
2935:"Venerable Bones"
2907:978-0-13-615686-4
2620:978-0-521-28175-1
2374:. 17 October 2011
2305:978-0-8160-5673-6
2142:978-0-2927-0365-0
2130:Frances Karttunen
1627:Pedro de Alvarado
1570:
1569:
1544:quality standards
1453:After a flood of
1234:There was also a
1129:and the Rain God
973:Nahuatl languages
799:with a series of
555:
554:
470:Conquered in 1521
437:19.433°N 99.133°W
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
157:Classical Nahuatl
137:19.433°N 99.133°W
16:(Redirected from
3574:
3527:Valley of Mexico
3479:
3467:Water management
3322:
3315:
3308:
3299:
3245:50 (1998), 1–22.
3238:
3159:
3147:
3136:
3134:
3120:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3059:
3046:
3006:
2994:
2965:
2947:
2946:
2941:. Archived from
2930:
2921:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2874:
2864:
2858:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2774:Barbara Munday,
2772:
2766:
2761:Charles Gibson,
2759:
2753:
2750:
2744:
2741:
2735:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2566:
2558:
2533:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2344:
2341:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2233:. pp. 3–5.
2226:
2220:
2219:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2158:
2152:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2111:on 22 March 2012
2095:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2049:
2032:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1956:
1809:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1773:
1757:
1746:
1717:
1716:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1677:, the leader of
1676:
1675:
1664:
1663:
1643:
1642:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1615:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1533:
1525:
1499:was as large as
1498:
1497:
1464:
1463:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1412:
1411:
1368:
1362:
1345:
1339:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1275:
1274:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1248:
1236:botanical garden
1198:
1189:
1181:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1157:court) with the
1152:
1151:
1144:
1143:
1137:; the temple of
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1097:Public buildings
1084:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1070:
1055:The Field Museum
1021:
1020:
1013:
1012:
1005:
1004:
997:
987:
982:
953:
926:
912:
899:
893:
892:
887:
886:
868:
867:
858:
855:
851:
850:
843:
842:
825:
824:
815:
814:
794:
793:
791:Avenida Bucareli
782:
781:
776:
775:
768:
767:
755:
754:
746:
745:
738:
737:
708:
697:
683:
669:
668:
653:
645:
644:
636:floating gardens
633:
632:
625:
624:
586:Valley of Mexico
575:
564:, also known as
562:
561:
479:Late Postclassic
448:
447:
445:
444:
443:
438:
434:
431:
430:
429:
426:
410:Valley of Mexico
375:
366:
365:
359:
347:
338:
337:
331:
306:
299:
282:
281:
270:
269:
255:
254:
148:
147:
145:
144:
143:
138:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
104:
92:
78:
57:
21:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3471:
3418:Law enforcement
3358:Barrios Mágicos
3331:
3326:
3288:
3283:
3214:
3198:Gibson, Charles
3169:
3167:Further reading
3156:
3139:
3123:
3107:
3098:
3096:
3057:
3049:
3035:
3009:
2997:
2968:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2882:Susan Kellogg,
2881:
2877:
2865:
2861:
2841:
2837:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2793:
2789:
2773:
2769:
2760:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2559:
2547:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2521:
2517:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2347:
2342:
2331:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2298:. p. 368.
2287:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2258:. p. 493.
2253:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2165:. p. 277.
2160:
2159:
2155:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2014:
2000:
1993:
1989:
1978:
1964:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1921:
1820:
1735:
1729:
1621:Huitzilopochtli
1566:
1560:
1557:
1547:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1376:
1334:. Finally, the
1282:
1205:
1125:Huitzilopochtli
1099:
1047:
980:
954:
945:
937:
927:, similar to a
916:Agave americana
856:
818:endorheic basin
723:
695:[ˈtetɬ]
676:
507:
442:19.433; -99.133
441:
439:
435:
432:
427:
424:
422:
420:
419:
379:
378:
377:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
367:
350:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
339:
317:
279:
246:
245:• Estimate
227:
210:
197:
142:19.433; -99.133
141:
139:
135:
132:
127:
124:
122:
120:
119:
118:
107:
95:
83:
82:
79:
62:
53:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3580:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3462:Transportation
3459:
3457:Street vendors
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3397:
3395:Gentrification
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3367:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3341:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3294:by Thomas Kole
3287:
3286:External links
3284:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3265:978-1477317136
3253:
3246:
3239:
3212:
3210:978-0804709125
3195:
3188:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3154:
3137:
3121:
3105:
3047:
3033:
3007:
2999:Cortés, Hernán
2995:
2983:10.2307/491417
2966:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2922:
2913:
2906:
2888:
2875:
2859:
2835:
2816:(3): 573–580.
