182:
270:. However, this surrender was only announced a week later, while the proclamation was only known about by the Indonesian elite, who worried that it would upset the relationships between the various groups. On 29 August, Mansur invited prominent Indonesian figures to his house to discuss their response to the events. There were two outcomes from this meeting: a statement asking the people to stay calm, and the establishment of a committee led by Mansur and the
275:
the meantime. The sultans and the
Sumatran elite, anxious to protect their own status and interests, had been hoping for the return of the Dutch and for what they saw as the normal state of affairs to be restored. Masur made a decision to not cooperate with the republic. However, pro-independence activists were much stronger in their support for the Republic of Indonesia. Tensions between the two sides grew more intense, and culminated in the outbreak of the
31:
314:
As head of the NST, Mansur tried to build a state that was Malay-led, but not simply a reincarnation of the old social structure headed by sultans. This caused discontent among the former aristocrats, and at the same time Mansur was unable to attract support from immigrant communities, particularly
274:
tasked with explaining to the victorious Allies why they had needed to cooperate with this
Japanese. This was an attempt to avoid accusations of collaboration. Rumors soon spread that this was in fact a committee established to welcome the returning Dutch colonial forces, or even to seize power in
287:
By the middle of 1946 the violence had subsided, and the arrival of Dutch military forces meant the pro-republican forces were under pressure. The surviving elite made statements of loyalty to the Dutch and began to press for an "autonomous" East
Sumatra region under Dutch protection. They were
303:) with Mansur as chairman. The Dutch began establishing the necessary bureaucracy and on August 25, a meeting was held at Mansur's house attended by DIST committee members, other supporters and Dutch officials to discuss the establishment of the state. The
288:
supported in this by the majority of members of the Malay, ethnic
Chinese and Eurasian inhabitants. This led to plans for an plantation economy-based East Sumatran state, but without the sultans in their previous privileged positions.
236:. Although it had been formed by non-aristocratic people, it was thought that having a member of the Asahan royal family as leader would increase its influence and attract more members. By 1941, the organisation had 900 members.
252:) being set up in each residency to consider questions put to them by the local Japanese leadership. In March 1945, Mansur was appointed chairman of the Japanese East Sumatra advisory council.
279:
in March 1946. A large number of aristocrats were killed, and the sultanates were dissolved. According to a Dutch report, 127 of Mansur's relatives were killed in this period.
181:
245:
684:
248:. In June 1943, the Japanese government announced that Indonesians would be permitted "political participation" and this resulted in advisory councils (
553:
307:(NST) was established by decree on 25 December 1947, and it was officially proclaimed on 29 January the following year, with Mansur as head of state (
299:
asking him to recognize such a state within a federal
Indonesia. He also announced the formation of a Committee for an East Sumatra Special Region (
575:
263:
328:
665:
643:
621:
694:
689:
224:- PST), an organisation that had been established in April 1938 to educate and improve the welfare of indigenous people, principally
319:, who still mistrusted him. Meanwhile support for the Republic of Indonesia continued to grow. By early 1950, all the states of the
704:
699:
336:
339:
and agreed to combine all three states into a unitary
Indonesian state. On 17 August 1950, the NST ceased to exist.
320:
198:
170:
213:
and
Batavia, then returned to Medan where he became a highly respected surgeon and wrote medical books in the
295:
to call for the formation of a state of East
Sumatra. One speaker read out a petition addressed to the Dutch
324:
304:
276:
229:
209:, where he specialized in surgery. There, he met and married a Dutch woman. He later worked as a doctor in
540:
225:
166:
611:
714:
709:
271:
598:
256:
661:
639:
617:
296:
233:
142:
590:
190:
576:"Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra"
316:
636:
The Blood of the People: Revolution & the End of
Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra
205:, a Sumatran nationalist organization. He subsequently continued his medical studies in
653:
332:
214:
678:
631:
589:(33). Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications: 1–30.
133:
555:
National revolution in north
Sumatra: Sumatera Timur and Topanuli, 1942-1950
220:
In February 1940, Mansur was elected head of the East Sumatra Association (
30:
210:
602:
267:
260:
61:
206:
194:
193:
royal family, an uncle of Sultan Saiboen. He studied medicine at the
138:
594:
561:(Doctor of Philosophy thesis). Vol. 2. The University of Sydney
292:
180:
331:. From 3-5 May 1950, Mansur met with Indonesian Vice-president
201:, where from 1917 to 1919 he was the founding chairman of the
185:
Inauguration of Tengku Mansur as Wali Negara of East Sumatra
448:
446:
373:
371:
369:
301:
Comite Daerah Istimewa Soematera Timoer - Comite DIST
356:
354:
259:, and two days later, Indonesian nationalist leader
132:
124:
116:
108:
100:
95:
79:
67:
57:
41:
21:
161:(1897-1955) was a Malay nationalist and the only
342:Tengku Mansur died five years later, in 1955.
327:and the NST had dissolved themselves into the
246:Japanese invaded and occupied the East Indies
8:
291:On 31 July 1947, a mass meeting was held in
658:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200
476:
464:
452:
377:
29:
18:
53:28 January 1948 – 17 August 1950
512:
425:
264:proclaimed the independence of Indonesia
545:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
350:
574:Langenberg, Michael van (April 1982).
500:
401:
552:Langenberg, Michael John van (1976).
524:
240:The Japanese occupation and aftermath
7:
660:(4th ed.). Palgrave MacMillan.
