640:(outer reap) to name but a few. The Itsutsu no kata, or the five forms, of Kodokan judo preserve techniques of an esoteric nature found in the Tenshin Shin'yō-ryū's "five teachings of the kuden" kata and techniques from the Kime no kata are said to show the influence of Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū tactics. In this way while creating a modern sport Kanō was able to preserve some aspects of the jin Shin'yō-ryū in his art and it is for this reason that contemporary judo participants tend to show such an interest in this particular
618:. In Miyamoto, who was also very well known as a strong judo man, once again we see the connection between this classical school of jūjutsu and modern judo. Miyamoto taught Aimiya Kazusaburo, who himself produced a number of strong students, but after suffering a stroke he was forced to stop teaching the art. Of those students it seems only Shibata Koichi currently continues to teach the art albeit upon a very limited scale.
607:. Tobari had in turn studied under Iso Mataichiro, the younger brother of the fourth headmaster of the ryu. She maintained the dual traditions of Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū and the Shin no Shintō-ryū until her death some years ago, running a small dojo in Osaka in which many of her students were strong judo players. As this line seems to have become inactive in recent years its survival is cast in some doubt.
124:
25:
66:
487:
or strikes to disrupt the balance of the opponent as well as a more flexible and flowing movement of the body than seen in some older schools of jūjutsu. The older schools employ somewhat larger and slower movements to mimic the use of armour in the battlefield. Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū was developed after
565:
to the leading teachers at the seminars. The higher level of kata, not only relates to the aspect of physical movements, but the deeper inner meanings, or link between the philosophy, and mindset of the practitioner. Such kata are taught only to students with many years of commitment and experience.
599:
and
Tenshin Shinyo ryu from his teacher Sakamoto he received his license in 1973. In his seventies, he still actively participates in the teaching of the art three times a week. Apart from locals, his students are from far ranging countries such as Australia, Germany, Israel, Sweden and England. In
583:
awards in the art from legitimate headmasters of the past, none of them have the final "keys" to be considered as having received the full transmission. Torajiro Yagi passed the full transmission of the body of knowledge to
Fusataro Sakamoto, who in turn passed the full transmission of the body of
678:
2010 "Kano then became a student in another Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū school, that of Iso
Masatomo (c.1820–c.1881), who put more ... On the other hand, Kitō-ryū emphasized throwing techniques to a much greater degree than Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū." ... "Jujutsu was first introduced to Europe in 1899 by Edward
523:
Iso created a composite system based on the techniques of the Yōshin-ryū, Shin no Shintō-ryū and his experience and founded his own tradition called the Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū around 1800. "Tenjin/Tenshin" meaning that it was divinely inspired, "Shin" from Shintō-ryū and "yō" from the Yōshin-ryū. Iso
547:
based or a form of pre-arranged fighting. Students learn the specific subtleties, or the more hidden meaning of the form, through the continuous repetitions of the katas. There are over 124 kata of this classical jūjutsu, unarmed combat teaching from seated positions, standing positions, weapons
731:
of the 3rd headmaster and written by Iso
Mataemon Masanobu (4th Generation Headmaster). Confirmation of this information was provided by Mr. Kubota in response to a 2nd printing of the "Flag Book", authored by Chiharu Yoshida, the fourth Shihan to receive this body of knowledge and the first to
574:
With the 5th headmaster, Iso
Mataemon dying without designating a successor, the 4th headmaster passed the entire body of knowledge required for full mastery to three Shihans (menkyo kaiden's with impeccable moral character) that were identified and designated as such by the 3rd headmaster (the
515:
Iso
Mataemon Masatari (1787–1863) studied Yōshin-ryū under Hitotsuyanagi Oribe and Shin no Shintō-ryū under Homma Jouemon. He then went traveling and training throughout the country where he engaged in various competitions. It is said that he was never beaten. According to tradition he was once
578:
One of these
Shihans, Torijiro Yagi, was able to complete and learn the additional teachings provided to them by the 4th headmaster, and as such is the one and only true and complete lineage of Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū today. Although there exist a number of individuals who received
664:
2010- Page 122 "A fourth important system was Tenjin Shin'yo ryu ("Divine True Willow School"). This system dates to the 1830s. It was taught in clan schools throughout Japan, and at the
Kobusho, the shogunate's official military academy, from 1856 to
488:
the period of civil war in Japan; thus, without armor, the movements emphasized were faster and more strikes were incorporated. The strikes were also primarily aimed at human vital points and meridians, which were exposed due to the lack of armor.