2800:
2798:, pp. 368–377.
2787:
2784:978-1477317136
2767:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2725:Jay Kinsbruner
2716:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2619:
2599:
2593:978-0553384710
2592:
2574:
2545:
2528:
2515:
2486:10.2307/281020
2460:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2359:
2345:
2329:
2318:
2304:
2280:
2271:
2264:
2246:
2239:
2221:
2178:
2171:
2153:
2122:
2087:
2074:
2062:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
1987:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1886:Mexico City's
1819:
1816:
1760:Charles Gibson
1731:Main article:
1728:
1725:
1712:The people of
1568:
1567:
1537:
1535:
1528:
1516:
1513:
1483:Constantinople
1444:Gulf of Mexico
1382:A Mexico City
1375:
1372:
1294:social classes
1281:
1280:Social classes
1278:
1207:The palace of
1204:
1201:
1098:
1095:
1046:
1043:
943:
936:
933:
848:Nezahualcoyotl
841:Nezahualcoyotl
722:
719:
675:
672:
553:
552:
549:
548:
541:
537:
536:
531:
527:
526:
523:
517:
516:
513:
509:
508:
503:
500:
499:
496:
495:
491:
490:
485:
481:
480:
477:
473:
472:
467:
463:
462:
459:
455:
454:
450:
449:
417:
413:
412:
403:
399:
398:
393:
389:
388:
385:
381:
380:
370:
361:
360:
354:
353:
352:
351:
342:
333:
332:
326:
325:
324:
323:
322:
319:
318:
307:
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181:Historical era
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167:Aztec religion
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3369:Architecture
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3353:Neighborhoods
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3048:
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3040:
3036:
3034:0-14-044123-9
3030:
3026:
3025:Penguin Books
3022:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3008:
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2872:0-292-70154-3
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2856:0-292-70154-3
2853:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2810:The Historian
2804:
2801:
2797:
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2733:0-292-70668-5
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2546:9780299134334
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2267:
2265:0-7126-6079-8
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2250:
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2240:0-7126-6079-8
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2209:
2205:
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2182:
2179:
2174:
2172:0-7126-6079-8
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2147:
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2126:
2123:
2110:
2106:
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2100:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
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2075:
2071:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2012:
2006:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1970:
1962:
1955:
1952:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1897:
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1889:
1884:
1880:
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1833:
1829:
1824:
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1813:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1747:shown in gray
1745:
1739:
1734:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1679:Nueva Almería
1674:
1668:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1564:
1561:November 2020
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1538:This section
1536:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1488:
1484:
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1476:
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1470:Hernán Cortés
1466:
1462:
1456:
1451:
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1445:
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1430:
1427:
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1416:
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1398:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1348:Xocotl Huetzi
1344:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1255:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:birds of prey
1214:
1210:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:calmimilocatl
1191:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1142:
1134:
1126:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1041:around 1522.
1040:
1037:published in
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1011:
1003:
996:
991:
986:
978:
974:
970:
969:
964:
960:
952:
948:
942:
934:
932:
930:
925:
924:
918:
917:
911:
906:
904:
898:
885:
879:
875:
870:
862:
849:
837:
833:
829:
819:
808:
806:
802:
796:
792:
786:
774:
761:
759:
744:
732:
727:
720:
718:
716:
712:
707:
703:
702:
698:("rock") and
696:
692:
691:
687:
682:
673:
671:
667:
661:
657:
652:
651:
639:
637:
631:
619:
615:
614:
609:
606:
605:pre-Columbian
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
574:
573:
567:
563:
550:
546:
542:
535:
532:
524:
522:
514:
506:
497:
492:
489:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
446:
418:
414:
411:
407:
404:
400:
397:
394:
390:
386:
382:
358:
330:
320:
315:
311:
308:Ruins of the
305:
300:
277:
275:
272:
271:
268:
266:
265:
262:
259:
257:
256:
252:
248:
233:
229:
226:
222:
212:
209:
199:
186:
185:Pre-Columbian
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
146:
117:
114:
110:
103:
98:
91:
86:
77:
70:
65:
58:
55:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
18:Tenochititlan
3567:Aztec Empire
3552:Razed cities
3497:Tenochtitlan
3277:
3270:
3256:
3250:Ethnohistory
3249:
3242:
3216:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3174:
3143:
3130:
3112:
3097:. Retrieved
3065:
3061:
3053:(May 2005).
3015:
3002:
2977:(3): 21–30.