488:
437:
413:
389:
360:
685:Indonesian people of Malay descent
335:and East Indonesian head of state
14:
283:Head of the State of East Sumatra
277:East Sumatra "social revolution"
616:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1:
177:Early life and pre-war career
42:Wali Negara of Sumatera Timur
297:Lieutenant Governor General
189:Mansur was a member of the
731:
695:People from Asahan Regency
690:United States of Indonesia
547:, Cornell University Press
321:United States of Indonesia
171:United States of Indonesia
440:, pp. 148, 150, 248.
148:
91:
46:
37:
28:
638:. Singapore: NUS Press.
610:Milner, Anthony (2008).
467:, pp. 584–585, 591.
222:Persatuan Sumatera Timur
305:State of East Indonesia
255:On 15 August 1945, the
705:Indonesian politicians
541:Kahin, George McTurnan
186:
700:Indonesian physicians
329:Republic of Indonesia
184:
16:Indonesian politician
257:Japanese surrendered
203:Jong Sumatranen Bond
527:, pp. 460–461.
416:, pp. 120–122.
165:(head of state) of
197:medical school in
187:
86:Position abolished
667:978-0-230-54686-8
645:978-9971-69-637-5
623:978-0-631-17222-2
392:, pp. 68–69.
272:Sultan of Langkat
234:Simalungun people
152:
151:
143:Leiden University
722:
671:
649:
627:
606:
580:
570:
568:
566:
560:
548:
528:
522:
516:
510:
504:
498:
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
456:
450:
441:
435:
429:
423:
417:
411:
405:
399:
393:
387:
381:
375:
364:
358:
317:ethnic Javanese
96:Personal details
82:
74:Position created
70:
51:
33:
19:
730:
729:
725:
724:
723:
721:
720:
719:
675:
674:
668:
652:
646:
630:
624:
609:
595:10.2307/3350925
578:
573:
564:
562:
558:
551:
539:
536:
531:
523:
519:
511:
507:
499:
495:
487:
483:
477:Langenberg 1982
475:
471:
465:Langenberg 1976
463:
459:
455:, pp. 4–5.
453:Langenberg 1982
451:
444:
436:
432:
424:
420:
412:
408:
400:
396:
388:
384:
378:Langenberg 1982
376:
367:
359:
352:
348:
285:
242:
179:
141:
80:
68:
52:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
728:
726:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
677:
676:
673:
672:
666:
654:Ricklefs, M.C.
650:
644:
628:
622:
607:
571:
549:
535:
532:
530:
529:
517:
515:, p. 376.
505:
503:, p. 172.
493:
491:, p. 260.
481:
469:
457:
442:
430:
428:, p. 322.
418:
406:
404:, p. 136.
394:
382:
365:
349:
347:
344:
325:East Indonesia
284:
281:
241:
238:
215:Malay language
178:
175:
169:, part of the
159:Tengku Mansoer
150:
149:
146:
145:
136:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
93:
92:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
71:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
727:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
680:
669:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
641:
637:
633:
632:Reid, Anthony
629:
625:
619:
615:
614:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
577:
572:
557:
556:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
533:
526:
521:
518:
514:
513:Ricklefs 2008
509:
506:
502:
497:
494:
490:
485:
482:
479:, p. 17.
478:
473:
470:
466:
461:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
434:
431:
427:
426:Ricklefs 2008
422:
419:
415:
410:
407:
403:
398:
395:
391:
386:
383:
379:
374:
372:
370:
366:
363:, p. 82.
362:
357:
355:
351:
345:
343:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
282:
280:
278:
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
253:
251:
250:shu sangi kai
247:
244:In 1942, the
239:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
183:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
155:Tengku Mansur
147:
144:
140:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
90:
87:
84:
78:
75:
72:
66:
63:
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
23:Tengku Mansur
20:
657:
635:
612:
586:
582:
563:. Retrieved
554:
544:
520:
508:
496:
484:
472:
460:
433:
421:
409:
397:
385:
380:, p. 8.
341:
313:
308:
300:
290:
286:
254:
249:
243:
221:
219:
202:
188:
167:East Sumatra
162:
158:
154:
153:
85:
81:Succeeded by
73:
48:
715:1955 deaths
710:1897 births
501:Milner 2008
402:Milner 2008
309:Wali Negara
163:Wali Negara
117:Nationality
69:Preceded by
679:Categories
613:The Malays
534:References
525:Kahin 1952
134:Alma mater
120:Indonesian
656:(2008) .
583:Indonesia
565:15 August
489:Reid 2014
438:Reid 2014
414:Reid 2014
390:Reid 2014
361:Reid 2014
337:Soekowati
58:President
49:In office
634:(2014).
543:(1952),
211:Sulawesi
125:Children
603:3350925
323:except
268:Jakarta
261:Sukarno
199:Batavia
62:Sukarno
664:
642:
620:
601:
232:, and
226:Malays
207:Leiden
195:STOVIA
191:Asahan
139:STOVIA
599:JSTOR
579:(PDF)
559:(PDF)
346:Notes
333:Hatta
293:Medan
230:Karos
662:ISBN
640:ISBN
618:ISBN
567:2024
315:the
311:).
112:1955
109:Died
104:1897
101:Born
591:doi
266:in
173:.
157:or
681::
597:.
587:33
585:.
581:.
445:^
368:^
353:^
228:,
217:.
670:.
648:.
626:.
605:.
593::
569:.
128:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