797:. Tokyo. Kodansha International. (Despite being a judo text there are extensive references to Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū, line drawings of the school's techniques from the 1890s and photographs of Kubata Toshihiro performing techniques)
628:, played a role of seminal importance to the development of Kanō's judo system. Although modified for safe sport use, the influence of the Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū can be seen today in many of judo's core throwing techniques such as
624:, the founder of judo, studied jin Shin'yō-ryū jūjutsu for several years under two leading exponents of the day, Fukuda Hachinosuke and 3rd generation headmaster Iso Mataemon Masatomo. The Tenshin Shin'yō-ryū, along with the
511:
Shin no Shintō-ryū was created by a palace guard at Osaka castle named
Yamamoto Tamiza Hideya who had studied Yōshin-ryū before implementing changes in the curriculum and paring down the system to 68 techniques.
575:
grandfather of the 5th headmaster), and a fourth as selected by the 4th headmaster to fulfill the "divine scheme" of transferring the school outside of the family lineage.
732:
validate its purpose. Moreover, Mr. Kubota speaks of this and other pertinent matters regarding the ryu in Nippon
Jujutsu – Japan Book of Formal Military Ways, chapter 5.
587:
As the leading active teacher is Toshihiro Kubota whose legitimacy in preserving the teachings of his teacher Sakamoto Fusataro is supported by senior exponents of other
679:
William Barton-Wright, who had studied Tenjin Shinyō-ryū and Shinden Fudo Ryu in Yokohama and Kobe, respectively. He had also trained briefly at the Kodokan in Tokyo."
141:
38:
610:
Miyamoto Hanzo was a student of both Inoue Keitaro and Tozawa Tokusaburō (戸沢 徳三郎, 1848–1912). Tozawa is believed to have briefly taught jujutsu to
895:
188:
160:
951:
528:
and his school flourished to become the most popular school of jūjutsu of the time (1848–1864). Iso taught 5000 students in that time.
167:
225:
207:
105:
52:
603:
A second, although incomplete line of the Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū traces its lineage through Tobari Kazu who received her training from
751:
Info by the Makotokan in Sydney, Australia on history, genealogy, kata, characteristics and historic photos of Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
174:
44:
822:
1446:
1294:
145:
156:
1140:
993:
520:, or striking techniques, in his system along with throwing and strangling techniques common to other systems of jūjutsu.
516:
involved in a fight involving a hundred assailants and it was this experience that further solidified the importance of
455:(choking techniques). Once a very popular jujutsu system in Japan, among the famous students who studied the art were
790:
Mol, Serge. 2001. Classical Fighting Arts of Japan: A Complete Guide to Koryu Jujutsu. Tokyo. Kodansha International.
776:. Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan, Volume 1. New Jersey, Koryu Books. (Extensive article on Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū)
83:
76:
1436:
1301:
383:
134:
557:
Certain katas are subject to secrecy, due to the nature of lethal effects and subject of martial traditions. The
1189:
1133:
1091:
1049:
965:
1280:
1217:
1112:
1028:
972:
181:
535:
of 1868 the study of jūjutsu fell into decline generally and this affected the Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū as well.