2974:
2970:
2961:
2954:Bibliography
2943:the original
2938:
2916:
2897:
2891:
2883:
2878:
2862:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2795:
2790:
2775:
2770:
2762:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2629:
2609:
2602:
2583:
2577:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2522:Blainey, G.
2518:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2376:. Retrieved
2371:
2362:
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2290:
2283:
2274:
2255:
2249:
2230:
2224:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2162:
2156:
2133:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:the original
2102:
2082:
2077:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2029:
1990:
1975:Tenōchtitlan
1961:Tenochtitlan
1954:
1913:
1895:
1885:
1881:
1877:Coyolxauhqui
1873:Templo Mayor
1870:
1861:
1843:Templo Mayor
1828:Templo Mayor
1827:
1804:1521 is the
1802:
1763:
1750:
1727:Colonial era
1715:Tenochtitlan
1711:
1706:
1702:
1697:Tenochtitlan
1693:
1688:Tenochtitlan
1683:
1662:Tenochtitlan
1658:
1654:
1631:
1596:Tenochtitlan
1592:
1588:Moctezuma II
1583:Tenochtitlan
1579:
1558:
1549:You can help
1539:
1509:
1496:Tenochtitlan
1467:
1455:Lake Texcoco
1452:
1435:Tenochtitlan
1431:
1419:Mexican flag
1406:
1395:
1388:
1356:
1352:
1315:Cuauhipiltin
1291:
1264:(now called
1233:
1209:Moctezuma II
1206:
1192:
1175:
1141:Quetzalcoatl
1119:Templo Mayor
1115:
1107:Templo Mayor
1082:Tenochtitlan
1068:tiyanquiztli
1065:had its own
1062:
1060:
1045:Marketplaces
1032:
1027:
989:
966:
962:
958:
956:
950:
939:
914:
901:
871:
866:Tenochtitlan
809:
797:
766:Tenochtitlan
762:
758:Lake Texcoco
753:Tenochtitlan
750:
736:Tenochtitlan
731:Lake Texcoco
711:prickly pear
681:Tenochtitlan
677:
643:Tenochtitlan
640:
623:Tenochtitlan
611:
598:
590:Aztec Empire
582:Lake Texcoco
565:
560:Tenochtitlan
557:
556:
406:Lake Texcoco
310:Templo Mayor
297:Tenochtitlan
261:Succeeded by
260:
208:Aztec Empire
116:Tenochtitlan
54:
3502:Aztec sites
3399:Government
3373:Skyscrapers
3329:Mexico City
3243:Imago Mundi
3072:: 403–434.
3021:J. M. Cohen
2194:: 104–123.
2057:history.com
1605:celebrated
1448:Inca Empire
1440:Mesoamerica
1417:and on the
1300:macehualtin
1272:Texcotzingo
1254:Chapultepec
1057:in Chicago.
995:tlaxilcalli
897:copalxocotl
884:Chapultepec
872:Two double
857: 1453
832:Moctezuma I
656:city-states
543:1987 (11th
540:Inscription
440: /
416:Coordinates
223:due to the
221:Destruction
140: /
32:Teotihuacan
3491:Categories
3099:1 February
2480:(2): 292.
2441:(4): 742.
2311:2 November
2278:Cortés, H.
2039:References
2015:pronounced
2001:pronounced
1979:pronounced
1965:pronounced
1673:Qualpopoca
1640:Iztapalapa
1491:Henry VIII
1215:, one for
1161:tzompantli
1075:Tlatelolco
1010:Iztapalapa
981:pronounced
935:City plans
923:temāzcalli
878:terracotta
780:Tlatelolco
773:Tlatelolco
743:Tlatelolco
666:Tlatelolco
630:Xochimilco
494:Site notes
249:200,000+
239:Population
173:Government
3452:Pollution
3235:643483454
3227:0027-9358
3094:145452272
3043:162351797
3013:(1963) .
2563:cite book
2555:648253221
2510:162323851
2494:0002-7316
2447:0894-8410
2216:244567487
2208:0956-5361
2150:230535203
1905:Axayacatl
1667:Vera Cruz
1602:Tenochcah
1553:talk page
1461:Ahuitzotl
1327:Tlacohtin
1321:Teteuctin
1261:Huaxtepec
1155:ball game
1087:Salamanca
1028:calpullis
968:calpullis
905:americana
903:Saponaria
891:Moctezuma
874:aqueducts
721:Geography
674:Etymology
530:Reference
466:Abandoned
274:New Spain
163:Religion
67:1325–1521
3435:Timeline
3390:Folk art
3385:Downtown
3348:Boroughs
3127:(1992).