1210:
1182:
1175:
1063:
1000:
1245:
835:
727:
Summarized from the translation of the "Flag Book", the original body of knowledge passed to the three
746:
Website of the Tenyokai International, the official international representative of the Tenyokai Japan
1287:
1252:
923:
958:
815:
330:
916:
525:
1196:
888:
783:. Classical Warrior Traditions of Japan, Volume 2. New Jersey, Koryu Books. (For references to
1126:
1021:
986:
621:
604:
532:
456:
800:
1441:
1168:
1098:
479:
Essentially, Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū is the amalgamation of two separate systems of jūjutsu: the
1224:
784:
480:
358:
615:
460:
1308:
1119:
1056:
1042:
1007:
860:
853:
483:
and Shin no Shintō-ryū. The distinctive feature of this particular school is the use of
1203:
1154:
1147:
1105:
1035:
930:
808:
625:
87:
1430:
1407:
1400:
1337:
580:
562:
386:• Tenjin Shinyo Goshin-ryu, Kokusai Okazaki-ha Shin Tenshin Shin'yo-ryu Aiki-jūjutsu
762:
1351:
1273:
937:
410:, meaning "Divine True Willow School", can be classified as a traditional school (
1393:
979:
944:
123:
82:
The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
702:
1414:
1379:
1344:
1014:
867:
831:
500:
282:
1365:
715:"Makotokan .::. Tenjin Shinyo Ryu Jujutsu.::. Castle Hill, Sydney. Australia"
1161:
517:
450:
769:. The Martial Arts and Ways of Japan, 3. New York & Tokyo: Weatherhill.
714:
641:
588:
249:
750:
561:
or resuscitation techniques, were a secret, however Kubota now teaches at
1386:
1358:
584:
knowledge to the one and only master of the ryu today, Kubota Toshihiro.
440:
412:
375:
600:
addition to Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū jūjutsu, Kubota holds a 7th dan in judo.
1372:
1084:
595:
and organization, the Tenyokai, in 1978. Receiving instruction in both
417:
325:
548:
defence, and also includes special healing methods and resuscitation (
745:
728:
611:
492:
468:
371:
662:
Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation
496:
689:
550:
434:
338:
596:
592:
464:
379:
804:
117:
59:
18:
491:
Like most koryu, the Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū follows the bujutsu
543:
The training methodology, as with most koryu systems, is
1262:
1234:
1073:
905:
877:
842:
364:
351:
337:
324:
312:
307:
295:
290:
277:
269:
261:
256:
240:
148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
403:
426:
397:
816:
8:
703:http://www.tenyokai.com/articles/booklet.pdf
422:Iso Mataemon Ryūkansai Minamoto no Masatari
265:Iso Mataemon Ryūkansai Minamoto no Masatari
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
823:
809:
801:
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
653:
495:ranking system, as opposed to the budo
237:
690:"Tenshin Shinyo Ryu | Judo Info"
524:became the jūjutsu instructor to the
433:in the 1830s. Its syllabus comprises
7:
146:adding citations to reliable sources
299:Kubota Toshihiro and Shibata Koichi
660:Thomas A. Green, Joseph R. Svinth
14:
795:Kodokan Judo: Throwing Techniques
463:. Kanō founded the modern art of
34:This article has multiple issues.
952:Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū
896:Tenshin Shōden Katori Shintō-ryū
122:
64:
23:
133:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1295:Jikishinkage-ryu Naginatajutsu
449:(immobilization methods), and
1:
779:Skoss, Diane (Editor). 1999.
772:Skoss, Diane (Editor). 1997.
16:Traditional school of jūjutsu
404:
1463:
569:
1325:
636:(sweeping hip throw) and
427:
398:
369:
356:
347:
343:Resuscitation techniques.
303:
247:
1329:Classical arts practiced
570:Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū Today
994:Musō Jikiden Eishin-ryū
467:, and Ueshiba founded
445:(throwing techniques),
439:(striking techniques),
793:Daigo, Toshiro. 2005.