3111:(1984).
3001:(1969).
2846:Part 3;
2830:24451466
2794:Gibson,
2455:40170283
2053:"Aztecs"
1919:See also
1896:calzadas
1720:diseases
1613:altepetl
1515:Conquest
1425:chinampa
1366:Calpōlli
1360:calpōlli
1343:Pochteca
1337:pochteca
1308:pipiltin
1266:Oaxtepec
1240:aquarium
1225:reptiles
1186:calmecac
1179:cuicalli
1169:Tonatiuh
1149:tlachtli
1063:calpulli
1039:Augsburg
1035:woodcuts
1018:Tlacopan
990:calpulli
977:calpōlli
944:—
828:brackish
660:polities
650:āltepētl
613:cabecera
608:Americas
572:altepetl
521:Criteria
484:Cultures
392:Location
176:Monarchy
3447:Parking
3430:History
3380:Cuisine
3365:Airport
3086:1798556
2378:22 June
2132:(1983)
2115:8 April
2024:Spanish
1994:Either
1958:Either
1812:Nahuatl
1797:sujetos
1770:cabildo
1607:Toxcatl
1505:Córdoba
1501:Seville
1410:Texcoco
1397:Opuntia
1374:History
1268:), and
1246:Texcoco
1238:and an
1229:mammals
1109:at the
1002:Tepeyac
961:; each
834:, the "
823:Texcoco
820:, Lake
813:Texcoco
783:to the
701:nōchtli
686:Nahuatl
616:of the
603:in the
584:in the
545:Session
476:Periods
458:Founded
453:History
425:19°26′N
219:•
125:19°26′N
112:Capital
3337:Topics
3263:
3233:
3225:
3208:
3152:
3092:
3084:
3041:
3031:
2991:491417
2989:
2904:
2870:
2854:
2828:
2782:
2731:
2617:
2590:
2553:
2543:
2526:, 2007
2508:
2502:281020
2500:
2492:
2453:
2445:
2302:
2262:
2237:
2214:
2206:
2169:
2148:
2140:
1890:, the
1888:Zócalo
1634:league
1599:, the
1551:. The
1487:London
1479:Venice
1391:Mexica
1296:. The
1227:, and
1145:; the
1133:Tlaloc
1014:, and
861:spring
801:canals
785:swamps
715:Tenoch
488:Aztecs
428:99°8′W
402:Region
316:people
314:Mexica
128:99°8′W
3090:S2CID
3058:(PDF)
2987:JSTOR
2826:JSTOR
2506:S2CID
2498:JSTOR
2451:JSTOR
2212:S2CID
1946:Notes
1909:Tizoc
1818:Ruins
1790:traza
1784:traza
1778:traza
1744:traza
1703:traza
1475:Paris
1402:Copil
1330:were
1221:birds
1061:Each
959:camps
929:sauna
836:levee
810:Lake
805:canoe
81:Glyph
3261:ISBN
3231:OCLC
3223:ISSN
3206:ISBN
3150:ISBN
3101:2008
3082:OCLC
3039:OCLC
3029:ISBN
2902:ISBN
2868:ISBN
2852:ISBN
2780:ISBN
2729:ISBN
2615:ISBN
2588:ISBN
2569:link
2551:OCLC
2541:ISBN
2490:ISSN
2443:ISSN
2380:2014
2313:2010
2300:ISBN
2260:ISBN
2235:ISBN
2204:ISSN
2167:ISBN
2146:OCLC
2138:ISBN
2117:2011
1826:The
1481:and
1213:zoos
963:camp
910:metl
826:was
769:and
690:tetl
601:city
230:1521
213:1428
200:1325
3074:doi
2979:doi
2818:doi
2482:doi
2196:doi
2008:or
1972:or
1830:in
1685:in
1503:or
1489:of
838:of
658:or
534:412
3493::
3229:.
3200:.
3088:.
3080:.
3066:31
3064:.
3060:.
3037:.
3027:.
2985:.
2973:.
2937:.
2925:^
2824:.
2814:57
2812:.
2565:}}
2561:{{
2549:.
2504:.
2496:.
2488:.
2478:53
2476:.
2472:.
2449:.
2439:46
2437:.
2433:.
2370:.
2348:^
2332:^
2294:.
2210:.
2202:.
2192:34
2190:.
2144:;
2101:.
2090:^
2072:.
2055:.
2026::
2022:;
1586:,
1477:,
1450:.
1404:.
1363:.
1276:.
1258:,
1250:,
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