507:The sources of the art
1447:Japanese martial arts
1092:Gyokushin-ryū Jūjutsu
836:Japanese martial arts
676:World of Martial Arts
370:Ito-ha Shin'yō-ryū •
357:Shin no Shintō-ryū •
1288:Ittō Shōden Mutō-ryū
1127:Hyōhō Niten Ichi-ryū
973:Komagawa Kaishin-ryū
924:Tenshinsho Jigen Ryu
539:Training methodology
420:. It was founded by
157:"Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū"
142:improve this article
291:Current information
1316:Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
1246:Kyōshin Meichi-ryū
1050:Yagyū Shinkage-ryū
966:Kashima Shintō-ryū
632:(shoulder throw),
526:Tokugawa shogunate
405:Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
365:Descendant schools
296:Current headmaster
241:Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
1424:
1423:
1302:Shindō Yōshin-ryū
1281:Hokushin Ittō-ryū
1266:
1253:Tennen Rishin-ryū
1238:
1218:Yagyū Shingan-ryū
1113:Hontai Yōshin-ryū
1077:
909:
881:
846:
832:Classical schools
605:Tobari Takisaburo
533:Meiji Restoration
393:Tenjin Shinyo-ryu
390:
389:
384:Shindō Yōshin-ryū
236:
235:
228:
218:
217:
210:
192:
116:
115:
108:
57:
1454:
1264:
1236:
1176:Shindō Munen-ryū
1099:Heijo Muteki Ryū
1075:
1064:Toda-ha Bukō-ryū
1001:Musō Shinden-ryū
959:Kashima Shin-ryū
907:
879:
844:
825:
818:
811:
802:
781:Sword and Spirit
733:
725:
719:
718:
711:
705:
700:
694:
693:
686:
680:
672:
666:
658:
591:. He formed his
432:
430:
429:
409:
407:
401:
400:
352:Ancestor schools
238:
231:
224:
213:
206:
202:
199:
193:
191:
150:
126:
118:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1321:
1258:
1230:
1190:Shintō Musō-ryū
1069:
901:
889:Kage-ryū (Aizu)
873:
838:
829:
759:
757:Further reading
742:
737:
736:
726:
722:
713:
712:
708:
701:
697:
688:
687:
683:
673:
669:
659:
655:
650:
616:Ueshiba Morihei
572:
541:
509:
477:
461:Morihei Ueshiba
424:
395:
285:
242:
232:
221:
220:
219:
214:
203:
197:
194:
151:
149:
139:
127:
112:
101:
95:
92:
81:
75:has an unclear
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1437:Ko-ryū bujutsu
1429:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1080:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1022:Takenouchi-ryū
1018:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
987:Maniwa Nen-ryū
983:
976:
969:
962:
955:
948:
941:
934:
927:
920:
912:
910:
903:
902:
900:
899:
892:
884:
882:
875:
874:
872:
871:
864:
857:
849:
847:
840:
839:
830:
828:
827:
820:
813:
805:
799:
798:
791:
788:
777:
770:
758:
755:
754:
753:
748:
741:
740:External links
738:
735:
734:
720:
706:
695:
681:
667:
652:
651:
649:
646:
644:jūjutsu form.
571:
568:
540:
537:
508:
505:
476:
473:
388:
387:
367:
366:
362:
361:
354:
353:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
335:
334:
328:
322:
321:
316:
310:
309:
305:
304:
301:
300:
297:
293:
292:
288:
287:
279:
278:Period founded
275:
274:
271:
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
254:
253:
245:
244:
234:
233:
216:
215:
130:
128:
121:
114:
113:
96:September 2009
77:citation style
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1459:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1408:Shurikenjutsu
1405:
1403:
1402:
1401:Naginatajutsu
1398:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1263:19th century
1261:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1235:18th century
1233:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1183:Shingyōtō-ryū
1180:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1169:Sekiguchi-ryū
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1074:17th century
1072:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
996:
995:
991:
989:
988:
984:
982:
981:
977:
975:
974:
970:
968:
967:
963:
961:
960:
956:
954:
953:
949:
947:
946:
942:
940:
939:
935:
933:
932:
928:
926:
925:
921:
919:
918:
914:
913:
911:
906:16th century
904:
898:
897:
893:
891:
890:
886:
885:
883:
878:15th century
876:
870:
869:
865:
863:
862:
858:
856:
855:
851:
850:
848:
843:14th century
841:
837:
833:
826:
821:
819:
814:
812:
807:
806:
803:
796:
792:
789:
786:
782:
778:
775:
774:Koryu Bujutsu
771:
768:
764:
761:
760:
756:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
739:
730:
724:
721:
716:
710:
707:
704:
699:
696:
691:
685:
682:
677:
671:
668:
663:
657:
654:
647:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
617:
613:
608:
606:
601:
598:
594:
590:
585:
582:
581:Menkyo Kaiden
576:
567:
564:
560:
555:
553:
552:
546:
538:
536:
534:
529:
527:
521:
519:
513:
506:
504:
502:
498:
494:
489:
486:
482:
474:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:
448:
444:
443:
438:
437:
423:
419:
415:
414:
406:
394:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
363:
360:
355:
350:
346:
342:
340:
336:
332:
329:
327:
323:
320:
317:
315:
311:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
252:
251:
246:
239:
230:
227:
212:
209:
201:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159: –
158:
154:
153:Find sources:
147:
143:
137:
136:
131:This article
129:
125:
120:
119:
110:
107:
99:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1315:
1314:
1309:Shiranui-ryū
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1251:
1244:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1197:Sōsuishi-ryū
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1062:
1057:Yoshioka-ryū
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1008:Shinkage-ryū
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
915:
894:
887:
866:
861:Kukishin-ryū
859:
852:
794:
780:
773:
766:
763:Donn Draeger
723:
709:
698:
684:
675:
674:Robert Hill
670:
661:
656:
637:
633:
629:
620:
609:
602:
586:
577:
573:
558:
556:
549:
544:
542:
530:
522:
514:
510:
490:
484:
478:
451:
446:
441:
435:
421:
411:
392:
391:
318:
313:
270:Date founded
248:
222:
204:
195:
185:
178:
171:
164:
152:
140:Please help
135:verification
132:
102:
93:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1265:(1801–1876)
1237:(1701–1800)
1148:Ittatsu-ryū
1076:(1601–1700)
1036:Tatsumi-ryū
980:Kyūshin Ryū
908:(1501–1600)
880:(1401–1500)
845:(1301–1400)
767:Modern Budo
634:harai goshi
622:Kanō Jigorō
475:Description
457:Kanō Jigorō
428:磯又右衛門柳関斎源正足
319:Description
308:Arts taught
286:(1603–1867)
1431:Categories
1380:Juttejutsu
1338:Battōjutsu
1225:Yōshin-ryū
1211:Tamiya-ryū
1141:Isshin-ryū
1134:Ikkaku-ryū
1029:Tamiya-ryū
1015:Taisha-ryū
917:Hōzōin-ryū
785:Yōshin-ryū
648:References
638:osoto gari
531:After the
518:atemi-waza
481:Yōshin-ryū
452:shime-waza
447:torae-waza
436:atemi-waza
359:Yōshin-ryū
283:Edo period
257:Foundation
168:newspapers
88:footnoting
39:improve it
1352:Hojōjutsu
1274:Fusen-ryū
1162:Mugai-ryū
1120:Hōten-ryū
1043:Tendō-ryū
938:Jigen-ryū
854:Chujō-ryū
630:seoi nage
442:nage-waza
198:June 2007
45:talk page
1394:Kyūjutsu
1387:Kenjutsu
1359:Iaijutsu
1204:Suiō-ryū
1155:Kitō-ryū
1106:Hōki-ryū
945:Kage-ryū
931:Ittō-ryū
765:. 1974.
626:Kitō-ryū
614:founder
503:system.
376:Bartitsu
84:citation
1442:Jujutsu
1415:Sōjutsu
1373:Jūjutsu
1366:Jōjutsu
1345:Bōjutsu
1085:Abe-ryū
868:Nen-ryū
563:Kōdōkan
418:jūjutsu
326:Jūjutsu
262:Founder
243:(天神真楊流)
182:scholar
729:Shihan
665:1866."
642:ko-ryū
612:aikido
589:ko-ryū
493:Menkyo
469:aikido
372:Aikido
331:Hybrid
250:Ko-ryū
184:
177:
170:
163:
155:
559:kappo
551:kappo
485:atemi
459:and
416:) of
413:koryū
399:天神真楊流
339:Kappō
281:Late
273:1830s
189:JSTOR
175:books
597:judo
593:dojo
545:kata
465:judo
380:Judo
161:news
86:and
834:of
554:).
501:dan
497:kyū
333:art
314:Art
144:by
1433::
471:.
402:,
382:•
378:•
374:•
48:.
824:e
817:t
810:v
787:)
717:.
692:.
499:/
431:)
425:(
408:)
396:(
229:)
223:(
211:)
205:(
200:)
196:(
186:·
179:·
172:·
165:·
138:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
90:.
80:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
